acoustics cpd v6 - rehau group · acoustics cpd managing noise in the workplace using structure ......

Construction

Automotive

Industry

www.rehau.co.uk

ACOUSTICS CPDMANAGING NOISE IN THE WORKPLACE USING STRUCTURE & FURNITURE

LEARNING OBJECTIVESCPD Agenda

• Introduction to REHAU

• Introduction to Acoustic Science

•Definition

•Examples

•Science

© REHAU

•Science

• Regulation

• Product Solutions

• Project Gallery

• Learning Materials

LEARNING OBJECTIVESAt the end of this CPD you will

•Understand the Basic Principles of acoustics

•What Design Standards to consider

•How to incorporate Sound Reduction measures across a project

© REHAU

•How to incorporate Sound Reduction measures across a project




•Definition

•Examples

•Science

© REHAU

•Science

• Regulation

• Product Solution

• Project Gallery


REHAU COMPANY HISTORY

Private Company

- 1948 Founded in the Bavarian town of REHAU

- 1962 First UK Sales Office and Warehouse

opened in Slough

- 1975 First Manufacturing Plant was opened in

UK Locations

© REHAU

- 1975 First Manufacturing Plant was opened in

Amlwch

- 1995 Opening of the new headquarters in

Ross-on-Wye

- 2012 REHAU celebrated its 50th anniversary

trading in the UK

WHAT WE DOREHAU Business Divisions

As a polymer specialist REHAU is a leading supplier in the business divisions of:

© REHAU

INDUSTRYKey topics: Product and design solutions for the furniture industry, developments for the hose, profile and domestic appliance sectors.

AUTOMOTIVEKey topics: Lightweight construction, alternative drive concepts and new mobility approaches.

CONSTRUCTIONKey topics: Energy efficiency, water management, infrastructure and renewable energies.

1.2 billion people without access to

clean drinking water

DRINKING WATER

2013: around 7 billion people

WORLD POPULATION

Increasing importance of public

URBAN MOBILITY

2025: up to 1.5 billion

tonnes CO2 due to air trafficAIR TRAFFIC

2.3 billion people without adequate

sanitation

WASTE WATER

© REHAU

WHAT DRIVES USTRENDS AND CHALLENGES

2013: around 7 billion people

2010: 77,609,901

vehicles produced

TRAFFIC VOLUME6,500 Watt hours

per head

ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Increasing importance of public

local transport in cities

© Christian Grund




•Definition

•Examples

•Science

© REHAU

•Science

• Regulation


• Project Gallery


NOISEWhat is it?

Noise what is it?

• Unwanted sound

• A sound, that is loud, unpleasant or that causes disturbance.

Why is a big problem?

© REHAU

Why is a big problem?

• It is increasing

• Noise pollution exposed population - doubled; 30% in 1965 to 75% 2003

• Traffic noise has been increasing 0.2–0.3 dB(A) a year

PSYCHOACOUSTICSDISCOMFORT: HUMAN PERCEPTION

PERMANENT STRESSMENTAL & PHYSICAL

STRESS

!

Productivity ��

© REHAU

Information incorrect / not understood

(decreasing speech comprehension)

Becoming tired quickly /

reduced ability to concentrate

Reduced wellbeing

High blood pressure

Damage to hearing

Cardivascular illness

Stress

!

� Office noise -> silent stress factor that often

unknowingly influences the performance and wellbeing

of the employee significantly� Frequent consequences: � low performance capability

� psychosomatic illness




•Definition

•Examples

•Science

© REHAU

•Science

• Regulation


• Project Gallery


SOURCES OF NOISEArchitectural Acoustics vs. Room Acoustics

Transferred sound level

60dB

80dB sound level

© REHAU

Sound transfer between adjoining rooms Acoustic quality within a room

��Insulation

ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS ROOM ACOUSTICS

! ! What surfaces can I use to create ideal auditory conditions?

What proportion of the sound comes out on the other side of the component being examined?

��Damping / Absorption




•Definition

•Examples

•Science yes or no?

© REHAU

•Science yes or no?

• Regulation


• Project Gallery


few vibrations per second

Low tone

many vibrations per second

High tone

Time

Acoustic pressure leve l/ sound level

FUNDAMENTALS OF A SOUND WAVEWhat is sound?

© REHAU

Range of audibility

Music

Speech

Infrasound Ultrasound16

16

20,000

16,000

63 8,000

Frequency in Hertz

200 2,000Range in which speech is perceivedLow tone range High tone range

Harmonics

•Harmonics•Fundamental or lowest•Integral multiples

FUNDAMENTALS OF A SOUND WAVE

© REHAU

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREQUENCY & WAVE LENGTHHigher frequency shorter wave length

•Speed of sound• 344m/s (in air)

© REHAU

MEASUREMENT OF SOUND ENERGYuPa and dB

•Logarithmic Scale

© REHAU

The standard reference sound pressure in air or other gases is 20 µPa, which is usually considered the

threshold of human hearing (at 1 kHz).

uPa and dB

Phone ringing

MEASUREMENT OF SOUND ENERGY

© REHAU

Threshold of human hearing

Telephone conversation

phon

•Levels of equal loudness•The Human Ear

•20 Hz to a maximum of around 20,000 Hz•most sensitive between 2 and 5 kHz,


© REHAU

2 and 5 kHz,

Metres

•A Weighted Sound Level


© REHAU

SOUND REFLECTIONRoute & impact

•Reflection•Diffraction•Absorption

© REHAU

SOUND IN CONFINED SPACESEnergy Path

Sound is bounced back

1Reflection

Sound is "dispersed"

2 Diffusivity

(diffuse reflection)

3Absorption

Sound is "transferred"

4Transmission

© REHAU

Reverberation

•Incident•Reflected•Absorbed•Transmitted•Structure Bourne SoundAdd details

RECOMMENDATION

� Time that a sound in a room requires to become inaudible

� Technical: Sound pressure level in the room reduces by 60 dB

� Extent depends on the frequency

� Reverberation periods that are too long have an increased noise level and poor speech comprehension as a consequence

SOUND IN CONFINED SPACES

© REHAU

Reflection

RECOMMENDATION

�Office: 0.5 – 0.8 Sec.

�Church: 4 – 8 Sec.

IT'S ECHOING SO MUCH!Skip

Barriers- Reflection and Diffraction

•Wave Length•Obstacle Size

Dec

reas

ing

Fre

quen

cy

Dec

reas

ing

Bar

rier

Hei

ght

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREQUENCY & WAVE LENGTH

© REHAU

Dec

reas

ing

Fre

quen

cy

Dec

reas

ing

Bar

rier

Hei

ght

Source

Barriers- Reflection and Diffraction

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREQUENCY & WAVE LENGTH

© REHAU

SOUND REDUCTIONMeasurement of reduction

•Dn Tw•Rw

© REHAU

•dB•BS EN ISO 140-4 Measurement Procedure for Airborne Noise transmission’.

Typically, an Rw is around 5dB higher than the equivalent DnT,w figure..

SOUND REDUCTIONMeasurement of reduction

Sound absorption coefficients .

α = Ia / Ii (1)where

© REHAU

Ia = sound intensity absorbed (W/m2)Ii = incident sound intensity (W/m2)




•Definition

•Examples

•Science

© REHAU

•Science

• Regulation


•Project Gallery


DESIGN REQUIREMENTSGuidelines for Community Noise

•Non Industrial Noise sources•40% EU Exposed to traffic in excess 55 dB(A)•Complex relationship -environmental noise and

© REHAU

environmental noise and people.

The control of Noise at work Regulations 2005

•The lower exposure action values are:•a daily or weekly personal noise exposure of 80 dB (A-weighted);

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

© REHAU

weighted);•a peak sound pressure of 135 dB (C-weighted).

Building Regulations Part E

•Primarily Domestic•Testing or Robust Details* to comply•E4 covering Schools

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

© REHAU

* a range of constructions which have been demonstrated to exceed Part E standards by at least 5dB.

CE marking

•Construction Products Regulations:

•Mechanical resistance and stability•Safety in case of fire•Hygiene, health and environment•Safety & accessibility in use•Protection against noise

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

© REHAU

•Protection against noise•Energy economy and heat retention•Sustainable use of natural resources

•EN 14351 CE marking of Windows & Doors•Annex B Determination of Sound Insulation of windows

Absorber classα W-value

250 – 4,000 HZEffect

A 0.90 – 1.00 Optimum

B 0.80 – 0.85 Favourable

DESIGN REQUIREMENTSAbsorption Classifications according to DIN EN 11654

© REHAU

C 0.60 – 0.75 Still favourable

D 0.30 – 0.55 Not favourable

E 0.15 – 0.25 Not sufficient

Not classified 0.00 – 0.10 -




•Definition

•Examples

•Science

© REHAU

•Science

• Regulation

• Product Solutions

• Project Gallery


360° ACOUSTIC IMPROVEMENTSMaximise sound insulation, Minimise sound creation, Maximise sound absorbtion

Minimise sound

creation

Maximise sound absorption

© REHAU

Maximise sound

insulation

MAXIMISE SOUND INSULATION

• Window Systems Designed to Reduce Sound Transmission:Should be air tightShould be fitted and sealed properly against the substrateNo air ventilators in the frame

• MULTI-CHAMBER DESIGNProvide up to 35% better sound insulation by reducing soundtransmission by up to 40 dB due to effective sealing

Window Systems - Acoustic Testing EN14351 Annex B

© REHAU

• DUAL GASKETSDual protective seals assures tightness of the window systemsand act as an excellent barrier against air and sound infiltration

• Triple Glazing Maximize the gap between the layers of glass (min 30 mm total)Alternate the thickness on the different layers of glass

Window Systems - Acoustic Testing EN14351 Annex B


© REHAU

•Test Results available for:•Casement windows•Tilt & Turn•Sliding sash

Passive Haus

Windows

Window Systems

•Tilt & Turn style•Ultra low U Value•Passivhaus Certified.

© REHAU

Controlled Ventilation - How earth tubes or ground-air heat exchangers work?

Summer operation of a GAHE Winter operation of a GAHE


© REHAU

Earth Tubes or Ground-Air Heat Exchanger

QE School, Wimborne, Dorset

- Flow rate: 36,000 m3/h

- 3 Tichelmann grids, each 60m long

- DN1200 header pipe

- 60 AWADUKT Thermo runs of DN250, total length of 3,500m

© REHAU

- BSF ‘Pathfinder’ school

Minimise sound

creation



© REHAU

Maximise sound

insulation

MINIMISE SOUND CREATIONAcoustic sound management at the source

An efficient way to reduce noise level within a building/room is to tackle avoidable internal noise sources:

Structural internal noise sources:

• Air condition

• Ventilation

© REHAU

Structural internal noise sources:

• Water pipes

• Drainage system

- Flexible

- Clean

- Low cost

- Maintenance free

Polymer Pipe Systems – Polymer has grown in the market against steel & copper

MINIMISE SOUND CREATION

© REHAU

- Maintenance free

-Silent

- Environmentally friendly

UP TO 4X LESS NOISE

Proven by German Institute “Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Physics, Stuttgart”:

Sound Pressure Level different to Copper:LA=12.7dB(A)

Quiet library

Polymer Pipe Systems – Maximum Acoustic Performance


© REHAU

Every 3 dB(A) reduction = noise reduction of 50%.

Polymer Copper

Sound Insulation Waste Water Technology


© REHAU

Sound Insulation Waste Water Technology


© REHAU

1. Multi-layer Mineral-reinforced PIPES

2. Sound Absorbing BENDS

3-5. Sound-dampening BRACKETS

Comparison of Acoustic Performance of Different Acoustic Systems

(tested by Frauenhofer Institute for Building Physics, Stuttgart, Germany according to EN 14366)

30% less noise generated

VDI 4100 (III)

DIN 4109

Noise reduction pipe creates 30% Less Noise


© REHAU

VDI 4100 (III)

NR Pipe CAST IRONOTHER

PP

a) Surface Heating & Cooling System

• Floor

• Wall

• Ceiling

Sub-Surface/ Structure Heating and Cooling


© REHAU

b) Structure Cooling System (Thermally Active Building)

• Concrete Structure

b) Structure Coolinga) Surface Heating & Cooling

radiation radiation



© REHAU

radiation radiation

No noisy air blowers or space heaters due to closed system of under floor water pipes


Construction

Automotive

Industry

www.rehau.co.uk

Within rooms, sound diffuses spherically

Depending on the surface on which the

sound waves hit, sound can be…

• Absorbed

MAXIMISE SOUND ABSORPTION Behaviour of sound in a room

© REHAU

• Reflected

• Diffused

Ceiling, floor, walls, furniture all play a role

� The larger the volume of absorption material, the lower the sound level

Why are open-plan environments Acoustically Demanding?

Characteristics of open-plan areas:

- Large floor area

- High ceilings

- Limited wall area

Modern architecture favors:

- Steel

- Glass

MAXIMISE SOUND ABSORPTION

© REHAU

- Glass

- Concrete

The result…

� Limited absorption area

� Sound reflection

� Long reverberation time

� POOR ROOM

ACOUSTICS

Designing a room for Maximum Acoustic Comfort

Room without sound absorption

Sound insulation


© REHAU

Sound insulation

Room with sound absorption through furniture, ceiling, wall and floor elements � A Holistic Approach

Sound insulation

CEILING

WALLS

Designing a room for Maximum Acoustic Comfort


© REHAU

Sound insulation

FURNITURE

FLOOR

ACOUSTIC SOLUTIONSAcoustic Chilled Ceiling

Acoustics Ceiling - Heating & Cooling

� High cooling performance

� Easy to install

� Flexible ceiling design

� Can be combined with 15mm standard

plasterboard

� Good control response

� Short reaction times

© REHAU

� Short reaction times

� Combines well with partial and full

climate-control systems

ACOUSTIC SOLUTIONSAcoustic Chilled Ceiling

Schallabsorptionen REHAU Akustikheiz-/-kühldecke

(Hallkabinenmessung)

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

Sac

hh

abso

rptio

n α

s

6/18 R

8/18 R

8/18 Q

The sound absorption measurement depends on the hole pattern (Reason: open hole proportion*)

Hole 6/18 Rregular round hole

* 15.5%

* 8.7 %

So

un

d a

bso

rpti

on

co

efic

ien

t

© REHAU

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

Frequenz [Hz]

Sac

hh

abso

rptio

n α

s

Hole 8/18 Rregular square hole

Hole 8/18 Rregular round hole

* 19.8 %

So

un

d a

bso

rpti

on

co

efic

ien

t

Frequency [Hz]

Sound absorption trend

� Sound absorption rate

αw = 0.8 (Class B)

� Acoustic active 12 mm (Cabinet

SOUND ABSORBTIONOn the Furniture Front

© REHAU

with folders)

� Acoustic active 12 mm (Cabinet

without folders)

Fre

qu

ency

[Hz]

ACOUSTIC SOLUTIONSWORKS SCREEN

Sound absorption trend

� WORKS split screen

αw = 0.75 (Class C)

� WORKS lift screen

αw =0.85 (Class B)

� WORKS fixed screen / partition

Sound absorption coeficient

© REHAU

� WORKS fixed screen / partition

αw = 0.80 (Class B)

ACOUSTIC SOLUTIONSCarpets & other fixture & fittings

High frequencies

Porous absorber

�E.g.: Textiles, non-woven material, carpet, foam, mineral wool,

cotton, acoustic plaster

�Sound (energy) is turned into thermal energy

�By slowing down the air particles (friction)

(Micro) perforated absorber

�E.g.: Perforated board with lots of small holes

�Sound (energy) is turned into thermal energy

�Friction loss of air in the holes

© REHAU

Construction

Automotive

Industry

www.rehau.co.uk

RESOURCESAdditional Information References

•Harris, Cyril M. Noise Control in Buildings: A Guide for Architects and

Engineers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994

•Moser ,Michael Engineering Acoustics An Introduction to Noise Control

Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York 2009

•www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html

© REHAU

•www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html

•www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg362.pdf

•www.ioa.org.uk/ The Institute of Acoustics

•www.robustdetails.com

LEARNING OBJECTIVESNow you should

• Understand the basic Principles of acoustics

• Design Standards relevant to noise control

• Incorporating Sound Reduction measures across a project

© REHAU

Construction

Automotive

Industry

www.rehau.co.uk

Thank You for Your Attention. Any Questions?

acoustics cpd v6 - rehau group · acoustics cpd managing noise in the workplace using structure ......

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