acoustic noise and vibrations of electric · pdf filefocus on electromagnetically-excited nvh...

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ACOUSTIC NOISE AND VIBRATIONS OF ELECTRIC POWERTRAINS

Focus on electromagnetically-excited NVH for automotive applications and EV/HEV

1

LE BESNERAIS Jean

[email protected]

Note: this presentation is based on extracts of EOMYS technical traininghttps://eomys.com/services/article/formations?lang=en

Part 7 Conclusions and references

© EOMYS ENGINEERING 2013- www.eomys.com

CONCLUSIONS

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• ICE vehicles, HEV and EV increasingly contain passive and active electrical systems which are significant sources of high frequency acoustic noise and vibrations

• In HEV/EV electromagnetic forces, mechanical imbalance and aerodynamics are main NVH sources

• Electromagnetic noise & vibrations can be significantly reduced (up to 40dB) when their root cause isidentified and cancelled

• Mitigation of electromagnetic NVH requires both skills in electrical engineering and vibro-acoustics

• Passive components can create noise at fswi or 2fswi depending on topology

• Traction electric motors generally create magnetic noise at LCM(Zs,2p)fR=ZsfR in PMSM (stator slot passing frequency) and at ZrfR (rotor slot passing frequency) for SCIM

• Magnetic noise of PMSM is generally controlled by pulsating force waves (r=0), whereas SCIM magneticforce wave may include other even wavenumbers (r=2, 4)

• More complex excitations occur in real machines due to uneven airgap and eccentricities

© EOMYS ENGINEERING 2013- www.eomys.com 3

• Electromagnetic and vibro-acoustic simulation is advised at early design electromagnetic stage of electrical systems

• Numerical simulation can help during- basic electromagnetic design of electric motors- detailed NVH design of electric powertrain- after manufacturing for NVH test interpretations and noise diagnosis

• Fully numerical study of electrical NVH is not straight forward and time consuming

• Semi-analytical models can be used in early electromagnetic design phase, to better understand the physics and catch the trends (e.g. NVH impact of tolerances) -> use of MANATEE software

• Detailed experimental characterization is advised step by step during manufacturing process

• Experiments reproducibility should be carefully assessed

• Psychoacoustics of electromagnetically-excited NVH has to be further evaluated (roughness of PWM, loudness of pole/slot excitation): what is a pleasant electrical noise? How does a high quality or powerful electric motor sound like?


• Resources:

- EOMYS website (currently 3 online webinars + publications) at www.eomys.com

- MANATEE software trial version at www.manatee-software.com

- EOMYS newsletter https://eomys.com/actualites/newsletter/?lang=en

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http://www.manatee-software.com/

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Thank you for your attention

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InterNoise 2014Behaviour

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Abbreviations Description

AC Alternative Current

BEV Battery powered Electric Vehicles

BPMSM Buried Permanent Magnet Machine

DC Direct Current

EMA Experimental Modal Analysis

ESS Energy Storage System

EV Electric Vehicle

GCD Greatest Common Divider

HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicle

HF High Frequency

ICE(V) Internal Combustion Engine (Vehicle)

IM Induction Machine

IPMSM Inset Permanent Magnet Machine

LCM Least Common Multiple

NVH Noise Vibration Harshness

ODS Operational Deflection Shape


Abbreviations Description

PM Permant Magnet

PWM Pulse Width Modulation

SCIM Squirrel Cage Induction Machine

SPMSM Surface Permanent Magnet Machine

SM Synchronous Machine

SPL Sound Pressure Level

SRM Switched Reluctance Machines

SWL Sound Power Level

SyRM SynchroReluctant Machines

THD Total Harmonic Distortion

UMP Unbalanced Magnetic Pull

VPI Vaccum Pressure Impregnation


Symbols Description

B Magnetic flux density

f Electrical frequency of a wave

fc or fswi PWM carrier frequency / switching frequency / chopping frequency

fR Rotor mechanical frequency

fs Fundamental stator current frequency

ks, kr Ranks of slotting permeance harmonics (0 for average permeance)

H Magnetic field

hs, hr Ranks of stator / rotor mmf harmonics (0 for fundamental)

Mc GCD (Zs,2p)

Nc LCM(Zs,2p)

p Number of pole pairs (2p=poles number)

qs Number of phases

r Wavenumber

Zr Number of rotor slots

Zs Number of stator slots


Greek symbols Description

𝛼s Angle along the airgap

𝜈s,r Stator / rotor mmf space harmonics (p for fundamental)

𝜇 Symbol for +1 or -1 arising from wave multiplication

𝜎 Maxwell stress [N/m2]


stator yoke

stator tooth

stator slotrotor slots

rotor teeth

airgap

stator outer diameter

stator inner diameter / bore diameter

rotor yoke

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