acids lesson 4 acid and base reactions. conductivity the conductivity of an acid is determined by...
TRANSCRIPT
Conductivity The conductivity of an acid is determined by the number of ions generated in a solution and is therefore a combination of both the strength and concentration of the acid. 1.0 M HCl is a better conductor than 0.10 M HCl 1.0 M HI is a better conductor than 1.0 M HF. 1.0 M HF has the same conductivity as 0.02 M HCl. The same is true for a base. 0.004 M NaOH has the same conductivity as 1.0 M NH3
Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
PO43-
Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
PO43- Base can gain H+, cannot lose H+
HPO42-
Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
PO43- Base can gain H+, cannot lose H+
HPO42- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+
H2PO4-
Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
PO43- Base can gain H+, cannot lose H+
HPO42- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+
H2PO4- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+
H3PO4
Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
PO43- Base can gain H+, cannot lose H+
HPO42- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+
H2PO4- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+
H3PO4 Acid cannot gain H+, can lose H+
Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
CO32-
Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
CO32- Base
HCO3-
Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
CO32- Base
HCO3- Amphiprotic
H2CO3
Amphiprotic Chemical Species
Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base.
Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic
CO32- Base
HCO3- Amphiprotic
H2CO3 Acid
In Chemistry 11 H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + 2HOH(l)
2H+ + SO4
2- + 2K+ + 2OH- 2K+ + SO42- + 2HOH(l)
H+ + OH- HOH(l)
Use an arrow if you have a strong acid or a strong base!
Strong acids, strong bases, and soluble salts are ionized!
In Chemistry 12
H2C2O4 + 2KOH K2C2O4+ 2HOH(l)
H2C2O4+ 2K+ + 2OH- 2K+ + C2O4
2- + 2HOH(l)
H2C2O4+ 2OH- C2O4
2- + 2HOH(l)
The weak acid or base does not dissociate!
Break up strong acids, strong bases, and soluble salts!
Conductivity
Good Conductors Strong Acids Strong Bases Soluble Salts
HCl NaOH KCl
Weak Conductors Weak Acids Weak Bases Low Solubility Salts
HF Zn(OH)2 AgCl
Nonconductors Molecular covalent
C12H22O11
In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4
- + HCO3- ⇋
In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4
- + HCO3- ⇋
Look up the two amphiprotic ions on the left side of the acid chart. The higher one is the stronger acid and will be the acid and donate a proton to the base.
In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4
- + HCO3- ⇋
Acid Base
Look up the two amphiprotic ions on the left side of the acid chart. The higher one is the stronger acid and will be the acid and donate a proton to the base.
H+
In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4
- + HCO3- ⇋ C2O4
2- + H2CO3
Acid Base
In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4
- + HCO3- ⇋ C2O4
2- + H2CO3
Acid Base
Label the acid and base on the other side of the equation. You do this by considering which species will donate the proton in the reverse reaction.
In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4
- + HCO3- ⇋ C2O4
2- + H2CO3
Acid Base
Label the acid and base on the other side of the equation. You do this by considering which species will donate the proton in the reverse reaction.
H+
In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4
- + HCO3- ⇋ C2O4
2- + H2CO3
Acid Base Base Acid
H+
In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4
- + HCO3- ⇋ C2O4
2- + H2CO3
Acid Base Base Acid
Now compare the acid on the left HC2O4- to the acid on the right H2CO3.
HC2O4- is the stronger acid and more successfully donates its proton to
favour the formation of products. This means there are more products than reactants at equilibrium.When you find the stronger acid, the other side is always favoured.
In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4
- + HCO3- ⇋ C2O4
2- + H2CO3
Acid Base Base Acid
Stronger acidProducts are favoured!
⇋