acids and bases . properties electrolytes turn litmus red sour taste react with metals to form h...
TRANSCRIPT
PropertiesProperties
electrolytes electrolytes
turn litmus red
sour taste
react with metals to form H2 gas
slippery feel
turn litmus blue
bitter taste
ChemASAP
vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits
ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda
Acids are Proton (H+ ion) DonorsAcids are Proton (H+ ion) Donors
Strong acids are assumed to be 100% ionized in solution (good H+ donors).
Weak acids are usually less than 5% ionized in solution (poor H+ donors).
HCl
H2SO4 HNO3
H3PO4 HC2H3O2Organic acids
Acids Acids Have a Have a pH less pH less than 7than 7
Acids Acids Have a Have a pH less pH less than 7than 7
Acids Taste SourAcids Taste SourAcids Taste SourAcids Taste Sour
Citric acid in citrus fruitCitric acid in citrus fruit Malic acid in sour applesMalic acid in sour apples Lactic acid in sour milk and Lactic acid in sour milk and
sore musclessore muscles
Butyric acid in rancid butterButyric acid in rancid butter
Organic acids are weak acids. Some Organic acids are weak acids. Some are used as flavoring agents in food.are used as flavoring agents in food.
Acids Acids Effect Effect
IndicatorsIndicators
Acids Acids Effect Effect
IndicatorsIndicators
Blue litmus paper turns red in contact with an acid.
Methyl orange turns red with addition of an acid
Acids React with Active MetalsAcids React with Active MetalsAcids React with Active MetalsAcids React with Active Metals
Acids react with active metals to Acids react with active metals to form salts and hydrogen gas.form salts and hydrogen gas.
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2(g)Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2(g)
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2(g)
Acids Acids React withReact with CarbonatesCarbonatesAcids Acids React withReact with CarbonatesCarbonates
2HC2H3O2 + Na2CO3
2 NaC2H3O2 + H2O + CO2
Effects of Acid Rain on MarbleEffects of Acid Rain on Marble((calcium carbonate)calcium carbonate)
Effects of Acid Rain on MarbleEffects of Acid Rain on Marble((calcium carbonate)calcium carbonate)
George Washington:BEFORE
George Washington:AFTER
Acids Neutralize BasesAcids Neutralize BasesAcids Neutralize BasesAcids Neutralize Bases
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Neutralization reactions ALWAYS produce a salt and water.
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O2HNO3 + Mg(OH)2 Mg(NO3)2 +
2H2O
OH- (hydroxide) in base combines with H+ in acids to form water
HH++ ++ OHOH-- HH22OO
DefinitionsDefinitions
Brønsted-LowryBrønsted-Lowry
HCl + H2O Cl– + H3O+
•AcidsAcids are proton (H+) donors.
•BasesBases are proton (H+) acceptors.
conjugate acidconjugate base
baseacid
DefinitionsDefinitions
Amphoteric - can be an acid or a base. - can be an acid or a base.
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-
CA CBB A
DefinitionsDefinitions
F -
H2PO4-
H2O
HF
H3PO4
H3O+
Give the conjugate base for each of the following:
• (these are acids)
DefinitionsDefinitions
Br -
HSO4-
CO32-
HBr
H2SO4
HCO3-
Give the conjugate acid for each of the following:
• (these are bases-accept protons)
Acid/Base DefinitionsAcid/Base Definitions
TypeType AcidAcid BaseBase
Bronsted-Lowry
H+ donor H+ acceptor
Properties of BasesProperties of BasesProperties of BasesProperties of Bases
Bases are proton (hydrogen ion, H+) acceptors Bases have a pH greater than 7 Bases taste bitter Effects on indicators-
Red litmus turns blue Phenolphthalein turns purple
Solutions of bases feel slippery Bases neutralize acids
Bases are Proton (HBases are Proton (H++ ion) ion) AcceptorsAcceptors
Bases are Proton (HBases are Proton (H++ ion) ion) AcceptorsAcceptors
Sodium hydroxide (Sodium hydroxide (lyelye),), NaOHNaOH Potassium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide, KOHKOH Magnesium hydroxide,Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)Mg(OH)22
Calcium hydroxide (Calcium hydroxide (limelime),), Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22
Bases Bases have a have a
pH pH greater greater than 7than 7
Bases Bases have a have a
pH pH greater greater than 7than 7
Bases Effect Bases Effect IndicatorsIndicators
Bases Effect Bases Effect IndicatorsIndicators
Red litmus paper turns blue in contact with a base.
Phenolphthalein turns bright pink in a base.