acids and bases sections 8.3 and 8.4. acids a acid is a compound that produces hydronium (h 3 o + )...

9

ACIDS AND BASES Sections 8.3 and 8.4

Upload: samantha-gibson

Post on 13-Jan-2016

216 views

Category:

Documents

0 download

Report

Download

Embed Size (px):

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: ACIDS AND BASES Sections 8.3 and 8.4. Acids A acid is a compound that produces hydronium (H 3 O + ) ions when dissolved in water. Examples: HCl – hydrochloric

ACIDS AND BASES

Sections 8.3 and 8.4

Page 2: ACIDS AND BASES Sections 8.3 and 8.4. Acids A acid is a compound that produces hydronium (H 3 O + ) ions when dissolved in water. Examples: HCl – hydrochloric

Acids

A acid is a compound that produces hydronium (H3O+) ions when dissolved in water.

Examples:HCl – hydrochloric acid

HNO3 – nitric acid

H2SO4 – sulfuric acid

(Notice the hydrogen in the front)

Page 3: ACIDS AND BASES Sections 8.3 and 8.4. Acids A acid is a compound that produces hydronium (H 3 O + ) ions when dissolved in water. Examples: HCl – hydrochloric

Properties of acidsTASTE SOUR

Things like lemons and oranges, taste sour because they contain acids. Do not test solutions by taste.

REACTIVE WITH METALSA metal changes color when exposed to a substance or bubbles form in a acid when a metal is placed in it.

CHANGE COLORS IN INDICATORSAn indicator is a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or a baseOne type of indicator is Litmus paper. Litmus is a dye made from plants.Blue litmus turns red in the presence of an acid.Red Litmus stays red in the presence of an acid.

Page 4: ACIDS AND BASES Sections 8.3 and 8.4. Acids A acid is a compound that produces hydronium (H 3 O + ) ions when dissolved in water. Examples: HCl – hydrochloric

BASES

A BASE is a compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions when dissolved in water

Examples:NaOH – sodium hydroxide

Mg(OH)2 – magnesium hydroxide

Ca(OH)2 – calcium hydroxide

Notice the (OH) in each.

Page 5: ACIDS AND BASES Sections 8.3 and 8.4. Acids A acid is a compound that produces hydronium (H 3 O + ) ions when dissolved in water. Examples: HCl – hydrochloric

PROPERTIES OF BASESBITTER TASTE

Cough syrup has a base. Unsweetened (cooking) chocolate has a base in it to make it taste bitter.Again don’t test unknown substances by taste.

SLIPPERY FEELThink about soap when it gets wet.

CHANGES COLORS IN INDICATORS

Bases turn red litmus paper blue. Blue litmus stays blue.Phenolphthalein is another acid and base indicator. It turns red in base and stays clear in an acid.

Page 6: ACIDS AND BASES Sections 8.3 and 8.4. Acids A acid is a compound that produces hydronium (H 3 O + ) ions when dissolved in water. Examples: HCl – hydrochloric

ACID-BASE REACTIONS

A reaction between an acid and a base is called NEUTRALIZATION.

The reactants are an acid and a base.The products are water and a salt (contains a halogen)

An acid loses its hydrogen ion and is called a proton donor (b/c H+).A base loses its (OH) and is a proton acceptor (b/c OH -)

Page 7: ACIDS AND BASES Sections 8.3 and 8.4. Acids A acid is a compound that produces hydronium (H 3 O + ) ions when dissolved in water. Examples: HCl – hydrochloric

pH Scale

The pH is the measure of Hydronium ions in a substance

Ranges from 0-14

Low pH (0-6.99) is acidic.

High pH (7.01 -14) is basic

7 is neutral

Page 8: ACIDS AND BASES Sections 8.3 and 8.4. Acids A acid is a compound that produces hydronium (H 3 O + ) ions when dissolved in water. Examples: HCl – hydrochloric

Buffers and electrolytes

A Buffer is a solution that doesn’t allow big changes in pH.

Made from weak acids and weak bases.

An electrolyte is a substance that ionizes or separates into ions when it dissolves in water.

Made from strong acids or bases. Found in sports drinks

Page 9: ACIDS AND BASES Sections 8.3 and 8.4. Acids A acid is a compound that produces hydronium (H 3 O + ) ions when dissolved in water. Examples: HCl – hydrochloric

Strong and weak acids, bases

Strong acids dissolved in water, ionize almost completely.

Ph is low.

Strong bases dissolved in water, dissociate almost completely.

Ph is high.

Weak acids and bases ionize or dissociate slightly in water.

Ph is near neutral.

Hard-Soft Acid-Base Theory. Definitions Arrhenius acids form hydronium ions in water, and bases form hydroxide ions. This definition assumes that water

Acids and Bases - Mr. Sprolesmrsproles.weebly.com › ... › student_ch_17_acidsbases.pdf6 Some Properties of Acids Produce H+ (as H 3 O +) ions in water (the hydronium ion is a hydrogen

1 Acids and Bases What’s an Acid? –Acids called “Sauerstoff” in German –Biting or tart taste (lemons, Limes, vinegar) –Surplus of hydrogen (hydronium)

Acids and Bases in all Different Places. I. Properties of Acids A. Molecular substances which ionize when added to water to form hydronium (H 3 O +1 )

Acids and Bases. Acids “ A substance that can dissolve in water form hydronium ions (H 3 O + )” Hydrogen is found in all acids Can be solid, liquid or

Chapter 9 Acids & Bases. Acids donate protons to water to form hydronium ions taste sour turn cabbage juice red turn litmus paper red neutralize bases

Unit 9 Notes Acids, Bases, and Salts. Acids An acid is a substance that produces Hydrogen ion H + or hydronium H 3 O + in solution

Unit 15 - images.pcmac.orgimages.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/MN/DetroitLakes/DLHighSchool/… · Unit 15 Acids & Bases . Common Acids & Bases to Memorize Acids Hydrochloric Acid HCl

ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS · Acid + Base Salt + Water Acid + Metal Salt + Hydrogen Acid + Carbonate Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide Hydrochloric acids (HCl) form CHLORIDE salts Nitric

Hydronium Ion Batteries Hydronium Ion Batteries ......Hydronium Ion Batteries:ASustainable Energy Storage Solution Yun-hai Zhu, Xu Yang,and Xin-bo Zhang* energy storage ·hydronium

Acids, Bases and Salts. Naming Acids Names of binary acids (two atoms) have the form:hydro-…ic acid. Ex: HF is hydrofluoric acid HCl is hydrochloric

Acids and Bases Integrated Science. Four Acids Hydrochloric Acid – HCl Sulfuric Acid – H 2 SO 4 Nitric Acid – HNO 3 Phosphoric Acid – H 3 PO 4

Chapter 15 Acids and Bases. Some Properties of Acids þ Produce H + (as H 3 O + ) ions in water (the hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a water

Operational Definitions (properties) A. Electrolytes Strong acids: completely dissociate into ions (hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric, hydrobromic,

Unit 10- Acids and Bases Acidity Alkalinity Arrhenius acid Arrhenius base Bronsted-Lowry acid Bronsted-Lowry base Buffer Electrolyte Hydrogen ion Hydronium

Aqueous Reactions Acids There are only seven strong acids: Hydrochloric (HCl) Hydrobromic (HBr) Hydroiodic (HI) Nitric (HNO 3 ) Sulfuric (H 2 SO 4 ) Chloric

sciencewithgobolos.weebly.comsciencewithgobolos.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/8/3/10838626/ch12__-_… · Acids, Bases, and Salts To determine how hydronium ions are formed. To investigate

application.wiley-vch.de€¦ · 1 a abbreviations Sodium Hydroxide 1/172 abrasion Hydrochloric Acid 2/197, 261, 264 Mixed Acids 1/258, 301, 331, 379 abrasionbehavior Mixed Acids

Acids Substances that donate hydrogen ions (H + ) to water to form H 3 O + Called the hydronium ion Examples of Acids HCl hydrochloric acid used

Acids, Bases and Salts - DronStudy.com · Acids, Bases and Salts Acids - Acids are compounds which give hydrogen ion in water solution. For example, Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulphuric

Acids and Bases pH, Titration, and Indicators. pH VIII. pH (power of hydrogen or hydronium) - measurement of hydronium concentration A. pH = -log [H 3

pH and acids - Science Curriculum Office welcomes you to ... · 4 Unit 4: pH and acids The hydronium ion, H 3O+, is sometimes abbreviated H+ and referred to as the hydrogen ion

Acids and Bases. Naming Acids Binary Acids (contains H & 1 other element) Hydro- and –ic if anion does not contain oxygen HCl-hydrochloric acid Oxyacids

IB QUESTIONS - ACIDS AND BASES - Chemistrycdochemistrychristman.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/79580618/Study Guide...IB QUESTIONS - ACIDS AND BASES 1. Which statement about hydrochloric

Solutions, Acids, and Bases Chapter 8. What Are Acids? acid - a compound that dissolves in water to increase the number of hydronium ions, H 3 O +, in

Acids, Bases, and pH. Acids and Bases Acids produce H + ions which react with water to form hydronium (H 3 O + ) ions Bases produce OH - ions

Acids Arrhenius Model Produce hydrogen ions aqueous solution. HCl H + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Acids you SHOULD know: Acids you SHOULD know: Strong Acids Hydrochloric

Chapter 5: Acids and Bases. ACIDS Most acids are recognized because their formulas begin with H. Eg. H 2 SO 4 (sulphuric acid), HCl (aq) (hydrochloric

Acids and Bases Chapter 23. Common Acids and NameFormulaStrong/WeakWhere is it found? Hydrochloric acidHClStrongThe stomach, in the lab. Sulphuric acidH

Acids and Bases Part 2. Classifying Acids and Bases Arrhenius Acid ◦ Increases hydrogen ions (H + ) in water ◦ Creates H 3 O + (hydronium) Base ◦ Increases

Chapter 8.1 & 8.2: Acids and Bases What are acids: – any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) when dissolved in water. Hydronium

Ch 14. Acids and Bases - Laney College...List of Common Acids and Bases Strong Acids HCl hydrochloric acid HBr hydrobromic acid HI hydroiodic acid HNO 3 nitric acid H 2 SO 4 sulfuric

Acids and Bases. Recall Acids are compounds that start with hydrogen (H + ) –HCl (hydrochloric acid) –H 2 SO 4 (sulfuric acid) Bases are compounds that

NATURE OF ACIDS & BASES - profpaz.comprofpaz.com/Files/chem102/Chap_16.pdf · Chemistry 102 Chapter 16 2 NATURE OF ACIDS & BASES ... 23 For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) is classified

CHAPTER 8 ACIDS & BASES. IDENTIFYING ACIDS A. IDENTIFYING ACIDS A. AN ACID IS A COMPOUND THAT PRODUCES HYDRONIUM IONS (H 3 O + ) WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER