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C HAPTER 7Reporter: JULIET A. ORIGENESBEE-II

*Acid Rain*Antacids*Acids and Bases in Industry and Us*Acids and Bases in Health and Disease

C HAPTER 7

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to learn:What is acid rain and its effects on the environment and the human beingWhat are antacids and its benefit and effects on human healthWhat are the role of acids and bases in industry, in us, health and disease.

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ACID RAIN

Rain with a pH below 5.6 is called acid rain.

Acid rain is due to acidic pollutants in the air.

Some acid rain is due to natural pollutants.

Nitrogen oxidesNitric acid

Sulfur oxidesSulfuric acid

Acid rain is an important environmental problem that involves air pollution and water pollution.

ANTACIDS : A BASIC REMEDY

The stomach secretes hydrochloric acid to aid in the digestion of food. Thus, emotional stress leads to hyperacidity.

Antacids are bases.Common ingredients are sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) known as baking soda is one of the earliest antacids.

H2CO3(aq) CO2(g)+H2O(1)

Overuse of baking soda can cause alkalosis

Antacids that contain sodium ion are not recommended for people with hypertension.Calcium carbonate(CaCo3) and Aluminum hydroxide is safe in small amounts , but regular use can cause constipation.

Why doesnt Stomach Acid dissolve the stomach?Gastric juice is found in the stomach.The stomach is protected by a layer of mucus, mucin and other substances in water.

Can stomach acids cause ulcers?Stomach acids only play a minor role in ulcer formation.Ulcers develop as a result of infection with a bacterium called Helicobacter Pylori.

Acids and Bases in Industry And Home

Sulfuric acid40 billion kg. produced each year in U.S. and about 190 billion kg annually around the world.Use as fertilizers and automobile batteries.

Hydrochloric acidINDUSTRYRemove rust from metalCONSTRUCTIONRemove excess mortar from bricks and etch concrete for painting.HOMERemove lime deposits from fixtures and toilet bowls.-known as muriatic acid

Lime (caO)The cheapest and most widely known and used commercial base. Made by heating limestone ( CaCO3) to drive off CO2.CaCO3(s) + heat CaO(s) + CO2(g)

Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime)Formed by adding water to calcium oxide (lime)Use to make mortar and cement.

Sodium hydroxide (lye)Oven cleaner (Easy off)Open clogged drains (Drano)Commercial and homemade soaps.

AmmoniaAnnual U.S. production is 11 billion kg.Used as fertilizersUsed at home for a variety of cleaning products.

Acids and BASes IN Health And Disease

Acids when misused can damage human health.Sulfuric acid is a powerful dehydrating acid that can react with water in the cells.

Strong acids and bases break down the protein molecules in living cells.

Acids and bases affect human health.If acidity of blood changes too much, the blood loses its capacity to carry out oxygen.If the pH changes too much, the proteins cant carry out their usual functions.

QUIZ1. Which of the following is a precursor to acid rain?b. Ozonea. Carbon Dioxidec. Carbon Monoxided. Sulfur Dioxide

2. Which of the following is a possible pH of acid rain?c. 7.4a. 4.2b. 7.0d. 9.0

3. When a person with excess stomach acid takes an antacid, the pH of the persons stomach changesc. From a low value to an even lower valuea. From a low value to value nearer 7.b. From 7 to a much higher value.d. From a high value to a lower value

4. The leading chemical product of U.S. industry is?c. Limea. Ammoniab. Pesticided. Sulfuric acid

5.The acid used in the automobile storage battery is?c. Nitric acida. Citric acidb. Hydrochloric Acidd. Sulfuric Acid

6. Known as a basic remedy for hyperacidity.c. Antacidsa. Citric acidb. Hydrochloric Acidd. Sulfuric Acid

7. A condition which results to the overuse of sodium bicarbonate.c. alkalosisa. alkalinisitisb. Hyperacidityd. Acidity

8. It is a n old name for hydrochloric acidc. Antacidsa. Citric acidb. muriatic Acidd. Sulfuric Acid

9. It is the cheapest and most widely used commercial base.c. Antacidsa. Limeb. Limestoned. Sulfuric Acid

10. It is known as lye and is a strong base most often used at home.c. Antacidsa. Sodium Hydroxideb. Limestoned. Sulfuric Acid

answers

QUIZ1. Which of the following is a precursor to acid rain?b. Ozonea. Carbon Dioxidec. Carbon Monoxided. Sulfur Dioxide

2. Which of the following is a possible pH of acid rain?c. 7.4a. 4.2b. 7.0d. 9.0

3. When a person with excess stomach acid takes an antacid, the pH of the persons stomach changesc. From a low value to an even lower valuea. From a low value to value nearer 7.b. From 7 to a much higher value.d. From a high value to a lower value

4. The leading chemical product of U.S. industry is?c. Limea. Ammoniab. Pesticided. Sulfuric acid

5.The acid used in the automobile storage battery is?c. Nitric acida. Citric acidb. Hydrochloric Acidd. Sulfuric Acid

6. Known as a basic remedy for hyperacidity.c. Antacidsa. Citric acidb. Hydrochloric Acidd. Sulfuric Acid

7. A condition which results to the overuse of sodium bicarbonate.c. alkalosisa. alkalinisitisb. Hyperacidityd. Acidity

8. It is a n old name for hydrochloric acidc. Antacidsa. Citric acidb. muriatic Acidd. Sulfuric Acid

9. It is the cheapest and most widely used commercial base.c. Antacidsa. Limeb. Limestoned. Sulfuric Acid

10. It is known as lye and is a strong base most often used at home.c. Antacidsa. Sodium Hydroxideb. Limestoned. Sulfuric Acid