acids and bases. acid: a compound that when written, generally has hydrogen written first produces...
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Chapter 8Acids and Bases
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Acid:A compound that when written, generally has
hydrogen written firstProduces hydronium ions (H3O+) when
dissolved in water
Properties of Acids and Bases
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Properties:1. Sour taste2. Corrosive (example car battery)3. Turns litmus paper red (litmus paper is as
indicator of an acid or base)
Acids
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1. Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) Most widely used chemical in the world Used in car batteries Dehydrating agent, removes water
2. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Cleaning agent
3. Phosphoric Acid H3PO4
Fertilizers Detergents
Common Acids and Their Uses
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4. Nitric Acid HNO3
Explosives Fertilizers
5. Carbonic Acid H2CO3
Carbonated beverages, ex. soda
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Generally contains the polyatomic hydroxideA compound that produces hydroxide ions
(OH-) when dissolved in water
PropertiesBitter tasteSlippery feelCorrosive (example drain cleaner)Turns Litmus paper blue
Bases
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1. Ammonia NH3
Cleaners, fertilizers Irritates nasal passages
2. Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2
Leather production
3. Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Soap making Drain cleaner
Common Bases and Their Uses
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The reaction which involves an acid and a bases is called neutralization
When they combine they produce a salt – a neutral compound
Reactions with Acids and Bases
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Acid and Bases ionize, this means they break apart into ions
Acids – produce the hydronium ion (H3O+) when they break apart (proton donor)
Ex.
Donor vs. Acceptor
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Bases: produce the hydroxide ion (OH-) when they break apart (proton acceptor)
Ex.
Bases
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Strong: Completely breaks apart or dissolves in water
Weak: only partly ionize in solutionStrong and weak refer to how easy an acid or
base forms a solutionStrong acids and bases are also know as
electrolytes because they dissociate or ionize when placed in water
Strong vs. Weak
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Measures concentrationThe scale is from 0 to 14Below seven is an acidAbove seven is a baseThe lower the pH, the stronger the acidThe higher the pH, the stronger the base.
0 7 14Acids Bases
Neutral
pH Scale