acidic,salic, and alkali soils
TRANSCRIPT
Name: manzoor nabiCourse: forestryRoll no: 04
Acidic,Salic,
AndAlkali Soils
MEWARUNIVERSITY
Define soil acidity?• Soil acidity may be defined as the soil
system`s proton(H ions) donating capacity
during its transition from a given state to a
reference state.
• Soil acidity involves intensity and quantity
aspects.The intensity aspect is universally
characterised by the measurements of H
ion activity,expressed as pH. Soil acidity is a
major problem in relation to plant growth
and therefore, acid soils are called a
problem soil
Characteristics of acid soils?1.The pH is low,high exchangeable H and Al,
low CECand high base unsaturated are the
characteristics of acid soils .
2.Adverse effect is due to toxic concentration
of Al,Mn and Fe and deficiency of Ca and Mg
3.Acid soils are low in available P and have
high P fixing capacity
4.Available micronutrients status is adequate
except molybdenum .
5.Population of bacteria and actinomycetes is
lower and those of fungi higher.
Define saline soil?
Saline soil may be defined as a soil having a
conductivity of the saturation extract greater
than 4dS/m (0.4S/m or 4mmhos/cm) and
abn exchangable sodium percentage (ESP)
less thann 15. The pH is usually less than 8.5.
Formerly these4 soils were called white
alkali soils because of surface crust of white
salts.
Characteristics of saline soils:Saline soils contain neutral soluble salts of
chlorides and sulfates of sodium, calcium magnesium .
The electrical conductivity of saturated extract of the soil is more than 4dS/m
ESP is less than 15 and pH is less than 8.5.Because of the presence of excess salts and low amount of Na, these soils are in a flocculated state and their permeability is higher than alkali soils.
Their physical conditionis good and water can pass through them .
These soils have a white crust of salts on their surface.
Define alkali soil?Alkali or sodic soil is defined as a soil having
a conductivity of the saturation extract less
than 4dS/m (0.4S/m or 4mmhos/cm) and an
exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)
greater than 15.The pH is usually between
8.5-10.0.Formerly these soils were called
black alkali soils and the soil is called solod,
soloth or degraded alkali or sodic soil
Characteristics of alkali or sodic
soils?
Most of the Na is in exchangeable form
EC of saturated extract is less than 4dS/m.
ESP is more than 15and pH more than 8.5.
Such soils are not in a good physical condition and the surface of these soils is sometimes black due to dispersion of organic matter and humus .
Such soils if ploughed when wet , turn into slick furrow slice referred to as slick spots.
Define saline-alkali soil?Saline-alkali soil is defined as a soil having
a conductivity of the saturation extract greater than 4dS/m (0.4S/m or 4mmhos/cm )and an exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) greater than 15.The pH is variable and usually above 8.5 depending on the relative amount of exchangeable sodium and solube salts .When soils dominated by exchangeable sodium, the pH will be more than 8.5 and soils dominated by solubesalts, the pH will be less than 8.5.
Characteristics of saline-alkali soils?
These soils have both soluble salts and
exchangeable sodium.
The soils reaction becomes strongly alkaline
because of hydrolysis of exchangeable sodium
.
The physical condition of the soil is deteriorated.
The EC of saturated extract is more than
4dS/m,ESPis more than 15 and PH is around8.5.
They are transitional soils that they may be
converted into saline or into sodic soils.
Formation of saline and alkali soils ?1. Weathering of rocks and minerals:-The soluble
salts released during weathering leach down with rain water , but again move upward due to high temperature and accumulate as white crust forming a saline soil.
2. Hydrolysis of sodium saturated exchange complex in the formation of an alkali soil:-Sodium carbonate undergoes hydrolysis to form sodium hydroxide,which dissociates to increase concentrationof hydroxyl ions in soil solution.
Micelle (Na+H2CO3 Micelle)Na+H+Na2CO3
Na2CO3+2H.OH 2 NaOH+H2CO3
2NaOH 2 Na+OH-
Formation of OH results in an increase in pH
3.Salty underground water :-If the ground
water is salty move upward with water and get
deposited when water evaporates
4.Arid and semi arid climate :-The low rainfall
is not sufficient to leach down the soluble
weathered products and hence the salts
accumulate in the soil.
5. Use of basic fertilizer:-Basic fertilizers
like NaNO3 and basic slag may develop
soil alkalinity.
Thank you