acid rain final

7/31/2019 Acid Rain Final

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In the Name of ALLAH, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

A threat to environment


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Acid Rain

Wet Deposition Dry deposition

Causes

Effects Prevention Methods


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Muhammed Nabeel Ashraf

Roll No.25


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Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that isunusually acidic, meaning that it possesses elevated levelsof hydrogen ions (low pH).

once carbon dioxide is removed, has a neutral pH of 7.

Liquids with a pH less than 7 are acidic, and those with a pHgreater than 7 are alkaline.

Clean or unpolluted rain has a slightly acidic pH of over

5.7, because carbon dioxide and water in the air reacttogether to form carbonic acid, but unpolluted rain alsocontains other chemicals.


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A common example is nitric acid produced by electricdischarge in the atmosphere such as lightning.

sulfur dioxide is produced by volcanic eruptions.

The chemicals in acid rain can cause paint to peel,corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and erosion ofstone statues.


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The most important gas which leads to acidification issulfur dioxide. Emissions of nitrogen oxides which are

oxidized to form nitric acid are of increasing importancedue to stricter controls on emissions of sulfur containingcompounds.


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The principal cause of acid rain is sulfur and nitrogencompounds from human sources, such as electricity

generation, factories, and motor vehicles. Coal power plants are one of the most polluting.


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"Acid rain" is a popular term referring to the deposition ofwet (rain, snow, sleet, fog, cloud water, and dew) and dry

(acidifying particles and gases) acidic components.


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Wet deposition of acids occurs when any form ofprecipitation (rain, snow, and so on.) removes acids from

the atmosphere and delivers it to the Earth's surface. This can result from the deposition of acids produced in the

raindrops or by the precipitation removing the acids eitherin clouds or below clouds.


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Acid deposition also occurs via dry deposition in theabsence of precipitation.

This can be responsible for as much as 20 to 60% of totalacid deposition.

This occurs when particles and gases stick to the ground,plants or other surfaces.


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Acid rain causes acidification of lakes and streamsand contributes to the damage of trees and forest

soils. In addition, acid rain accelerates the decay of

building, including irreplaceable buildings, statues

that are part of our cultural heritage. Adverseeffects of acid rain are discussed in next slides:


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The effects of acid rain are most clearly seen in the aquaticenvironments such as streams, lakes, rivers. Acid rain flowsinto streams, lakes after falling on forests, fields, buildings,and roads. Aquatic organisms are acid-sensitive and will belost as the pH declines. The young of most species are moresensitive to environmental conditions than adults. The lowerpH can cause damage to fish and other aquatic animals. Atlower most fish eggs will not hatch and lower pHs can killadult fish.


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PH value Effect

< 6 Basic forms of foods e.g. mayflies,stoneflies die. Source of food for fish.


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The soil has abundant amount of various minerals suchas calcium and potassium. When these metals come in

contact with acid rain there can be some harmfulchemical reactions, which can lead to soil erosion. Acid

rains are known to reduce the fertility of the soil,

leaving the land barren. Harmful acids can also reduce

the amount of soil micro organisms which perform

important job of breaking down the dead and decayed

plants and other beings.


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Acid rain effects plants and trees directly and indirectly.When the acidic water dissolves the nutrients and helpfulminerals in the soil and then washes them away beforetrees and other plants can use them to grow. At the sametime, acid rain causes the release of substances that are

harmful to trees and plants, such as aluminum, into the soil.The combination of loss of soil nutrients and increase ofaluminum may be one way that acid rain harms trees andplants. More, Acid rain is known to damage the leaves of

the plants, which affects the photosynthesis process.


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Acid rain has direct and also indirect effect on humanhealth. If acid rain is absorbed by the plants and animalsthat that we use for food, when we eat them it can causebrain damage and kidney problems. The particulatesresponsible for acid rain (sulfur dioxide and nitrogenoxides) do have an adverse effect. Increased amounts offine particulate matter in the air can cause heart and lungproblems including asthma. Also, physical contact with

acid rain, either as droplets falling from the sky or fromswimming in an acidic lake, has a direct impact on thehealth of humans.


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If we want to put a decrease to acid rain, we must dotheir part in helping in the prevention of it.


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Reduce air pollution by increasing energy efficiency.

Reduce coal use and increase the use of natural gas and

renewable resources.

If the need to burn coal is still necessary then the use a

low-sulfur coal. Removing of sulphur dioxide particulates, as well as

nitrogen oxides, from the smokestack gases from

industrial plants.

In the area of transportation, nitrogen oxides needs tobe removed from motor vehicles exhaust. Use CNGgases.


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THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME

acid rain final

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