acid rain by: dominique gomez, elaina matsko, and teshia tucker

Acid RainAcid Rain

BY:

Dominique Gomez,

Elaina Matsko,

and

Teshia Tucker

Jeopardy Jeopardy What is Acid Rain?

Effects of Acid Rain

Distribution of Water on Earth

Ways to Save and Recycle Water

Sources of NOx and

SOx

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Sources of NOSources of NOxx and SO and SO

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The primary pollutant nitric The primary pollutant nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to oxide reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide, a produce nitrogen dioxide, a secondary pollutant, and is secondary pollutant, and is

often than converted to this, a often than converted to this, a strong acid. strong acid.

What is HNOWhat is HNO3





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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200 200 200 200 200

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What is Acid Rain?What is Acid Rain?

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Extreme acid rain, that Extreme acid rain, that of pH level 1.7 was of pH level 1.7 was

once recorded in this once recorded in this U.S. city in this year. U.S. city in this year.

What is Los Angeles in What is Los Angeles in 1982 1982





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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The combustion of The combustion of this substance, which this substance, which

contains up to 7% contains up to 7% sulfur, produces sulfur, produces sulfur dioxide.sulfur dioxide.

CoalCoal

S S (s)(s) + O + O2 (g)2 (g) SO SO2 (g)2 (g)





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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200 200 200 200 200

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Distribution of Water on Distribution of Water on EarthEarth

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It has been found to be It has been found to be cheaper to build industries cheaper to build industries

here so that chemical here so that chemical wastes can be easily wastes can be easily

removed.removed.

The banks of riversThe banks of rivers





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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200 200 200 200 200

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Ways to Save and Ways to Save and Recycle WaterRecycle Water

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Sea water, which consists on Sea water, which consists on average of about 3.5% average of about 3.5%

dissolved salts by mass, is dissolved salts by mass, is not fit for human use. This is not fit for human use. This is the process by which salts are the process by which salts are removed from sea water and removed from sea water and

brackish water to produce brackish water to produce fresh water.fresh water.

What is Desalination?What is Desalination?





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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Agriculture and industry Agriculture and industry together use almost 90% of together use almost 90% of

the water in industrial the water in industrial countries. The production countries. The production of one ton of paper or the of one ton of paper or the

refining of only one barrel of refining of only one barrel of crude oil requires the use of crude oil requires the use of

this many liters of water this many liters of water each.each.

What is 80, 000 litersWhat is 80, 000 liters





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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This is one method of This is one method of desalination, which desalination, which

involves the separation of involves the separation of volatile liquid from non-volatile liquid from non-

volatile materials.volatile materials.

What is distillationWhat is distillation





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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This is a method of desalination This is a method of desalination that involves saturating water that involves saturating water containing dissolved minerals containing dissolved minerals

with soft water sodium ions, and with soft water sodium ions, and yields the reaction:yields the reaction:

2NaAlSiO 2NaAlSiO4(s) 4(s) + Ca+ Ca2+2+ (aq) (aq) Ca(AlSiO Ca(AlSiO

44))2(s)2(s) + 2Na + 2Na++(aq)(aq)

What is ion exchangeWhat is ion exchange





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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200 200 200 200

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This is a method of This is a method of desalination that uses the desalination that uses the

natural tendency of a solvent natural tendency of a solvent to move from a high solvent to move from a high solvent

concentration to a lower concentration to a lower solvent concentration, and solvent concentration, and

then uses a pressure equal to then uses a pressure equal to this pressure to stop the flow this pressure to stop the flow

of the solventof the solvent..

What is reverse osmosisWhat is reverse osmosis





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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200 200 200 200

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Effects of Acid RainEffects of Acid Rain

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Acid rain can effect Acid rain can effect vegetation by removing vegetation by removing

these from the soil.these from the soil.

What are basic nutrients What are basic nutrients





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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4Fe4Fe(s)(s) + 3O + 3O

2(g)2(g) 2Fe 2Fe22OO3(s) 3(s)

represents the overall represents the overall reaction of the corrosion of reaction of the corrosion of these two metals, which is these two metals, which is

increases by high increases by high humidity, high humidity, high

temperatures, and the temperatures, and the presence of particulates.presence of particulates.

What are iron and steelWhat are iron and steel





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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200 200 200

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Acute injury to vegetation occurs Acute injury to vegetation occurs when plants are exposed high when plants are exposed high

acid concentrations which lead to acid concentrations which lead to attacks on cells production dead attacks on cells production dead

areas of leaves which dry out and areas of leaves which dry out and usually become bleached. This usually become bleached. This occurs when plants are exposed occurs when plants are exposed

long term to low acid long term to low acid concentrations which disrupt concentrations which disrupt

chlorophyll synthesis.chlorophyll synthesis.

What is chronic injuryWhat is chronic injury





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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200 200 200

300 300 300

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Acid rain containing small Acid rain containing small sulfate particles penetrate sulfate particles penetrate

the lungs where they the lungs where they become embedded and become embedded and have adverse effects on have adverse effects on

the elderly, the young, and the elderly, the young, and people who have this people who have this

condition.condition.

What is asthmaWhat is asthma





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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200 200 200

300 300 300

400 400 400

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Corrosion of basic Corrosion of basic materials such as marble materials such as marble or limestone by acid rain or limestone by acid rain occurs when these are occurs when these are

converted to more soluble converted to more soluble sulfates. sulfates.

What are insoluble What are insoluble carbonates carbonates





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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200 200 200

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Daily DoubleDaily Double

The environmental The environmental pollution called acid rain pollution called acid rain

is any rain with pH of is any rain with pH of less than this. less than this.

What is 5.6 What is 5.6





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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200 200 200

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Analysis of acid rain Analysis of acid rain indicates that these indicates that these oxides are mostly oxides are mostly

responsible for the responsible for the rain acidity.rain acidity.

What are sulfur and What are sulfur and nitrogen (oxides)nitrogen (oxides)





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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200 200 200

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Acid rain of this pH is Acid rain of this pH is sufficient to kill fish life. sufficient to kill fish life.

What is 4.0 What is 4.0





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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200 200 200

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Pure rain water is Pure rain water is naturally like this, due to naturally like this, due to

dissolved carbon dissolved carbon dioxide in water vapor to dioxide in water vapor to

form carbonic acid.form carbonic acid.

What is acidicWhat is acidic





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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SOSO2 2 in the atmosphere is in the atmosphere is

chemically converted to chemically converted to sulfur trioxide in the sulfur trioxide in the presence of oxygen; presence of oxygen;

intense sunlight, ash, the intense sunlight, ash, the presence of heavy metal presence of heavy metal

pollutants, and this pollutants, and this catalyze the reaction.catalyze the reaction.

What is ozoneWhat is ozone





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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300 300

400


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15% of acid rain is due to 15% of acid rain is due to the production of oxides of the production of oxides of

this, which is made by this, which is made by combustion process in the combustion process in the

internal combustion internal combustion engine , jet aircraft engines, engine , jet aircraft engines, coal burning plants, and by coal burning plants, and by

the engines of cars and the engines of cars and trucks.trucks.

What is nitrogen What is nitrogen





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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200 200

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Although volcanoes and Although volcanoes and oxidation of natural Hoxidation of natural H

22S S

emissions produce SOemissions produce SO22, ,

human activity produces human activity produces about this percent of the about this percent of the

total SOtotal SO22 emissions. emissions.

What is 45% What is 45%





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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Of the fresh water Of the fresh water available on earth, over available on earth, over

75% in found here.75% in found here.

What are in glaciers and What are in glaciers and ice caps on the North and ice caps on the North and

South Poles South Poles





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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300

400


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This percentage of the This percentage of the total water on earth is total water on earth is fresh, and considered fresh, and considered

drinkable. drinkable.

What is 2.7% What is 2.7%





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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400


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It is estimated that this It is estimated that this percentage of the world percentage of the world population experiences population experiences

drought.drought.

What is 40% What is 40%





Sources of NOx and

SOx

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Daily DoubleDaily Double

Contaminated water may Contaminated water may contain waterborne contain waterborne

diseases such as cholera, diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery typhoid fever, dysentery and this, a viral disease and this, a viral disease

that can spread as a result that can spread as a result of contamination of of contamination of

drinking water.drinking water.

What is hepatitisWhat is hepatitis

ENDEND

acid rain by: dominique gomez, elaina matsko, and teshia tucker

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