achieving wellness dietary guidelines: from pyramids to...

9
5/29/2014 1 UCSF Osher Mini Medical School Dietary Guidelines: From Pyramids to Plates Katie Ferraro, MPH, RD, CDE Achieving Wellness Proper Diet Proper Diet Positive Lifestyle Positive Lifestyle Wellness Wellness Poor Diet Poor Diet Negative Lifestyle Negative Lifestyle Death & Disease Death & Disease Did You Know? o 65% of the world’s population live in countries where overweight and obesity kill more people than underweight o More people are overweight than underweight in the world World Health Organization, Media Centre, Obesity and Overweight, May 2012 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011 The Cost of Poor Nutrition Chronic Disease Risk Reduced Quality of Life Significant Financial Impact

Upload: others

Post on 04-Jul-2020

2 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Achieving Wellness Dietary Guidelines: From Pyramids to Platesucsfcme.com/minimedicalschool/files/spring2014/...o WWII infamous “K ration” o Post‐WWII “Biology of Human Starvation”

5/29/2014

1

UCSF Osher Mini Medical School

Dietary Guidelines: From Pyramids to Plates

Katie Ferraro,MPH, RD, CDE

Achieving Wellness

Proper Diet

Proper Diet

Positive LifestylePositive Lifestyle

WellnessWellness

Poor DietPoor Diet

Negative LifestyleNegative Lifestyle

Death & DiseaseDeath & Disease

Did You Know?

o 65% of the world’s population live in countries where overweight and obesity kill more people than underweight

o More people are overweight than underweight in the world

World Health Organization, Media Centre, Obesity and Overweight, May 2012Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011

The Cost of Poor Nutrition

Chronic Disease Risk

Chronic Disease Risk

Reduced Quality of 

Life

Reduced Quality of 

Life

Significant Financial Impact

Significant Financial Impact

Page 2: Achieving Wellness Dietary Guidelines: From Pyramids to Platesucsfcme.com/minimedicalschool/files/spring2014/...o WWII infamous “K ration” o Post‐WWII “Biology of Human Starvation”

5/29/2014

2

Diet Planning Guides: History

o 1st rec., USDA, 1894

o 1917, “How to Select Foods”

o 1930s: scarcity, cost

o WWII: health of troops

o Evolved into RDAs

2010 DGAs: Key Recommendations

Balancing Calories

Enjoy your food, but eat less

Avoid oversized portions

Foods to Increase

Make half your plate fruits and vegetables

Switch to fat‐free or low‐fat (1%) milk

Foods to Reduce

Compare sodium in foods like soup, bread, and frozen meals – and choose the foods with lower numbers

Drink water instead of sugary drinks

DGAs 2010: Nutrients of Concern

Nutrients of Public Health Concern

Potassium

Dietary fiber

Calcium

Vitamin D

DGAs 2010: Sodium Guidelines

New Sodium Guidelines in 2010 DGA

2,300 mg per day for general population

1,500 mg for aged 51+, African Americans & HTN, diabetes & CKD

Page 3: Achieving Wellness Dietary Guidelines: From Pyramids to Platesucsfcme.com/minimedicalschool/files/spring2014/...o WWII infamous “K ration” o Post‐WWII “Biology of Human Starvation”

5/29/2014

3

Food Guides: The 4 Food Groups Food Guides: USDA FGP (1992)

Actual US FGP Intake Food Guides: MyPyramid.gov (2005)

Page 4: Achieving Wellness Dietary Guidelines: From Pyramids to Platesucsfcme.com/minimedicalschool/files/spring2014/...o WWII infamous “K ration” o Post‐WWII “Biology of Human Starvation”

5/29/2014

4

Food Guides: MyPlate (2011) ChooseMyPlate Food Groups

Healthy Eating Plate (Harvard)

World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research

Page 5: Achieving Wellness Dietary Guidelines: From Pyramids to Platesucsfcme.com/minimedicalschool/files/spring2014/...o WWII infamous “K ration” o Post‐WWII “Biology of Human Starvation”

5/29/2014

5

Canada’s Food Guide

Chinese Food Pagoda

Page 6: Achieving Wellness Dietary Guidelines: From Pyramids to Platesucsfcme.com/minimedicalschool/files/spring2014/...o WWII infamous “K ration” o Post‐WWII “Biology of Human Starvation”

5/29/2014

6

An Understandable Food Pyramid? Food Labels

Dr. Ancel Keys

o 1904‐2004

o University of Minnesota

o WWII infamous “K ration”

o Post‐WWII “Biology of Human Starvation” (1950)

o Seven Countries Study

Research: The 7 Countries Study

o 1958‐1970, men 40‐59 in 18 areas of 7 countries

o First to explore associations among diet, risk & disease in contrasting populations

o Chemical analysis of foods + diet recall

o Demonstrated degree to which the diet – and in particular saturated fatty acids and cholesterol levels – predict present and future CAD

University of Minnesota, School of Public Health Our History available at: http://www.sph.umn.edu/epi/history/overview/

Page 7: Achieving Wellness Dietary Guidelines: From Pyramids to Platesucsfcme.com/minimedicalschool/files/spring2014/...o WWII infamous “K ration” o Post‐WWII “Biology of Human Starvation”

5/29/2014

7

Principles of the Med Diet

o Plant‐based diet with herbs & spices for flavor

o Limited red meat intake, focus on fish & poultry

o Low processed food intake, emphasizes fresh

o Includes foods from the sea

o Moderate dairy and wine

o Activity is part of a healthy lifestyle

o Focus on good fats: olive oil

Reproduced with permission of Oldways Preservation and Exchange Trust

Med Diet: Focus on Fats

o Total fat is 25‐35% of calorieso Saturated fat is no more than 7‐8%  of calories

o Olive oil, nuts, seedso Limited animal foodso Monounsaturated fats are not alone protective against CVD, but lifestyle + foods together are

Med Diet: Focus on Alcohol

o Moderate consumption of wine

o Normally consumed with meals

o Moderation defined as:

• No more than 1 glass wine per day for women

• 1‐2 glasses wine per day for men

Page 8: Achieving Wellness Dietary Guidelines: From Pyramids to Platesucsfcme.com/minimedicalschool/files/spring2014/...o WWII infamous “K ration” o Post‐WWII “Biology of Human Starvation”

5/29/2014

8

Research: PREDIMED vs. Low-Fat

o 2006, PREDIMED Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea

o N=722 asymptomatic persons, 55‐80 at high CVD risk, randomized to low‐fat or 1 of 2 Med diets

o After 3 months follow‐up:• Weight/BMI same in 3 groups

• Lower BG, lower systolic BP, lower t‐chol/HDL ratios in 2 Med diet groups than low‐fat

• Inflammation markers also lower in 2 Med diets

Ann Intern Med. 2006 Jul 4;145(1):1‐11

Research: Metabolic Syndrome

o 2011, Meta‐Analysis of 50 studies and 534,906 individuals

o Effect of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome and its components

o Adherence to Mediterranean diet was “highly protective”

o Showed 31% lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome 

J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(11):1299‐1313

Research: Hear t Disease

o 2013, n=7447 enrolled, aged 55‐80, 57% female

o Smokers, overweight, diabetes or risk factors

o Low fat diet group or 1 of 2 Med diet groups

o Meaningful endpoints: MI, stroke, death

o Findings: 30% of MI, stroke, death can be prevented if switch to Mediterranean diet

N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1279‐1290

For More Information

o University of Minnesota The Seven Countries Study in Brief: http://www.sph.umn.edu/epi/history/overview/

o Oldways What is the Mediterranean Diet? http://oldwayspt.org/programs/mediterranean‐foods‐alliance/what‐mediterranean‐diet

o American Heart Association Mediterranean Diet: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/NutritionCenter/Mediterranean‐Diet_UCM_306004_Article.jsp

Page 9: Achieving Wellness Dietary Guidelines: From Pyramids to Platesucsfcme.com/minimedicalschool/files/spring2014/...o WWII infamous “K ration” o Post‐WWII “Biology of Human Starvation”

5/29/2014

9

Coursera Nutrition Class

o https://www.coursera.org/course/nutrition

o Nutrition for Health Promotion & Disease Prevention

o 6‐week, free, massive open online course (MOOC) taught in conjunction with UCSF

o 21 CEUs for MDs, RDs, PharmDs, RNs, PAs

o Next start date: Late 2014