Achieving accessibility in tertiary education websites:

The case study of the ASEAN University Network (AUN)

Rattanavalee Maisak

DIVISION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMFACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATIONRAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY PHRA NAKHON

1. INTRODUCTION

• The UNCRPD applies human rights specifically to protect the rights and promotes equality of persons with disabilities.• About 16% of the total population of the Asia-Pacific region live with some form of disability. • The Asia-Pacific region was recorded the lowest levels of signature and ratification of UNCRPD.• ASEAN member states are automatically to respect UNCRPD• This study will examine the level of accessibility of university websites regarding the ASEAN University Network (AUN).

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

• The ASEAN University Network (AUN)• Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)• Website evaluation methods

POUR principles

12 Guidelines

38 Success Criteria

(A ,AA, AAA)

WCAG 2.0

3. RESEARCH DESIGN

• 90 representative webpages from the 30 AUN members• An automated tool and expert manual testing • WCAG 2.0 guidelines (level A and AA)• WCAG-EM 1.0• Selected 3 pages : homepage, the international page the facility page

(N=90) Total of errors found Average SD. Min. Max.

Tested Pages 553 6.14 2.71 3 13

Number of errors found on the universities’ webpages

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A AA0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500 469

84

Level of WCAG 2.0

No. of Errors

Scan results of compliance with WCAG 2.0 levels A and AA

A : One or more groups will find it impossible to access information.AA : One or more groups will find it difficult to access information.

1.1.1 1.2.1

1.2.2 1.2.3

1.3.11.3.2

1.3.31.4.1

1.4.2 2.1.1

2.1.2 2.2.1

2.2.2 2.3.1

2.4.1 2.4.2

2.4.3 2.4.4

3.1.1 3.2.1

3.2.2 3.3.1

3.3.24.1.1

4.1.2 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

8071

13

3 2

69

7 1016

2

32

3 512

6

33

6 3

67

25

1 1 15

19

57

The checkpoints (level A)

No. of Errors

Breakdown of violations within Level A

Criterion 1.1.1- Non-text Content

alt= “Thai language”

Breakdown of critical failures

1.4.2 2.1.2 2.2.2 2.3.10

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

23

12

6

The checkpoint (level A)

No. of Errors

Criterion 2.2.2 - Pause, Stop, Hide

• People who has trouble reading stationary text quickly • People who has trouble tracking moving objects• People with attention deficit disorders

Breakdown of POUR principles

52%

36%

8%5%

Perceivable Opeable Understandable Robust

Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive. This means that users must be able to perceive the information being presented. (it can't be invisible to all of their senses)

Perceivable principle

Total violations across tested pages

Home Facility International 0

50

100

150

200

250227

169157

No. of Errors

University Pages

5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Accessible the AUN websites

Training

Enforcement Policies

Raising Awareness

• The lack of knowledge and awareness about web accessibility and related fields• Training and education• The enforcement of policies and providing action plans

• Web Accessibility • Assistive Technology• The special needs of people with disabilities• The fundamentals of HTML5 & CSS3

• The governments of the member countries of ASEAN • The AUN Staffs• ASEAN4ALL.org• Accessibility policies

• Action Plans

Thanks for listening!Let’s go make university websites for everyone.