achieving a zero carbon design€¦ · ceramic tiles fitments 21038 2.5 cabinets and kitchen...

ACHIEVING A ZERO CARBON DESIGNASSIGNMENT 3 – ENVIRONMENT II, 2020NAME: Leying Gao STUDENT NUMBER: 1746564 TUTORIAL GROUP: 14:00 - 16:00 Tutor Name: Veronica Soebarto

1. The objectives, general concept and strategies

Introduction:Location: Adelaide,SAOrientation: 30°NE Total Floor Area: 168.75 M²Climate zone: Temperate Climate (Summer-warm dry Winter-cool wet)

Section, Ventilatioin and Sunlight analysis

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10M10M9876543210 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10M

KITCHEN

FAMILY RM MEALS AREA

NO

RTH

LAUNDRY

PORCH

CARPORT

DECK

PAVED COURTYARD

2ND CAR

VOID

LOUNGE

BEDROOM 1

ATTIC STORE

W.I.R.

BATH 1VOID

STUDY

VOID

GUEST BEDROOM

BATH 2

VOID

SITE & GROUND FLOOR SECOND FLOORFIRST FLOOR

Aim:With the increasing of people’s awarenesses about environmental protection, it’s more and more needed to desig buildings with positive influence to environment. In this assignment, I tried to demonstrate how a design can become a zero, or near-zero energy building. The main goal of my design is to reduce the environmental impact of the building ( and of the occupants ) and contribute positively to the environment, with reasonable and detailed proofs. As a result, some requirements about achieving zero carbon design are below:

- Thermal comfort should be achieved in all seasons, through all rooms in the dewlling - Minimal reliance on artificial heating and cooling operations- Minimum of life cycle energy- 100% self-sufficiency of electricity through the whole building- 90% self-sufficiency through reuse and recovery of rainwater and grey water - On-site water management

Design Implementations:•Inclusion of 28 solar panels to reduce electricity consumption•Increased roof area to 143 m² for water collection•Applying better water usage strategy such as adding 2 rain water tanks and a grey water tank in the site.•Using timber frame in both roof and windows to reduce embodied energy•Adding shading devices to increase thermal comfort level and keep comfort temperature during both summer and winter

Elevations and Overall Look:

Sunlight

Floor PlanWinterSummer

Front

Back

Left

Right


2. Thermal Comfort

Summer in Living Room

Indoor with shadingIndoor Outdoor Indoor Shading with Material

Winter in Living Room


Summer in Bedroom 1


Winter in Bedroom 1


Summer in Guest Bedroom


Winter in Guest Bedroom


In summer, the living room and those two bedrooms are considered acceptable (below 32 degrees in summer for 80％ of the time). Especially, living room’s temperature isalways below 32 degrees during the whole summer period.In winter, the living room and bedroom 1 can be admitted to achieve thermal comfort standard (above 15 degree in winter for 80％ of the time). Also, living room’s temperaturehas being above 15 degrees during the entire winter period. However, the guest bedroom hasn’t achieve the standard . So, that means the new design may also need heating and cooling energy. However, the energy use of the new design should be much less than the base case, because of its better thermal comfort during a year.


3. Heating And Cooling Energy and Life Cycle EnergyLife Cycle Energy Caculation:Life Cycle Energy Caculation:Heating and Cooling Energy of Base Model: (24835.16 + 3376.04) / 3 = 9403.73 KWH9403.73 x 3.6 = 33853.43 MJEmbodied Energy of Base Model: 913912MJLife Cycle Energy of Base Model:913912+ 30 x 33853.43 = 1929514.9 MJTotal Floor Area: 168m2Life Cycle Energy of Base Model per m2:1929514.9 / 168 = 11485.2 MJ/m2

Heating and Cooling Energy of Final Model: (19604.07 + 3039.63 ) / 3 = 7547.9 KWH7547.9 x 3.6 = 27172.44 MJEmbodied Energy of Final Model: 959247MJLife Cycle Energy of Final Model:959247+ 30 x 27172.44 = 1774420.2 MJTotal Floor Area: 168m2Life Cycle Energy of Final Model per m2:1774420.2 / 168 = 10562.025 MJ/m2

11485.2 MJ/m2 > 10562.025 MJ/m2So Life Cycle Energy of the final design is less than the total Life Cycle Energy of the base case design.

Building Component Embodied Energy ( MJ ) Proportion of Total ( % )

Footing / Floor 297193 32.52Concrete Slab on GroundSuspended TimberRoof 90466 9.90Steel Framing with Concrete TileExternal Wall 184836 20.22

Windows 252155 27.59Aluminium Frames windowsInternal Wall 46052 5.04Timber Frame Wall with InsulationFinishes 10470 1.15

Ceramic TilesFitments 21038 2.3Cabinets and KitchenPlumbing 8551 0.94BathsWiring 3153 0.34Wire and FittingsTotal Embodied Energy 913912 ( MJ ) 100

Base Case

Brick Venner Standard Brick withTimber Framing and Insulation

Building Component Embodied Energy ( MJ ) Proportion of Total ( % )

Footing / Floor 320329 37.46Concrete Slab on GroundRoof 104016 12.17

Timber Framing with Concrete TileExternal Wall 290382 34Double Brick

Windows 155262 18.16Timber Frames windows

Internal Wall 46047 5.39Timber Frame Wall with InsulationFinishes 10470 1.22Ceramic Tiles

Fitments 21038 2.5Cabinets and Kitchen

Plumbing 8551 1BathsWiring 3153 0.37Wire and FittingsTotal Embodied Energy 959247 ( MJ ) 100

Final Model

After calculating the embodied energy, heating and cooling energy and life cycle energy for the base case, the results are showed as 913912MJ, 33853.43 MJ, 1929514.9 MJ. The changes for a new design includes changing glazing type, decreasing window’s area, applying double brick to external wall and applying concrete slab to all the floors. When conducting the embodied energy, heating and cooling energy and life cycle energy for the new design, the results showed as 959247MJ, 27172.44 MJ, 1774420.2 MJ. According to the results, the embodied energy slightly increased after having those changes. However, I tried to improve some parts to decrease the high embodied energy, such as changing roof’s construction from steel framing to timber framing, changing window’s construction from aluminum to timber frame and so on. Because the good thermal performance of new design, heating and cooling energy of new design is much less than the base case. As a result, Life Cycle Energy of the final design is less than the total Life Cycle Energy of the base case design.

1

2

3

Construction Details:

3. Double Glazing 1. Cement Tile Roof

2. Double Brick Wall


3. Toward Zero Energy

In order to reduce the building’s reliance on grid electricity and make it be more environmentally friendly, solar panels should be placed on the roof of both the main house and the garage. After calculation in regard to the daily power requirement of the house, 37 photovoltaic panels or solar panels are required to be placed in the site because of the total energy consumed by the building is 48.376 KWH per day.Because of the width, length and the area of each panel are 1.6, 1, 1.6, 14 pieces are placed on both side of the main house’s roof and 15 pieces are placed on the roof of garage.To maximize the output for each panel and minimize the cost for the solar panel system, the angle of these solar panels are placed in 30 degrees from horizontal level and they are facing 30 degrees NE.

Electrical Equipments:

Washing MachineMonitorDishwasher

Electrical Appliance Wattage Hours / Day Watt Hours / DayTelevisioin 200 6 1200Lights 200 7 1400Oven 1200 4 4800Refrigerator 730 8 5840Computer & Monitor 270 6 1620Microwave 1100 0.5 550Cooling + Heating 20966Total Daily Requirement in Watt Hours 36376Daily power requirement ( kWh ) 36.376

Location AdelaideCollector Tilt ( deg from horizental) 30Collector Azimuth ( deg from north ) 30Design Period ( Annual or Winter ) AnnualAverage annual daily total irradiation ( MJ / sq.m. ) 19.8Overall System Efficiency 12Maximum Daily System Output ( kWh / day ) 0.66Value from Load_Chart Sheet ( kWh / day ) 36.4Percent of Load from Solar 80

Input Information

Panel Width ( m ) 1.639Panel Length ( m ) 0.982Panel Area ( m2 ) 1.609Rated Nominal DC Output per Panel ( Watts) 220Collector Solar Utiltzation Factor ( h ) 4.83Number of Panels Required 28Installed Capacity ( kW ) 6.16

Collector Information

Brand/ Model: Suntect STP280Rated Power: 280WVolts: 20.4MJ/ sq.m. with 12% efficiencyDimensions: 1956mm x 992mm x 50mmWeight: 27kg

RefrigeratorMicrowave Oven


4. Toward Water Self-Sufficiency

6 Litres per minute5 Minutes per shower

30 Litres per person

55 Litres per wash2 Wash per week

16 Litres per person per day

11 Litres per wash6 Litres per person

3.5 Litres per minute4 Minutes per person

14 Litres per person

Rainwatershower

Washing machine

Dishwasher

Taps

Total 60 Litres per person per day

Roof area ( m2 ) 143.92Users 3Indoor water comsumption per person ( L / day ) 60Proposed tank volume ( KL ) 16Number of tank 3Water in tank at start % 90Annual water saving ( KL ) 61Potential average % annual saving 91.1Actual average % annual saving 92.2

Rainwater tank sizing

3.3 Litres per flush6 Flush per person per day

16 Litres per day

GreywaterToilet

Total 19.8 Litres per person per dayIrrigation for plant in green house

Total 16 Litres per day

Rain water collec�on at the back of building

Gu�er fi�ed to roof

Downpipe

Rain water tank B

Rain water collec�on at the front part of building

Gu�er fi�ed to roof

Downpipe

Temporary water tank

First flush water directerRain water tank A

Rain Water System:

Irrigaaon

Sewer

1. Filter

2. Rain water tank A

4. Grey water tank

5. Grey water treatment

3. Rain water tank B

Untreated rainwater

Treated rainwater

Untreated grey water

Treated greay water

Black water to sewer

Grey water to grass irrigaaon1

2

1

3

4

5

In my design, the garage and roof slope are built to increase the roof area. The roof of the garage is designed to be a slope of 30 degrees, which is the best angel for placing solar panels and collecting rain water. The newly added roof slope is in 5 degrees. That makes the rain water easy to flow down but won’t block people’s views at the same time. There are two columns holding the roof slope and leading rain water to flow into the rainwater tank B. I also designed a rain water tank A in the garage.The tank A will supply all wet areas on the ground floor and first floor while tank B will supply the second floor. When rain water on the front of the roof goes down, water will directly come into the tank without blocking. The shading device is also changed for the water self-efficiency design. Those flat surfaces are changed to become temporary tanks, which will slow down water’s flowing speed and will reduce water wastage ( water drops go to the ground ). Also, this strategy makes the shading device become a part of roof surface.

Grey Water Treatment:Reed bed systemThis treatment system have a better filtrate than other convent iona l techn iques . A l s o, i t i s a env i ro n m ent friendly system, which can has possitive impact on ecological environment.

achieving a zero carbon design€¦ · ceramic tiles fitments 21038 2.5 cabinets and kitchen...

Documents