ace03_ expt 4
TRANSCRIPT
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Xavier University
College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Experiment Number: 3
Experiment Title: Resistors in Parallel and Series
Date Performed: August 4, 2010 Subject: ACE 03F
Date Submitted: August 18, 2010 Group Number: 7
Group Leader : Mark Julius R. Cabasan
Group Member/s: Ashton Leo Gaoiran
Mark Anthony Maraya
Duane Brose
Tracy Eduria
Presentation : ___________________
Data and Results : ___________________
Analysis and Conclusions: ___________________
Answers to Questions : ___________________
Total : ___________________
Remarks: _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Instructor : Engr. Jose Mag-abo II
Instructors Signature: ________________________
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I. Objectives
The objective of the experiment was to determine equivalent resistances of resistors
connected in parallel and series.
II. Introductory Information
Ohms law states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current
flowing through the resistor. The constant of proportionality is the resistance value of the resistor
in ohms. In equation form: V = IR where V is the voltage, I is the current, and R is the
resistance. The need to combine resistors in series or in parallel occurs so frequently that it
warrants special attention. The process of combining the resistors is facilitated by combining
two of them at a time. Resistors in series exclusively share a single node and consequently
share the same current.
Thus,
I = I1 = I2 = I3
R = R1 + R2 + R3
V = V1 + V2 + V3
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Resistors in parallel are connected to the same two nodes and consequently share the same
voltage.
Thus,
V = V1 = V2 = V3
I = I1 = I2 = I3
I/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
These equations are derived using Ohms law and the Kirchoffs current and voltage laws (KCL
and KVL). In the experiment, these relations are verified using different configurations of
resistors.
Reference: Fundamentals of Electric Circuits (3rd ed.) by Alexander Sadiku
http://physics.tamuk.edu/~suson/html/1402/dc.html
III. Materials Needed
The materials needed were the bread box, the digital multimeter, alligator connectors,
and 5 assorted resistors (10k, 5k, 500, 3k, and 470).
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IV. Procedure
1. Measure and record the values R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5.
2. For each configuration A to G, measure and also compute the resistance between the
free ends R1 and R5.
3. Display the results in a neat table, including the percentage difference, 200% ([Rmeasured
Rcomputed]) / (Rmeasured + Rcomputed).
Configurations:
A
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
B R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
C R2
R1 R3 R5
R4
R1 R2
D R5
R3 R4
E R1 R2
R5
R3 R4
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R1 R4
F R2 R5
R3
R1 R2 R3
G
R4 R5
V. Data and Results
R1 = 11.9 , R2 = 386 , R3 = 2,172 , R4 = 387,100 , R5 = 68,100
Measured () Calculated () % Difference
A 459,000 457,769.9 1.5x10-3
B 11.5 11.4 8.7x10-4
C 68,300 68,439.47 -2.04x10-3
D 68,400 68,470.55 -1.031x10-3
E 70,500 68,497.49 .0288
F 395.9 393.2 6.84x10-3
G 60,500 58,335.89 .0364
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Calculations:
A. Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5
= (11.9 + 386 + 2,172 + 387,100 + 68,100)
Req = 458,309.9
B. 1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + 1/R4 + 1/R5
1/Req = [1/11.9 + 1/386+ 1/2,172 + 1/387,100 + 68,100] (1/)
Req = 11.49
C. Req = R1 + [R2R3R4]/[R3R4 + R2R4 + R2R3] + R5
Req = {11.9 + [386 (2,172) (387,100)] / 2,172 (387,100) + 386 (387,100) + 386 (2,172)] +
68,100} k
Req = 68,439.47
D. Req = R1R3/(R1+R3) + R2R4/(R2+R4) + R5
= {[11.9 (2,172)/ (11.9 +2,172)] + [386 (387,100)/ (386+387,100)] + 68,100} k
Req = 68,470.55
E. Req = (R1+R2)(R3+R4)/(R1+R2+R3+R4) + R5
= {(11.9 +386) (2,172+387,100)/ (11.9 +386+2,172+387,100) + 68,100} k
Req = 68,497.49
F. Req = [R1R2R3]/[R2R3 + R1R3 + R1R2] + R4R5/ (R4 +R5)
= 11.9 (386) (2,172)/ [386 (2,172) +11.9 (2,172) +11.9 (386)] + 387,100 (68,100)/
(387,100+68,100)
Req = 393.2
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G. R = R2 + R3(R5)/ (R3+R5)
= 386+ 2,172 (68,100)/ (2,172+68,100)
R = 5.172 k
Req = R1 + R4R/ (R4 + R)
= 9.75 + 2.96(5.172)/(2.96+5.172)
Req = 58,335.89
VI. Analysis and Conclusion
Based on the experimental data, the % differences are 0.00150, 0.000870, 0.00204,
0.001031, 0.0288, 0.00684 and 0.0364 for configurations A, B, C, D, E, F and G respectively.
The average percent difference = 0.011%. Thus, the measured and calculated values for
resistances are close to each other. The calculated values are derived from theoretical
considerations of resistors in series and parallel. The equations used in the calculations are
rooted in the use of Ohms law and Kirchoffs current and voltage laws (KCL and KVL).
To sum up, the relations for calculation of resistances for resistors in series and parallel
are verified. In general, for resistors in series, Req = Riand for resistors in parallel, 1/Req =
(1/Ri) where Req = equivalent resistance and Ri = individual resitance.
Mark Julius R. Cabasan
BSME-3