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WIRGIN, w. The Book of Jubilees and the Maccabean Era of Shmittah Cycles. Leeds 1964WISE, F. ‘The Redeemer Figure in the Paraphrase of Shem’. NT 12 (1970) 130-40- ‘Stalking Those Elusive Sethians’, in Layton, Rediscovery 2,563-76WOLFF, C. Jeremia im Ftihjudentum und Urchristentum (TU 118) Berlin 1976WOLFF, M. J. ‘Sibyllen und Sibyllinen’. Archivfiir Kulturgeschichte 24 (1934) 3 12-25WOLFSON, H. A. Philo. Foundations of Religious Philosophy in Judaism, Christianity and Islam

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,schim aus Qumran Hahle XI’. OTS 14 (1%5) 354-73- ‘Ein neuer Segensspruch aus Qumran (1 lQBer)‘, in Bibel und Qumran. Festschriji H.

Bardtke. Berlin 1968, 253-8- Die fiinf syrischen Psalmen (JSHRZ IV/ 1) GUtersloh 1974- ‘Wicked Priest or Wicked Priests’. JJS 33 (1982) 349-59WOUDE, A. s. VAN DER - JONGE, M. DE. ‘11Q Melchizedek and the New Testament’. NTS 12

(1966) 301-26WRIGHT, A. G. The Literary Genre Midrash. Staten Island 1967- ‘The Structure of the book of Wisdom’. Biblica 48 (1967) 165-84WONSCHE, A. Der Midrasch Kohelet. Leipzig 1880YADIN, Y. ‘The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Epistle to the Hebrews’, in Scripta 4,36-55- ‘A Midrash on 2 Sam VII and Ps I-II (44 Florilegium)‘. IEJ 9 (1959) 95-8- ‘Some Notes on the Newly Published Pesharim of Isaiah’. ZEJ 9 (1959) 39-42- ‘Expedition D’. (The Expedition to the Judaean Desert) ZEJ 11(196 1) 36-52- The Scroll of the War of the Sons of Light against the Sons of Darkness. English ed. Oxford

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l-10- Bar-Kokhba: The Rediscovery of the Legendary Hero of the Second Jewish Revolt against

Rome. London 197 1- ‘Pesher Nahum (4QpNahum) Reconsidered’. IEJ 21 (1971) 1-12- The Temple Scroll 1-3. Hebrew ed. Jerusalem 1977; English ed. Jerusalem 1983YAMAUCHI, E. M. ‘Jewish Gnosticism? The Prologue of John, Mandaean Parallels, and the

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Philadelphia 1978,385-417ZEITLIN, s. - TEDESCHE, s. The First Book of Maccabees. New York 1950ZENGER, E. Historische und legendarische Erzlihlungen: Dar Buch Judit (JSHRZ I/6) Giitersloh

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652 653

Index of Sources

Division: 1. Hebrew Bible 2. Septuagint 3. Targum 4. New Testament 5. Mishnah 6. Tosefta 7.Palestinian Talmud 8. Babylonian Talmud 9. Midrash and Related Works 10. Early ChristianWritings 11. Greek and Latin Authors 12. Varia

Works treated in this volume are not included in the index of sources. Substantial references tothese works appear in the subject index.

Genesis

I-Ex 141-6l-3l-21l:l-2:4a1: l-2:3l:l-51:lI:21:26f.1:26-2722:1-41:242:1-3:192: l-4a2:1-32~2-3214-5214252~72:82: lo-142:162:182: 19-202:192:20-222~24

1. HEBREW BIBLE

397 3:l454,458,464,465 3:4-6107,236 3:14265 3:15150,275,462 3:18276 3:19236 3124-6~4265,266 3124260 4-26463 4: l-25462 4:l463 4: 1Of.236,460,462 4: 11243 4~22243 4126277 5277 5: 1-3270 5~22236 5:24265,266 5:28f264 5~29463 6-9243,260 6114,264 6:1-4264 6:1-3463,468 6:1-2a296 6:l260 6:2468 6:2b134 6:3

655

111, 115,236,460,469260,457463243111263 .112243111237110463,4699011192,467237234462395,39690,237,39694939090384,452,453469904634679090

INDEX OF SOURCES

_6:46:56:66:76:96:126:13-216:138:18:178:21f9:l9:8-209:20-219:24-271 l-1811:511:7-811:31-12:912-5012: 112:312:8-15:412:8-912: 10-2012:11-15a12: 1512: 18-19a13: l-1313:5-l 113:5-1013: 14-1813: 14-171414: 18-191 515: l-415:115:415:5-615:615:9-1415:91616:1-616: l-216:516:9ff.17:1-1417:517:151 818:22-32

90,91,452 19 23790,91 20 97,238260 21 9490,91 2 1~22-23 238237 22 99,23790,91 22:1 99,11991 23 23791 2433f. 65260 24:37f. 6591 25 24791 25:7f. 9891 2615 23791 26: 19-32 260244 27146 65244 28: l-4 97244 28: 1 65278 28: lo-22 245260 31:10-13 245237 32:28 69107 33: 18-34:31 12161 33: 18-19 122119 34ff. 34105 34 38,66105 34: l-17 122105,237 34: 13 12497 34: 14-16 122105 34:25-26a 12297 34125-26 122105 34125 122237 34:26b-29 12397 35122 333106 36:3 l-39 99119 37ff. 67106,165,237 37:2-41:46 238521 37:2-36 238415,416 37:8-l 1 245106 39 38243 39: l-20 238234 39:9 38119 39: 10 3899,237 39: 14f. 38416 39:18 38416 39:21-41:46 238238 40:9-l 1 245237,255 40: 16-17 245255 41 283250 41:16 287244 41: 17-24 245122 41:39 28769 41:45 65,6769 4 1:47-50:26 238237,244 45~27 6862 46 126

49 325,330,41949:l 330,41949: 10 540

Exodus

l:l-2:15 1261:22 3042:lOa 1262: lob 1262:12 2712: 16-17 1262: 18-21 1262:22 1263-13 1073: l-4: 17 1283:7-8 1413:14 2723:20-21 1413:20 2784 457412-7 1284:9 1284:10-16 1287:1 127,249,2687: 17ff. 1288-11 1289:3 27812-13 12812:2-23 24213: 16 27813: 19 27814 12815 304-306,57415:ll 26315: 17-18 51915:2Of. 4815:27 12916:4 26218 51618:25 49219:6 237,54619: 17-20 27820 10720:5 46320:18 267,26820: 19 26820:21 267,26820:21 26820:25 24222:21-28:34 24222:26f. 26023:20 44

24:9-l 1 12724: 10 27824:11 8025:9-40 27025:9 38725~23-30 7625:40 38731:1-11 28732:34 4433~2 4433~20 533416 7034: lo-16 52835:30-35 28737: 10-15 76

Leviticus

14:34-36 26019 315,31625 52126 2412613-46 50026:28 20828 241

Numbers

6:25 569,57012:3 56815:30 25117:6ff 30521 45721:18 50524: 3-4 40024: 15-17 51824: 17 505,54024~24 505,510,51825 71,24025:6-l 1 17227 24030 24030: 15 58

656 657

Deuteronomy

l-302: 14416-84164:114127-28515

107494295288278146271

INDEX OF SOURCES INDEX OF SOURCES

5123 2785 128-29 518,5417: lff. 5287:11 5198:11 5199:15 2789:23 49611:26-32 50013: 14 53415:2 52117: 14-20 52917: 17 52918: 18-19 51820 24021:22 52922 24022:6-7 31423 51923:1 4923~3-4 51923~3 4923: 13-14 52826-27 49726 24027 497,50028-32 140,143, 14928 240,24128:25-26 20728:53 20828:69 500 529-3 1 49729: 17ff. 56929: 19-20 50030 24030: l-5 14130:11-13 14130: 15-19 1413 l-34 329,330,3453 1 34531:9-13 49732 127,345,34732:8-9 53432: 17- 18 14232:37-43 53432143 34732:49 41933 325,34533:1 40033:5 12733:8-l 1 51833:29 14234 34534: l-3 410,419

3414 26034: 10 507

24~3-4 20625:8 204

Joshua Isaiah

3-21 1075:2-9 746:26 5188:30-35 5008:34 5001 5 48315:61-62 48323-24 325,32924: 15 109

Judges

1-31:133:7-144-558:22-329:7-159:8-159:53f.13-141 314: 1416:23-3016:2817-2017:l

7:10-lla 5197:10-11 5197:lO 5197:lOa 5197:lOb 5197 : l l a 5197:1 lb-14a 5197:13a 5197:14 5207:19 52011-12 5712:1-4 28314:2ff. 28314:20 13820: 14-22 4823 13923: l-4 13823: l-7 138

10710710748571,574108283974824694283394910857

I Samuel

12:1-102:351212:316: l-1316: 12b-2317:34-3717:5118:lO25:32

94574521,546325335139,56113856249335552

I Kings

2:1-93:4-153:6-94~254129-344:295:2-95:9- 145:12-135:138:468~4710: lff.10: l-311:2911:381313: l-3222: l-3622:21-23

325287,288,299,308562175139139164288,3082832965371412832885652156585363

2 Samuel

77:10-14

521519

2 Kings

6:28-2910:214:917:7-2020: 16-21: 1821:2-621:321: 1623126-27

20859428320653535353206

5:1-7 2935:21 2836 1276:lff. 536:13 2937:1-17 947-14 447:17 4958:7-9 5139: l-7 949:5 5399:ll 5139:12 5149: 14-20 51310:12-13 51310: 19-24 51310:21-22 51310:24-34 51310:28-32 513ll:l-5 513,52411:2 287,33514 11314:8 51314: 19 46314:26-30 51319:9-12 51319: 19 37224-27 38626: 16 53328:2-8 38729: lo- 11 51329: 14 28329: 15-32 51330: l-5 51330: 10 50530: 15-18 51330: 19-23 51331:1 293,51331:1-2 28734 38435:3 30040:3 486,50540: 18-41:7 14644 14644:9-20 40, 14645-46 3945:1 394513 39

658 659

INDEX OF SOURCES INDEX OF SOURCES.

45:445:545:6451745:945: 18451234646: l-746:lb46:5-846:947:8-949: 14-2350: 150:4-55152:lf.52: 1-252~752: 13-1553:8-125454: 1-1354:11-1256~4-559: 1059:206060:4-960:2161:l61: 1Of.62: l-262:4f.64:766124

Jeremiah

l:ll-12 5442:13 141,1448:8-9 2838:8 2889:22-23 2839:22 31410: l-6 58510:2-5 14610:2-15 14610:3-8 146IO: 1 I 58510: 12 287,29317:5-8 335

3939,4739534533393914639391464633701425612943847014252130931843,51470, 142514,5564949149643142491,539521707069533379

24: 1 14425: 12 39027:6 49129 144, 14629: lff. 58529: 1-2 14429:l 14429:2 14429:4 584,59329: 10 390,54429: 14 14331:29 28332: 12-16 14332: 15-23 57136:4-32 14339: 15-18 7251 3951:51 51952: 12 204

Ezekiel

1-2 1271 390,392,438,4661:l 4001:4-21 4621:26 462415 4918:2 38516 38517 9717:1-10 38517: 11-19 38518:2 28318:5-9 33518:23 6219 38520 24128: 1-19 28831 97,53936:27 31137 37938-39 386,38740-48 385,387,528,53 140:46 1244:6-9 51944:15 12,545

Hosea

l-32:8-145: 13-15

71514514

660

5:14 1756:4 5146:6 296:7 5146:9-10 5146:9 5138:6-14 51410: 12 491,492,505

JOd

3:l 293

Amos

5: 18-205:26-27

95505

Micah

1:2-9 5142:ll 5054:4 1754:8-12 5146:14-16 5147:8-9 514

Habakkuk

1:ll 5051:12 506212 5072:18-19 146

Zephaniah

1: 18-2:2 514

Zechariah

1 5451:12 5441:18 3902:5-9 3873-4 3853:l 5343: 10 1754: 14 339,540715 39011:ll 5131 3 42913:7 495,50514 386,387

Malachi

1:12 4933122-24 541

Psalms

1 2871:6 3362:l 5197:8-9 52116 14019b 28724 33533:6 26537-45 51237 28737: 10 51337:29 49139(38): 11 4244 17545:l 56649 28751 56073 28774 149,17578 24179 149,17580 14982: 1-2 52189(88):32-34 4390 28791 28791:11-13 4091:13 4099:6 574104 150104:24 287,293105 241106 150,241106:25 496110:4 521,522112 287115 146115:4-8 146116 150117:2 134118 150119 287125 591127 287128 591129:7-8 514135 146, 150,241

661

INDEX OF SOURCES INDEX OF SOURCES

135: 15-18 146136 151,241,554,559136: l-3 151140 138144 150145 554146:6 134148 151149: 1 560,573

Job

l-2 63,99,285,5343 2854-14 28512: 13 287,29315-21 28515:14 53722-3 1 28622-27 28525~4 53728 142,285,293,31928: 12-28 14128:23-28 14228:23 28728:27 287,29329-3 1 28531:16-18 33532-38 28632-37 28538-39 29638 38838: l-42:6 28538:l 28542:7-17 28542: 17 286

Proverbs

l-91:71:20-331:203:124:8a4: 10-146:6-86:128

8:38:22f.8:22-3 1

285,288,3 lo,32 129428746642300336314534285,287,293309,311,316466276296

8:23 2858:27-30a 2938:30 2859: 1-6 287,3209:lO 29410-3 1 310lo-29 321lO:l-31:9 31610: l-22: 16 28516:l 28716:2 28716:9 28717-24 32119:14 28719:21 28722: 17-24:22 284,285,32 124~23-34 28525-29 28530 32130:1-14 28530:15-31 28531:1-9 28531:10-31 285

Qohelet (Ecclesiastes)

l-4 3211:16b 2871:17b 2871: 18a 2873:1-9 1343:4a 2863:5b 2865:4 2865: 13-17 2866:3-8 2867:1-9 2867:2 2867:2b 2867: 12b 2877: 19-20 2869:8 2869:12 28610:8 28611:2 28612:l 28612: lb 287

Esther

l:l-3:132:92:20

662

13549136, 137

2:21-23 1363:8 82, 1363:14-4: 17 1354:17 1505: l-2, 135,1365:3-8: 12 1358: 13-10:3 13514-15 15014:8 13614: 10 136

Daniel

1-6

11:l1:5-161:722:22-232:252:373

3: 15-183:153:173:193~2331243:283:31-4:343:31-4:333:3144:74:22(25)4:3455145:75:145: 18-2351235:30-316613-46:66:146:206:25-276:26-27

33-35,38-40,45,133,38835,495444928734,35, 37,36415859015834,35,37,38,49,50,82, 108,151, 156,555394938,494014914949,823658159334-37,57,97, 554425363934,35, 373759028737373734, 35, 37, 38,40, 8213659059059382581

6:266:287-127

99:29:3-199:4-19

9:4b- 199:79:129:159:169:2410-1210:310:2111:3011:3212:l12:412:9

3940x x127, 128,364, 369,390,402143-145,571,544390567,57 1140, 143, 145, 149,150339143,14914314314339046,103544534505,5 10515534383431

Ezra

1:l 5442 1593:14 5934:6-24 136417-23 1594:7- 16 5804:ll 5944: 12 5934: 15 5934: 17 5925:7 583,590,592,594518 5936:12 5807:11-24 5807:12 5947:14 288,2957:24 2957:25 2889-10 759:1 499:6-15 571

Nehemiah

1:4-l 17:72-8: 13

571158

663

INDEX OF SOURCES_

7:73-8:139-1099:6-3713:23-27

I Chronicles

5: l-824:728-2928: 1828:1929:9

2 Chronicles

1

Genesis

4:26512445:27

Exodus

20:2125:23-3037: 10-15

Deuteronomy

32:8-933:29

Targum Onkelos

Gen. 5~24Gen. 49: 1Exod. 3:20

131497339,57157175

5712325466270,387491

308

23739668

267,2687676

534142

396419278

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan

Gen. 3: 17 263Gen. 4: 1 468Exod. 24: 1 2 240

1:7-12 2872:3-16 1643:1 1196:36 53715:l 5624~20-22 56,5832132-33120 5333:3 5333: 11 5333: 12-13 55533: 18-19 42735-36 13135: l-36:21 15836: 15-21 20636~20-27 39036:21-22 54436:22-23 159

2: SEPTUAGINT

Psalms

32:6 26538:11 4288~32-34 43151 139,551,559,561,

562,574

Proverbs

I:20 4666:6-8 3148:3 466

I Chronicles

28: 18 466

3. TARGUM

Targum Jonathan

Isa. 6:3 552Jer. 10: 11 585

Targum Sheni

Esther 8: 13 581

664 665

INDEX OF SOURCES

Matthew

1:18-25 941:22 3901:23 442:15 3904: 14 3905-7 3195:12 56’5:21-48 2616:2-18 446:13 5618:17 3909:6 5729:8 57211:19 32011:25-30 320,32411~25-27 56712:40 33412:42 320

13:54 31916:17-19 6920:28 31823:29-36 56,5823:35-36 32023~37 5824:37f. 9524~46-5 1 37726:63-66 7227:40 7227:43 31327~54 72,313

Mark

13 9813: 17 37714: 53ff. 2314:61-64 7215:39 72

Luke

l-2 5521:13-17 5521:25 5901:30-33 5521:35 5521146-55 551,5521:68-79 5521:68-75 5521:76-79 552

4. NEW TESTAMENT

2 5582: l-2 212:13-14 5522:14 5522~25 5582:29-32 5522:36-38 5582140 3194:17 2587:35 32010:20-22 32010:21-22 56711:4 56011:31 32011:47-5 1 5811:49-5 1 32012:36-40 37712:58f. 42113:33-35 5613:34 5817:26f. 95

John

1 300,323,324l:l-18 3201:20 5905:17 2776 32013-17 33114:6 30014: 16-17 53615:26 53616:13 536

Acts

2125-36 1402:30-31 1402:30 5074 235:37 216-7 387 2417 12-53 5767:35-37,52 567:54-60 738:21-23 5698:23 5699:1-19 8612:3-17 167

INDEX OF SOURCES

I Peter Revelation

INDEX OF SOURCES

12:20-23 25115:23-29 582,58317:28 27620: 17-37 33122:3Off. 2323:6-8 2423125-30 582

Romans

1:18-23 3131124-27 713:8 5903~22-24 5375:12-21 1175:12 3136:23 5617:14 5617124 5619 3139: 19-23 53316:22 591 .

1 Corinthians

1-233:13-1410: 1310: 19-2210: 19-2113: 1315:42-5016:21

32064635616955300117591

2 Corinthians

6:14-1612~2-4

536430

Galatians

1:156:16

537591

Ephesians

1:ll2~85:11-125:22f.6:12

537537536 2:270 2:2464 5:1

Colossians

1: 15-20 320,3241: 15-17 3134: 16 5844:18 591

1:6-7 313 2-32:1421201 821: If.21:9-2721:18-21

9 345 22: 10

14b-15 397

582,58471717570387556383

5. MISHNAH

Eduyoth

5:6 31

Aboth

l-2 3191:l 23,1013-4 3195 3195:1 2365:2 3645:4 99

Hullin

5:1 28

6. TOSEFTA

8:7-99:6

242,259511

Eduyoth

1:1 30

Hullin

2:17 286

Menahot

13:2113:22

19197

Yadaim

2:132:14

300287

2 Peter

3:6-7 378

1 Thessalonians Jude

1:l 5932:16 3415:21-22 5365~27 584

2 Thessalonians

3:17 591

Shekalim

8:5

1 Timothy

1:2 593

Yoma

3:8 569

2 Timothy

1:93:16

53780

Rosh ha-Shanah

2:8-9 3141-4 29

Hebrews

5: l-10 5225:9-14 1395:9 1396:20 5227:1-10 4087:1-3 52210-12 35310 24110:32-12: 13 5611-12 33511:5-6 39511:5 39611:8-9 6111:17-19 6111:17 9911132-38 5811:37 52,7312: l-2 5612: 12a 300

Taanith

2:4-54:6

Berakhoth

2:21

Shabbat

13:4

Sukkah

4:6

Ha&ah

* 2~9

James

l-24l-23

So tah

15:11-156199349.353

Sanhedrin

2:67:1

435

570204

286

577

257

23

29

58123

667666

1NDEX OF SOURCES

Berakhoth

7, llb 300

Maaser Sheni

5,56c

Shabbat

14, 14d16, 1%~

Yoma

1,48c

Megillah

I, 71c1,71a

Ha&ah

2,77d

Berakhoth

5a-b 18027b-28a 31,58158a 57263a 582

Shabbat

Il5b 577151b 287152b 287153a 286

Erubin

4Ob

Pesahim

57a

Yoma

9:1-h

581

286577

197

30581

581

286

1 9

197

7. PALESTINIAN TALMUD

Sotah

2, 18a 286

Yebamoth

49a49b

Sanhedrin

52. 57. 58 l l a 58153’

Ketuboth

7,31b 286

Nedarim

9a 286

29a 26338b 41746b 51169b 1621OOb 300103b 52, 53, 58107b 581

Nedarim

1,36d6,4Oa

286582

Sotah

47a 581 Abodah Zarah

3b

Sanhedrin

1, 18d1, 19a6,23c10,28a10,28c10,29c

Gittin

47a 253

58 1,583,59258258130052479,480

Hullin

60bKiadushin

66a 14 Bekhoroth

Baba Metzia

54a-b 31Abodah Zarah

1,39a 247

8. BABYLONIAN TALMUD

69a77a

Baba Bathra

3b-4a4a6Ob

202029

36a 31

Minor Tractates:Aboth de Rabbi Nathan(Ed. S. Schechter. 3rd ed. 1967)

A4 (21) 29A4, B7 (23f.) 72A31 (90f.) 236A33, B36 (94f.) 99

4535

Sukkah

51b

9. MIDRASH AND RELATED WORKS

257 Mekhilta 306 (p. 338) 263306 (p. 340- 1) 266

Rosh ha-Shana

31b 29

Taanith

29a

Midrash Tannaim(Ed. D. Hoffmann, 1909)

Deut. 26:23 (2, p. 176)

72

Megiilah

7a

(Ed. H. S. Horovitz, I. A. Rabin, 1930)

Wayehi 1 (p. 76) 266Shirata 8 (p. 141f.) 263Wayassa 2 (p. 161) 263Bahodesh 1 (p. 203-4) 197Bahodesh 4 (p. 216-7) 268,278Yitro 9 (p. 236) 416Yitro 9 (p. 238) 268Yitro 10 (p. 239-41) 180Kaspa 20 (p. 327) 286

287

Hagigah

14b15a16a

430417266

Sifre Deuteronomy(Ed. M. Friedmann, 1864)

32 (73b)

(Ed. L. Finkelstein, 1939)129 (p. 262)

180

286

Genesis Rabba(Ed. J. Theodor, Ch. Albeck, 2nd ed.1965)

1,l (p. lr2) 4171.1 (p. 2) 101,26463 (p. 42) 2598,ll (p. 65) 26612,8 (p. 106f.) 26614,8 (p. 132) 46320.2 (p. 182-3) 263

668 669

417

259

581

INDEX OF SOURCES

251 (p. 238-9) 395,39626,7 (p. 253-4) 46338,12f. (p. 361-3) 10844,14f. (p. 437) 41644,2 1 (p. 443f.) 41662,2 (p. 670-4) 41863,8 (p. 692) 414755 (p. 883) 58298,2 (p. 125 1) 419

Exodus Rabba

1,2629525,225,625,726,2

259259259,263259266263

Leviticus Rabba(Ed. M. Margulies, 1953)

13,5 (p. 293)19,6 (p. 436)

472

Numbers Rabba

12,ll19,ll

268263

Pesikta de R. Kahana(Ed. B. Mandelbaum, 1962)

16 (p. 269)Beracha (p. 443)

58268

Pesikta Rabbati(Ed. M. Friedmann, 1880)

43 (179b)43 (180b)

266318

Tanhuma

Tissa 34 (127a) 30

Tanhuma Buber(Ed. S. Buber, 1885)

Bereshit 17 (6b)Behaalotkha 15 (26a-b)

266268

- INDEX OF SOURCES

670 671

Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer

22 467

Midrash on Psalms(Ed. S. Buber, 1891)

18,25 (77a-b) 9924,5 (102b) 26868,ll (160a) 268

Midrash ha-Gadol Genesis(Ed. M. Margulies, 2nd ed., 1975)

p. 132 396p. 206 108p. 252 108p. 440-I 414

Bereshit Rabbati

91 300

Midrash Aggadah

Num. 30: 15 58

Seder Eliahu Rabba(Ed. M. Friedmann, 3rd ed. 1969)

6 (p. 27f.) 10830 (p. 151-3) 318

Seder Eliahu Zutta(Ed. M. Friedmann, 3rd ed. 1969)

25 (p. 47) 108

Megillath Taanith(Ed. H. Lichtenstein, HUCA, 1931-32)

p. 279-280 10p. 286-287 12p. 319 1 2p. 339 4p. 346 10

Bet ha-Midrasch(Ed. A. Jellinek, 3rd ed. 1967)

5, 14-15 581

10. EARLY CHRISTIAN WRITINGS

Ambrose

De Jacob et Vita BeataPL l4,627ff., 662f. 318

Apostolic Constitutions

2:14,9 4122:22, 12-14 5556:16 3287:7,5-6 576

Barnabas

7:lO 3618-21 33718-20 32019:9 301

Clement of Alexandria

Stromata1:13,581:15,69,6

1:21, 141, l-21:21, 141,4-51:221:23, 154,2-31:50, l-31:108, 11:141,32:2,63:163:16, 100,35: 1075:113,1-26:7, 53, 56:14, 1106:15, 120

287448161162125,210166274358120313576412277170447313313

Paedagogus2:1,7

Clement of Rome

Epistle to the Corinthians31427:5

Cyprian

Testimonia3:59

313

313313

39

Epistolae59:15 30171:2 301

Didache (Doctrina Apostolorum)

1-6 337l-5 3371:3-2: 1 3201:6 3012:2-6: 1 3204:6 300

Epiphanius

Adversus Haereses26: 1,3-926:1,4-926:2,226~8, 139:5, 139:5,240:2,240:7,440:7,670

De Mensuris et Ponderibus9

465446,468447445,446446,447467446,447446477477

580

Eusebius

(For quotations of Hellenistic Jewishauthors see also pp. 119-129, 161-169,274-278 and the subject index)

Ecclesiastical Historyl:l-3:lO2:18, 12:18,52: 18,63:5,7-3:8-93:5,73:7, l-93: 10,64:7,74:26, 146:25,27132, 167:32, 17-181 7

232241241247232232232318447287171274274395

INDEX OF SOURCES INDEX C)b SOURC‘ES

Praeparatio Evangelica7: 14,58815, 118:6, l-78:11, 1-189:259:31-349:38

Gelasius

Historia Ecclesiastica2:17, 172:21,7

Gregory of Natianzus

Oratio XV, XVIPG 35,91 l-954

Hermas Pastor

Mandates612, 1

Similitudes26: 1

Hippolytus

Refutatio5:19, l-22, 15:22, 15:26, l-27, 56:6,3-9,2 16:9,4-18, 79: 18-29

Zrenaeus

Adversus Haereses1:20, 11:29,301:30,9

Justinian

novella, nr. 146,Feb 13,553

Jerome

De Viris Illustribus13

25322924724775580580

345345

318

341

313

447,476476447,470470470542

445459467

30

318

Liber PsalmorumPL 28, 1242 291

John Chrysostom

In Sanctos MaccabaeosPG 50,617-628 318

Fragmenta in Beatum JobPG 64,525-550 318

Pseudo-Justin Sulpicius Severu.s

De Monarchia Chronica2 329 2130

Pseudo-Eustathius Tertullian

Commentary on the Hexaemeron Adversus ValentinianosPG 18:729 D 125 212

11. GREEK AND LATIN AUTHORS

Justin Martyr

Apologia1~46 553

Lactantius

Divine Institutes1:67: 14-21

358,369361

Cassius Dio

Roman History53: 1266:1,466:15, 166: 16,366:18, 167: 14,4

Epitome Znstitutionum68 (73) 381

Cicero

De Oratore841342-348

Melito of Sardes

Homily on Easter24-3468

Orator12:3713:42

313564 De Divinatione

1:30,64

Or&en

Comm. on Luke35 (Lk. 12:58f.) 421

Contra Celsum1:15b4:51

170274

Diodorus Siculus

Bibliothecal:l, 31:14-15, 1612:20, 1315:90-9240:3

De Principiis2:3,62137312, 1

411410346

Philocalia23: 15 428

Pseudo-Clement

Recognitiones1132-33

Aeschylus

The Persians181-214353-5 14

Choephori526-539

Apuleius

Metamorphoses5,2211

Aratus

Phaenomenal-95

Aristophanes

Peace1095ff.

Aristotle

Rhetoric1358b, 17-291367b, 26-301392a, 4-71393b, 23-291394a, 12-131414b-1420a

Problemata954a

Cassiodorus

Institutiones1:17. I

127129

127

6769

276276

358

307307307307307307

358

231

Dionysius of Halicarnassus

Roman Antiquities112482:18, 12:20. l-34: 62. 5-64~62

421

672 673

Euripides

Hecuba68-97

202

313

21188192192203187

307

307207

245

206,21716623050169

220230230358358

127

INDEX OF SOURCES

_Hesiod

Works and Days281-292383-694770

Homer

Iliad13:52117:617-619

Odyssey5:55-755:2629: 105-142

Lycophron

Alexandra1283- 14501412-1450

Ovid

Metamorphoses15,391~400

Pausanias

Descriptio Graeciae10:12, 1-910: 12,2

Phlegon

De Longaevis4

Mirabilia10

Plato

Protagoras3 1 3 c

Gorgias523

Phaidon84 AB

Republic10

129

336314217

119124

123277123

360359

358,360369

359

359

263,266

379

263,266

379

Phaedrus244B246 DE247 CD248 BC

Timaeus29 E

30 c33 B38 B41 A-42 B90

Pliny the Elder

Historia Naturalis5:73

Plutarch

De Iside et Osiride13

De Liberis Educandis2 A-C7D

De Pythiae Oraculis6 (397a)

Polybius

Historiae2:56, 11-126: 19-4216:38, 1.3.429:27, 1-83814

PorphyryLife of Plotinos16

Quintilian

Institutio Oratoria314, 12-14317

Seneca

Naturales Quaestiones3129, 1

358263,266263,266263,266

236236236236463266

485

166

237255

358

2061955451 1195

448,450,476

307307

360

Sophocles

Antigone8Olff.891ff.

Elektra417-430

Stobaeus

127

Eclogae3:3,28 313

Strabo

Geography16:2,34-4616:2,40

17115

Suetonius

Julius Caesar84:5 18

Titus6 1927:1 203

Cave of Treasures

6:6-21 328

Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum

(Tcherikover-Fuks-Stern)4,5, 12, 13, 128, 141,424,469 579

3 Enoch (Sefer Hekhalot)

12 450

Nabonidus Chronicle

III rev. (Pritchard, ANET, 306) 37

Oxyrhynchus Papyri (Grenfell et al.)

III, no. 403, pp 4ff. 409

Vespasianus4:55:6

Tacitus

Historiae4: 85-865:95:13,2

Theognis

183-1901133ff.

Tibullus

2:5,71-78

Xenophon

Memorabilia2:1,21-34 t

25188

2002125

314314

359

336

12. VARIA

Papyri Graeci Magici (Preisendanz)

5,480 40845,3 408

Paul, Apocalypse of

49 58

Silvanus, Teachings of

113, l-7 313

Zand-i Vohuman yasn (Bahman Yasht)

chap. 1 and 3 361

674 675

Index of Names and Subjects

Abel l lO-3,243,459,464,467,574; burial of 112; judgment before 62,421; proto-martyr 62Abimelech and the vineyard of Agrippa 72-74,411Abraham 39,42,60-3,97-9, 104-5, 108-9, 119, 122, 124, 165-72,218,237-S, 240,244,246,248,

255,260,272, 310, 328-9,415-21,429,447, 565, 570, 572, 574; chariot ride 60, 62, 326;heavenly journey 62, 127; vision of God 415, 417, 420; wisdom of 98, 105, 310;exemplary righteousness 61, 62, 170, 172; obedient faith 61, 99, 168; polemic againstidolatry 63, 98, 146; martyrdom of 146; ten trials of 99, 353; in the fiery furnace 108:teaching astrology 165-7; prototype of proselytes 272,350,353; Abrahamic works 416

Abraham, Apocalypse of XX, 127,350,353,393-4,411,415-8,429,434,440,446,565; Gnosticwork 416,447

Abraham, Testament of 60-4,66,85-6, 112,326,328,353,416,420-l, 467Achier, the Ammonite 467,49-5 1Acts 582Adam 62, 107, 110-18, 154, 162,240,297,303,310,327,339,402,406-7,417-S, 450-2.459-62,

467-8,470-2,567,576; death and burial of 110-3, 116,327-S; purified in the AcherusianLake 112, 117; revelations to Seth 113-5, 470-71; penitence of 113, 117; ascension of115; Adam/Christ typology 117; why created last 242,259; interpretation of his name406,450; Adamic works 89, 115-6, 118, 154,446,471-2,478; See also Adam and Eve

Adam, Apocalypse of 445-6,451,472; Gnostic work 117-8, 154,445,451,453,469,470-4,478Adam, Death of (Armenian) 118Adam, Penitence of (Armenian) 114-7, 153-4A&m, Testament of 327-8,330Adam and Eve 110, 236-7, 243, 461, 556;quest for food 113, 115; penitence of 114, 115;

revelations to Seth 472Adam and Eve, Books of 61,110-8, 153, 154,399,453,470-2; See Moses, Apocalypse ofAdam and Eve, Life of 110,113-8, 153-4,328,346,471Aenesidemus (Phyrronic philosopher) Ten Tropes 256Aeschylus 256; Oresteia 360Agrippa I 18,21,227,252Agrippa II 187, 189, 193f., 209- 11,220; speech of 194-6,202,205; death of 210-l 1,227

Ahikar, Story of (Wisdom of) 34,38,41, 134,284,319,321,323Akabya ben Mahalaleel 286Akedah (Sacrifice of Isaac) 63,98-9,119,161,218,574Akiba, Rabbi 30,268,286,300,3 19Alcimus 13, 145, 173,510Alexander Balas 11, 173,580Alexander the Great 1,3,4, 170,213,223,366,369,371Alexander Jannaeus 14-17,171, 177,222,300,511,513,527,529,543Alexandra Salome 14, 16,213,512,543

677

INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

Alexandria, Jewish community of 79-81, 84, 121, 228-9, 235, 237, 246, 251-5, 257-9, 279-80,282,367,463,571,581,593

Allegorical interpretation 70,76,78-80,86,233,237-9,241-6,255,259-62,274,279-8 1,359-60,372

Allogenes (Sethian Gnostic Tractate) 446,453,459,477. See also Gnosticism, SethAmbrose 280Amos (prophet) 95; martyrdom of 58Amos, Book of 495Amram 108,326Amram, Visions of (Qumran) 326,395,421,425,488,535Anatolius 274Ananus, the high priest 189, 195, 197-8,202,204Anaxagoras 248Angelic Liturgy (Qumran) 424-5,524-J, 565-6Angels 62,63,72,9 l- 102, 111-3, 122,27 1,273,326-7,330,337,341,346,35 l-2,362,372-3,377,

385, 396, 404, 407,411-3,417,424-8,433,447-8,451-6,459,462-7,471,476, 515,525,534, 535, 542, 562, 564-5, 572-3; angelology 383, 391, 393, 421, 424, 427, 535, 566;angelophany 40,44,46,49; angelus interpres 35,44,62,69,112,362,383,385,467,478;angelic scribes 62,72; prayers of 91,92,95; intercessors 112; angelic hymns 112,425,565; archangels 46,27 1,273,406,452-53,462,525; angels of the presence 97,99,100-01;angel of peace 336,340-L 402; Angel of Light 534,535; origin 104,106; rebellion%, 91,93,95,96,97; fallen angels 152,404,456,466,469; angelic dualism 46,55,336; descentof 452-3; Seventy Shepherds 404; Asael92,400,452-3; Baraqel %; Eleleth 464,465,469; Gabriel 469; Jaoel416-7; Puruel63; Raphael 41-4; Sarlel90-91,452; Semihazah90,92,96,400,453,466. See also Belial, Demons, Giants, Michael, Satan, Watchers

Antigonus 18-9,214-5,224Antiochus III the Great 7,80, 163,291,545Antiochus IV Epiphanes 9, 11,36,50,54-5,75,92, 145-6,173,177-82,219,317,366,369,511,

534; persecution of 2, 7-8, 45, 49, 54, 150, 171, 317, 347; pollution of the temple 54,102-03, 174; edict of 102-03; letters of 580,586,595; death of 173, 177-9, 182,572

Antiochus V Eupator 10, 145,179, 182Antiochus VII Sidetes 13, 174,5 11Antiochus of Ascalon 265Antipas, Herod 20-2 1,215-6,222Antipater II (father of Herod) 14, 19,213-4Antipater III (son of Herod) 2 15,22 1Antisthenes of Rhodes 36 1Antoninus Pius 582,593Apion (Alexandrian rhetorician) 228-9Apocalypse 89, 98, 100, 102, 109, 117, 326, 330, 346, 353, 361, 383f., 405-6, 437-8, 447, 455,

458, 470, 474-8, 544; genre definition 362, 383, 392-4, 470; historical apocalypses 46,114, 117, 362; political apocalypses 386; later Jewish apocalypses 436, 441; AnimalApocalypse, see 1 Enoch

Apocalypse of the Strangers (Gnostic) 447Apocalyptic Literature XX, 25,28,46,92,340,346,362,372-3,383-441,493,536,544,575Apocalypticism 25, 46, 55, 90, 92, 128, 205, 338, 340, 403-4,441,458-9,461, 466-7,470, 472,

516,573; apocalyptic seers 330,425,428,433Apollonius (lieutenant of Antiochus IV) 145,3 17Apollonius (Ptolemaic finance minister) 5, 6Apollonius of Tyana 327,329Apologetics 157, 161, 163-4, 167, 174, 186, 189, 192, 210, 217, 224-32, 235, 379, 552-3, 587;

apologia 188, 285; apologetic works 163, 183, 185, 187,227, 229Apostasy 52,83,244,250,252,257,260,272,309,317,444,497,515

678

INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

Apostrophe 208-9,572Aquila 30,286Aratus (Stoic philosopher) 275-6Archelaus 20,213,215,222,227,484; marriage to Glaphyra 22 1; prophetic dream of 224Archons 447,449,453,460,464-5,468-9; seduction of Eve 447,464,468; lust for Norea 464,

468Archons, Hypostasis of (Gnostic) 118,448,453,459,464-70, 477Archontics. See GnosticismA&teas, On the Jews 75,168Aristeas, Epistle of (Aristeas to Phi&rates) 3,33,75-80,82-3,86-7,120-l, 136,168,170,212-3,

279,580-l, 586Aristobulus (philosopher) 182,233,271,274-9,282,299Aristobulus I 5, 14-5, 170,219,224Aristobulus II 16, 18,222,227,512Aristocrats, high priestly. See Jerusalem, aristocracyAristotle 4,236,249,256,289,307-8,3 12; Protreptikos 307Artapanus 157, 161,166-g, 211Artaxemes, decrees of 135-7,580,584-5,587Artaxerxes I 159Artaxerxes II 50,51Artaxerxes III 50,545Aseneth 66-71,564; conversion of 36,65,67; prototypical proselyte 65,564; prayer of 65,564;

immortality of 66,68. See also Joseph and AsenethAsher, Testament of 325,333,336-7Asmodaeus. See DemonsAthronges. See Revolutionaries, JewishAtonement, Day of 234,568-9Audians. See GnosticismAugustine 381Augustus 20-21,83,206,217,225,254,312,315,371,379Azariah, Prayer of X49-52,339,553-4,571-2Azazel. See Demons

Babylon 34-7,58,72-4, 140, 143-4, 147, 158-9, 162,204. See also ExileBalaam 428, 510,540Baptism 73, 117,362,364-5,380,470,473,537,547; Jewish/Christian baptist circles 117,365,

450Bar Kokhba (Shimon bar Kosiba) 329, 357, 484, 579, 589, 590-2; War of 18, 31, 579, 588;

Letters of 488,583,588-92, 593; Bar Kokhba Greek papyri 595Barnabas, Epistle of 320,337,341Baruch 72-3, 109, 130-1, 140, 143, 146-7, 149,329,408,411,495,584; prayer of 72, 140-4, 149,

576; letter of 73, 581, 584, 587, 593; revelation of 410-l; Ethiopic Baruch apocalypse408; Gnostic Baruch 447,470

1 Baruch 41,74, 130-1,140-6, 147, 149,155-6,319,399,408,427,557,562,571,5812 Baruch (Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch) 28, 74-5, 86, 109, 118, 146, 153, 391, 393-4,408-10,

411-2,414,416,433-5,439,575-6, 577,581,584-5, 5873 Baruch (Greek Apocalypse of Baruch) 146,353,393-4,408,410-2,440Bechir-ra, the false prophet. See Isaiah, Martyrdom ofBe1 and the Dragon 37,38-40, 58, 67, 84, 146, 149Belial 340-1, 371-2,493,497, 500,513, 515-6, 518,521,541, 561, 569; Angel of Evil 534Beliar 52-3, 336-40, 37 1Belshazzar 36-7, 140, 145Benedictions (Qumran) 490, 498, 5 17, 524, 569, 570

679

INDHX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

Benjumin. Testument of 333. 344Ben Siru (Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach) XX, XXI, 41, 45, 285-6. 290-301, 310, 316,

322-3.385,389.395,401.407, 533, 557-9; Praise of Famous Men 291-2,296-7.301Berakhot (Qumran) 525Berakot-Milhama (Qumran) 516Bereshit Rabbati 127Berossus 163, 170,360-L 366,587Biblical Antiquities, Book of (Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum) 89,107-10, 127, 153,212,234,

329,340,346,409,414,467,572,574-5,571; Prayer of Moses 346Biography 235, 238-9; biographical novel (bios) 235Birkat ha-minim. See PrayerBoethus 256Book of the Dead, Egyptian 63,335Book of Discipline (Syriac) 559Book of the Installation of the Archangel Gabriel (Coptic) 469Brigands. See Revolutionaries, Jewish

Cain I IO, I 13-6.224,240.243.328,459,463,467,469,486; son of Sammael486Calendar. See ChronologyCaligula 3 I8Callimachus 277Canon 23,45,52,89, 130, 135, 138-9,287,297,300; list ofcanonical books 171,301Cantic!es, Book of 70.288Canticles of the Instructor (Qumran) 566Cassiodorus 23 1Cassius Dio 203Cassius Longinus 19Cestius Gallus 2 1, 189, 202Chaeremon (Stoic philosopher) 228Chreia. See HomilyChronicle 94, 107, 169, 176Chronicles 157. 555: the Chronicler 218, 587Chronology 97, 159. 161-2. 170,260,277,287,390,522.544; calendrical systems 29, 100, 170,

258.277, 383, 391. 395.403-4, 424,433,435, 529-30,559, 583; solar calendar 97-8, 100,139.277.403.486.492,528,530,546; lunar calendar 103,277,403; calendar of Jubilees103. 153: calendar of Qumran 103, 139, 153,277-8,492

Chrysippus 256Cicero 307Circumcision 73-4. 78.98. 101. 103, 122, 124. 167, 229,260, 280,337,553Claudius 21-2. 178. 216.226, 252-4; letters of216,253-4; edict of216Cleanthes 256Clearchuc of ‘SoliL 4Clement of Alexandria 120, 125, 160-3, 166-7, 169-70, 274, 276, 279-80, 287, 291, 345, 447,

576; Paedagogus 30 1Cleodemu sMalchus 161. 168,21 ICleop tra I S. I3X. 367-8, 370. 372-6, 5 13; Cleopatra VII 367c’luvius Rufus 216Copper Scroll (Qumran) 488, 53 I<‘ourt Tales 135-37. 159. 169. 283-5; court conspiracies 34, 38, 82<‘ovenant 141, 149. 218, 339-40. 346-7Creation 91. 234. 230, 237ff.. 264f.. 271. 275-6. 285. 287, 295-6, 299. 303. 305, 31 I, 360, 378,

399.407.4 IO. 422.437. 533, 575

Cynicism 78, 148Cypr ian 39,291,301C y r u s 36,38,39, 158-9,366; conversion o f 39; edict of 2, 158Cyrus, Cylinder of 37

Damascus Covenant (Zadokite Documents) 101, 103,486-7,489,490-7,502-4.509.5 12-3,517,525-6, 529-30, 532, 537-40, 542, 544, 549; Admonition 491, 495-7; Legal Code 491,495-7; Book of (the) Hago 493 (see also Temple Scroll); Missionary Document 496,546;Memorandum 496

Dan, Testament of 334. 344Daniel 35,38-40,49,56-9.105,172,223,338,413,425-6.431,554,572; prayer of 140,143,145;

prophecy of 211; burial of 59; Danielic stories 37, 38, 69, 134, 144; Danielic literature554

Daniel, Book of 33-4,37,49-50,84, 103, 130, 134, 143, 145, 149-50, 158-9. 178.211,223,319,364, 388, 393, 404, 415, 425-6, 433-4, 488, 506, 508, 515, 553-6, 580, 587; Danielic

fragments (Qumran) 554Daniel, Additions to 33-6,37-40, 130- 1, 149-52, 156, 159,522-4,562. See also Azariah, Prayer

of; Be1 and the Dragon; Susanna; Three Young Men, Song ofDaniel, Life of 56Darius 1, 131-3, 158-60,545,581; his concubine Apame 132-35; royal encyclical of 581Darius' Bodyguards, Story of (1 Esdras 3-4) 131-5, 155, 158-9David 2, 16, 49, 57. 108, 138-40, 162-4. 172. 223-4. 283, 317, 325, 423,457, 507, 521, 559-62,

569-70. 572,574-5; David’s wisdom 138-9; David as a prophet 138, 140,223,507,569;messianic forebear 140,521; messianic king 569; Tomb of David 14,220

David’s Compositions. See Psalms ScrollDavid, Songs of (Cairo Geniza) 568-9Dead Sea Scrolls, Dead Sea Sect. See Qumran, EssenesDeath (Thanatos). See Abraham, Testament ofDeborah 48. 109,329; testament of 329; Song of 562,571,574Demetrius (the historian) 120, 126, 157,161-2, 163, 165, 169, 211,279Demetrius I Soter 10-l 1, 51, 162-63, 173, 511, 583Demetrius II Nicator 173Demetrius III Eukairos 511, 543Demetrius of Phalerum 76, 78Demiurge 265. 463, 466, 475; Blasphemy of 458-9, 463-6, 479; Yaldabaoth-Saklas-Samael

463-4.466Democritus 248-9,256Demons 55.93. 327.448.455.457.475; demonic powers 53.98; demonology 327.393,448;

demonization 463; evil spirits 54,63,336,339,400,575.561; Asmodaeus42; Azazel415.417. 418; Melchi-ra, Melchi-resha 55, 326; Sammael 52.412.464.468. See also Belial,Satan

Dcmotic Chronicle 362. 422Destiny 2046.230; divine providence 205-6,217,218-9,220-4.230,236.250-l, 299,318,437;

Fortune 205-6. 220; predestination 486, 501, 524, 533, 536-8, 546-7, 549; doublepredestination 533. 536, 538

Deuterommv 127. 140-2. 219. 239-41. 288, 345, 391, 497, 500; Deuteronomic theology ofhistory 4 I, 2 IX. 325. 330. 338-40,346-7,384

Diadochi, wars of‘ 3. 6. 92. 40 IDiaspora 2. 34. 37-8. 45. IX. 269, 320. 344, 353-4; Diaspora revolt 372Didachc (I)octrina Apostolorum) 320,324,337,34 1; Two Ways 320; doctrine of the two ways

333-4. 336-7. 34 IthkJ.WJh~J. ~~177~JC 555

Dinah 00-X. I ? I-4

680 681

INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJE<‘l‘S INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

Diocletian 29Diodorus Siculus 5 1,206,2 17,230Diogenes 256Dionysius of Halicarnassus 217,220,230Discourse 307-8,3 11; farewell discourses 325-6,329-3 1,333,345Dispute over Suicide (Egyptian) 284Domitian 187, 193,200,210,228Dositheus, Dositheans 81,367,476Doxology. See HymnsDrama 129-30, 137, 155, 168, 180,206,209,212,218,221-2

Ebionites 365Eighteen Benedictions. See PrayerEirenicon 73Ekphrasis. See GenreElchasai, Elcasaites 365,450Elchasai, Book of (Gnostic) 450Eleazar. See MartyrdomEleazar ben Ananias (Zealot leader) 196, 198Eleazar ben Jair (leader of the Sicarii) 195,200,209Eleazar, the Jewish High Priest 76,78-9,82, 136,580Elect of God Text (Qumran) 398,424,s 1Elephantine 34,284,579,594Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, Rabbi 30,286-7Elijah 56, 163, 172,223,570,572; apocalypse of 395; Elijah testimonia 395Encomium 163,224,229-30,307-gEncyclia 244,254f.Enoch 62,89, 90,92-6,98, 100, 104, 106, 110, 152, 167,237,329,338,385,395,396,400-8,

428-9, 43 1,433-4,439,449,45 1; Enochic traditions 89,96,98, 110,399,406,45 1,472;heavenly scribe 62,90,96,395-6; prophet ofjudgment 90,92; Son of Man 127,399,401,403; Enoch = Metatron 466; ascent to heaven 90, 92, 127, 401, 407, 455; heavenlyjourneys 385, 396; reveals heavenly mysteries 407-8; discovered astrology 165, 403;prayer of 95; farewell discourse 329; assumption to heaven 329, 403, 466; Enochicliterature 98, 110,388,392, 395-6,398,406-g, 424,438,445,449,451-6,478,546

I Enoch (Ethiopic Enoch) XX, XXI, 5,9O-5, 103-4, 106-7,110, 152,329,385,393-4,395-406,407, 417-18, 428, 434-5, 439, 452-5, 466, 487, 530, 546. Chaps. 6-l 1 89, 90-2, 95-6.Chaps. 12-16 92-3,96, 107, 114-5,401. Chaps 65-7 94-5,%. Chaps. 83-4 94-5,96.Chaps 106-7 93-4,95-7, 104. Book of the Watchers 329,384,391,400,403,452-3,456,546. Similitudes (Parables) 397404, 406-7, 432, 435, 439. Book of the Luminaries(Astronomical Treatise) 103, 384, 391-2, 397-8, 403-4, 424-5, 435, 439, 452, 484, 546.Dream Visions 397,404,434,439. Epistle of Enoch 397,405-6,419,439,58 1. Apocabpseof Weeks 364,397,405,439. Animal Apocalypse 520,539,544-6

2 Enoch (Slavonic Enoch) 94,329, 353, 393-4,396,402,405,406-8,411,419,435,439,449,455-6,474,476

3 Enoch (Hebrew Enoch) 396,450Enosh 237,450; apocalypse of 45 1Epaphroditus 189Epic 26, 129, 380,575-6Epicurus, Epicureans 223,236,249-50, 309,584Epiphanius 56,445-g, 465,468,477Epistles 579ff.; epistolography 592, 595, 596; letter-forms 582-4, 592; epistolary formulae

585; parties’ formula 589-90, 594; salutations 589-90, 593; oratio recta 590; formulavaletudinis 590-2, 595; proskynesis formula 596; papyrus letters 585,595

Eschatology 20, 25, 59,68,93,98, 100, 146, 152,235,323,330,346,3S9,362-5,370-2,378-80,383, 385, 387, 390-1, 394,401-7,410,413,416-27, 432-6,474,490-2,505, 512, 517, 524,538-42, 547, 570, 573; eschaton 74, 101, 384,411, 415,427, 437,498, 508, 535, 539-40,544; eschatological war 390,402,426-7,492-3,499,513,515, 528, 540-2, 570; eschato-logical age 235,269,343,366,493,510,536; esch.scenario 337,348; esch.judgement 375,379,402-3; apocalyptic eschatology 383,385-7,390,418,433,438; political eschatology422; esch.predictions 349, 385, 390, 419, 421; in Jubilees 152; world to come 91, 300;afterlife 309,3 15,3 19,339,373; eschatological writings XXI, 508,5 14f.

1 Esdras 130,131-5, 155,157-60, 183,213,3192 Esdras 158, 159,2 13. See 4 EzraEsotericism 358,391,422,425,428,430,432,438,441,477Essenes XXII, 13, 27, 55, 103, 106, 186, 223-4,247-9,299, 348,354,368,403,425,434,485-7,

500,512, 542-4, 546, 55 1, 559-61, 563,567, 569, 576-7; origin 71; Essene settlement 27,485, 487; doctrines 106, 414, 432; rites, practices 365, 490, 526; Essene reform 496;calendar 277-8, 525; Essene writings 342,403,434,560,567,569

Esther 49, 135-7; prayer of 84, 135-6,552-3,571; marriage to a gentile 136-7Esther, Book of 34,38, 83, 130, 134, 137, 183,213,399,552Esther, Additions to 49,76,83-4,87,135-8, 150, 155, 159,213,339,355,552-4,562,571,580-l,

585,587Eugnostos (Gnostic) 459-60,477Euhemerism 165, 167,360- 1,366Eulogy 224,239,3 17,376Eupolemus 57, 120, 161,162-5, 167, 169, 177, 184,211,580,584-5Euripides 256Eusebius 118-9, 121, 125, 128, 160-9,228,232,241,247,249,278-9,282,318,447; Praeparatio

Evangelica 118, 16 l-2,274,580; Historia Ecclesiastica 274Eve l lO-5,117,328,463-4,467-g, 471,478; dream of 111; prayer of 112; Eve’s vision 113,117;

Eve’s narrative 113-5; penitence of 113-4, 117; death and buriel 113; testament of 113,115; seduction by the Archons 447,459,468; Eve = Zoi?, daughter of Sophia 466,467;Gospel of Eve 446. See also Adam and Eve

Evil Inclination 337, 561Exegesis on the Soul (Gnostic) 478Exhortation 20,48,91,98, 106, 144,240,249,325-30,333-7,339-41,343-4,346,349-51,364-5,

368-9, 375, 378-80, 405, 476, 491, 516, 572, 584; hortatory material 326-7, 333-6, 340,343-4, 346, 369, 405; testamentary exhortation 112, 419; ethical exhortation 325, 368,380; logos protreptikos 307

Exile 28, 100, 140-8, 158, 162,219,223,285; rescue from 48,51, 143; exile and return(theme)140-6

Exodus 73-4,218.228-9,258,288,304-6,308-10; second exodus 141Exodus, Book of 107, 239-42,488, 519Exordium 307,3 16Ezekias, rebel leader 26,222Ezekiel(prophet) 56-8, 3 11, 385-7,428,462,466,53 1; apocalypse of Ezekiel 395Ezekiel, Book of 404.495, 565Ezekiel the Tragedian XXII, 89-90,125-30, 154-5, 279; Exagoge 125Ezra 2.49, 5 1,75, 158-60,297,412-4,43 1, 576; prayer of 576; reading of the Law 158; books

revealed to 412,414; Ezra literature 159,412Ezra, Book of 131, 158-60,488, 587Ezra, Vision of 4 124 Ezra (Second Esdras, Apocalypse of&a) z&44,74-5, 109, 118, 128, 393-4,409-l 1,412-d,

4167.428.432-5.437,440,575-6,577

F e l i x 185

682 683

INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

Fiction 143, 1456,552,563; romance 157, 168.21 I, 335Flaccus 245,25 1Flavians 29, 186, 192,200-203,206,412Folklore 40, 111, 134,283; animal tales 283; proverbs 283,285,287; riddles 283,288Fourth Philosophy 3,222,227

Gabinius (Pompey’s agent) 17,23,227Gad, Testament of 334, 337, 344Gaius Cal&la 2 1, 185,228,235,246,25 l-2,254; Gaius’ statue 2 1,2 15,222; assassination of

216,222Gamala, siege of 200,207Gamaliel II 29,30, 581, 583, 591-3Gehenna. See JudgmentGelasius 345,452Genesis, Book of 65,89-92, 106,234,239-44,304,328,445,460-l, 474,476-8Genesis Apocryphon (Qumran) 89,94, 104-7, 110, 153,234,395,405,488Genesis Rabba 243Genre, literary 34, 36, 59, 71, 76, 78, 89, 104-5, 137, 287, 307, 325, 330, 383ff., 393, 394, 418,

433ff., 503-4,507,529,532,551,556-7,560-l, 580; historical genre 157, 178; Hellenistic118, 120, 129,3 12; Hellenistic treatise on kingship 77-8,529; ekphrasis 76,78; gnomicpoetry 289, 315; rule (serekh) 489-90; symposium 77, 78; travelogue 76. See alsoApocalypse, Novel, Pesher, Testament

Germanicus 246Gessius Florus 22,27, 196Giants 90-1,95-7, 152, 165,243,297,378,400,406,452Giants, Book of (Enochic) 95-7, 152,392, 397-8,400,406,439,449,451-2,456,488Giants, Book of (Manichaean) 96, 152,449,452,456Gnomic poetry. See GenreGnosticism 97, 118, 273, 281, 313, 320, 380, 389, 408, 416, 432,435,443-81; gnosis 444,457,

472, 475; Gnostic literature 118, 408, 436, 445-6, 449, 451, 458, 464, 470f.; Gnosticapocalypses 435,44 1; Sethian Gnosticism 443,446-7,450,452-3,458-9,465,469,470,473, 476-7,48 1; Mandaean Gnosticism 450,474,478,480; Simonian Gnosticism 478;Nicolaitan Gnostics 447-8,468; Barbel0 Gnostics 459; Audians 447; Archontics 446-7.See also Nag Hammadi, Seth

Gospel of the Egyptians (Gnostic) 446,453,459,469,473

Habakkuk (prophet) 39-40,59Habakkuk, Book of 508Habakkuk, Life of 58Hadrian 75,318,371Hagar. See SarahHaggadic traditions 52, 128,212,259,262,263,404,463,468,479,574; Palestinian haggadah

258,28 1Halakhah 23, 30-1,48, 50-51,97-104, 106, 110, 128,258-9,435,486,491-2,505,509,520,527,

529, 546; Pharisaic halakhoth 99, 525f; pre-Pharisaic halakhoth 48, 50-l; Sadduceanhalakhoth 99, 525; Qumran 99, 103, 486, 525-30; in Jubilees 97-9, 152; Palestinianhalakhah 258, 281; rabbinic 525, 529-30; pre-rabbinic 282; purity laws 337, 400, 499,5 16,526,528,530

Ham 240,447Hananiah, Rabbi 582Hannah, song of 562,574Hanukkah 183,3 18; Hanukkah letters 580,583,586,594Hasidim 12-13, 173,388, 405, 547, 560, 573

Hasmoneans 4, 8, 12, 14-19, 22-3, 49, 101-2, 173-4, 176-7, 185, 214, 219, 227, 347, 510, 512,528; Hasmonean uprising 1-3, 7,8, 9-13, 23, 571; Hasmonean State 2,9, 11, 13-6, 18;dynasty 18, 101, 172-3, 176, 573; family 9, 12, 17, 20, 171-2, 181; rule 12, 14-5, 18, 55,174, 177,214,510,545; priesthood 12, 15, 102,339,544; anti-Hasmonean polemics 102,178; Asamonaios 219,220; Hasmonean period 13,15-16,18,49,5 1,223,344,485-6,488,511,514,517,543,565,567,572

Heavenly journey 60,62,328,387,396,411,425,478Hebrews, Epistle to the 56,280,522, 581Hecataeus of Abdera 22,76,78, 163, 165, 169-70Hegesippus 23 1Heimarmene (Fate) 204-5,448-9,459. See also DestinyHekhalot Literature 436, 565Heliodorus (agent of Seleucus V) 8 1, 18 1Hellenism 1, 12, 101-2, 112, 120-1, 162, 174,204, 551; hellenization 4-6, 8-9, 14, 16, 102, 173,

179, 182,212-3,544-5; Hellenists 8,343,511,546,547; Hellenistic culture 1,79,130,259,312; Hellenistic Judaism XXII, 80,259,289,564; Hellenistic Reform 103, 176; Hellen-istic kingship 268,529; Hellenistic historians 204,206; Hellenistic literature 4,76, 157,161

Hellenistic Jewish Literature 211, 246, 395, 421, 474, 541, 553; fragments of Hellenistichistorians 160-8, 184,2 11; Hellenistic Jewish poets I1 8-30

Heraclides Ponticus 316,358Heraclitus 256,275,358,378Hermas Pastor 341,343; Mandates 337,342Hermetic writings 427,474; Corpus Hermeticum 423,456,474Herod Agrippa I 215-6,222Herod Antipas. See Antipas, HerodHerod the Great 16,18-21,23,25-6,191, 193-4,213-5,219-24,226-7,347,399,488,490-l, 498,

5 11,5 15-6,543,565; building projects 20,194; execution of Alexander and Aristobulus214; executionofMariamne220-l;deathof25, 194,215,221,419,420;Memoirsof215

Herodians 19-20,22, 185, 191, 193,213,215,219,221-4,226-7,518,527Herodotus 330Hesiod 256,249,277,314,378-9,381; Theogony 379; Works and Days 379Hezekiah, rebel leader. See EzekiasHezekiah, Testament of 329Hieralaias the Prophet, Seventh Cosmos of (Gnostic) 448-49Hillel the Elder 19,30-l, 286Hippocrates 256Hippolytus 447,470,476, 542Historiography XVII, XX, 1, 28, 157, 160, 189; 194, 195, 217, 228, 231-2, 251; biblical

historiography 157-8, 206, 218, 221, 225, 231, 388; Greek XXII, 157, 162, 168, 205-6,228,25 I; ethnographic 163, 165, 167; tragic-pathetic 80-3, 178,206; rhetorical 206,217;political and military 217; periodizatiori of history 362,388,436-7,441, 536, 539

Hodayot. See Thanksgiving PsalmsHoly Book (Gnostic) 448-9, 455Homer IIW. 123.2 16,242, 255-6, 262,277-8,330,369, 374, 381Homily 334-5. 344.457. 584; Cynic-Stoic chreia 78Horoscopes (Qumran) 424, 531. 535Hosea (prophet) 59Hosea. Book of’ 5 I4Hymns 4% 44. 49. 150, 175. 298. 306, 308,349,352,354, 380,417,459,474,478,498,501, 502,

516-7. 522-3. S.51.77; thanksgiving hymns 40, 559, 567; hymns of praise 149, 151, 567,57 1; hapiential hymns 558, 560; mystical hymns 563; doxology 44, 82, 134, 150, 554;Kiulcli\h 569

684 685

INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJEC‘TS

Hypsiphrone (Gnostic apocalypse) 477Hyrcanus I (John Hyrcanus) 13-15, 101, 125, 166, 171, 177, 485, 516, 527; conquest of

Shechem 123-4; king, priest and prophet 223,235Hyrcanus II 16-18,23,213, 215,221-2,227, 512, 543Hystaspes, Oracle of 361, 38 1,422

Idolatry 69-71, 78, 103, 146-7,253,259,315,364,366, 368, 370,373, 375,377,380,585Idumaeans 13-14, 19,26, 197,204,207Instructions of Shuruppak (Sumerian) 284Zpuwer, Admonitions of (Egyptian) 361Irenaeus 445,459,462Isaac 94,97, 119,237,246,248,328-9Isaac, Sacrifice of. See AkedahIsaac, Testament of 85-6,328-30Isaiah (prophet) 52-8,223,541; martyrdom of 53-4; dying prayer 57; ascetic way of life 430Isaiah, Book of 39,288,386,513-4; Second Isaiah 48, 131, 141-2,386-7,438Isaiah, Martyrdom of (Ascension of) 52-6, 74, 85, 329, 446, 534, 541; Bechir-ra, the false

prophet 53-5Ishmael, Rabbi 268,286,577Isis-Osiris 70, 166,215,281, 362,368Isocrates 584Issachar, Testament of 333

Jacob 66,68,97,99, 119, 121-3, 126, 161-2,237,245,247-g, 260,295,310,317,325,328,330,419,470,560; dreams of 245; blessing of 330,540; Jacob slays Esau 99; Star of Jacob(Qumran) 518

Jacob, Testament of 85-6,328-30James (brother of Jesus) trial and death of 23,216James, Epistle of 300,320, 353Jason (high priest) 8, 179-80Jason of Cyrene 176-80, 182,318Jerahmeel, Chronicles of 153,467Jeremiah (prophet) 53, 56-8, 72-5, 140, 143-4, 146-7, 163-4, 181-2,223, 581,584-5; conceal-

ment of the Ark 57, 164; hid the temple vessels 182; revelation of 73; stoned to death 58,73; letter of 144, 146-7,593, apocryphal prophecy of 162

Jeremiah, Book of 72, 130, 140, 142-6, 155-6,208,288,390-l, 427, 571Jeremiah, Epistle of XXI, 40,146-9, 150,581,584-5, 587-8Jeremiah, Paraleipomena of 72-5, 86, 146,408-9,411, 581,585Jerome 30,79, 135,291,318Jerusalem 2, 7-9, 12, 19, 21-9, 43-4, 51-7, 72-6, 81, 83, 102, 119, 121, 123, 133, 138, 142-4,

Jesus

158-61, 173-4, 177-9, 187-91, 196-7,203-4,206,212,222,227,257,259,271,291-2,372-3,457,510-l, 513,520,528,541,543,556; sacked by the Babylonians 146,211; rebuildingof 158,413; hydraulic system of 120; Greek polis 8; high-priestly aristocracy g-9,55,93,179, 186, 189, 197-8; cult 55,74-5; siege of 27, 194-5,201,207; fall of 16-17,53,75, 109,146, 16 I, 193-4,232; destruction of 140,143,177,195-6,209,220,362,364,377-g; futureJerusalem 43, 509, 520, 557; the New Jerusalem 110, 119,385, 520,531,556; heavenlyJerusalem 35 1, 385,425,437. See also Temple38, 56, 58, 71-4,94-5, 117, 140,216, 260,449,450,454,457-8,460,467; conception andbirth of 94; the infant 558; teaching 235,3 19,376-7; trial of 23; crucifixion 37 1,5 11; Sonof God 7 l-2; Messiah 73-4; wisdom attributed to 3 19-20,324; Joseph as a type of Christ334,341; high priest 522; thanksgiving hymn of 567; Christ 232,339,376,415,461,470,472; Christ, eschatological judge 380; Adam-Christ typology 117; christology 60;Gnostic revealer 449f., 460

INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

Jesus, the priest; speech of 195,207; death of 204Jeu, Book of (Gnostic) 449,455Jewish sects (philosophical schools) 186f., 193,214-5,226,486,512Job 39,63,99, 168,285-6,326,349-53,563-4; polemic against idolatry 63; Job and Satan 349;

Job’s soul taken up to heaven on a chariot 350; Job = Iobab 168, 350; conversion of350,353; Job’s suffering 350,564; death of 286,563

Job, Book of 41,98,141,168,285-6,287,310,321,349Job, Targum to (Qumran) 286,321,488Job, Testament of 63,99, 168,286,321,326,330,349-54, 355,563, 565Joel, Book of 386Joel, Life of 56, 57, 59Johanan ben Torta, Rabbi 197John, Apocryphon of (Gnostic) 118,447,453-5,456,4.58-64,465-6,469,477,479,John, Gospel of 280,300,320,324,353; Johannine writings 464,522,535John the Baptist 55,216,222,362,364,552John the Essene 543John of Gischala 27, 188-9, 198-9,202-4,207Jonah 57,59,246,570Jonathan (the Hasmonean) 10-l 1, 13, 102, 172-4, 486, 510, 543, 545, 580; first Hasmonean

high priest 11,545,580Joseph 34, 36, 38, 65-71, 99, 105, 119-20, 127, 172, 239, 283, 333-6, 338, 344, 353, 572; the

patriarch Joseph 65, 119; marriage with Aseneth 65,68,335,564; chastity of 317,333,336; wisdom of 283,3 10; dreams of 245; ten trials of 99; death 236; Son of God 66-7,69,7 1; type of Christ 334,341

Joseph and Aseneth 65-71,86, 130,353,564-5Joseph, Prayer of 428Joseph, Testament of 326,333,344,353Josephus, Flavius xX,Xx11,4,6, 13, 15-18,22-7,81, 106, 115-6, 120, 124, 133, 157~64,168-72,

183, 185ff., 232,277,288,318-9,357,360,462,485-7,490,500,512,526,542-3,580, 582,585,587-8; TheAntiquities 3,109,157,164,210-27,596; The Jewish War 157,192-210;Against Apion 164, 170, 185-92, 227-31; Life 185-92; On Customs and Causes 212;genealogy 185f.; relations wit the Flavians 186-7; marriages 187; leadership in Galilee187f., 194; brought before Vespasian 188; prophecy of 188,205; speeches of 195, 199,202; lament of 208. See also John of Gischala, Jotapata, siege of

Joshua 74, 108, 172,234,325,345,347,570,572; testament of 329Joshua, Book of 74, 107-8,247Joshua, Book of(Samaritan) 23 1Joshua, Psalms of (Qumran) 5 18Joshua, Rabbi 582Joshua ben Hananiah, Rabbi 30Joshua hen Perahiah, Rabbi 581Josippon 23 IJotapata, Siege of 187-90, 192, 194-5,200-l, 206-7,209Juba I1 of Mauretania; court chronicles of 169Jubilees. Book of’ 48. 89, 97-104, 105-6, 110, 139, 152-3, 212, 234,238, 248,277,329,.340, 353,

395, 3% 401, 403, 415, 425, 468, 487, 530, 534, 541, 546. See also Chronology, Escha-tology, Halakhah

Judah, 7‘c~.sltrnwnt 01’ 332-4, 337-41Judah hen ‘l‘ahbai, Rabbi 58 1Judah the l!s\cnc 510Judah the <;:~lilcan 21, 26, 215, 222, 348. See Fourth PhilosophyJudah ha-Nasi. Rabbi 286, 5 19, 582. 593Judas M:rcc:lh:leus v-12, 15,49-51.54,75, 163-4, 172-9. lRl-2,348,404; battlesof50. 101, 172,

686 687

INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJE(“I‘S INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

178; defeat of Nicanor 51, 102, 176, 181; consecration of the Temple 51, 145, 164;embassy to Rome 174; piety 172, 177, 181; exhortation of 572-3; prayer of 172. 181,572-3; death of 173, 178

Jude, Espistle of 345,432Judgement 60, 62-3, 81, 92, 95, 108, 124, 147, 149, 319, 340, 362, 420-1, 557, 571; Book of

human deeds 62; post-mortem judgement 108,362; eschatological judgement 365,375,402; final judgment 91,95,98, 108, 110, 376, 378; judgement scene 62-3; judgementscale 60,62-3; judgement of fire 471,472; Gehenna 363,378-9

Judges, Book of 107-8,247Judith 46-50,67, 571; prayer of 47,49; song of 47, 571Judith, Book of XXI, 33,46-52,67, 84-5, 570-lJulius Caesar 18- 19,225Justin Martyr 79,276, 553Justus of Tiberias 188-90

Kaddish. See HymnsKaraites 485,490, 529Kashrut (Dietary Laws) 49,76,78,553Kephalaia (Coptic) 45 l-2Kephalaia (Manichaean) 456Kings, Books of 53, 157,288Kingship, Hellenistic treatise on. See Genre, literaryKittim 494, 505,510, 515,517,541, 543

Lactantius 380-l;Divine Insitutes 361,422Lamech 93-5, 104-6; suspicion of his wife 94, 105-6Lament 149,195,209,563,568,574; poetical lament 563,574; dirge 375Lamentations, Book of 146, 149, 175Legend 61, 182-3,362,366,421,562. See also NeroLevi 48,66-7,97, 105, 122,326,333-4,337-41,343,347,420,530,560; priesthood of 333,530;

prayer of 340Levi, Testament of 48, 101, 107,326,332-3,337-S, 343,425, 541,560Leviticus 107, 239-4 1Linus 277Literal Exposition 237-8, 242,260-2,279; literalists 260-1,278Livy 214Logos 264-5,267, 269-7 1,273-4,275-7, 280,289,293,3 11,320,380,473Lord, Testament of 33 1Ludlul be1 nemeqi (Mesopotamian) 284Luke, Gospel of 551, 552, 558; Nativity Gospel 552; Benedictus 551-2, 577; Gloria 552;

Magn@cat 55 l-2,577Luminaries, The Four 462,465,568Lycophron Alexandra 359,360Lysias (generaal of Antiochus IV) 10, 172-3, 179, 182,580Lysimachus (Alexandrian writer) 228Lysimachus, son of Ptolemy 138

Maccabees 50, 172, 176, 183, 213-4, 348,366, 510,520, 552; Maccabean revolt XXII, 51, 163,173. 176, 194,219,227; Maccabean wars 51, 102,517,571; prayers of the warriors 572;Maccabean era 35,219,223,420,428,511; Maccabean books 157, 183

1 Maccabees XXII, 1, 51, 157, 171-6, 177-9, 181, 184, 214, 348, 572, 583, 585, 586-7, 596;Sarbethsabaniel 171; poetic pieces in 174f.; letters in 579-80

2 Maccabees 1, 8. 36, 5 1, 76, 80, 83, 157, 160, 171, 176-83, 184, 274, 572, 583, 585,587, 595-6;letters in 580

3 Maccabees 33,80-4,87, 121, 130, 135-7, 155, 183,250, 571,587; letters in 580,5864 Maccabees XXII, 183,277,316-9, 3235 Maccabees 23 1Magic 68, 327, 448, 454, 455, 575; leukanomancy 430; theurgical literature 408; Magical

Papyri 289Magnificat. See Luke, Gospel ofMalachi (prophet) 59Manasseh 52-5,58,544,555Manasseh, Prayer of 427,555,562,564,576-7Manetho 163, 165,228,587Manichaeism 96, 152, 397, 449-53, 474, 480; Mani 450-52; Manichaean literature 397, 450;

Cologne Mani Codex 445-6,450- 1Manna, Heavenly 68,259f., 266-7, 304-5,3 10,3 12Manual of Discipline. See Rule of the CommunityMar Uqbs) 581Marcosians 445Marcus Agrippa 2 13,226Marcus Aurelius 37 1Mark, Gospel of 38,54Mark Anthony 19,225Marsanes (Gnostic) 453,477Martyrdom 58-9,62,316-9,347-S, 420,533; seven brothers and their mother 48, 180,3 16-8;

the old man Eleazar 180, 3 16-7, 346; Razes, an old man 180; Taxo and his seven sons420; Maccabean martyrs 183

Mary, Gospel of (Gnostic) 469Masada, fall of 26, 194-5, 200, 209, 290-1, 300, 322, 484, 525, 543; Masada texts 291, 579;

Masada Letters 588-92Mattathias 9, 12,48, 54, 172, 174, 329,348,572Matthew, Gospel of 38,94, 507; Sermon on the Mount 3 19Megal? Apophasis (Gnostic) 470Megillath Antiochus 23 1Megillath Taanith lo,23 1Megillath Yuhasin 57Meir. Rabbi 286Mekhilta de-Rabbi Ishmael 243,278Melchizedek 94, 106, 326,402,405-S, 453,457; miraculous birth of 94,405-8; assumption to

heaven 407; priest-king 165, 458, 521; eschatological judge 541; Milki-Sedeq 521;Melchi-ra. Melchi-resha, see Demons; Melchizedek texts 439,458

Melchizedek (Gnostic) 457-8Mekhizedek (Qumran) 364, 390,402,408, 508Melito of Sardes 287, 301; Easter Homily 564-5Menahem (Manaemus) the Essene 223,543Menahem the Galilean 26Menander. Wisdom of 3 14Menelaus 8-9, 179Menippus of <;adara Nekyia, epistles 3 2 9Merkahah mysticism 268,353, 273,417,466,565; rabbinic merkabah traditions 525; Gnostic

merkahah 466: Merkabah mystical books 114,417-8,430,433,436Messiah 798.335. 337-9. 341,366-7,495,538-41; Davidic Messiah 366,402,413-4,518,520-l,

524. 539-40. 570,574; Plant of David 520; priestly Messiah 338,518,521,524,529,540,570; dual mcasiahship 339-41.344.495, 518, 540; Messiah from Judah 341; Messiah ofAaron and Israel 339-40, 539; Messiah of Aaron 541; Messiah of lsrael 5 18, 524, 529,541

688 689

I N D E X Ok NAMES AND SUHJE<:?‘S INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

Messianism 2 1, 25, 174, 390, 428, 436, 479, 505, 518, 538-42, 569; messianic expectation 26,127, 298, 338, 340, 370, 545; messianic woes 403, 410; messianic banquet 490-9, 517,540; messianic age 5 17; messianic figure 520, 53 1, 538-9, 541

Meteorological Fragment (Qumran) 425Metatron 396, 416-7,450,466Methuselah 93,95-6, 105,396,404-5Micah (prophet) 57,58; martyrdom of 58Micah, Book of 514Michael 36,60-2,66,68-9,7 1,9 1,94, l l l-2,114, 117,340,345,411,47 1,5 15; angelus interpres

62; transmits the mysteries of God 66,68; dispute with the Devil 345-6; hymn of 5 16;Angel of Israel 534-5

Midrash 58,85, 104, 139,243, 268,276,278-9,286,308-9, 340, 349,390-l, 411,415-6, 457-8,504, 506-7, 546; midrashic exegesis 246, 263; hermeneutical rules employed in 506;anthological style 503-5; midrashic homilies XXII; petira rnidrash 506-7; midrash olnthe thirteen middot 414

Midrash Qoheleth 322Midrash of Shemhazai and Azael (Gnostic) 466,469Midrash Tannaim 581Midrash Wayissau 332Minim (heretics) 30, 300Mishnah XX; Aboth, see Pirke Aboth; Eduyot 3 1Mithridatic Wars 161,369Mordecai 84, 135-7,552,553; prayer of 84, 135-6,552; dream of 135Moses 53, 77, 126-9, 141, 161-4, 166-8, 170,217-9,227-30,247-50,258~60,265-g, 270-5,310,

317,319,325,347,373,404,410,414,419,428,431,475,492,507, 518,527,539,541,568;birth of 108, 126; adopted by Merris 166-7; testament of 329; farewell discourse 219,345-6; death of 63,235,326,345-6; assumption of 345; ascension of 127,267-e thronevision 126-7; enthronement 126-7; stars prostrating before 127; Moses’ successor 73,108, 347; first sage 163, 167; inventor 166; teacher of Orpheus 166; high priest 234;king, priest and prophet 235,268; Moses traditions 127-8,211,236; Moses in Ethiopiaa166; Mosaic constitution 2 18,22 1,227,229-30; Laws of Moses 233-6,238,242,244,248,250-1, 264, 273-9, 304, 493,498, 515, 537; Moses books 275, 398,446; Song of Moses304-6,562

Moses, Apocalypse of 90,110-3, 114-8, 153-4,346,446,471. See Adam and Eve, Books ofMoses, Prayer oj See Biblical Antiquities, Book ofMoses, Testament of (Assumption of) 20, 127, 325-6, 330, 344-9, 355, 391, 394, 399, 418,

419-20,440,446; Taxo 346-8,420Moses, Words of (Qumran) 425Moses the Prophet, Archangelike of (Gnostic) 446,448Murabbaat Letters 579Muratorian Canon 3 13Mysticism 28 1,401,43 1,436,444,462,467,475,563-5; mystical literature 416-8,435; mystics

417,429; mystical prayers 563-6; Shiur Koma 407; see Merkabah Mysticism, HekhalotLiterature

Myth, mythology 39, 288-9, 360-1, 366, 379, 387-9,392, 401,426,434,453; Primordial Man,myth of 288; Marduk and Tiamat, combat of 39

Naassene Sermon (Gnostic) 470Nabonidus, Prayer of (Qumran) 34,3.5-7,84,395, 425,554-j, 562, 577Nag Hammadi texts 3 13, 320,408,432,435,443,445-6,448,45 1,455,480Nahal Hever letters 579Nahum (prophet) burial of 59Naphtali, Testament of 326, 332, 334, 343

Narrative literature XX, XXI, 1, 33, 54, 64, 80, 89,98, 110, 118, 121, 123, 130, 140, 143, 149,157,194,239,326-30,346,349,415,420; narrative framework 326-8,393,583; narrativesections in Test. 12 Patr. 333-4; narratio 183; see Fiction, Historiography

Nathan, Rabbi 286Nebuchadnezzar 36, 31, 46-8, 50, 55, 57, 75, 140, 145-6, 491, 494, 542, 544-5, 553, 555;

conquest of Jerusalem 72,74; royal encyclical of 58 1Neferrohu, Visions of (Egyptian) 36 l-2Nehemiah 2,75, 158~60,297; legend of Nehemiah’s fire 182; speech of 219Nero 27, 178, 186-7,194,200,205,216; legend ofNero’s return 362,364,37 l-2,377; Poppaea,

Nero’s consort 186; death of 27Nerva 228New Jerusalem, Description of (Qumran) 385,387,395,425,488,531-2Nicanor (general of Demetrius I) 10,5 1, 102, 176-8 1,572-3Nicephorus Stichometry 345,419Nicodemw, Gospel of 117Nicolaus of Damascus 16, 170, 193,212-5,219-20,227,262Nikotbeos 450,447; apocalypses of 450Noah 89-95, 152, 237-8, 240, 243, 306, 377-8, 402-8, 412, 431, 446, 459, 464, 468; Noachic

traditions 89, 110,406; Noachic stories 95,96; conception, birth and naming of 93, 104,106,234,405; wisdom guided Noah 3 10; burning of the Ark 468; Noah’s brother Nir407-8. See also Norea

Noah, Book of (Qumran) 94,398,402,405-6,425Norea 446,448,464,465; birth of 468; the Archons’ lust for Norea 464,469Norea, Apocalypse of See Archons, Hypostasis ofNorea, Book of (Gnostic) 446,448,465. See also Origin of the World, On theNorea, Thought of (Gnostic) 448,465,467,469,477Novel 6,76, 105,166,235Numa 230Numbers 107,239,241

Obadiah (prophet) 59Ocellus 256Octavian 19Oniads 214,372,376; Oniad Temple 160,367Onias II 6Onias 111 7, 179, 181, 544-5Onias IV 183,367Oracle 25, 122, 124,357-81, 421f., 439; oracular literature 25,408; The False Oracle 55Oracle of the Lamb to Bocchoris 362,422Oral Tradition 60, 64,95, 101, 115, 212,226, 257-8,332,479,489; Oral Law 23-4258Origen 30, 17 1, 274, 280, 285, 3 13,345-6,410,421Origin qfthe World, On the (Gnostic) 446,448-9,455-6,459,464-7,478Orpheus 165,56 1; Orphic works 275-6,370Orpheus, Testament of 329

Pacorus 353Palaea (Greek) 345Panaetius 256Panegyric 120, 235,238Parable 48. 70. 2X3, 3 19. 323; parable of Nathan 283Paradise 90, I 15, 260. 294. 338,449Parchor. Expositions of‘the Prophet (Gnostic) 447Parent% 4 1.44,60, 102, 285.342.344.419; two ways parenesis 41; testamentary parenesis 41

690 691

1NDF:X OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

Passover 128-9, 158,227, 278,3 11,530,564-S; Passover Haggadah 564; HaIlel564Paul 63, 80, 336,450,464, 561, 591; trial of 23; Pauline epistles 117,280,320, 341, 535, 582Pausanias 358,360,369Peregrinus Proteus 329Peripatetic 274,276Pesher XXI, 390,394,424-5,486,488-9,495-6,504-14,5 18-9,52 1,543,545,546,548-9; pesher

method 494, 504; pesher structure 504ff.; types of pesharim 504; pesharim on Hosea5 14; on Isaiah 424,5 13-4; on Micah 5 14; on Zephaniah 5 14

Pesher on Habakkuk (Qumran) XXI, 243,424,489,507, SOS-lo, 512,543,545,548Pesher on Melchizedek (Qumran) 504,521-2,535Pesher on Nahum (Qumran) 55,51 l-2,529,543Pesher on the Periods (Qumran) 418,508,52 1,536Pesher on the Psalms (Qumran) 55,424,512-3,5 14,543Pesikta Rabbati 409Pessimistic Dialogue between Master and Servant (Mesopotamian) 284Pharisees 13-14,16,24,28,51,186,189,191,216,221,226-7,254, 281,299,340,354,485,490,

5 11-2, 528-9, 546, 573, 577; Pharisaic Haburoth 499, 526; pro-Pharisaic attitude 191,226-7; Pharisaic halakhoth 99,525-6,528; Ephraim - the Pharisees 5 l l-2,543; Saddokthe Pharisee 227; Samaias the Pharisee 222

Phasael (son of Antipater II) 19Philip (son of Herod) 20-21,215Philo of Alexandria XX, XXII, 25,68,80, 110,117,127,183,211-2,229,233-82,286,289,3118,

336, 353,370, 395,429,461-2,474-5,485-6,487,490; Works, see pp. 183,229,234&O;On Jonah and On Samson (Pseudo-Philo) 246

Philo of Byblos 163, 165, 170,228; Phoenician History 228Philo the Epic Poet (Philo the Elder) 89-90,118-21, 125,154,161,169; On Jerusalem 118-21Philocrates 76, 77Philolaus 256Phlegon Mirabilia 36 1Phocylides, Sentences of (Pseudo-Phocylides) XXII, 290,313-6,323,377Phoenix 125, 129, 130,411,449Photius 2 10Phylarchus 206Pilate, Pontius 21, 215-6, 222,258Pindar 256Pirke Aboth (Sayings of the Fathers) 319Pistis Sophia (Gnostic) 449,455-6Plato, Platonism 237-8,241,249,256,263,265-6,268,270,273-5,280,289,317,320,330, 3718,

46 1-2, 474, 476-7, 563; Middle Platonism 265, 281, 3 12, 476; Alexandrian Platonism281; Plato, letters of 584; Timaeus 236, 265; Republic 379; Gorgias 379

Pliny the Elder 216,485-7Plotinus 450,456,476-7Plutarch 235,237,255Pneuma 309,3 l l-2,316,429; pneumatic songs 564Poimandres (Gnostic) 456,474-j, 476Polemics 146, 157, 160, 198,227,229,236,250,373,375,395,410,413,422,433,511,528,546,

573; cultural polemics 163,228; political polemics 364; anti-Hasmonean polemics 178;anti-Roman polemic 369, 379

Polybius 22, 195,206,213,217Polycarp, Martyrdom of 56Polyhistor, Alexander 118-30, 160-1, 163-5, 168-9,211, 286; On the Jews 118, 123-4, 161; On

the Foundation ofshechem 123Pompey 13-14, 16-19, 145,227,510,512; conquest ofJerusalem 177,543,573; desacration of

the Temple 171, 197

Posidonius 245Potter’s Oracle (Egyptian) 362, 366,386,422Prayer XX, 23, 29-30, 40, 105, 140-3, 149f., 294, 298, 303ff., 339f., 411, 415, 474-5, 516, 522,

524, 551-77; prayer and fasting 44, 46, 420, 558; prayer of confession 143, 149;thanksgiving prayer 298; apotropaic prayers 554, 560-1, 576-7; apocryphal prayers554-5; mystical prayers 563-6; synagogal prayers 559, 571, 576-7; rabbinic prayers560-1, 567, 569, 577; Eighteen Benedictions 298, 475, 522, 552, 559, 571, 576; Birkatha-minim 30; Tahanunim (supplications) 567,570-3, 576

Predestination, see Destinyprophecy 205, 223-4, 348f., 373, 384; biblical prophecy 390-1, 400, 429; prophecy and ful-

fillment 262; ex eventu prophecies of history 330, 346, 359-60, 362, 428; futureprediction 330,337-9, 340,360,383,385,388

Prophets, Lives of(Vitae Prophetarum) 56-60,85Proselytism 49,5 1,69-70, 86,240- 1,248,272,336,493,5 19; prototypical proselytes 65,272Protagoras 3 14Protests of the Eloquent Peasant (Egyptian) 284Proverbs, Book of 276,284-J, 288,3 16,321Psalms 13Of., 139,503, 507, 512,523,551-7; sapiential psalms 139; psalms of salvation 552;

eschatological psalms 556-8; thanksgiving psalm 562Psalms, Apocryphal 139, 522, 55 1,558-60, 561-2, 574; Syriac Psalms 558-60, 561-2,569, 577.

See also Psalms ScrollPsalms, Book of 131, 139, 148,151-2,389,507,523Psalms Scroll (Qumran) 130, 138-140, 155, 290, 299, 322, 522, 551, 554, 557, 558-60, 561-2,

568-9, 577; Apostrophe to Zion 557-8; Hymn to the Creator 558; Plea for Deliverance558, 561; David’s Compositions 138-40, 558-9, 568

Psalter, Greek 559; Odes 152,555; Psalm 151 139, 551, 559,561-2,574Pseudepigraphy XXI, 54, 144, 147, 169, 330, 362, 383, 399, 408,418-9,427-32,440,470, 562,

584; pseudepigraphon XXI, 170; pseudepigraphical writings 28,478,487,508,534,546;pseudepigraphic letters 582, 584

Pseudo-Eupolemus 161,165-6, 167-8,395,407Pseudo-Ezekiel (Qumran) 395,425,522Pseudo-Hecataeus 169-71Pseudo-Heraclitus 148Pseudo-Philo. See Biblical Antiquities, Book ofPtolemies 3-8, 15, 78-82, 138,213,274, 278,366-7,369,371,376, 544-5,585Ptolemy I Soter 76, 134Ptolemy I1 Philadelphus 75-9,83,235,274,580,586Ptolemy IV Philopator 7,80-3, 161,250,580,585,587Ptolemy VI Philometor 163, 182,274,278, 366-7Ptolemy VII Euergetes II 81, 162-3,291,366Ptolemy VIII Soter II (Lathyrus) 15, 138,513Ptolemy XII 138Pyrrhonism 236,256Pythagoras 230,237,249,256,270-l, 273-5,277,368; Neopythagoreans 256

Qohelet (Ecclesiasticus) 286-7,288,310,321, 533Quintilian 307Quirinius 2 I, 26Qumran XXI, 12-3, 27, 56, 85, 139, 148, 285, 289-91, 298-300, 321-3, 326, 340-4, 354, 391,

397-9. 4OOf.. 551, 554; Qumran writings XX, XXI, 15, 35-6, 40, 43,45, 55, 68,96, 101,107. 143, 243, 332-3, 340, 342, 384, 390- 1, 397, 402-3, 408, 417, 423f., 43 I-2, 439, 449,4N.~f~, 55 I, 554-5, 559, 561, 567, 576; Qumran Community 55, 102-3, 139, 340-1, 426,485. 486. 565; Yahad 495, 498; Qumran covenanters 423, 427, 434; Israel, Judah =

692 693

INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJEC’I‘S INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

community 5 11-2; cemetery 484,528; typological exegesis 55; doctrine 101,333,335-7;563; Congregation of the Poor 513; Council of the Many 499, 502-3; Prince of theCongregation 524, 540, 570; Overseer 492-3, 499, 502-3; Maskil (Instructor) 501-2,524-5, 566,570; Searcher of the Torah 540; Lion of Wrath 5 11, 5 14,543; Sons of Light515-6,521,528,534, 541-2; Sons of Darkness 500,515, 534,541; Spouter of Lies 493-4,505, 509, 512, 542-3; Searchers of Slippery Things 505, 509, 51 l-2, 514, 543; Traitors509. See also Chronology, Essenes, Halakhah, Messiah, Pesher, Teacher of Rigtheous-ness, Wicked Priest

Repentance 44,66,70,98, 140,240,260,340,383,499,537, 539; Enoch, type of the one whorepents 395

Resurrection 110-3, 117, 180-1, 311, 334, 339-40, 349-51, 363, 373, 378-9, 542, 573;resurrection of the body 62,72, 112,3 14,3 16,3 18

Reuben, Testament of 333-4,344Revelation, Book of (Apocalypse of John) 46,362,383,393, 432,582Revolutionaries, Jewish

2 1196f., 199, 202-3, 207-10,222; Brigands 189, 195, 197-8; Athronges

Rewritten Bible 89ff., 234,340,505,527Rhetoric 131, 148, 155, 172, 178, 183, 194,206,212,217-8,226,228,238, 308,317Righteous One; persecution and vindication of 38, 42-3,52-J, 65,68,82-4, 137,347,472,473;

suffering of 285,302,304-6,309-10; righteous-wicked 206,218,223,336,420Ritual of Pur$cation (Qumran) 568Romance. See FictionRomans, Epistle to the 56 1,584Rule of the Community (Qumran) 335,340,418,432,460,4B6-7,489-90,497-503,504,516-7,

526,532,540,548-9,566,569-70; doctrine of the two spirits 335-7,340,418,454,459-60,534; Treatise of the Two Spirits 498,501,516,533,535,537

Rule of the Congregation (Qumran) 490,498-9,517-8,524, 548

Saadya Gaon 290Sabaoth. See Archons, Hypostasis ofSabbath 2, 15,78, 100, 103, 139, 179, 181, 196,234-6,239,247,249,257,261,270-1,276-7,315,

337,492-3, 525, 530, 567; Sabbath laws 100, 566Saddok, the PhariseeSadducees

215,222,227. See Fourth Philosophy12-4,24, 186,485,512,525; sons of Zadok 12,498,510,524,544-5; Manasseh =

Sadducees 5 1 l-2,543Sages XX, XXI, 20, 24, 28, 31, 288, 391, 507; Tannaim 286-7, 290, 300, 319, 322, 430;

Amoraim 290,300Samaritan ChroniclesSamaritans

23 1 (Book of Joshua, Sepher ha-Yamim)13, 74, 123-5, 158, 165-6, 168-9,213,219,476,488,529

Sammael. See DemonsSamson 39,49,94, 108,224,246,283; prayer of 49Samuel, Books of 157,211,562; I Samuel 89, 107-8Sarah 105,237,260,273; Sarah and Hagar 238,244,255Satan (Devil) 42,52-6,63,65, 70,99, 11 l-2,336-7,342,345-6,349-52,417,426,468,471,534,

560- 1; Devil’s narrative 113-5; Satanic cult 55; Prince of mastema 99; angels of Satan52,337

Satrap’s Revolt 50- 1Saul 108, 164, 224,335; death of 107,234, 574-5Schoinometresis Syriae 120Seder Olam 162,23 1Sedrach, Apocalypse of 4 12Sefer Asaf ha- Rofe 406

694

Sejer ha-Razim 406Sefer Yetsirah 478Seleucids 3-4,6-7,9-13, 15, 164, 166, 172-4, 176-7, 181,213,433,494,510,544-5.580,583,588;

Seleucid Empire 6-7, 10-l 1, 15, 174Seleucus IV 7Seleucus V 18 1Selihot (Penitential) liturgy 150,414Septuagint, translation of 77,79-80, 87,235Servius 359, 363-4,366Seth 11 l-4, 118, 154,327-8,448,459-60,462-4,467-71,473,476; birth of 111, 113,463; prayer

of 450; Seed of Seth 459,463,471-2; Azura, his wife 468; Seth = Allogenes 446; Seth =Sem/Shem 450; Seth books 446-7, 465, 478; apocalypses of Seth 446, 451. See alsoAdam, Eve, Norea, Gnosticism

Seth, Paraphrase of (Gnostic) 447,476Seth, Second Treatise of the Great (Gnostic) 446Seth, Three Steles of (Gnostic) 453,446, 476,477Sextus, Sentences of 290, 320Shammai 31Shem 429,450,475; apocalypse of 45 1Shem, Paraphrase of (Gnostic) 447,456,475-6Shimon ben Azzai, Rabbi 57Shimon ben Gamliel, Rabban 58 1,591,593Sibyl 357-8, 360-4, 366-70, 372-3, 375-81,399,421-2; rescue of Sibyl, sister of Enoch 469Sibylline Oracles 121, 313,3.57-81,399,421-2, 541Sicarii 3,2 1, 26-7, 195, 200,209, 222Silvanus, Teachings of 3 13,320, 324Simeon 49, 66-7, 122, 333, 336, 558Simeon, Testament of 333-4,344Simeon ben Eleazar, Rabbi 287Simeon ben Lakish, Rabbi 253Simeon ben Menasya, Rabbi 287Simeon ben Shetah, Rabbi 300,581Simon (Essene) 224Simon, Jew of Scythopolis 207,209Simon, rebel leader 2 1,348Simon, son of Gioras 27, 198-9,202,208Simon the Hasmonean lo-4,23, 102, 171, 173-5,214,483,510Simon II the High Priest (Simon the Just) 81-2, 136,291-2,295,545,571S i m o n Magus 470,478,569Sin-Exile-Return 325, 337-8, 340,346Socrates 237, 275, 289Solomon 120, 162-4, 169, 175, 182, 283, 285,287-8,297,299,302-3,307-8,310,327,374,457,

520- 1, 570, 573, 575, 580, 584-5; wise man par excellence 139, 288; as an exorcist 289;proverbs and songs of 139; prayer of 312,563; Solomonic works 139,448

Solomon, Psalms of 145, 149, 557, 568,573-4, 577Solomon. Testument of 327,418,448,457Solon 256Son of Man 127,399,401-3,522Sophia 273, 289, 458-66, 469; Fall of 458, 464; repentance of 459, 463, 466; Sophia of Jesus

C’hrist 459. 46 ISophists 253. 289Sophocles 169, 256, 330, 574S o p h o n 16X

695

INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

Spirit 293, 309, 3 16, 323, 335; Spirit of Life 66, 68, 71,460; Holy Spirit 3 11, 430; doctrine ofthe two spirits, see Rule of the Community; Evil Spirit, see Demons

Stephen 38,73,576; martyrdom of 38,73; speech of 576Stoa, Stoicism 186, 224, 236, 241, 245, 248-50, 256, 262-3, 265, 267-71, 273, 275-7, 285, 2189,

3 17,320,342,475,54 1; the Stoic Logos 267; Stoic doctrine of pneuma 309,3 1 l-2Stobaeus 3 13Strabo 15, 171,214Suetonius 18,203,235Suidas 313; Suda Lexicon 187,358Sulla 161,369Sulpicius Severus 202Susanna 37-8, 84, 149Synagogue XXII, 28,30,25 1,258,286,334,475,55 l-2,567; Great Synagogue 23,344; Torah

reading 24; early synagogal poetry (piyyut) 577; Synagogue of Alexandria 257

Tablets, heavenly 98, lOO-1,238,417,428Tacitus 25,200,202,216Talmud 14,20,52,411,479,511,592Targum 104, 132, 211, 278-9, 322, 488, 506; Onkelos 278; Targum Qoheleth 322. See Job,

Targum toTarquinius Priscus 358Teacher of Righteousness 55-6, 342,354,424,430,489,491-2,494-5,501-2,505-10,512, 5116,

5 18,52 1,523,536,540-5; Zadokite origin of 544Temple; First Temple, destruction of 158,204-5,543-4,567; Second Temple, building of 131,

133-4,405; Judas’ purification of, see Judas Maccabaeus; Antiochus’ pollution of, s’eeAntiochus IV Epiphanes; festival of redidication 10, 176, 182,586; water system of 120;desecration by Pompey, see Pompey; Second Temple, destruction of 3 1,57-9,194-200,202,204,37 1,408f., 416,437; Temple cult 24,54-5,76, 12 1, 139,364-5,503; tradition {ofthe hidden temple vessels 58, 72-3, 133, 140, 159, 175-6, 182; temple keys 72; heavenlytemple 92-3, 150, 270, 387, 433, 525, 554; eschatological temple 404, 519, 521, 5310;temple veil 435; temple-city, concept of 514,520,528,530-l; God has abandoned thetemple 205, 222; temple at Leontopolis 367, 373; Oniad Temple 160; Tobiad Temple160; Temple of Argarizin (Har Garizim) 13, 165-6

Temple Scroll (Qumran) XXI, 398,486,488,503,505,520,526-30,532,549; Law of the King527-9; Temple Regulations 527-8; Sefar Hahago 527

Testament XX, 40-1, 53, 60-2, 90, 111, 172, 319, 325-5, 418f., 440, 472, 584; testamentarynarrative 111, 325, 333-4, 339; testamentary exhortation 112, 325, 334-7, 339; futurepredictions 325, 337-9; testamentary framework 327, 330; Last words 329-30; tes-tamentary literature 115,470; Adamic testament 115, 118; Diathekai 329

Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs 59,65,99,106,325-6,330,331-44,349-50,354,394,418-‘9,440,454,461,534,539,541,546,584

Testimonia (Qumran) 390,518, 540Testimonium Flavianum 2 16Thanksgiving Psalms (Hodayot) (Qumran) 487-9,516,522-4,532-3,535,537,539,542,548-9,

55 1, 559, 563,566-g, 570,576Theodectes 78Theodotion 286,553Theodotus the Epic Poet 89-90, I21 -5, 154; On the Jews 12 1Theognis 3 14Theophilus 161, 169, 369Theophrastus 4Theopompus 78Therapeutae 68. 7 I, 248, 354, 564

696

Thomas the Contender, Book c!f(Gnostic) 469Three Young Men, Song of 13 I, 149-52Three Patriarchs, Testaments of 328Throne visions 114, 126-7,351,401,467,525; divine throne-room 46.61. 112; enthronement

126-7, 155; throne-chariot 466.467Thucydides 195Thunder, Perfect Mind (Gnostic) 477-8Tiberius 215,222,252,315Timagenes 2 14Timochares History of Antiochus 120Titus 18,27, 186-204,206-7; Josephus portrait of 195,200,202-3; speeches of 195,200,202Tobiads 6,7,22, 160,213; Joseph, son of Tobias 4,6;; Tobiad Temple 160Tobit, Book of 33,40-6,49,84, 107, 15 1,284,3 19,323,555-6,562,57 1; testament of Tobit 3 19,

329; prayer of Sarah 556Torah 100,230,257,294-6,3 11,3 14,3 19; strict observance of 97,238,503; Torah as Wisdom,

see WisdomTosefta 242; Eduyot 30Tragedy, Tragic 26, 125-6, 178,574; tragic history 206,209Trajan 31,318Trimorphic Protennoia (Gnostic) 453,459, 469Truth, Testimony of (Gnostic) 457Tryphon 11Two Ways. See DidacheTypology 55, 67, 74, 94, 96, 117, 122, 124, 366, 414, 496, 51 l-2, 534, 538; Urzeit-Eindzeit

typology 91; flood-final judgment 95, 110

Valentinus 458Varus 20, 191,347-gVergil 359,374-5Vespasian 27, 186, 188, 192-4,200, 205-6Vetusta Placita 256Vices and virtues, lists of 335-7,380,535Vision 128, 326, 383, 385. 412, 415-20, 424, 427-31, 435; symbolic vision 385, 412-4; apoca-

lyptic vision 385,419,422. See also Throne-visionVita Adae et Evae. See Adam and Eve, Life ofVitellius 192

War Scroll (Qumran) 340,426,488-90,499,5I.5-7,525,528,532,534-5,540,548,552,570Watchers, Fall of 90,92,98, 334,400-2,406,452Wicked Priest 13, 55, 102, 509-10, 512, 518, 543Wisdom 33,41,49, 138-41, 155,273,276-81,283-324,336,340,385-6,389,401,433,449.463,

558-60, 562; pre-existent Wisdom 101, 293; personification of 141, 287, 303,478, 563;wisdom instruction (didache) 40,71,330; mantic wisdom 389,438; Torah as Wisdom141-2, 288, 295-6; Jewish Wisdom traditions 134, 273, 279, 281; Greek Wisdom 279,wisdom literature XXI, 130, 134, 139,283-324,337,388-9, 503; see Didache, Sophia

Wisdom of Solomon 38,40-l, 130,279,285-6, 289,301-3, 316, 323,353,389,562Words of the Heavenly Luminaries (Qumran) 143, 150,539,567,569,571

Xerxes 245Xenophon 256,330

Yavnch 27-3 I, 226, 286, 300Yohanun. Rabbi 479

697

INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

Yohanan ben Zakkai, Rabbi 29,197,581,591,593Yose, Rabbi 268

-Zaleucus 230Zand-i Vohuman Yasn (Persian) 36 1,364Zealots 26, 197,204,208,484-5,525Zebulun, Testament of 333-4Zechariah (prophet) 59,540,552Zechariah, Book of 385-7,437Zeno 256,275Zephaniah, Book of 5 14Zerubbabel 2,132-4,158-9,339Zoroaster, Book of 447-8; Zoroaster 448,450; Zoroastrianism 386,407,534-5,546Zosimus 450Zostrianos (Gnostic) 448,453,455-6,476,477