accessing cultural heritage the role of collective management rainer just, president of ifrro august...
TRANSCRIPT
Accessing Cultural HeritageThe Role of Collective Management
Rainer Just, President of IFRRO
August 2013 Bangkok, Thailand
I. Introduction
Examples of preserving and archiving cultural heritage
by
digital library initiatives
Gutenberg project (www.gutenberg.org) >100,000 titles, mainly out-of-copyright; free downloads
World Digital Library (www.wdl.org) 7 languages; 106 partners Primary material Prototype: 8,431 items (8016 books)
Internet Archive (www.archive.org) 4,733,126 texts available 353 billion World Wide Web pages
Digital Library initiatives
over 26 million objects (July 2013)
over 2,200 collaborating institutions and organisations
123 libraries; archives; museums providing content
Common access point to the collections
www.europeana.eu
EUROPEANA European Digital Libraries
Who submits data to Europeana?
Domain Aggregators National initiatives
Audiovisual collections
National Aggregators
Regional Aggregators
Archives
Thematic collections
Libraries
e.g. Musées Lausannois
e.g. Culture Grid,
Culture.fr
e.g. The European Library
e.g. APEX
e.g. EUScreen, European Film Gateway
e.g. Judaica Europeana, Europeana Fashion
1. Basic Legal Issues
II. Making cultural heritage available legally
… needs identifying and addressing:
Rights Rightholders Right status Rights clearance Orphan Works Out-of-Commerce & In Commerce Works
Digitising Cultural Heritage legally…
Fundamental Rights Concerned
Rights of
Reproduction
(Berne Convention Article 9.1) Making available/Communication
(WCT Article 10) Distribution
(WCT Article 10)
Exceptions/Limitations to exclusive rights
“Certain special cases”
Not in conflict with the normal exploitation of the work
Not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interest of the rightsholder
Libraries Preservation dedicated terminals on library premises
The three-step-test - Berne Convention Article 9.2
2. Tools Available
II. Making cultural heritage available legally
Orphan works Diligent search for rightholders’ Guidelines Databases of Orphan works Criteria Rights Clearance Centres Criteria
Works Out of Print/Distribution/Commerce Model Licence Databases of Orphan works Criteria Rights Clearance Centres Criteria
EuropeStakeholder developed tools
Out of Commerce Works Principles in Stakeholder MoU
SelectionAgree on what to make available/digitise
Remuneration Voluntary Collective Licensing
Inclusionpossible for works of authors and publishers not in the RRO catalogue
Right of withdrawal Libraries observe agreed conditions Cross-border accessibility
3. Collective Licensing
II. Making cultural heritage available legally
Selection from Library Collection
Public domain In copyright
In commerce Out of Commerce (OOC (Majority)) Orphan (some)
Status of works/materials determines different legal requirements:
Selecting - IdentifyingWorks, Authors, Publishers, Status
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Public Domain
Rights can be cleared
Legislation to clear rights
situation
No need to clear rights
Author/publisher is known
directly RRO
Orphan Works
Author/Publisher is unknown
by CMO
Out of Commerce WorksVoluntary Collective Licensing
RROs will
Collect mandates from authors and publishers
Inform of withdrawn creators, publishers, works
Sign the licence Monitor the licence
Libraries will
Be transparent in the project planning
Ensure that licensing conditions are observed
Digitise/make available authorised works only
Authors & Publishersnot in RRO catalogue
User(Library)
Voluntary Collective Licensing Agreement
RRO
MandatingAuthors
Collective LicensingInclusion of works not in RRO catalogue
MandatingPublishers
Works may be withdrawn
Combination of
Legal Presumption Ext. Collective Licence Compulsory CollCollective Management
Combination of
Legal Presumption Ext. Collective Licence Compulsory CollCollective Management
4. Practical example – German solution for out of print works
II. Making cultural heritage available legally
Bookshelf project (Norway)
Out of Commerce Legislation (France)
Out of Commerce System for works created before 1966 (Germany)
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European National Projects
Library Digitising project German Example
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work published before 1966 is it out of
commerce
?
NO
is it still copyright protected
?
YES
YES
institution needs to licence
Collecting Society
representedrightsholder
?
YES
use/licence
NOentry into registry
rebuttal
? NOYES
NO
III. Conclusion
Many big ”C”s...
Creative Collaboration – finding solutions
Copyright Compliance
Collective Copyright Administration
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Library Digitisation project The constructive way to solutions
