Access to green areas

Marianne Eriksson

Environmental objectives: A Good Built Environment

Interim target 1, 2010 By 2010 land use and community planning will be

based on programmes and strategies for:

’preserving, maintaining and enhancing green spaces and water bodies in urban and suburban areas for nature conservation, cultural and recreational purposes, and ensuring that the proportion of hard-surface areas in these

environments does not increase

Definition of locality/urban area

A locality consists of a group of buildingsnormally not more than 200 meters apart from each other

and has to fulfil a minimum criterion of having at least 200 inhabitants

Localities/Urban areas

• 1940 Localities

• 84 % of the population

• 1,3 % of landarea

776 localities with less than 500 inhabitants113 localities with more than 10 000 inhabitants 5 localities with more than 100 000 inhabitantas

Statistics on landuse in localities based on areal photos

Unbuilt areas in localities 1970 to 2000 in percent

YearStockholm, Göteborg, Malmö All localities

2000 26,7 37,3

1995 26,9 37,4

1990 28,2 38,6

1980 29,8 39,7

1970 31,0 44,0

Pilot study : Green areas in localities

 Project group: Metria/Environment and SCB

A reference group consisting of •the National Board of Housing and Planning,•the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, •the Swedish Forest Agency, •the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions

The project was mainly financed by the Swedish Space Board

Objective

Delimitation of green areas in localities and the surroundings

Trace changes in extension of green areas

Pilot areas

• Västerås, satellite images from 30 July 1999 and 10 July 2005

• Stockholm, satellitdata from 4 Sept. 1999 and 29 June 2006

• Gislaved, satellitdata from10 July 1999 and 6 September 2005

Stockholm 29 June 2006

SPOT-5

Upplösning 10 m

RGB =

(NIR, SWIR, Rött)

Tätortsgräns från 2005 i vitt

Västerås 10 July 2005

SPOT-5

Upplösning 10 m

RGB =

(NIR, SWIR, Rött)

Tätortsgräns från 2005 i vitt

Gislaved 6 September 2005

SPOT-5

Upplösning 10 m

RGB =

(NIR, SWIR, Rött)

Tätortsgräns från 2005 i vitt

Basic data input

• Satellite imagery data SPOT, (METRIA)

• National road database, (the Swedish Road Administration)

• Locality borders from 2000 to 2005, (Statistics Sweden)

• Real estate and building register (National Land Survey Office)

• Land block database, (the Swedish Board of Agriculture)

• Topographical Map's Forest and Water Strata, (National Land Survey Office)

• Swedish Land Cover Database, (National Land Survey Office)

Method

Two main objectives• Make a base map• Mapping of changes

Split the picture into five layers• Forest land• Agricultural land• Water• Roads• Other land (Urban land)

Segmentation

Program: Definiens

Satellite image is split up

in segments

Segmentgränser i blått

Vegetationindex

Vegetationindex

NIR – RöttNIR + Rött

Ljusa ytor = större andel ”grönt”

Mörka ytor = vegetation saknas

Segments and

buildings

Diagram showing basic classification of urban land

Other buildings with vegetation

Water

Industry with vegetation

No buildings, vegetation

Roads

Multi-store buildings with vegetation

One-family houses without vegetation

Multi-store buildings with some vegetation

Multi-store buildings without vegetation

Industry with some vegetation

Industry without vegetation

Other buildings with some vegetation

Other buildings without vegetation

No buildings, some vegetation

No buildings, no vegetation

One-family houses with some vegetation

One-family houses with vegetation

Stockholm 1999

Basic

classification

of

Urban land

Skogsmark = mörkgröntÖppen mark = ljusgrönt Flerbostadshus = röttVillaområden = gult/bruntIndustrier = gråttÖvriga byggnader = bruntVatten = blått

Västerås 30 juli 1999

Basic classification

ofUrban land

Skogsmask = mörkgröntÖppen mark = ljusgrönt Flerbostadshus = röttVillaområden = gult/bruntIndustrier = gråttÖvriga byggnader = bruntVatten = blått

Typ av område

Stockholm (part of) Västerås Gislaved

Stockholm (part of ) Västerås Gislaved

One-family houses with vegetation 1 331 663 71 11,0 12,9 10,9One-family houses with some vegetation 1 142 576 96 9,5 11,2 14,7One-family houses without vegetation 193 50 53 1,6 1,0 8,2Muli-store buildings with vegetation 171 96 2 1,4 1,9 0,2Muli-store buildings with some vegetation 449 251 4 3,7 4,9 0,6

Muli-store buildings without vegetation 1 247 302 42 10,3 5,9 6,5

Industry with vegetation 4 10 2 0,0 0,2 0,3Industry with some vegetation 11 22 2 0,1 0,4 0,2Industry with vegetation 292 183 47 2,4 3,6 7,2Other buildings with vegetation 190 128 4 1,6 2,5 0,6Other buildings with some vegetation 137 93 4 1,1 1,8 0,6Other buildings without vegetation 447 192 25 3,7 3,7 3,9No buildings, no vegetation 555 332 40 4,6 6,5 6,1Vegetation not in connection with buidings. 3 222 1 435 166 26,8 28,0 25,5Roads 1 624 626 89 13,5 12,2 13,6Golf corses - 53 - - 1,0 -Agriculture land - 103 - - 2,0 -Water 1 038 22 6 8,6 0,4 1,0Total 12 055 5 143 651 100,0 100,0 100,0

Area in hectar Percent of total area

Some Statistics

More statistics

Typ av områdeStockholm (del av)

Västerås Gislaved Stockholm (del av)

Västerås Gislaved

Land without vegetation, thereof 4 358 1 685 296 36,2 32,8 45,5 Built-up land without vegetation 2 179 727 167 18,1 14,1 25,7 Roads 1 624 626 89 13,5 12,2 13,7 Unbuilt land without vegetation 555 332 40 4,6 6,5 6,1Land with/ with some vegetation, therof 6 657 3 436 351 55,2 66,8 53,9 Built-up land with/ with some vegetation3 435 1 839 185 28,5 35,8 28,4 Unbuilt land with/ with some vegetation 3 222 1 591 166 26,7 30,9 25,5

Water 1 038 22 6 8,6 0,5 1,0

Area in hectar Percent of total locality area

Part of Västerås

Point data,

Real Estate with info. on number of inhabitants

Develop indicators

Buffers 300 m around points for Real Estate

Percent of the population with hectars of green areas within 300 meters

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

90,0

100,0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Gislaved

Västerås

Del av Stockholm

Ha

Procent

Stockholm change between 1999 och 2006

Changes in Urban land

Difference

in

NVDI

1999 och 2006

Rött = ytor som har minskat vegetationsindex

Grönt = ytor som harökat vegetationsindex

Green areas to non green areas

Non green areas to green areas

More statistics

Totalt

Green area to non green area

Non green area to green areaa

Greeen area to built-up area

Non green area to green areaa

Västerås 79 34 29 0 142

Stockholm (part of) 104 13 62 0 179

Gislaved 10 11 17 0 38

Number of changes > 0,1 haUrban land Forest land

Report in Swedishhttp://www.scb.se/templates/Product____12895.asp

Future work at SCB

• Develop methods for handling satellite images

• Develop indicators

• Present statistics for localities with 10 000 or more inhabitants