Access to EnergyPaul B. Queneau, P.E.

Principal Metallurgical Engineer

The Bear Grouppqueneau@mines.edu

Recycling Metals ConferenceSponsored by Heritage Environmental Services

& Colorado School of Mines

June 18-20, 2019

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Dark Africa

Energy Is Life!

Europe & Africa at Night

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Spencer, Roy W., An Inconvenient Deception, 2017, p.42

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It’s All About the Sun!

OLLI West

2018

Earth

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The Sun’s Variations

Luminosity:

Billions of years

Sunspot activity:Decades

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scale 1:109

Intense Electromagnetic Energy: Sunspots

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From: Plants Need CO2: Carbon Dioxide is Green

http://www.plantsneedco2.org/ 7

Solar Irradiance vs Temperature

Climate Change, Gerhard & Thommason 2017

from Hoyt and Schatten, (1997), Bond et al. (2001) 8

CO2 Output Compared to Solar Activity

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Solar – Climate Relationship

Fewer Magnetic Sunspots ➡️

Less Solar Wind ➡️

More Galactic Cosmic Rays ➡️

More Low Level Cloud Formation ➡️

More Sunlight Reflected Into Space.

Result: Earth Becomes Colder

The Past and Future of Climate, David Archibald, Hamilton Club, July 19, 2009.10

American Physical Society Dissenters

Ivar Giaeyer –Nobel Laureate, Rensselaer

Polytechnic, American Physical Society Fellow

Harold Lewis – Prof. Emeritus UC Santa Barbara,

American Physical Society Fellow

Robert B. Laughlin – Nobel Laureate,

Stanford University– Nobel Laureate, National Medal

of Science, Congressional Gold Medal

William Happer – Cyrus Brackett, Prof of Physics -

Princeton Univ., American Physics Society Fellow

Antonino Zichichi – President, World Federation of

Scientists11

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Sea Level Fall and Rise vs Fuel Use

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Glacial Shortening vs Hydrocarbon Use

Glacial Retreat in Glacier Bay, AK

• Latest retreat started 1750

- Was the end of the Little Ice Age

• By 1794 had retreated several miles

• By 1870 had retreated over 30 miles

• Glacier Bay was mostly ice-free by 1900

Predates most of man-made CO2

Patrick Moore, Wall Street Journal, 9-4-1514

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Temp. vs CO2 Concentration

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CO2

oC oC

(Geologic Constraints on Climate Variability, Dr. Lee C. Gerhard, Kansas GS)

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My Two Conclusions

The Sun is the primary driver of climate change.

The Sun has far greater impact on climate than

changes in CO2.

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