access routes for the poor
TRANSCRIPT
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CriticalDiscussion
Session
LL.D
Proposed
Dissertation
ACCESSROUTESFORTHEPOOR
TOKNOWLEDGE
TREASURED
INTHEINTERNATIONALCOPYRIGHT UNGLE
AcademicAdvisor:SUZUKIMasabumi
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Introduction:
yResearchMotive:
Conformityofdomesticcopyrightlawstotheinternationalnormsvs.Utmostexploitationof
exi i itiescontaine
in
t e
internationa
norms
yResearchQuestion:
Shouldareformbemadetothecurrentinternational
co ri htre ime
so
as
to
make
it
more
flexible?
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Introduction:y
Research
Objectives
and
Methodology:nswer: e orm sprema ure, ecause:
1.Lowerpositionofdevelopingcountriesinnegotiation
.international
instruments
(Berne,
TRIPS,
WCT)
.Underuseofflexibilitiesb develo in countries India,
Brazil,Cambodia)
4.Dual
policy
carried
out
by
developed
countries:
(1)
arr ersaga ns useo ex es y eve op ngcoun r es,and(2)Useofflexibilitiesbythemselves(US,France,a an
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Introduction:
yResearchBoundaries:
Copyrightvs.NeighboringRights
Flexibilitiesthatservethepurposeofeducation
Representing
international
copyright
norms:
Berne,
TRIPS,WCT
Representingdevelopingcountries:India,Brazil,
Cambodia Representingdevelopedcountries:US,France,Japan
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Outline:
Chapter
1
Introduction:
Flexibilities
in
the
Rigidity
theEast
Rigid
but
Flexible
Cha ter LessPowerfulCountriesandFlexibilities:Apracticeofunderuse
Chapter5
More
Powerful
Countries
and
Flexibilities:
Alessontobelearnt
Chapter6 Conclusion:PolicyRecommendations
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FindingsinChapter2
.respectofWorkstobeprotected
BERNE TRIPS WCT
1.Literary
and
artistic
works
Idem.
Idem.
2 1
2.Derivative work(2(3)) Idem. Idem.
3.Collectionofliteraryorartisticworks(2(5))
Idem. Idem.
4.Computerprograms,
whetherin
source
or
object
4. Computerprograms,
whatevermaybethemode(4)
5.Compilationofdataorother 5.Compilationofdataor,
(5)
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FindingsinChapter2
.respectoftermofprotection
BERNE TRIPS WCT
Literary an artisticworks
Li eo aut oran 50years
Li eo aut oran 50years
Li eo aut oran 50years
nema ograp cworks
50years 50years 50years
pseudonymous
works
or so app e art
25years 25years 25years
o ograp c
works
25years 25years 50years
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FindingsinChapter2
3.Evo ution
o
Internationa
Copyrig t
Stan ar s
in
respectofExclusiveRights
BERNE TRIPS WCT
1.Moral rights
(paternity
and
inte rit 6bis Idem.2.Right ofreproduction(9) Idem. Idem.
3.Rightoftranslation(8) Idem. Idem.
4.
Right
of
adaptation
(12) Idem. Idem.
5.Rightofbroadcasting(11bis) Idem. Idem.
6.Rightofpublicrecitation (11ter) Idem. Idem.
7.Rightofpublicperformance(11) Idem. Idem.
8.Rightofrecordingmusicalworks (13)
Idem. Idem.
9.Cinematographicright(14) Idem. Idem.
10. Droit desuite
(14ter) Idem. Idem.
Rentalright(11) Rentalright(7)
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FindingsinChapter3 FlexibilitiesintheRigidity
1.Copyright
Limitations
WCT TRIPS BERNE
Works tobeprotected(Requirementsfor
Protection)
IdeaExpressionDichotomy
Literary & artistic
IdeaExpressionDichotomy
Literary & artistic
IdeaExpressionDichotomy
Literary
& artistic
works + computerprograms +compilation of data
works + computerprograms +compilation of data
worksNoprotectionofcomputerprograms
-Fixationrequirement
-Fixationrequirement
dataFixationrequirement
Exclusiveri htstobe Berneri hts Berneri hts Berneri htsgranted Commercial rental
right
Right
of
public
Commercial rentalright
Exclusion
of
moral
Norecognitionofcommercialrental
rightcommun ca onv a
internetRightofdistribution
r g sNorecognitionofdistributionrightRi htof ublic
orecogn onodistributionrightRightofpubliccommunication does
communicationdoesnot
extend
to
internet
transmission
notextendtointernettransmission
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FindingsinChapter3 FlexibilitiesintheRigidity
.
WCT TRIPS BERNE
LegislativeExclusion OfficialtextsWorksofappliedart
andindustrial designs
OfficialtextsWorksofappliedart
andindustrial designs
OfficialtextsWorksofappliedart
andindustrial designs
andmodelsNewsofthedayPoliticalspeechesand
andmodelsNewsofthedayPoliticalspeechesand
andmodelsNewsofthedayPoliticalspeechesand
thecourse
of
legal
proceedingsLectures,addresses
thecourse
of
legal
proceedingsLectures,addresses
thecourse
of
legal
proceedingsLectures,addresses
e vere nt epu c e vere nt epu c e vere nt epu c
TermofProtection Literary& artistic
works: Life of author
Literary& artistic
works: Life of author
Literary& artistic
works: Life of authoryears- Cinematographicworks: 50 years- Works of a lied
years- Cinematographicworks: 50 years- Works of a lied
years- Cinematographicworks: 50 years- Works of a lied
art: 25 years- Photographicworks: 50 years
art: 25 years- Photographicworks: 25 years
art: 25 years- Photographicworks: 25 years
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FindingsinChapter3 FlexibilitiesintheRigidity
.
WCT TRIPS BERNE
erm e ses enera excep on oexclusiverights
(subject
to
the
3
step
test
enera excep on oexclusiverights
(subject
to
the
3
step
test
enera excep on othereproductionright
(subject
to
the
3
step
testQuotationsUtilizationforteachingpurpose
QuotationsUtilizationforteachingpurpose
QuotationsUtilizationforteachingpurpose
seo ar c es n
newspapersand
periodicalsUseofworksfor
seo ar c es n
newspapersand
periodicalsUseofworksfor
seo ar c es n
newspapersand
periodicalsUseofworksfor
reportingpurposesImpliedexception
withrespect
to
the
reportingpurposesImpliedexception
withrespect
to
the
reportingpurposesImpliedexception
withrespect
to
the
r g o rans a onMinorreservationsOtherrestrictions
r g o rans a onMinorreservationsOtherrestrictions
r g o rans a onMinorreservationsOtherrestrictions
Recoding
of
musical
works
Recoding
of
musical
works
Recoding
of
musical
works
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Findin sinCha ter3 FlexibilitiesintheRi idit
3.
Others
SpecialProvisionsinfavor
of
developing
CompulsoryLicensing
in
respect
of
CompulsoryLicensing
in
respect
of
CompulsoryLicensing
in
respect
of
countries(BERNEAppendix)
translationrightCompulsoryLicensinginrespectof
translationrightCompulsoryLicensinginrespectof
translationrightCompulsoryLicensinginrespectof
Fiveyear(over)Elevenyear
transitionalperiod
OutofreachIssue(ExhaustionofRi hts)
Freedomtoallowarallel im ort
Freedom toallowarallelim ort
Freedom toallowarallelim ort
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FindingsinChapter4 UnderuseofflexibilitiesbyDC
.
ecase
o
am o a
Copyright TRIPS Cambodian CopyrightLawRequirements
for
protection
IdeaExpressionDichotomy
(TRIPS
Art
9(2))
Art10
o r s o epro ec e Art9& 10)
n epen en pro ec ono eo awor r9)
Fixationrequirement(BERNE Norequirement
Exclusive
rightstobeExclusion
of
moral
rights
(TRIPSArt9(1))Protection
of
moral
rights
(rights
of
disclosure,
paternity,andintegrity)(Art 18& 19)
Norecognitionofpubliclendingright
Recognitionofpublic lendingright(Art21)
Norecognition
of
distribution Recognition
of
distribution
right
(Art
21)
right
Rightofcommunicationtothepublicdoesnotextendto
Thedefinition ofcommunicationtothepubliccanbeinterpretedastoincludethe
internet transmission internettransmission(Art2(i) & 21
Commercialrental
right
(TRIPS
Art11)Recognition
of
rental
right
(Art
21)
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FindingsinChapter4 UnderuseofflexibilitiesbyDC
.
ecase
o
am o a
on nue
Copyright TRIPS CambodianCopyrightLawm a o n s
Legislative
Exclusion
Officialtexts(BERNE Art 2(4)) Art10
Worksofa liedartand Protectionofworksofa liedartandindustrialdesignsandmodels(BERNEArt2(7))
industrial designsandmodels(Art7)
Newsoftheday(BERNEArt2(8)) Noexplicit exclusion(yet,itisnotnecessary)
Politicalspeeches
and
speeches
deliveredinthecourseoflegalproceedings(BERNEArt2bis(1))
Limitsto
reproduction
and
broadcasting
rightsinrespectofspeechesaddressedtothepublic(Art25)
Lectures, addressesandotherworksofthesamenaturewhich
aredelivered
in
public
(BERNE
Itisquestionablewhetherthespeechesaddressed tothepublicasprovidedforinart
25cover
lectures,
addresses
and
other
works
Art2bis 2 of thesamenaturewhicharedeliveredinpublic.
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FindingsinChapter4 UnderuseofflexibilitiesbyDC
.
ecase
o
am o a
on nue
Copyright TRIPS CambodianCopyrightLawm a ons
Termof
Protection
Literaryandartisticworks:Lifeof
authorand
50
years
(BERNE
Art
7(1))
Art30
Cinematographicworks: 50yearsaftertheworkhasbeenmadeavailabletothepublicwiththe
75yearsafter theworkhasbeenlegallypublished,orfailingsuchaneventwithin50yearsafterthemakingofsuchawork,
,
anevent
within
50
years
from
the
makingofsuchawork,50yearsafterthemaking(BERNEArt7(2))
Anonymousorpseudonymousworks:50yearsaftertheworkhas
beenlegally
made
available
to
the
75yearsaftertheworkhasbeenpublishedwiththerightholders
authorization(Art
31)
pu ic BERNEArt7 3
Worksofappliedartandphotographicworks:25yearsfrom
Lifeofauthorand50years
e ma ngo suc awor
Art7(4))
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FindingsinChapter4 UnderuseofflexibilitiesbyDC
.
Copyright TRIPS CambodianCopyrightLawPermitted
Uses
GeneralException (TRIPSArt13) Permissionofprivatereproductionof
a
published work
in
a
single
copy
,
sub ectto2conditions Art2
Quotations(BERNEArt10(1)): Noquantitativeorqualitativerestriction
Art 25:Confinednatureofworksthatcanbequoted;Qualitativerestriction
Utilizationfor
teaching
purpose
(BERNEArt10(2)):Norestrictionastothetypeandformof
Art25
& 29: Qualitative
restriction
to
thereproduction;typeandformofutilizationconfinedtoreprographic
utilization;Possibility toreproducethewholeofa
published
work;
Possibility
to
reproduction;distanceeducationnotexpresslyincluded
Useofarticlesinnewspapersandperiodicalsoncurrenteconomic,
Art25: Permissionofbroadcastingofpresscommentary
(BERNEArt 10bis(1))
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FindingsinChapter4 UnderuseofflexibilitiesbyDC
.
ecase
o
am o a
on nue
Copyright TRIPS CambodianCopyrightLawxcep ons
PermittedUses Useofworksforreportingpurposes
(BERNEArt
10bis(2))
Nosuchexception
Impliedexceptionwithrespecttotherightoftranslation
Misleading Art25
Minorreservation: Art28:Permission of citationofalegitimatelypublishedworkinanother
work
ExerciseofState Other impliedrestrictionson Noprovisiononthismatterower exc us ver g s mpose n e
publicinterests
Compulsory
Compulsory
licensing
(BERNE
Art
No
system of
compulsory
licensing
SP forDC BERNEAppendix NouseofBERNEAppendix
Outofreach FreedomtoallowParallel Import Art21:ExclusiverighttocontrolIssues importation anddistribution
Transitional
PeriodsTRIPS
11
year transitional
period
(ByJuly1,2013)No
significant
preparation
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Conclusion:
y orewor sto e one
y Questions,comments,adviceswelcomed