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Matsangas (2008) - Evaluation of mild motion sickness nauseogenic space and comparison with current standards:Should we go forward?TRANSCRIPT
Evaluation of mild motion sickness Evaluation of mild motion sickness nauseogenic space and comparison nauseogenic space and comparison with current standards:with current standards:Should we go forward?Should we go forward?
ACCeSS Meeting 2008The Atlantic Center for the Innovative Design and Control of Small Ships
By
LCDR P. Matsangas, M.Sc., Hellenic [email protected]
OverviewOverview
Motion sicknessMotion sickness HFR modelHFR model Existing standardsExisting standards What we knowWhat we know What we don’t knowWhat we don’t know Modeling approachModeling approach The way forwardThe way forward
Why?Why?
Ship’s motion
Motion Sickness Incidence (MSI)
Motion Induced Interruptions (MII)
Sleep amount and quality
Sopite Syndrome Human
Performance
Circadian Disynchrony
Motion-induced fatigue (MIF)
Ship’s motion
Human
Performance
Ship’s motion
Human
Performance
Models
Ship’s motion
Existing
HPMs
“Would like to have”
HPMs
Ship’s motion
Existing
HPMs
“Would like to have”
HPMs
Existing
models
“Would like to have”
models
Ship Design models
Human Performance models
Motion SicknessMotion Sickness
ISO standard 9996:2000ISO standard 9996:2000– Motion sickness is a commonly experienced and sometimes Motion sickness is a commonly experienced and sometimes
severe but reversible disorder specifically associated with severe but reversible disorder specifically associated with exposure to actual or perceived oscillatory motion in the exposure to actual or perceived oscillatory motion in the frequency range 0,l Hz to 1 Hzfrequency range 0,l Hz to 1 Hz. One or more of a . One or more of a constellation of symptoms (with or without frank vomiting) may constellation of symptoms (with or without frank vomiting) may afflict the sufferer. afflict the sufferer.
– In severe cases it is immediately and profoundly disruptive of In severe cases it is immediately and profoundly disruptive of motivation, concentration, activity and task performance in both motivation, concentration, activity and task performance in both individuals and groups, but in the individuals and groups, but in the less severe case with less severe case with premonitory manifestations it remains an open question premonitory manifestations it remains an open question whether individual task performance is degraded until whether individual task performance is degraded until activities are interrupted or abandonedactivities are interrupted or abandoned. .
– Group performanceGroup performance (for example the work of a ship’s (for example the work of a ship’s department) department) may be delayed or impaired by attritionmay be delayed or impaired by attrition in the in the crew. The malady afflicts sufferers in a highly idiosyncratic crew. The malady afflicts sufferers in a highly idiosyncratic manner. Most sufferers can benefit from diminishing effect of manner. Most sufferers can benefit from diminishing effect of continued or repeated exposure to the provocative stimulus continued or repeated exposure to the provocative stimulus (habituation).”(habituation).”
Sopite SyndromeSopite Syndrome
ISO standard 9996:2000ISO standard 9996:2000– ““A state of A state of sleepiness, lassitude, or drowsy sleepiness, lassitude, or drowsy
inattentioninattention induced by motion or vibration induced by motion or vibration”.”.– Furthermore, it notices: “Furthermore, it notices: “Profound lassitude and Profound lassitude and
drowsiness have been specifically identified as drowsiness have been specifically identified as the sopite syndrome, when associated with low-the sopite syndrome, when associated with low-frequency (below 1 Hz) motion such as is frequency (below 1 Hz) motion such as is commonly experienced aboard ships. The commonly experienced aboard ships. The neurological basis of the sopite syndrome, and neurological basis of the sopite syndrome, and its relationship to classical sickness, its relationship to classical sickness, remain remain open questionsopen questions in physiological science.” in physiological science.”
HFR model (1974-1976)HFR model (1974-1976)
Model CharacteristicsVertical AccelerationOnly true motionMSI: % of people who vomitTwo-hour nauseogenic period
Nauseogenic frequency range0.1 – 0.7 [Hz]
Central nauseogenic frequency0.167 [Hz]
Motion SicknessMotion SicknessAdaptation exampleAdaptation example
ProblemsProblems
The standardsThe standards– Are basedAre based
on the HFR regression modelon the HFR regression model
– Refer toRefer to Vomiting only (not motion sickness in Vomiting only (not motion sickness in
general)general) 0.1 Hz to 0.5 Hz0.1 Hz to 0.5 Hz No visual inputNo visual input No relation to task performanceNo relation to task performance Sopite syndrome?Sopite syndrome?
ConstraintsConstraints
The definition of motion sickness, The definition of motion sickness, The corresponding nauseogenic frequency The corresponding nauseogenic frequency
range, range, The nauseogenic motion incorporated for The nauseogenic motion incorporated for
the evaluation of motion sickness (z-axis), the evaluation of motion sickness (z-axis), The settings the standard refers to (no The settings the standard refers to (no
external visual), and external visual), and The motion category (real not apparent)The motion category (real not apparent) The motion attributes (simple sinusoidal)The motion attributes (simple sinusoidal)
Current status of Current status of knowledge related to MSknowledge related to MS What we knowWhat we know
– MS=f(acceleration(amplitude,frequency))MS=f(acceleration(amplitude,frequency))– More acceleration = more MSMore acceleration = more MS
What we don’t knowWhat we don’t know– Frequency response vsFrequency response vs
Symptoms (not only vomiting)Symptoms (not only vomiting) Visual inputVisual input
– Effect on task performanceEffect on task performance
What we must doWhat we must do
Develop appropriate Develop appropriate modelsmodels
Research on the Research on the effect of mild motion effect of mild motion sickness on task sickness on task performanceperformance
Simulate operational Simulate operational effectivenesseffectiveness
Current (2008) Model in Current (2008) Model in DetailDetail
Proposed Model
• Z-axis (Vertical Acceleration)
• Linear• Time invariant• Stable
Predicted MSIPredicted MSI
Proposed Model
CharacteristicsVertical AccelerationMSI: % of people who vomitTwo-hour nauseogenic period
Nauseogenic frequency range0.05 – 0.6 [Hz]
Central nauseogenic frequency0.17 [Hz]
0.05 0.16 0.27 0.38 0.49 0.6
0.050
0.082
0.135
0.222
0.365
0.600
Amplitude ARMS
[g]
Fre
quen
cy F
[Hz]
-25
-20 -20-15
-15 -15
-15 -15
-10 -10-10
-10-10 -10
-5
-5 -5-5
-5 -5 -5
0 00
0
0 00
0
5
Model ValidationModel ValidationTrue Motion SettingsTrue Motion Settings
Proposed model
HFR model
MSI Comparison between Proposed and HFR models
1
2
3
MSI AccumulationMSI Accumulation
CharacteristicsVertical AccelerationMSI: % of people who vomitTwo-hour nauseogenic period
Nauseogenic frequency range0.05 – 0.6 [Hz]
Central nauseogenic frequency0.17 [Hz]
101
102
0
50
100
MSI [%
]
Proposed modelHFR dataA
RMS=0.333 [Hz]
101
102
0
50
100
MSI [%
]
Proposed modelHFR dataA
RMS=0.222 [Hz]
10 20 30 40 50 607080 1001200
20
40
Time in [min]
MSI [%
]
Proposed modelHFR dataA
RMS=0.111 [Hz]
MSI HabituationMSI Habituation
1 2 3 4 520
40
60
80Pre
dict
ed M
SI [%
]
1 2 3 4 520
40
60
80
Exposure day
Obs
erve
d M
SI [%
]
Proposed model
HFR data
MSI Habituation and MSI Habituation and RetentionRetention
1 2 3 4 5 120
20
40
60
80
100
Retention →
Pre
dict
ed M
SI [%
]
1 2 3 4 5 120
20
40
60
80
100
Retention →
Exposure day
Obs
erve
d M
SI [%
]
Proposed model
HFR data
Model significanceModel significance
ParametricParametric Easily extended to various Easily extended to various
combinations of sensory cuescombinations of sensory cues Partially Validated but not “tuned”Partially Validated but not “tuned” PrecisePrecise EtiologicEtiologic Linear and time invariantLinear and time invariant
Future ResearchFuture Research
Regarding the modelRegarding the model– Implementation in SIMULINKImplementation in SIMULINK– Input of ships’ raw motion dataInput of ships’ raw motion data
evaluate the model’s performanceevaluate the model’s performance
– Increase external validityIncrease external validity– Use the model in order to analyze its’ Use the model in order to analyze its’
possible predictive validitypossible predictive validity
Future ResearchFuture Research
Regarding standardsRegarding standards Nauseogenic space of Nauseogenic space of
sopite syndromesopite syndrome Quantification of Quantification of
sopite syndrome sopite syndrome effectseffects– Vigilance tasks Vigilance tasks – Automation Automation
supervisionsupervision– Combined effect with Combined effect with
sleep deprivationsleep deprivation– Other common tasks Other common tasks
naval vesselsnaval vessels
Extend the existing standards
Increase habitability
Project DescriptionProject DescriptionResearch QuestionsResearch Questions Are sopite syndrome symptoms Are sopite syndrome symptoms
evident in the same evident in the same nauseogenic frequency range, nauseogenic frequency range, as it is defined in existing as it is defined in existing standards?standards?
Is sopite syndrome related to Is sopite syndrome related to the known main nauseogenic the known main nauseogenic environmental parameters environmental parameters (motion acceleration and (motion acceleration and frequency, time of nauseogenic frequency, time of nauseogenic exposure)?exposure)?
Is there a relation between Is there a relation between vigilance decrement and motion vigilance decrement and motion stimulus?stimulus?
Project DescriptionProject DescriptionGoalsGoals
Ship Ship Predicted Predicted Motion Motion ProfileProfile
Predicted MS Profile
Predicted MII Profile
Design Phase
Questions?Questions?
Motion Sickness Motion Sickness Incidence (MSI)Incidence (MSI) A common index of motion sickness A common index of motion sickness
severity.severity. The percentage of people who The percentage of people who vomitvomit
when exposed to a nauseogenic when exposed to a nauseogenic environment. environment.
Normalization & Linear Normalization & Linear Combination of 2 Sources of Combination of 2 Sources of Error = MSIError = MSI
Current Model (2008)Current Model (2008)in Detailin Detail