accelerating the education sector response to hiv: five years of experience from sub-saharan africa

8/14/2019 Accelerating the Education Sector Response to HIV: Five Years of Experience from Sub-Saharan Africa

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GFFNLN_GSHMB SENNC^FGSH@M VNFS@__NVQ@MVN S@ EHTDhvn Xngrs `d Nxpnrhnmfn dr`kVuo-Vgegrgm Gdrhfg


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Gffnlnrgthmb ten Ncufgth`mVnft`r _nsp`msn t` EHT


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Gffnlnrgthmb ten Ncufgth`mVnft`r _nsp`msn t` EHT

Dhvn Xngrs `d Nxpnrhnmfndr`k Vuo-Vgegrgm Gdrhfg

C`mglc Oumcy

Gmteh Qgtrhih`s

Fegmbu Kgmmgte`i`

Gmcy Snko`m

Vtnllg Kgmcg

Ogfehr Vgrr

Lnslny Crgin


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?171 Sen Hmtnrmgth`mgl Ogmi d`r _nf`mstrufth`m gmc Cnvnl`pknmt / Sen R`rlc Ogmi

7575 E Vtrnnt MRRgsehmbt`m CF ?1366Snlnpe`mn: ?1?-326-7111Hmtnrmnt: www.w`rlcogmi.`rbN-kghl: dnncogfiAw`rlcogmi.`rb

Gll rhbets rnsnrvnc

7 ? 6 3 76 7? 77 71

Sehs v`lukn hs g pr`cuft d ten stgfi d ten Hmtnrmgth`mgl Ogmi d`r _nf`mstrufth`m gmc Cnvnl`pknmt /Sen R`rlc Ogmi. Sen mchmbs, hmtnrprntgth`ms, gmc f`mflush`ms nxprnssnc hm tehs v`lukn c` m`tmnfnssgrhly rnnft ten vhnws `d ten Nxnfuthvn Chrnft`rs `d Sen R`rlc Ogmi `r ten b`vnrmknmts tenyrnprnsnmt.

Sen R`rlc Ogmi c`ns m`t bugrgmtnn ten gffurgfy `d ten cgtg hmflucnc hm tehs w`ri. Sen oùmcgrhns,f`l`rs, cnm`khmgth`ms, gmc `tenr hmd`rkgth`m se`wm `m gmy kgp hm tehs w`ri c` m`t hkply gmyjucbnknmt m ten pgrt d Sen R`rlc Ogmi f`mfnrmhmb ten lnbgl stgtus d gmy tnrrht`ry `r ten nmc`rsn-knmt `r gffnptgmfn `d sufe oùmcgrhns.

_hbets gmc Qnrkhssh`ms

Sen kgtnrhgl hm tehs puolhfgth`m hs f`pyrhbetnc. F`pyhmb gmc/`r trgmskhtthmb p`rth`ms `r gll `d tehsw`ri whteùt pnrkhssh`m kgy on g vh`lgth`m `d gpplhfgoln lgw. Sen Hmtnrmgth`mgl Ogmi d`r _nf`m-strufth`m gmc Cnvnl`pknmt / Sen R`rlc Ogmi nmfùrgbns chssnkhmgth`m `d hts w`ri gmc whll m`r-kglly brgmt pnrkhssh`m t` rnpr`cufn p`rth`ms `d ten w`ri pr`kptly.

D`r pnrkhssh`m t` pe`t`f`py `r rnprhmt gmy pgrt `d tehs w`ri, plngsn snmc g rnqunst whte f`kplntnhmd`rkgth`m t` ten F`pyrhbet Flngrgmfn Fnmtnr Hmf., ??? _`snw``c Crhvn, Cgmvnrs, KG 178?6, VG9tnlnpe`mn: 825-2>1-53119 dgx: 825-2>1-33219 Hmtnrmnt: www.f`pyrhbet.f`k.

Gll tenr qunrhns m rhbets gmc lhfnmsns, hmfluchmb suoshchgry rhbets, seùlc on gccrnssnc t` ten @st fn`d ten Quolhsenr, Sen R`rlc Ogmi, 7575 E Vtrnnt MR, Rgsehmbt`m, CF ?1366, ^VG9 dgx: ?1?->??-?3??9 n-kghl: puorhbetsAw`rlcogmi.`rb.

HVOM: 825-1-5?76-286?->nHVOM: 825-1-5?76-2825-6C@H: 71.7>84/825-1-5?76-286?->

F`vnr pe`t`: Bntty Hkgbns/Qgul Inmwgrc

Lhorgry d F`mbrnss Fgtgl`bhmb-hm-Quolhfgth`m Cgtg

Gffnlnrgthmb ten ncufgth`m snft`r rnsp`msn t` EHT : vn yngrs `d nxpnrhnmfn dr`k Vuo-VgegrgmGdrhfg.p. 9 fk. Sen rnp`rt wgs wrhttnm oy: C`mglc Oumcy ... Ynt gl.[.Gfim`wlncbknmts. Hmflucns oholh`brgpehfgl rndnrnmfns gmc hmcnx. HVOM 825-1-5?76-286?-> (gli. pgpnr) 7. GHCV (Chsngsn)Qrnvnmth`mGdrhfg, Vuo-Vgegrgm. ?. Englte ncufgth`mGdrhfg, Vuo-Vgegrgm. H.Oumcy, C`mglc G. Q. HH. R`rlc Ogmi.

YCMLK: 7. EHT Hmdnfth`msprnvnmth`m & f`mtr`lGdrhfg Vùte `d ten Vgegrg. ?. B`vnrmknmtQr`brgksGdrhfg Vùte `d ten Vgegrg. 6. Englte Ncufgth`m`rbgmhzgth`m & gckhmhstrgth`mGdrhfg

Vùte `d ten Vgegrg. 3. Englte Qr`k`th`m`rbgmhzgth`m & gckhmhstrgth`mGdrhfg Vùte `d tenVgegrg. >. Hmtnrmgth`mgl F``pnrgth`mGdrhfg Vùte `d ten Vgegrg. RF >16.4 G748 ?118[_G436.54.G6>2G66 ?11864?.784828?11842cf??

?11817>785


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Qrndgfn hx

D`rnw`rc xh

Gfim`wlncbknmts xhhh

Goornvhgth ms gmc Gfr`myks xxhhh

@vnrvhnw xxvhh

Hmtr`cufth`m 7

Ogfibr`umc t` ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn 6B`gls gmc @ojnfthvns d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn 3Hkplnknmtgth`m d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn >Sen Nv`luth`m d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn 4_nvhnw `d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn: Dhvn Xngrs @m 2

7. Qr`k`thmb Lngcnrsehp oy ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r gmcFrngthmb Vnft`rgl Cnkgmc d`r g _nsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV 8

Kghmstrngkhmb EHT/GHCV hm ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r 77Nvglugthmb ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn Qr`fnss 76

?. Egrk`mhzhmb Vupp`rt gk`mb Cnvnl`pknmt

Qgrtmnrs t` Onttnr Gsshst F`umtrhns gmc _ncufn

Srgmsgfth`m F`sts 7>

6. Qr`k`thmb F``rchmgth`m whte ten Mgth`mgl GHCV

Gute`rhthns gmc Nmegmfhmb Gffnss t` GHCV Dumcs ?7

F`mtnmts

v


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vh | F`mtnmts

3. Vegrhmb Hmd`rkgth`m `m EHT/GHCV whte Vpnfhf _nlnvgmfn

t` ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r ?>

Qr`cufth`m d Mnw C`fuknmtgth`m Gccrnsshmb Ncufgth`mHssuns dr`k gm EHT/GHCV Qnrspnfthvn ?4

Qr`k`thmb Brngtnr Gffnss t` g Frhthfgl Vuosnt d NxhsthmbHmd`rkgth`m `m GHCV gmc Ncufgth`m ?5

>. Vtrnmbtenmhmb ten Snfemhfgl F`mtnmt gmc Hkplnknmtgth`m

`d ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r _nsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV 6>

Vnft`r Q`lhfy (Hmfluchmb R`riplgfn Q`lhfy) 62Qlgmmhmb gmc Khthbgth`m 31Qrnvnmth`m (Hmfluchmb Sngfenr Srghmhmb gmc Lhdn Vihlls) 36Nmsurhmb Gffnss t` Ncufgth`m d`r @rpegms gmc

Tulmnrgoln Fehlcrnm 34

4. F`mflush`ms gmc ten Rgy D`rwgrc 38

Ncufgth`m Vnft`r _nsp`msns Egvn Gffnlnrgtnc >1K`rn Nfinfthvn Lhmis whte Cnvnl`pknmt Qgrtmnrs Grn Nknrbhmb >1K`rn gmc Onttnr Wuglhty Hmd`rkgth`m Hs Gvghlgoln >7Ncufgth`m Vnft`r _nsp`msns t` EHT Grn M`w Onhmb

Hkplnknmtnc oy g Kgj`rhty d Fùmtrhns >?M`t Gll Vnft`rgl EHT _nsp`msns Grn Kghmstrngk Gfthvhthns >?Nfinfthvn K`mht`rhmb gmc Nvglugth`m _nkghm g Kgj`r Fegllnmbn >6Hmvnstknmt hm _nbh`mgl F``rchmgth`m gmc Im`wlncbn Vegrhmb

Ve`ws Onmnts Out Fgm On Chst fult t` Vustghm >3

NDG-DSH Qr`fnssns Grn Vtrnmbtenmhmb EHT/GHCV _nsp`msnswhtehm ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r Qlgms >3Fùmtrhns `d ten Vùtenrm F`mn Egvn Xnt t` Nmbgbn hm ten

Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn >>Sen Duturn `d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn >>

Gppnmchxns >2

Gppnmchx G: Fer`m`l`by d Gffnlnrgtn R`rise`ps >8

Gppnmchx O: Cnvnl`pknmt Qgrtmnrs Hmv`lvnc hm Vuornbh`mglgmc Mgth`mgl R`rise`ps Enlc shmfn ?11? 46Gppnmchx F: S`p ?1 Chstrhoutnc C`fuknmts t` Cgtn 42


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F`mtnmts | vhh

Gppnmchx C: Gffnlnrgthmb ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r _nsp`msn t`

EHT/GHCV hm Gdrhfg: G Fenfilhst d B``c Qrgfthfn 48Gppnmchx N: ?112 Vurvny Wunsth`mmghrn 22

_ndnrnmfns 52

Hmcnx 58

O`xns

7 Sen ^MGHCV Hmtnr-Gbnmfy Sgsi Sngk (HGSS) `m Ncufgth`m 3

? Lngcnrsehp oy ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r whtehm g Dncnrgl Vystnk:Sen Fgsn `d Mhbnrhg 71

6 Lngcnrsehp oy ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r whtehm g Vkgll Vtgtn:Sen _npuolhf `d Ourumch 77

3 Kghmstrngkhmb: Sen Bnmcnr Qnrspnfthvn 7? > Fhvhl V`fhntys _`ln hm Gffnlnrgthmb ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r

_nsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV 74 4 EHT/GHCV gs g R`riplgfn Hssun 75

2 D`stnrhmb Brngtnr Hmv`lvnknmt `d Qn`pln Lhvhmb whteEHT/GHCV (BHQG) hm ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn ?1

5 Gffnsshmb MGF Dumchmb hm ten Rnst Gdrhfg Mntw`ri ?? 8 G Fenfilhst `d B``c Qrgfthfn ?471 Sen Rhmc`w d E`pn C`fuknmtgry ?277 G Vùrfno`ì d EHT/GHCV Qrnvnmth`m Gfthvhthns hm

ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r, T`lukn HH 617? Fùmtrhns Nknrbhmb dr`k F`mhft gmc Drgbhln Vtgtns 6476 Sgihmb Gfthvhthns t` Vfgln: Sngfenr Srghmhmb hm Begmg 6473 Sen Vnmnbglnsn Nxpnrhnmfn: Vfe``l Englte, Mutrhth`m, gmc

EHT/GHCV Qr`brgkkhmb 627> Qr`vhchmb Sngfenrs whte Gffnss t` Drnn TFS gmc G_S:

G Vuffnss Vt`ry dr`k Zgkohg 6574 Gbrnnhmb m Hmchfgt`rs gmc Nfinfthvn K&N Vtrgtnbhns 3772 Sen Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmt Vurvny:

G S``l d`r K`mht`rhmb Qr`fnss 3675 Cnvnl`phmb EHT/GHCV Qrnvnmth`m Furrhfulg hmFnmtrgl Gdrhfg 33


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78 Chrnft Vupp`rt t` Vfe``ls (CVV) hm K`zgkohqun 3>

?1 Sen Brùp d`r ten Vtucy gmc Sngfehmb `d Q`pulgth`m Hssuns(BNNQ): Gm Nxpnrhknmt t` Qrnvnmt ten Vprngc `d EHT/GHCVgk`mb Vfe``lfehlcrnm 32

?7 Iny Dhmchmbs `d ten ?112 D`fgl Q`hmt Vurvny 35

Dhburns

7 Fùmtry Qgrthfhpgth`m hm ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn Vhmfn ?11? 71 ? Nvglugth`m `d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn R`rise`ps 76

6 Cnvnl`pknmt Qgrtmnrs Hmv`lvnc hm Ngfe `d ten Vuornbh`mgl gmcMgth`mgl R`rise`ps Enlc shmfn ?11? 72 3 Lnvnl `d _nprnsnmtgth`m `d ^M Gbnmfhns, Ohlgtnrgl C`m`rs, gmc

Fhvhl V`fhnty @rbgmhzgth`ms gt ten Vuornbh`mgl gmc Mgth`mglR`rise`ps gmc Mntw`ri Knnthmbs Enlc shmfn ?11? 78

> Fer`m`l`by d Khmhstrhns `d Ncufgth`m Dhrst Gffnsshmb Dumcsdr`k Senhr Mgth`mgl GHCV Fùmfhls (MGFs) ?6

4 K`mtely Rno Vhtn Ehts, Jgmugry ?116Cnfnkonr ?114 ?8

2 Kngm Mukonr d K`mtely C`wml`gc Dhln _nqunsts 61 5 Qr`brnss hm Hkplnknmthmb Q`lhfy Gfthvhthns ond`rn gmc gdtnr

ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn 68 8 Qr`brnss hm Hkplnknmthmb Qrnvnmth`m Gfthvhthns ond`rn gmc

gdtnr ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn 34

vhhh | F`mtnmts


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Qrndgfn

Sen w`ri cnsfrhonc hm tehs rnvhnw se`ws ten f`kkhtknmt `d ncufgth`mtngks terùbeùt Gdrhfg t` f`mtrhoutn t` ten kulthsnft`rgl rnsp`msn tÈHT/GHCV. Ht hs gls` g tnstgknmt t` ten lngcnrsehp se`wm oy Khmhstrhns `dNcufgth`m, hm enlphmb ten mnw bnmnrgth`m `d fehlcrnm gmc yùte br`w uponttnr goln t` fegllnmbn EHT, gmc hm pr`vhchmb fgrn gmc supp`rt d`r ten ncu-

fgt`rs we` dtnm rnprnsnmt k`rn tegm egld ten puolhf snft`r w`rid`rfn.Gfr`ss ten f`mthmnmt, EHT/GHCV egs ten gohlhty t` gfinft m`t `mly tensupply `d ncufgth`m, oy hts hkpgft `m tngfenrs gmc ncufgth`m stgfi, out gls`ten cnkgmc, oy hkp`vnrhsehmb eùsne`lcs gmc frngthmb `rpegms, furrnmtlynsthkgtnc gt s`kn 77.3 khllh`m dr`k GHCV gl`mn. Renm gccnc t` ten `tenrkgj`r hssuns dgfhmb ten f`mthmnmt, sufe gs f`mhfts, p`lhthfgl hmstgohlhty, d``cgmc nmnrby se`rtgbns, gmc nmvhr`mknmtgl se`fis, ten nphcnkhf hs ynt g dur-tenr fegllnmbn t` ten fgpgfhty `d ncufgth`m snft`rs t` gttghm Ncufgth`m d`r

Gll gmc knnt ten Khllnmmhuk Cnvnl`pknmt B`gls. Out tehs rnvhnw se`wstegt ten ncufgth`m snft`rs grn rhshmb t` ten fegllnmbn hm wgys tegt grnhmfrngshmbly nfinfthvn.

Sen w`ri cnsfrhonc hm tehs rnvhnw c`ns m`t subbnst gmy shmbln s`luth`m.Hmstngc, ten gppr`gfe hs ogsnc `m ten rnf`bmhth`m tegt Gdrhfg hs g chvnrsnf`mthmnmt, gmc fùmtrhns mnnc t` mc tenhr wm l`fgl gppr`gfens t` ten nph-cnkhf. Sen _nbh`mgl Nf`m`khf F`kkumhthns (_NFs) `d ten Gdrhfgm ^mh`megvn onnm hmstruknmtgl hm nmfùrgbhmb l`fglly spnfhf rnsp`msns gmc, rnf-

`bmhzhmb tegt EHT im`ws m` dr`mthnrs, hm f``rchmgthmb rnsp`msns gk`mbmnhbeo`rs. Sen fùmtrhns d Ngst, Fnmtrgl, gmc Rnst Gdrhfg, w`rihmb terùbeten _NFs, egvn frngtnc suornbh`mgl mntw`ris `d Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m

hx


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x | Qrndgfn

EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmts9 tensn mntw`ris egvn onnm iny t` segrhmb hmd`rkg-

th`m gmc cnvnl`phmb fgpgfhty, gmc s` t` gffnlnrgthmb gmc strnmbtenmhmbrnsp`msns gt ten mgth`mgl lnvnl.Sen rnvhnw se`ws e`w, `vnr ten lgst vn yngrs, ten lngcnrsehp hm Khmhs-

trhns `d Ncufgth`m egs onnm frufhgl hm kòhlhzhmb tensn gfthvhthns, gmc gls`nkpegshzns tegt nfinfthvn hkplnknmtgth`m cnpnmcs m ten dull pgrthfhpgth`m`d gll stgine`lcnrs. Ncufgth`m stgfi, ncufgt`rs, gmc lngrmnrs gll egvn g r`ln t`plgy, gs c` pgrnmt-tngfenr gss`fhgth`ms, tngfenrs umh`ms gmc ten kgmy fhvhls`fhnty `rbgmhzgth`ms, hmfluchmb dghte-ogsnc `rbgmhzgth`ms, tegt grn s`

hkp`rtgmt hm ten m`md`rkgl snft`r. Sen rnvhnw gls` cnk`mstrgtns ten f`k-khtknmt `d ten cnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs, gmc tenhr nfi`rts t` egrk`mhzn tenhrf`mtrhouth`m t`wgrc strnmbtenmhmb ten ncufgth`m gbnmcg.

Gs ten rnvhnw se`ws, g b``c stgrt egs onnm kgcn, gmc kufe egs onnmgfehnvnc. Out kufe rnkghms t` on c`mn hd ten ncufgth`m snft`rs gfr`ssGdrhfg grn t` rnglhzn tenhr dull p`tnmthgl t` f`mtrhoutn t` ten mgth`mglrnsp`msns t` EHT/GHCV. S` tehs nmc, H fgll up`m ten lngcnrs `d fùmtrhns hmGdrhfg, cnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs, m`mb`vnrmknmtgl rbgmhzgth`ms, gmc gll ncu-

fgth`m pgrtmnrs gmc gft`rs t` durtenr f`kkht tenksnlvns t` pr`vhcn ùrfehlcrnm g onttnr duturn.

Kr. Czhmbgh Kutukouig (@ftònr ?115)Feghr

Sen Gss`fhgth`m d`r ten Cnvnl`pknmt `d Ncufgth`m hm Gdrhfg (GCNG)


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D`rnw`rc

Oy ten nmc d ?114, gm nsthkgtnc 68.> khllh`m pn`pln w`rlcwhcn wnrn lhvhmbwhte EHT hmdnfth`m. Blòglly, GHCV hs ten dùrte lngchmb fgusn `d cngte.Rhtehm ten mnxt vn yngrs, gmc gt ten pgfn d gffnss t` gmthrntr`vhrgl tenrgpy(G_S), nvnry snvnmte fehlc hm ten w`rst gfinftnc Vuo-Vgegrgm fùmtrhns whllon gm `rpegm, lgrbnly onfgusn `d GHCV.

EHT trngtknmt hs gm nssnmthgl pgrt `d ten rnsp`msn t` tehs nphcnkhf, outglteùbe trngtknmt nfi`rts bgtenr pgfn, EHT prnvnmth`m hs t`` `dtnm onhmblndt onehmc. Cgtg dr`k ?11> se`wnc tegt ten rgtn `d mnw EHT hmdnfth`msbrngtly nxfnncnc ten nxpgmsh`m d EHT trngtknmt, kgihmb ht flngr tegt umh-vnrsgl gffnss t` G_S whll `mly on gfehnvnc `mfn EHT prnvnmth`m onf`knscrgkgthfglly k`rn suffnssdul. Kgmy pn`pln sthll c` m`t onlhnvn teny grn gtrhsi, gmc sthbkg gmc chsfrhkhmgth`m sthll chsfùrgbn kgmy pn`pln dr`k tgi-hmb gm EHT tnst t` cntnrkhmn tenhr EHT stgtus.

EHT prnvnmth`m gmc trngtknmt grn lhminc strgtnbhfglly oy ten d`rkglhmtnrmgth`mgl gbrnnknmt gt ten ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Bnmnrgl Gssnkolys Jumn?114 Ehbe Lnvnl Knnthmb `m GHCV t` sfgln up t`wgrcs ten b`gl `d umhvnr-sgl gffnss t` f`kprnenmshvn EHT prnvnmth`m pr`brgks, trngtknmt, fgrngmc supp`rt oy ?171. Sen umhvnrsgl gffnss f`kkhtknmt nkpegshzns tenmnnc d`r dgr brngtnr urbnmfy, nquhty, gfi`rcgohlhty, gmc sustghmgohlhty hmmgth`mgl GHCV rnsp`msns, gs wnll gs g f`kprnenmshvn gmc, hkp`rtgmtly,kulthsnft`rgl gppr`gfe. ^mhvnrsgl gffnss snnis t` nmbgbn fùmtrhns hm

cnmhmb d`r tenksnlvns wegt teny wgmt t` gfehnvn gmc ten thkn drgkn d`rsfglhmb up. Hm cnvnl`phmb tehs tenkn, ten Gdrhfgm ^mh`m cnflgrnc ?114 ten

xh


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xhh | D`rnw`rc

yngr `d gffnlnrgthmb gffnss t` EHT prnvnmth`m, gmc 61 fùmtrhns d`rkglly

rnf`bmhznc ten mnnc t` gffnlnrgtn EHT prnvnmth`m.Gbghmst tehs ogfibrùmc, ten furrnmt rnvhnw `d ten Gdrhfg pr`brgk t`gffnlnrgtn ten ncufgth`m snft`r rnsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV hs rnkgrigoly thknly.Sehs hmhthgthvn oy g R`rihmb Brùp d ten MGHCV Hmtnr-Gbnmfy Sgsi Sngk`m Ncufgth`m egs enlpnc ten ncufgth`m snft`rs d fùmtrhns hm Vuo-VgegrgmGdrhfg t` plgy g str`mbnr r`ln hm ten mgth`mgl kulthsnft`rgl rnsp`msn t` GHCVshmfn ?11?. Sen ncufgth`m snft`r egs g spnfhgl plgfn hm tehs rnsp`msn, onfgusnht m`t `mly enlps d`rk ten tehmihmb `d ten mnxt bnmnrgth`mnspnfhglly hm

gccrnsshmb sthbkg gmc prnvnmth`mout hs gls` rnsp`msholn d`r ten fgrn gmcsupp`rt `d s`kn 41 pnrfnmt `d ten puolhf snft`r w`rid`rfn.

Sen prnsnmt rnvhnw se`ws, d`r g frhthfgl snft`r, e`w f``rchmgtnc nfi`rtsoy fùmtrhns, ^MGHCV f`sp`ms`rs, ohlgtnrgl c`m`rs, gmc fhvhl s`fhnty fgmenlp pr`k`tn snft`rgl lngcnrsehp9 strnmbtenm prnvnmth`m nfi`rts9 hmfrngsnd`fus `m ten mnncs `d w`knm gmc bhrls, fehlcrnm gmc `rpegms9 gmc rncufnsthbkg gmc chsfrhkhmgth`m.

Qntnr Qh`t (Kgy ?112)Nxnfuthvn Chrnft`r

^MGHCV


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Gfim`wlncbknmts

G pr`brgk t` gffnlnrgtn ncufgth`m snft`r rnsp`msns t` EHT/GHCV hm Vuo-Vgegrgm Gdrhfg wgs hmhthgtnc whte g R`rihmb Brùp `d ten ^MGHCV Hmtnr-Gbnmfy Sgsi Sngk `m Ncufgth`m hm ?11?. Sehs rnp`rt wgs prnpgrnc gs gf`llgo`rgthvn nfi`rt oy ten knkonrs `d ten mntw`ris `d Khmhstry `d Ncufg-th`m EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmts hm Ngstnrm, Rnst, gmc Fnmtrgl Gdrhfg we` egc

pgrthfhpgtnc hm tehs nfi`rt vnr ten suosnqunmt vn yngrs.Sen rst crgdt gmc gmglysns wnrn f`kplntnc gt ten ?mc Gmmugl Knnthmb`d ten Gdrhfgm Mntw`ris `d Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmts(Mghròh ?112). Senm onbgm g pr`fnss `d gll 62 pgrthfhpgthmb fùmtrhns t`rnvhnw ten f`mtnmt wehfe wgs tenm mglhsnc gt ten 6rcGmmugl Knnthmb `dten Gdrhfgm Mntw`ris `d Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmts(Cgigr, ?115). G Drnmfe vnrsh`m hs gvghlgoln dr`k www.sfe``lsgmcenglte.`rb.

Snfemhfgl gmc ncht`rhgl hmput t` ten rnvhnw wgs pr`vhcnc oy g tngk `dKhmhstry `d Ncufgth`m EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmts: Bgorhnlln Ogmcrn (Khmhs-try `d Ncufgth`m, Ourihmg Dgs`)9 Ogllg Fgkgrg (Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m,_npuolhf `d Buhmng)9 Gr`bg Cshr (Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m, Fgknr``m)9Kgyonlln G. Bgkgmbg (Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m, Vhnrrg Ln`mn)9 GbbrnyIhonmbn (Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m gmc Vp`rts, ^bgmcg)9 Gkhf`lne Konyn(Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m gmc Vp`rts, Sen Bgkohg)9 gmc Kglhfi Vnkonmn(Khmhstry d Ncufgth`m, Vnmnbgl).

Sen rnp`rt wgs wrhttnm oy C`mglc Oumcy (R`rlc Ogmi)9 GmtehQgtrhih`s (Qgrtmnrsehp d`r Fehlc Cnvnl`pknmt)9 Fegmbu Kgmmgteì`(^MHFND)9 Gmcy Snko`m (R`rlc Ogmi)9 Vtnllg Kgmcg (R`rlc Ogmi)9

xhhh


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xhv | Gfim`wlncbknmts

Ogfehr Vgrr (^MNVF@, O_NCG)97 gmc Lnslny Crgin (Qgrtmnrsehp d`r

Fehlc Cnvnl`pknmt).Sen w`ri cnsfrhonc enrn wgs supp`rtnc oy ten pgrthfhpgthmb b`vnrm-knmts, gmc oy f`mtrhouth`ms hm thkn gmc hm ihmc oy ten pgrthfhpgthmb rbgmh-zgth`ms gmc hmchvhcugls. Qrhmfhpgl mgmfhgl supp`rt wgs pr`vhcnc oy tenR`rlc Ogmi gmc ten B`vnrmknmts `d M`rwgy, ten ^mhtnc Ihmbc`k (vhg gCDHC trust dumc gt ten R`rlc Ogmi), gmc Hrnlgmc. Gcchth`mgl supp`rt wgspr`vhcnc oy ten Qgrtmnrsehp d`r Fehlc Cnvnl`pknmt (wehfe rnfnhvns s`knsupp`rt dr`k ten R`rlc Ogmi Cnvnl`pknmt Brgmt Dgfhlhty), gmc oy ten

Kulth-Gbnmfy Ncufgth`m Qr`brgk Cnvnl`pknmt Dumc (NQCD) wehfe hskgmgbnc oy ten Ncufgth`m d`r Gll Dgst Srgfi Hmhthgthvn (NDG-DSH).

Rn gls` brgtndully gfim`wlncbn ten pnnr rnvhnws `d ten rnp`rt oy tnfemh-fgl rnvhnwnrs whtehm ten Nf`m`khf F`kkumhty `d Fnmtrgl Gdrhfgm Vtgtns(NFFGV)9 ten Nf`m`khf F`kkumhty `d Rnst Gdrhfgm Vtgtns (NF@RGV)9gmc ten Ngst Gdrhfgm F`kkumhty (NGF), gs wnll gs hmput dr`k ten d`ll`whmbtnfemhfgl rnvhnwnrs: Kgttenw Juins (Egrvgrc)9 Khfegnl Inlly (Zgkohg)9Lnkkg Knrhc (^MCQ)9 Venlc`m Vegnfinr (^MNVF@)9 Ferhst`penr Se`kgs

(R`rlc Ogmi)9 gmc Glnxgmcrhg Tglnrh` (R`rlc Ogmi).Rn grn gls` vnry brgtndul t` ten d`ll`whmb pn`pln gmc tenhr `rbgmhzg-

th`ms tegt f`mtrhoutnc t` ten rnp`rts gmc gfth`ms rnnftnc hm tehs rnp`rt, gsd`ll`ws.

Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmtsRnst Gdrhfg

Gcgkg O`l`b` (D`fgl Q`hmt, FKLV/KNOG, Ourihmg Dgs`)9 Ghfentg KuhtNly Vglnk (D`fgl Q`hmt, Kgurhtgmhg)9 Gssgtg Srg`rn (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstrncn lNmsnhbmnknmt Vuprhnur nt cn lg _nfenrfen Vfhnmthqun, _npuolhf `dBuhmng)9 Gkhf`lne Kogyn (D`fgl Q`hmt, Cnpgrtknmt d Vtgtn d`r Ncufgth`m,Bgkohg)9 Gttgkgig Igrhk`u (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstrn cns NmsnhbmnknmtsVnf`mcghrn nt Vuprhnur, cn lg _nfenrfen nt cn lg Snfem`l`bhn, Mhbnr)9 OgllgFgkgrg (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstrn cn lNmsnhbmnknmt Qr-^mhvnrshtghrn nt cnlNcufgth`m Fhvhqun, _npuolhf `d Buhmng)9 Fegrslny Iukoly (D`fgl Q`hmt,

Vfe``l Englte Chvhsh`m/KCN, Lhonrhg)9 Cgcy Vrgpehmn (D`fgl Q hmt, Khmhs-trn cns Nmsnhbmnknmts Qrhkghrn nt Vnf`mcghrn, Onmhm)9 Nffug @yhml`yn

7 Ogfehr Vgrr hs m`w w`rihmb whte ten Fgmgchgm GHCV V`fhnty.


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Gfim`wlncbknmts | xv

(D`fgl Q`hmt, Dncnrgl Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m, Mhbnrhg)9 Bgorhnlln Ogmcrn

(D`fgl Q`hmt, FKLV/KNVV_V, Ourihmg Dgs`)9 Ehlcg Nbegm (D`fgl Q`hmt,Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m, Xùte gmc Vp`rts, Begmg)9 I`st Xg` Dgusthm (D`fglQ`hmt, Khmhstrn cn lNcufgth`m, Ftn cHv`hrn)9 Lhchg Nv`rg (D`fgl Q`hmt,Chrnftrhfn cn lNmsnhbmnknmt Vnf`mcghrn, Fgpn Tnrcn)9 Kglhfi Vnkonmn(D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstrn cn lNcufgth`m, Vnmnbgl)9 Kgkgc Cgmdg (D`fglQ`hmt, Buhmng Ohssgu)9 Kgyonlln Bgkgmbg (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstry `dNcufgth`m Vfhnmfn gmc Snfem`l`by, Vhnrrg Ln`mn)9 Vgssgmg Chgmn (D`fglQ`hmt, Khmhstrn cn lNmsnhbmnknmt Snfemhqun nt cn lg D`rkgth`m Qr`-

dnssh`mmnl, _npuolhf `d Buhmng)9 Sgb`mn Mgi` (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstrncns Nmsnhbmnknmts Qrhkghrn nt Vnf`mcghrn, S`b`)9 Rlog Ogbgyì`(D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstrn cn lNcufgth`m Mgth`mgln, Kglh)9 gmc XùmùssgBùkny (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstrn cn lNcufgth`m cn Ogsn nt cn lGlpego-thsgth`m, Mhbnr).

Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmtsNgstnrm Gdrhfg

Gorgegk Snfiln (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m, Nrhtrng)9 GbbrnyIhonmbn (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m gmc Vp`rts, ^bgmcg)9 Gmt`mh`Dhlhkg` Shvgmn (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m gmc Fulturn, K`zgk-ohqun)9 Gt` Igsu Goch (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m, Nteh`phg)9Gubusthmn Igkl`mbnrg (Chrnft`r `d Qlgmmhmb, Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m gmcEukgm _nsùrfn, Kglgwh)9 Onrmgrc C`khmb` (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstry `dNcufgth`m, Zgkohg)9 Drgm`hsn-_`kghmn Mcgyhsnmbg (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstryd`r Mgth`mgl Ncufgth`m gmc Fulturn, Ourumch)9 Hsggf Seuhtg (D`fgl Q`hmt,

Khmhstry d Ncufgth`m Vfhnmfn & Snfem`l`by, Inmyg)9 Lgnththg Vgyh (Khmhstry`d Ncufgth`m gmc T`fgth`mgl Srghmhmb, Kghmlgmc Sgmzgmhg)9 Ksegurh Iegkhs(D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m gmc T`fgth`mgl Srghmhmb, Zgmzhogr)9@sfgr Kp`mcg (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m gmc Eukgm _nsùrfn,Kglgwh)9 gmc Thvhgmn Kuigmyhrhbhrg (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m,_wgmcg).

Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmtsFnmtrgl Gdrhfg

Gmcrn Vylvhn Oùleùc (Q`hmt D`fgl, Khmhstrn cn lNmsnhbmnknmt Snfemh-qun nt Qr`dnssh`mmnl, F`mb` Orgzzgvhlln)9 Ferhsthmn Mnpg Mnpg (D`fgl Q`hmt,


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xvh | Gfim`wlncbknmts

Khmhstrn cn lNmsnhbmnknmt Qrhkghrn, Vnf`mcghrn nt Qr`dnssh`mmnlln,

_puolhqun Ck`frgthqun cu F`mb`)9 Fl`thlcn Kùmteùc Ogmteùc(D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstrn cn lNmsnhbmnknmt Qrhkghrn nt Vnf`mcghrn, ten_npuolhf d F`mb`)9 Cnrkogyn Cjnlgkcn Koghr` (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstrncn lNcufgth`m Mgth`mgln, Fegc)9 Cshr Gr`bg (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstrncn lNcufgth`m cn Ogsn, Fgknrùm)9 Nlhsgonte Snmlnp (D`fgl Q`hmt,Khmhstrn cns Nmsnhbmnknmts Vnf`mcghrn, Fgknrùm)9 _gyk`mc Vninlg(D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstrn cn lNcufgth`m Mgth`mgln, _puolhqun Fnmtrgdrh-fghmn)9 _`bnr Mzgkog Kgvh`bg (Q`hmt D`fgl, Khmhstrn lNcufgth`m

Mgth`mgln nt cn lHmstrufth`m Fhvhqun, Bgo`m)9 gmc Vgmthgb` Ohvhmh Kgm-bun (D`fgl Q`hmt, Khmhstrn lNcufgth`m Mgth`mgln, Buhmn Nquht`rhgln).

Fhvhl V`fhnty

Ghcg Kogfin (Grfnmfhnl F`kkumhfgth`m, Vnmnbgl)9 Gldrnc @puo`r (Gss`-fhgth`m d`r ten Cnvnl`pknmt `d Ncufgth`m hm Gdrhfg)9 Glhfn Vnmg Lgkptny(Gss`fhgth`m `d Gdrhfgm ^mhvnrshthns)9 Glhfn R``lmùbe (Qgrtmnrsehp d`r

Fehlc Cnvnl`pknmt)9 Gmteh Qgtrhih`s (Qgrtmnrsehp d`r Fehlc Cnvnl`p-knmt)9 Gmte`my Ihmbe`rm (^.V. Gbnmfy d`r Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt/Kòhln Sgsi Sngk)9 Gwusgou-Gsgrn (^mhvnrshty `d Fgpn-F`gst)9 OgogfgrDgll (Brùp d`r ten Vtucy gmc Sngfehmb `d Q`pulgth`m Hssuns, BNNQ, Vnm-nbgl)9 Ogmny Knchg (Rgsehmbt`m, CF)9 Oenih Swglg (Qgrtmnrsehp d`r FehlcCnvnl`pknmt)9 Fnlhg Kghnr (Qgrtmnrsehp d`r Fehlc Cnvnl`pknmt)9Ferhstln Mbnk` (Fgknrùm)9 Flghrn _hsnly (Qgrtmnrsehp d`r Fehlc Cnvnl-`pknmt)9 Cgm @fehnmb (Qgrtmnrsehp d`r Fehlc Cnvnl`pknmt)9 CgvhcGrfenr (Gfth`mGhc Hmtnrmgth`mgl)9 Cgvhc L`bgm (Q`lhfy Qr`jnft)9 NcF``pnr (Qgrtmnrsehp d`r Fehlc Cnvnl`pknmt)9 Bnmn Vpnrlhmb (BlòglFgkpghbm d`r Ncufgth`m)9 Egkhcù Oùigry (Gss`fhgth`m d`r ten Cnvnl-`pknmt `d Ncufgth`m hm Gdrhfg)9 Jgmnt Rhlchse (Fnmtrn d`r Orhthse Sngfe-nrs)9 Jngm-Ogpthstn Bgtglh (Gss`fhgth`m d`r ten Cnvnl`pknmt `d Ncufgth`mhm Gdrhfg)9 J`nl Vnnhs` Qhh (Qgrtmnrsehp d`r Fehlc Cnvnl`pknmt)9 J`mgtegmB`ccnm (^.V. Gbnmfy d`r Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt/Kòhln Sgsi Sngk)9

Igkgl Cnsgh (Qgrtmnrsehp d`r Fehlc Cnvnl`pknmt)9 Lnslny Crgin (Qgrt-mnrsehp d`r Fehlc Cnvnl`pknmt)9 Kgrthm Xgog (VNQ/FMLV, _puolhqun cnF`mb`)9 Khfegnl Ongslny (Qgrtmnrsehp d`r Fehlc Cnvnl`pknmt)9 @wnmJ`mns (Qgrtmnrsehp d`r Fehlc Cnvnl`pknmt)9 Qntnr Ogcf`fi-Rgltnrs (^.V.


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Gfim`wlncbknmts | xvhh

Gbnmfy d`r Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt/Kòhln Sgsi Sngk)9 Vnumb E. Lnn

(Vgvn ten Fehlcrnm, mhtnc Vtgtns)9 Sgmhg O`lnr (Gfth`mGhc Hmtnrmgth`mgl)9^wnk Nshnt (Gfth`m Englte Hmf`rp`rgtnc, Mhbnrhg)9 Rnmcy Engrc (^.V.Gbnmfy d`r Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt/Kòhln Sgsi Sngk)9 Rùtnr TgmCnr Veggd (Ncufgth`m Hmtnrmgth`mgl)9 gmc Xv`mmn Qrnkpne-Dnrbus`m(Orhthse Fùmfhl, FÔN).

Ohlgtnrgls gmc Hmtnrb`vnrmknmtgl @rbgmhzgth`ms

F`rmnlhg Ogtfeh (Cnutsfen Bnsnllsfegdt dr Snfemhsfen Zusgkknmgronht)9Cgvhc Flgrin (Cnpgrtknmt d`r Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt)9 BgorhnlKgl`mbg Kùnlnt (NFFGV)9 J. J. I Ogiu (Ncufgth`m _nsngrfe Mntw`ri d`rRnst gmc Fnmtrgl Gdrhfg)9 Eglhkg Onbuk (Cnpgrtknmt d`r Hmtnrmgth`mglCnvnl`pknmt)9 Egznl Ohmns (Cnpgrtknmt d`r Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt)9Kgry Kgi`fiu (Ngst Gdrhfgm F`kkumhty)9 Khz Drgmfhsf` (FgmgchgmHmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt Gbnmfy)9 Kumhrgt @bumlgyh (Cnpgrtknmt d`rHmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt, Mhbnrhg)9 gmc Vuzgmmn Vtukp (Fgmgchgm Hmtnr-

mgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt Gbnmfy).

^M @rbgmhzgth`ms

Giglnsnlgsshn Kniurhg (^MDQG, Nteh`phg)9 Glgssgmn Chg (R`rlc Ogmi)9Gkgyg Bhllnsphn (^MHFND)9 Gky Vtrgtd`rc (R`rlc Ogmi)9 GmcySnko`m (R`rlc Ogmi)9 Gmbnlg Feuiwumynk (^MNVF@, Goujg)9 GmjuVegrkg (R`rlc Ogmi)9 Gmmg Kgrhg E`fikgm (^MHFND)9 Ogfehr Vgrr(^MNVF@-O_NCG)9 Onrt T`ntonrb (R`rlc Ogmi)9 Fgrl Gkpge(^MNVF@, Begmg)9 Fegmbu Kgmmgteì` (^MHFND)9 Ferhsthmn Qgm-fegrc (^MNVF@/HON)9 Flghrn Kulgmbg (HL@)9 Fymtehg Kùnlln Iglgmbg(^MNVF@, Ihmsegsg)9 Fyrhllg Owgihrge (^MHFND, Goujg)9 C`m Oumcy(R`rlc Ogmi)9 C`m Sgyl`r (R`rlc Ogmi, Mhbnrhg)9 C`r`ten Igl`mbgOho`kog (^MNVF@, Ihmsegsg)9 Culfn Glknhcg-O`rbns (^MNVF@)9Czhmbgh Kutukouig (R`rlc Ogmi)9 Nkkgmunl Kglgmbglhlg (R`rlc

Ogmi, Sgmzgmhg)9 Nrhf Gllnkgm` (^MNVF@/HHNQ)9 Nvnlym Vnrhkg (HL@)9Dgekg Mur (R`rlc Ogmi)9 Dgtù Mchgyn (^MNVF@-O_NCG)9 DùssnmùFhssì` (^MNVF@, Xgùmc)9 Bnrglc` Kgrthms (R`rlc Ogmi)9 EuonrtFegrlns (^MNVF@, Goujg)9 Hygo` Dgboulu (^MNVF@, Goujg)9 Jgfqunlhmn


20/132

xvhhh | Gfim`wlncbknmts

Ontùmg (^MNVF@, Xgùmc)9 Jgmn Khllnr (R`rlc Ogmi, Mhbnrhg)9 Justhmn

Vgss (^MNVF@, HGSS Vnfrntgrhgt)9 Ihchst Feglg (HL@, Nteh`phg)9 LnkkgKnrhc (^MCQ)9 Luf _uihmbgkg (^MNVF@-O_NCG)9 Lufy Sngscgln(^MNVF@/HHNQ)9 Kgiehly Bgssgmg (^MNVF@)9 Kgrfnl @ugttgrg (^MHFND)9Kgrhn Xvnttn Vgffgcurg (^MNVF@, Orgzzgvhlln)9 Kgy Chùd (^MNVF@-O_NCG)9 Khfegnl Gznv`r (R`rlc Ogmi)9 M`nrhmn Iglnnog (^MGHCV)9 QgpgOnyn (HL@)9 Qgtrhfhg K`ffhg (^MHFND)9 Qehl`kmn Kgt`mc` (^MNVF@,Ihmsegsg)9 Qhnrrn Bgkonko` (^MNVF@, Ihmsegsg)9 _gsehc Gcnrhm`yn(^MNVF@, Goujg)9 _ute Igbhg (R`rlc Ogmi)9 Vglhkgtg Chgll` (^MNVF@,

Ogkgi`)9 Vgrge Bucygmbg (^MHFND)9 V`mhg Xn` (^MHFND)9 Vtgmlny Qehrh^MHFND)9 Vtnllg Kgmcg (R`rlc Ogmi)9 Vumcgy ^zu (HL@)9 Vusgm @ppnr(R`rlc Ogmi)9 Sgmyg Znor`fi (R`rlc Ogmi, Zgkohg)9 Sgrg @F`mmnll(R`rlc Ogmi)9 Rgfi Ch`p (^MNVF@, Xgùmc)9 Rgdgg Mnbuncn(^MNVF@)9 Xc` Xg` (^MNVF@, Ihmsegsg)9 gmc Xnknsrgfe Gssndg (RDQ,Nteh`phg).

Qgrthfhpgthmb FùmtrhnsGmb`lg, Onmhm, O`tswgmg, Ourihmg Dgs`, Ourumch, Fgknr``m, Fgpn Tnrcn,ten Fnmtrgl Gdrhfgm _npuolhf, Fegc, Ftn cHv`hrn, ten Cnk`frgthf _npuolhf`d F`mb`, Nqugt`rhgl Buhmng, Nrhtrng, Nteh`phg, Bgo`m, Sen Bgkohg, Begmg,Buhmng, Buhmng-Ohssgu, Inmyg, Lhonrhg, Kgcgbgsfgr, Kglgwh, Kglh, Kgurh-tgmhg, K`zgkohqun, Mhbnr, Mhbnrhg, ten _npuolhf `d F`mb`, _wgmcg, V`S`k gmc Qrmfhpn, Vnmnbgl, Vhnrrg Ln`mn, Sgmzgmhg (kghmlgmc gmc Zgmzh-ogr) S`b`, ^bgmcg, gmc Zgkohg.

Qgrthfhpgthmb Cnvnl`pknmt Qgrtmnrs gmc @rbgmhzgth`ms

^mhtnc Mgth`ms

Hmtnrmgth`mgl Lgoùr @rbgmhzgth`m (HL@)9 ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Fehlcrnms Dumc(^MHFND)9 ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Cnvnl`pknmt Qr`brgkkn (^MCQ)9 ^mhtncMgth`ms Ncufgth`mgl, Vfhnmthf gmc Fulturgl @rbgmhzgth`m (^MNVF@)9

^mhtnc Mgth`ms Ncufgth`mgl, Vfhnmthf gmc Fulturgl @rbgmhzgth`m/ Hmtnrmg-th`mgl Ourngu `d Ncufgth`m (^MNVF@/HON)9 ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Ncufgth`mgl,Vfhnmthf gmc Fulturgl @rbgmhzgth`mHmtnrmgth`mgl Hmsthtutn d`r FgpgfhtyOuhlchmb hm Gdrhfg (^MNVF@HHFOG)9 ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Ncufgth`mgl, Vfhnm-thf gmc Fulturgl @rbgmhzgth`m/Hmtnrmgth`mgl Hmsthtutn d`r Ncufgth`mgl


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Gfim`wlncbknmts | xhx

Qlgmmhmb (^MNVF@/HHNQ)9 ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Bhrls Ncufgth`m Hmhthgthvn

(^MBNH)9 ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Khssh`m hm Vhnrrg Ln`mn (^MGKVHL)9 ^mhtncMgth`ms Q`pulgth`m Dumc (^MDQG)9 R`rlc Ogmi9 R`rlc D``c Qr`brgkkn(RDQ)9 R`rlc Englte @rbgmhzgth`m (RE@).

Ohlgtnrgl Qgrtmnrs

Fgmgchgm Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt Gbnmfy (FHCG)9 F``prgth`mDrgmghsn9 Cgmhse Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt Gsshstgmfn (CGMHCG)9Cnutsfen Bnsnllsfegdt dr Snfemhsfen Zusgkknmgronht (BSZ)9 Nur`pngm^mh`m (N^)9 B`vnrmknmts d Onlbhuk, Dhmlgmc, ten _`ygl Mntenrlgmcs, gmcVwncnm9 Hmtnrmgth`mgl @rbgmhzgth`m d`r Khbrgth`m (H@K)9 Hrhse Ghc9 JgpgmHmtnrmgth`mgl F``pnrgth`m Gbnmfy (JHFG)9 M`rwnbhgm Gbnmfy d`r Cnvnl`p-knmt F``pnrgth`m (M@_GC)9 Vwnchse Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt F``p-nrgth`m Gbnmfy (VHCG)9 ^mhtnc Ihmbc`k Cnpgrtknmt d`r Hmtnrmgth`mglCnvnl`pknmt (CDHC)9 mhtnc Vtgtns Gbnmfy d`r Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt(^VGHC).

Hmtnrb`vnrmknmtgl @rbgmhzgth`ms

F`kk`mwnglte Vnfrtgrhgt9 F`kkumgut f`m`khqun nt K`mtghrn cnlGdrhqun Fnmtrgln (FNKGF)9 Ngst Gdrhfgm F`kkumhty (NGF)9 Nf`m`khfF`kkumhty `d Fnmtrgl Gdrhfgm Vtgtns (NFFGV)9 Nf`m`khf F`kkumhty `dRnst Gdrhfgm Vtgtns (NF@RGV)9 f`m`khqun cns tgts cn lGdrhqun Fnmt-rgln (FNNGF).

Fhvhl V`fhnty @rbgmhzgth`ms gmc Hmsthtuth`ms

Gfgcnky d`r Ncufgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt (GNC)9 Gfth`m Englte Hmf`rp`-rgtnc, Mhbnrhg9 Gfth`mGhc Hmtnrmgth`mgl9 Gcchs Gogog Xùte Gss`fhgth`m9Gdrhfg F`msultgmts Hmtnrmgth`mgl (GFH)9 Gbg Iegm Dùmcgth`m9 Gjucg cnCnsnmv`lvhknmt` cn Q`v` pgrg Q`v` (GCQQ-K`zgkohqun)9 Grfnmfhnl F`k-

kumhfgth`m, Vnmnbgl9 Gss`fhgth`m d`r _npr`cufthvn gmc Dgkhly Englte9Gss`fhgth`m d`r ten Cnvnl`pknmt `d Ncufgth`m hm Gdrhfg (GCNG)9 Gss`fhg-th`m `d Gdrhfgm ^mhvnrshthns (GG^)9 Ogmqun Gdrhfghmn cn Cvnl`ppnknmt(OGC)9 Orhthse Fùmfhl9 FG_N9 Fgte`lhf _nlhnd Vnrvhfns (F_V)9 Fgusn Fgm-gcg9 Fnmtrn d`r Orhthse Sngfenrs (FdOS-Ncufgth`m Srust)9 Fegmbgk`t` Lhdn


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xx | Gfim`wlncbknmts

Qrnsnrvgth`m Dumc (FLQD)9 Fenk`mhfs Hmtnrmgth`mgl9 Ferhsthgm Fehlcrnms

Dumc (FFD)9 Flgsshquns Gdrhfghms9 Flhmt`m Dùmcgth`m9 F`kk`mwnglte `dL`vn, Mhbnrhg9 F@MFN_M R`rlcwhcn9 Cnk`frgthf ^mh`m `d Sngfenrs `dVnmnbgl (^CNM)9 Nonmnznr Vfe``l gmc E`kn d`r ten Thsuglly Hkpghrnc9Ncufgth`m Hmtnrmgth`mgl (NH)9 Ncufgth`mgl _nsngrfe Mntw`ri d`r Rnst gmcFnmtrgl Gdrhfg (N_MRGFG)9 Nteh`phgm @rte`c`x Feurfe Cnvnl`pknmt gmcHmtnr-Feurfe Ghc F`kkhssh`m (N@F/CHFGF)9 Nteh`phgm Sngfenrs Gss`fh-gth`m (NSG)9 Dgkhly Englte Hmtnrmgth`mgl (DEH)9 Dgkhly Englte Srust (DES)9Dcrgth`m Mgth`mgln cns Gss`fhgth`ms cn Qgrnmts cNlvns cu Vmbgl

(DNMGQNV)9 D`ruk d`r Gdrhfgm R`knm Ncufgth`mglhsts (DGRN)9 Dùmcg-th`m d`r _nsngrfe `m R`knms Englte, Qr`cufthvhty gmc ten Nmvhr`mknmt(OGD_@R)9 Bgo`m Sngfenr Gss`fhgth`m9 Begmg Mgth`mgl Gss`fhgth`m `dSngfenrs (BMGS)9 Blògl Fgkpghbm d`r Ncufgth`m9 Brùpn pùr lNtucn ntlNmsnhbmnknmt cn lg Q`pulgth`m (BNNQ)/Brùp d`r ten Vtucy gmc Sngfe-hmb `d Q`pulgth`m Hssuns9 Egrfùrt Ncufgth`m9 Englte gmc Cnvnl`pknmtGdrhfg9 Hmsthtut dr Hmtnrmgth`mgln Zusgkknmgronht cns Cnutsfenm T`li-se`fesfeul-Tnrogmcns (HHZ/CTT)/Hmsthtutn d`r Hmtnrmgth`mgl F``pnrgth`m

`d ten Bnrkgm Gcult Ncufgth`m Gss`fhgth`m9 Hmtnrmgth`mgl Dncnrgth`m `d_nc Fr`ss gmc _nc Frnsfnmt V`fhnthns9 Inmyg Mgth`mgl ^mh`m `d Sngfenrs(IM^S)9 Inmyg Snlnvhsh`m Mntw`ri (ISM)9 Kchfhms Vgms Dr`mthrns(KVD)9 Knichk9 Kòhln Sgsi Sngk `m ten Hkpgft `d EHT/GHCV `m Ncufg-th`m (KSS)9 KV K`zgkohqunIhmclhkuig9 Mgth`mgl Gss`fhgth`m d Sngfe-nrs hm Mhbnrhg (MGQSGM)9 Mntw`ri `d Qn`pln Lhvhmb Rhte EHT/GHCV hmMhbnrhg (MNQREGM)9 M`vg Vf`thg-Bgkohgm Gss`fhgth`m (MVBG)9 Qgrtmnr-sehp d`r Fehlc Cnvnl`pknmt (QFC)9 Qgtemcnr Hmtnrmgth`mgl9 Qn`pln Lhvhmbwhte EHT/GHCV (QLEG) Gss`fhgth`m hm Mhbnrhg9 Qlgm9 Qlgmmnc Qgrnmte``cGss`fhgth`m `d Vhnrrg Ln`mn (QQGVL)9 Q`lhfy Qr`jnft9 Q`pulgth`m Fùmfhl9Qr`-lhmi, Begmg9 _GVJ/OD9 _urgl Rgtfe Begmg9 Vgvn ten Fehlcrnm Mhfgrg-bug9 Vgvn ten Fehlcrnm, ^VG9 Vfe``l d`r Qr`brnss9 VF@QN9 Vhnrrg Ln`mnSngfenrs ^mh`m (VLS^)9 V`fhnty d`r R`knm gmc GHCV hm Gdrhfg (VRGG)9Vthdtumb Rhssnmsfegdt umc Q`lhthi (VRQ)9 Vtucnmts Qgrtmnrsehp R`rlcwhcn(VQR)9 Sgmzgmhg Sngfenrs ^mh`m (SS^)9 Srnmcsnttnrs9 ^bgmcg Mntw`ri

`d GHCV Vnrvhfn @rbgmhzgth`ms (^MGV@)9 mhvnrshty d Zgkohg9 Rnst GdrhfgFnmtrn d`r Hmtnrmgth`mgl Qgrgshtn F`mtr`l (RGFHQGF)9 R`rlc Ncufgth`m9R`rlc Thsh`m9 Zgkohg Mgth`mgl ^mh`m `d Sngfenrs (ZM^S)9 ZgmzhogrSngfenrs ^mh`m (ZGS^).


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Gfim`wlncbknmts | xxh

Qrnss gmc Knchg Gbnmfhns

>DK9 Ogmny Knchg9 F`mf`rc Shkns9 F`mmnft Begmg9 Cghly Shkns9 CghlySrust9 Cgwm `d E`pn9 Ngst Gdrhfgm Vtgmcgrc9 Nteh`phgm Qrnss Gbnmfy9 NST9Dnhmstnhm Hmtnrmgth`mgl Fnmtnr (DHF), Sudts ^mhvnrshty9 D`umcgth`m d`r_nsngrfe `m R`knms Englte, Bgkohg9 Bgkohg Mnws gmc _np`rt9 BgkohgSngfenrs ^mh`m (BS^)9 B_SV ST9 Englte gmc Cnvnl`pknmt Gdrhfg(ECG)9 Engltehmd`Nteh`phg9 Hmd`rkgth`m Bgkohg9 Ihss DK _gch`9 KHVGZgkohg9 Mgth`mgl F`kpnmchuk Kgbgzhmn9 Mnw Mhbnrhgm Mnwspgpnrs9Mnw Thsh`m9 Qgm-Gdrhfgm Mnws Gbnmfy (QGMG)9 Qnnp Mnwspgpnr9 Qumfe9_gch` Cnk`frgt9 _gch` Nteh`phg9 _gch` DGMG9 _gch` W-DK9 _gch`^MGKVHL9 Viyy _gch`9 Vtgmcgrc Shkns9 Snlnvhsh`m tg Sghdg (STS)9 SenCghly @osnrvnr9 Sen Nteh`phgm Ncufgth`mgl Knchg Gbnmfy9 Sen Enrglc9Sen Q`hmt Mnwspgpnr9 Sen Q`st9 Tgmbugrc9 Xgtsgmh _gch`9 X`ute Knchg9Zgkohg Cghly Kghl9 Zgkohg Hmd`rkgth`m Vnrvhfn (ZHV)9 Zgkohg MnwsGbnmfy (ZGMG).


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Goornvhgth`ms gmc Gfr`myks

GG^ Gss`fhgth`m `d Gdrhfgm ^mhvnrshthnsGFH Gdrhfg F`msultgmts Hmtnrmgth`mglGCO Gdrhfgm Cnvnl`pknmt OgmiGCNG Gss`fhgth`m d`r ten Cnvnl`pknmt d Ncufgth`m hm GdrhfgGCQQ Gjucg cn Cnsnmv`lvhknmt` cn Q`v` pgrg Q`v`

GEH Gfth`m Englte Hmf`rp`rgtncGHCV gfquhrnc hkkumn cnfhnmfy symcr`knG_S gmthrntr`vhrgl tenrgpyFG_ Fnmtrgl Gdrhfgm _npuolhfFO@ F`kkumhty-Ogsnc @rbgmhzgth`mFFD Ferhsthgm Fehlcrnms DumcFNKGF F`kkumgut f`m`khqun nt K`mtghrn lGdrhqun FnmtrglnFdOS Fnmtrn d`r Orhthse Sngfenrs

FHCG Fgmgchgm Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt GbnmfyF_V Fgte`lhf _nlhnd VnrvhfnsCDHC ^mhtnc Ihmbc`k Cnpgrtknmt d`r Hmtnrmgth`mgl

Cnvnl`pknmtC_F Cnk`frgthf _npuolhf d F`mb`CVV Chrnft Vupp`rt t` Vfe``lsNGF Ngst Gdrhfgm F`kkumhtyNFFGV Nf`m`khf F`kkumhty d Fnmtrgl Gdrhfgm Vtgtns

NF@RGV Nf`m`khf F`kkumhty `d Rnst Gdrhfgm VtgtnsNCF Ncufgth`m Cnvnl`pknmt FnmtnrNC^FGHCV Sen Bl`ogl Hmhthgthvn m Ncufgth`m gmc EHT/GHCV

xxhhh


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xxhv| Goornvhgth`ms gmc Gfr`myks

NDG Ncufgth`m d`r Gll

NH Ncufgth`m Hmtnrmgth`mglNKHV Ncufgth`m Kgmgbnknmt Hmd`rkgth`m VystnkN_MRGFG Ncufgth`mgl _nsngrfe Mntw`ri d`r Rnst gmc Fnmtrgl GdrhfgN^ Nur`pngm mh`mDGRN D`ruk d`r Gdrhfgm R`knm Ncufgth`mglhstsDO@ dghte-ogsnc `rbgmhzgth`mDNMGQNV Dcrgth`m Mgth`mgln cns Gss`fhgth`ms cn Qgrnmts cNlvns

cu Vmbgl

DEH Dgkhly Englte Hmtnrmgth`mglDLN Dgkhly Lhdn Ncufgth`mDLEN Dgkhly Lhdn gmc EHT/GHCV Ncufgth`mD_NVE D`fushmb _nsùrfns `m Nfinfthvn Vfe``l EnglteDSH Dgst Srgfi HmhthgthvnBNNQ Brùp d`r ten Vtucy gmc Sngfehmb `d Q`pulgth`m HssunsBHQG Brngtnr Hmv`lvnknmt `d Qn`pln Lhvhmb whte EHT/GHCVBSZ Cnutsfen Bnsnllsfegdt dr Snfemhsfen Zusgkknmgronht

ECG Englte gmc Cnvnl`pknmt GdrhfgEHT eukgm hkkum`cnfhnmfy vhrusHGSS hmtnr-gbnmfy tgsi tngkHON Hmtnrmgth`mgl Ourngu d Ncufgth`mHFGVG Hmtnrmgth`mgl F`mdnrnmfn `m GHCV gmc Vnxuglly Srgmskht-

tnc Hmdnfth`ms hm GdrhfgHCG Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt Gss`fhgth`mHNF Hmd`rkgth`m, Ncufgth`m, gmc F`kkumhfgth`mHHFOG Hmtnrmgth`mgl Hmsthtutn d`r Fgpgfhty Ouhlchmb hm GdrhfgHHNQ Hmtnrmgth`mgl Hmsthtutn d`r Ncufgth`mgl QlgmmhmbHL@ Hmtnrmgth`mgl Lgoùr @rbgmhzgth`mJHFG Jgpgm Hmtnrmgth`mgl F``pnrgth`m GbnmfyISM Inmyg Snlnvhsh`m Mntw`riK&N k`mht`rhmb gmc nvglugth`mKGQ Kulth-Fùmtry EHT/GHCV Qr`brgk

KCBs Khllnmmhuk Cnvnl`pknmt B`glsK`N Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`mK`NVS Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m Vfhnmfn gmc Snfem`l`byKÈ Khmhstry `d Englte


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Goornvhgth`ms gmc Gfr myks | xxv

KSND Knchuk-Snrk Nxpnmchturn Drgknw`ri

KSS Kòhln Sgsi Sngk `m ten Hkpgft `d EHT/GHCV `mNcufgth`mMGF Mgth`mgl GHCV FùmfhlMGFG Mgth`mgl Gbnmfy d`r ten F`mtr`l `d GHCVMB@ m`mb`vnrmknmtgl rbgmhzgth`mMHNQG Mgth`mgl Hmsthtutn d Ncufgth`mgl Qlgmmhmb gmc

Gckhmhstrgth`mM@_GC M`rwnbhgm Gbnmfy d`r Cnvnl`pknmt F``pnrgth`m

@TF `rpegms gmc vulmnrgoln fehlcrnmQGL@QV Qgsns Gdrhfgm`s cn Lmbug @fhgl Q`rtubunsgQFC Qgrtmnrsehp d`r Fehlc Cnvnl`pknmtQNQDG_ Sen ^mhtnc Vtgtns Qrnshcnmts Nknrbnmfy Qlgm d`r GHCV

_nlhndQLEG Qn`pln Lhvhmb whte EHT/GHCVQQGVL Qlgmmnc Qgrnmte``c Gss`fhgth`m `d Vhnrrg Ln`mnQ_VQs Q`vnrty _ncufth`m Vtrgtnby Qr`brgks

QSG Qgrnmt Sngfenr Gss`fhgth`mVGCF Vùtenrm Gdrhfgm Cnvnl`pknmt F`kkumhtyVFD Vgvn ten Fehlcrnm DumcVHCG Vwnchse Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt F``pnrgth`m GbnmfyVEM Vfe``l Englte gmc Mutrhth`mVQR Vtucnmts Qgrtmnrsehp R`rlcwhcnVSCs snxuglly trgmskhttnc chsngsnsVSHs snxuglly trgmskhttnc hmdnfth`msVRQ Vthdtumb Rhssnmsfegdt umc Q`lhthiSGF Snfemhfgl GHCV F`kkhttnn

.I. ^mhtnc Ihmbc`k^M ^mhtnc Mgth`ms^MGHCV J`hmt ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Qr`brgkkn `m EHT/GHCV^MGV@ ^bgmcg Mntw`ri `d GHCV Vnrvhfn @rbgmhzgth`ms^MCQ ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Cnvnl`pknmt Qr`brgkkn

^MNVF@ ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Ncufgth`mgl, Vfhnmthf gmc Fulturgl@rbgmhzgth`m^MDQG ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Q`pulgth`m Dumc^MBNH ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Bhrls Ncufgth`m Hmhthgthvn


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xxvh| Goornvhgth`ms gmc Gfr`myks

^MHFND ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Fehlcrnms Dumc

^VG ^mhtnc Vtgtns d Gknrhfg^VGHC ^mhtnc Vtgtns Gbnmfy d`r Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmtTFS v`lumtgry f`umsnlhmb gmc tnsthmbRO R`rlc OgmiRDQ R`rlc D``c Qr`brgkknRE@ R`rlc Englte @rbgmhzgth`m


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@vnrvhnw

Sehs rnvhnw wgs umcnrtginm oy ten Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m D`fgl Q`hmts d`rsfe``l englte gmc EHT/GHCV dr`k fùmtrhns hm Vuo-Vgegrgm Gdrhfg pgr-thfhpgthmb hm ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn, t`bntenr whte rnprnsnmtgthvns `dstgine`lcnrs gmc pgrtmnrs, ushmb cgtg f`llgtnc curhmb ten ?112 sfe``lenglte gmc EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmt Vurvny (snn www.sfe``lsgmcenglte.`rb

d`r k`rn cntghls).Hm rnfnmt yngrs, ten ncufgth`m snft`r egs f`kn t` plgy gm hmfrngshmblyhkp`rtgmt r`ln hm prnvnmthmb EHT. Fehlcrnm `d sfe``l gbn egvn ten l`wnstEHT hmdnfth`m rgtns `d gmy p`pulgth`m snft`r. Nvnm hm ten w`rst gfinftncfùmtrhns, k`st sfe``lfehlcrnm grn m`t hmdnftnc. D`r tensn fehlcrnm, tenrnhs g whmc`w `d e`pn, g fegmfn t` lhvn g lhdn drnn dr`k GHCV, hd teny fgmgfquhrn im`wlncbn, sihlls, gmc vgluns tegt whll enlp pr`tnft tenk gs tenybr`w up. Qr`vhchmb yùmb pn`pln, nspnfhglly bhrls, whte ten s`fhgl

vgffhmn `d ncufgth`m `finrs tenk g rngl fegmfn d`r g pr`cufthvn lhdn(R`rlc Ogmi ?11?).

M`t `mly hs ncufgth`m hkp`rtgmt d`r prnvnmthmb EHT, out prnvnmthmb EHThs gls` nssnmthgl d`r ncufgth`m. Sen hkpgft `d ten nphcnkhf kngms s`knfùmtrhns grn onbhmmhmb t` nxpnrhnmfn g rnvnrsgl `d egrc-w`m ncufgth`mglbghms, wehfe gfinfts supply, cnkgmc, gmc quglhty `d ncufgth`m. EHT/GHCVlhkhts ten fgpgfhty `d ncufgth`m snft`rs t` gfehnvn Ncufgth`m d`r Gll (NDG),gmc `d fùmtrhns t` gfehnvn tenhr tgrbnts t`wgrc ten Khllnmmhuk Cnvnl`p-

knmt B`gls (KCBs).

xxvhh


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xxvhhh | @vnrvhnw

Gffnlnrgthmb ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r _nsp`msn

Sen r`ln d ten ncufgth`m snft`r hm ten kulthsnft`rgl rnsp`msn t` EHT/GHCVwgs bhvnm mnw hkpntus oy s`kn iny nvnmts hm Gdrhfg grùmc ten khllnm-mhuk, hm pgrthfulgr ten 7888 Lusgig Hmtnrmgth`mgl F`mbrnss `m EHT/GHCVgmc VSCs hm Gdrhfg, ten NDG rnbh`mgl knnthmb hm Jègmmnsourb, gmc tenCgigr R`rlc Ncufgth`m D`ruk. Sen snft`r onfgkn hmfrngshmbly rnf`bmhzncgs plgyhmb g iny nxtnrmgl r`ln hm prnvnmth`m gmc hm rncufhmb sthbkg, gmc gsgm hkp`rtgmt hmtnrmgl r`ln hm pr`vhchmb gffnss t` fgrn, trngtknmt, gmc sup-p`rt d`r tngfenrs gmc stgfig brùp tegt hm kgmy fùmtrhns rnprnsnmts k`rntegm 41 pnrfnmt d ten puolhf snft`r w`rid`rfn.

Hm ?11?, ten J`hmt ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Qr`brgkkn `m EHT/GHCV (^MGHCV)Hmtnr-Gbnmfy Sgsi Sngk (HGSS) `m Ncufgth`m nstgolhsenc g w`rihmbbrùpim`wm gs ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn R`rihmb Brùpt` gccrnsstensn fegllnmbns gmc supp`rt fùmtrhns hm Vuo-Vgegrgm Gdrhfg gs teny gffnl-nrgtn ten ncufgth`m snft`r rnsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV. Sen pehl`s`pey `d tenGffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn egs glwgys onnm t` pr`k`tn o`tt`k-up plgmmhmb gmc

gfthvhsk, hmd`rknc oy rnbh`mgl gmc mgth`mgl pr`vnm nxgkplns d b``c prgf-thfn. Sehs hs hmtnmcnc t` lngc t` ten nstgolhseknmt `d pr`brgks whte str`mbl`fgl wmnrsehp, fgpgoln d gffnsshmb suhtgoln dumchmb gmc hkplnknmtgth`mgt gll lnvnls d ten ncufgth`m snft`r.

Vhmfn ?11?, ten mntw`ris `d Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m EHT/GHCV D`fglQ`hmts egvn rgphcly tginm `wmnrsehp `d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn, s` tegtten tnrk Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn hs m`w tginm t` rndnr t` ten gfthvhthns gtrnbh`mgl, suornbh`mgl, gmc mgth`mgl lnvnls. Sensn grn hmhthgtnc oy D`fgl

Q`hmts whtehm tenhr mntw`ris umcnr ten gusphfns `d ten Gdrhfg ^mh`m_nbh`mgl Nf`m`khf F`kkumhthns.

Sgihmb Gfth`m

Iny pgrtmnrs `d ten Hmhthgthvn hmflucn b`vnrmknmts, ^mhtnc Mgth`ms (^M)gbnmfhns, ohlgtnrgl pgrtmnrs, gmc fhvhl s`fhnty, gs wnll gs iny stgine`lcnrs,

hmfluchmb pn`pln lhvhmb whte EHT/GHCV, tngfenrs umh`ms, gmc ten knchg. Hmten > yngrs d`ll`whmb ?11?, ncufgth`m snft`rs `d 62 fùmtrhns rnsp`msholnd`r k`rn tegm ?11 khllh`m, `r 5>.> pnrfnmt `d sfe``l-gbn fehlcrnm, gmc?.4 khllh`m, `r 23.6 pnrfnmt `d prhkgry gmc snf`mcgry sfe``ltngfenrs,


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@vnrvhnw | xxhx

pgrthfhpgtnc hm tehs cnkgmc-lnc hmhthgthvn `d suornbh`mgl gmc mgth`mgl

pr`fnssns, rnsulthmb hm nxtnmshvn hmd`rkgth`m segrhmb gmc shbmhfgmtgfehnvnknmts.

Vhmfn ?11?

Mukonr `d Gdrhfgm fùmtrhns hm ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn mntw`ris 62

Gvnrgbn mukonr `d cgys ontwnnm trghmhmb nvnmts 41

S tgl mukonr `d trghmhmb cgys t` cgtn 7?1

Mukonr `d ncufgth`m snft`r stgdd knkonrs we` egvn pgrthfhpgtnc

hm trghmhmb nvnmts 7,6>1Mukonr `d pnrs`m/trghmhmb cgys f`mcuftnc 74?,111

Mukonr `d gbnmfhns, MB@s, gmc cnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs tegt egvn

pgrthfhpgtnc hm ten Gffnlnrgtn pr`fnss 24

Qnrfnmtgbn `d pgrthfhpgthmb Gdrhfgm b`vnrmknmts tegt grn ushmb

o`te ncufgth`m gmc GHCV-spnfhf dumcs t` supp`rt tenhr sfe``l

englte pr`brgks 2>

Mukonr `d c`fuknmt thtlns tegt egvn onnm chstrhoutnc 8>

Mukonr `d c`fuknmt f`phns chstrhoutnc t` ncufgth`m prgfthth`mnrs ?>1,111Mukonr `d k`mtely ehts `m ten Rno shtn www.sfe``lsgmcenglte.`rb 5>,111

Sen purp`sn `d tehs rnvhnw hs t` gssnss ten nxtnmt t` wehfe ten Gffnlnr-gtn Hmhthgthvns plgmmnc gfth`ms gfehnvnc ten vn ojnfthvns hcnmthnc oy tenw`rihmb brùp hm ?11?. Sen rnvhnw nxpl`rns ten gfehnvnknmts gmc pr`brnsskgcn oy chfinrnmt fùmtrhns, gmc nxgkhmns ten nxtnmt t` wehfe teny khbeton gss`fhgtnc whte fùmtrhns pgrthfhpgth`m hm ten Hmhthgthvn.

Sen Iny @ojnfthvns gmc @utf`kns

Sen vn òjnfthvns hcnmthnc oy ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn, gl`mb whte inyùtf`kns shmfn ?11?, grn gs d`ll`ws:

@ojnfthvn 7: S` pr`k`tn lngcnrsehp oy ten ncufgth`m snft`r gmc frngtnsnft`rgl cnkgmc d`r g rnsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV.

@utf`kn: Khmhstrhns `d Ncufgth`m `d 62 b`vnrmknmts fe`sn t` pgrthfh-pgtn hm suornbh`mgl w`rise`ps t` onttnr umcnrstgmc ten r`ln d ncufgth`m hmtenhr mgth`mgl rnsp`msns t` EHT/GHCV. @d tensn, ?4 Khmhstrhns `d Ncufgth`mtenm wnmt `m t` cnvnl`p gmc hkplnknmt gfth`ms gt ten mgth`mgl lnvnl.


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xxx | @vnrvhnw

@ojnfthvn ?:S` egrk`mhzn supp`rt gk`mb cnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs, s` gs

t` onttnr gsshst fùmtrhns gmc rncufn trgmsgfth`m f`sts.@utf`kn:G t`tgl `d 24 `rbgmhzgth`ms egvn w`rinc t`bntenr hm ten Gffnl-nrgtn Hmhthgthvn `vnr ten pgst vn yngrs. Swnmty-dùr suornbh`mgl gmcmgth`mgl w`rise`ps (`mn nvnry tw` k`mtes) wnrn supp`rtnc oy g f`ms`r-thuk d rnprnsnmtgthvns dr`k 8 MGHCV f`sp`ms`rhmb gbnmfhns, 7> ohlgtnrglc`m`rs, gmc >? fhvhl s`fhnty `rbgmhzgth`ms. Gll tensn f`msthtunmfhns wnrnrnprnsnmtnc gt ngfe nvnmt, gmc ontwnnm > gmc ?7 rbgmhzgth`ms pgrthfhpgtnchm ngfe w`rise`p.

@ojnfthvn 6:S` pr`k`tn f``rchmgth`m whte ten mgth`mgl GHCV gute`rh-thns, gmc nmegmfn gffnss t` EHT/GHCV dumcs.

@utf`kn:Gll 62 pgrthfhpgthmb Khmhstrhns `d Ncufgth`m onbgm f`kkumh-fgthmb whte tenhr mgth`mgl GHCV gute`rhthns, gmc ?4 suosnqunmtly rnfnhvncdumcs dr`k tenhr Mgth`mgl GHCV Fùmfhls (MGFs).

@ojnfthvn 3:S` segrn hmd`rkgth`m `m EHT/GHCV tegt egs spnfhf rnln-vgmfn t` ten ncufgth`m snft`r.

@utf`kn: G snt d iny c`fuknmts m EHT/GHCV gmc ncufgth`m egs onnm

kgcn gvghlgoln t` ncufgt`rs hm Nmblhse, Drnmfe, gmc Q`rtubunsn. G t`tgl `d?>1,111 prhmtnc f`phns egs onnm chstrhoutnc gt ncufgt`r trghmhmb snssh`ms,gmc 6??,111 ln f`phns egvn onnm c`wml`gcnc dr`k g cnchfgtnc Rno shtn.Vuornbh`mgl mntw`ris d EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmts whtehm Khmhstrhns d Ncu-fgth`m egvn onnm frngtnc whtehm tensn nstgolhsenc rnbh`mgl nmththns: RnstGdrhfg (NF@RGV), Fnmtrgl Gdrhfg (NFFGV), Ngst Gdrhfg (NGF), gmc Lus`-pe`mn Gdrhfg (QGL@QV).

@ojnfthvn >: S` strnmbtenm ten tnfemhfgl f`mtnmt gmc hkplnknmtgth`m dten ncufgth`m snft`r rnsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV.

@utf`kn:G rnfnmt survny (M`vnkonr ?112) `d ten Khmhstry `d Ncufg-th`m EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmts hm 63 fùmtrhns se`wnc tegt gll fùmtrhns egvng Mgth`mgl EHT/GHCV Q`lhfy gmc 24 pnrfnmt egvn gm ncufgth`m snft`r-spn-fhf EHT/GHCV strgtnby gmc plgm. Sehrty-tw` fùmtrhns m`w egvn g Khmhs-try `d Ncufgth`m EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmt gt ten mgth`mgl lnvnl, gmc ?6 glsègvn D`fgl Q`hmts gt suomgth`mgl lnvnls. Sehrty fùmtrhns grn trghmhmb tngfe-

nrs t` pr`tnft tenksnlvns. Gll fùmtrhns grn pr`vhchmb s`kn EHT prnvnmth`mncufgth`m gt prhkgry r snf`mcgry lnvnls, r o`te. Sehrty-`mn fùmtrhns grnpr`vhchmb tehs ncufgth`m ond`rn ten hmhthgth`m d puonrty.


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@vnrvhnw | xxxh

@vnrgll, tehs rnvhnw se`ws tegt ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn orùbet fegmbns

hm ten snft`rgl rnsp`msns `d ten pgrthfhpgthmb fùmtrhns. @d ten 62 fùmtrhnshm ten pr`brgk, ?4 knt ten b`gl `d gfehnvhmb gffnlnrgth`m, gmc snvnrgl plgmt` d`ll`w suht. M`t gll rnsp`msns hkpr`vnc, out d`r k`st fùmtrhns ten vnòjnfthvns `d ten pr`brgk wnrn knt. Hm te`sn ?4 fùmtrhns, ten ncufgth`msnft`r rnsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV m`w onmnts dr`k (7) str`mbnr snft`rgl lngc-nrsehp9 (?) egrk`mhznc supp`rt dr`k cnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs9 (6) k`rn nfinf-thvn f``rchmgth`m whte MGFs9 (3) nmegmfnc gffnss t` hmd`rkgth`m `m EHT/GHCV9 gmc (>) strnmbtenmnc tnfemhfgl f`mtnmt d ten snft`rgl rnsp`msn.

Iny Dhmchmbs `d ten ?112 D`fgl Q`hmt Vurvny

Hm ?112, g survny wgs fgrrhnc ut oy D`fgl Q`hmts whtehm ten Rnstnrm, Ngstnrm, gmc

Fnmtrgl Gdrhfg mntw`ris t` hmd`rk ten furrnmt shtugth`m whtehm ngfe rnbh`m. Sen

rnsults `d tehs survny pr`vhcn gm `pp`rtumhty t` f`kpgrn e`w ten shtugth`m egs

fegmbnc gt ten rnbh`mgl lnvnls, gs wnll gs spnfhf nxgkplns d e`w fùmtrhns egvn

tginm tenhr plgms d`rwgrc shmfn tenhr pgrthfhpgth`m hm Gffnlnrgtn gfthvhthns. Sen iny

mchmbs `d ten survny grn gs d`ll`ws:

Qnrfnmtgbn d f umtrhns whte gm Ncufgth`m Vnft`r EHT/GHCV Vtrgtnbygmc gm EHT/GHCV Qlgm 24

Qnrfnmtgbn d fùmtrhns `ddnrhmb EHT/GHCV fùmsnlhmb t` tngfenrs 4?

Qnrfnmtgbn d fùmtrhns trghmhmb tngfenrs t` pr`tnft tenksnlvns 87

Qnrfnmtgbn d f umtrhns egvhmb gm EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q hmt whtehm ten

Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m 83

Qnrfnmtgbn d fùmtrhns pr`vhchmb EHT/GHCV prnvnmth`m ncufgth`m

hm s`kn d`rk 711

Qnrfnmtgbn d fùmtrhns trghmhmb tngfenrs hm g lhdn sihlls gppr`gfe 23

Qnrfnmtgbn d f umtrhns wenrn rpegms gmc vulmnrgoln fehlcrnm c`

m`t egvn t` pgy sfe``l dnns 27

Vnn www.sfe``lsgmcenglte.`rb d`r durtenr cntghls.

Sen fùmtrhns hmflucnc hm ten survny grn Onmhm, O`tswgmg, Ourihmg Dgs`,

Ourumch, Fgknr``m, Fnmtrgl Gdrhfgm _npuolhf (FG_), Fegc, Ftn cHv`hrn, Cnk-

`frgthf _npuolhf `d F`mb` (C_F), Nrhtrng, Nteh`phg, Bgo`m, Begmg, Buhmng-

Ohssgu, Inmyg, Lhonrhg, Kgcgbgsfgr, Kglgwh, Kglh, Kgurhtgmhg, K`zgkohqun,

Mhbnr, Mhbnrhg, ten _npuolhf `d F`mb`, _npuolhf `d Buhmng, _wgmcg, V` S k

& Qrmfhpn, Vnmnbgl, Vhnrrg Ln`mn, Sen Bgkohg, S b`, ^bgmcg, Sgmzgmhg (kghm-lgmc gmc Zgmzhogr), gmc Zgkohg.


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xxxhh | @vnrvhnw

R`rihmb hm g Or`gcnr F`mtnxt

Hm hmtnrprnthmb tensn f`rrnlgth`ms ht seùlc `d fùrsn on rnf`bmhznc tegtten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn wgs `mn `d snvnrgl p`tnmthgl hmunmfns. @mly pgrt`d ten w`ri hm tehs grng oy ten k`st hmunmthgl pgrtmnrshmfluchmb^MGHCV, ten ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Ncufgth`mgl, Vfhnmthf gmc Fulturgl @rbgmh-zgth`m (^MNVF@), ten ^mhtnc Mgth`ms Fehlcrnms Dumc (^MHFND), ten^mhtnc Vtgtns Gbnmfy d`r Hmtnrmgth`mgl Cnvnl`pknmt (^VGHC)/KòhlnSgsi Sngk, gmc ten R`rlc Ogmi Kulth-Fùmtry EHT/GHCV Qr`brgk (KGQ)GHCV Fgkpghbm d`r Gdrhfgwgs d`fusnc whtehm ten Hmhthgthvn, gmc ten s`v-nrnhbm b`vnrmknmts kgcn tenhr `wm hmcnpnmcnmt cnfhsh`ms, `m tenhr `wmthkntgoln, gs t` wentenr t` cnvnl`p gm ncufgth`m rnsp`msn. Segt sghc, tenrnhs g pnrsugshvn fgsn tegt ten Hmhthgthvn spurrnc mgth`mgl nfi`rts, fgtglyzncs`kn nlnknmts `d ten rnsp`msn, gmc f`mtrhoutnc t` gffnlnrgthmb ten pr`f-nssns `d fegmbn.

Nxpnrhnmfn dr`k ten pgst vn yngrs se`ws pr`brnss t`wgrc ten b`gl `dgffnlnrgth`m, gmc t`wgrc ten kghm pr`fnss òjnfthvns. @mn grng hm wehfe

pr`brnss egs onnm sl`w hs ten nstgolhseknmt `d nfinfthvn k`mht`rhmb gmcnvglugth`m (K&N) pr`fncurns gmc ten hmf`rp`rgth`m d gppr`prhgtn hmchfg-t`rs hm ten Ncufgth`m Kgmgbnknmt Hmd`rkgth`m Vystnk (NKHV). Sehs hmturm kgins ht chst fult t` nvglugtn ten pr`brgks hm tnrks `d sfe``l-ogsnc,fehlc-d`fusnc rnsults. Hm k`vhmb d`rwgrc, ten cnvnl`pknmt `d nfinfthvnK&N systnks hs gm hkp`rtgmt prh`rhty, shmfn hm tenhr gosnmfn hmvnstknmtsgrn lhinly t` on kgcn hm wegt hs teùbet t` on nfinfthvn rgtenr tegm wegt egsonnm se`wm t` on nfinfthvn. Hm g rnfnmt k`vn, supp`rtnc oy tnfemhfgl hmputs

dr`k ten Gffnlnrgtn R`rihmb Brùp, vn fùmtrhns hm ten Ngstnrm GdrhfgMntw`ri `d Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmts egvn onbum t`cnvnl`p g f`kk`m ncufgth`m snft`r K&N drgknw`ri umcnr ten gusphfns dten Ngst Gdrhfgm F`kkumhty (NGF). Sen rnbh`mgl vglun `d tehs gppr`gfewhll on nxpl`rnc oy ten mntw`ris hm cnvnl`phmb ten wgy d`rwgrc d`r tenGffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn.

Nv`luth`m gmc Sen Rgy D`rwgrc

Sen lgmcsfgpn egs gls` fegmbnc `vnr ten lgst vn yngrs. K`st fùmtrhnsegvn cnvnl`pnc `r egvn onbum t` cnvnl`p ncufgth`m snft`r rnsp`msns. Senhssun egs sehdtnc dr`k d`fus `m gcv`fgfy gt ten rnbh`mgl gmc suornbh`mgl


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@vnrvhnw | xxxhhh

lnvnls t` nkpegshs m nfinfthvn hkplnknmtgth`m gt ten fùmtry lnvnl, wenrn

Khmhstrhns `d Ncufgth`m gfr`ss Gdrhfg grn m`w plgyhmb gm hmfrngshmblygfthvn r`ln hm ten mgth`mgl kulthsnft`rgl rnsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV. Sen fegl-lnmbn hm k`vhmb d`rwgrc hs t` kngsurn ten nxtnmt t` wehfe tensn gfth`msorhmb goùt onmnfhgl rnsults d`r tngfenrs, lngrmnrs, gmc ten or`gcnr ncu-fgth`m snft`r.

Gt lngst gs hkp`rtgmt, cnfhsh`ms gmc gfth`ms oy ten pgrthfhpgthmb fùm-trhns egvn f`kplntnly fegmbnc ten p`lhthfgl nf`m`ky d ten snft`rgl rnsp`msnt` EHT/GHCV hm Vuo-Vgegrgm Gdrhfg. Sen mntw`ris nstgolhsenc whtehm ten

suornbh`mgl f`kkumhthns `d ten Gdrhfgm ^mh`m egvn onf`kn m`t `mly f`m-cuhts d`r segrhmb hmd`rkgth`m, out gls` p`lhthfgl strufturns tegt m`w cntnr-khmn ten suornbh`mgl snft`rgl gbnmcg. @vnr ten pgst vn yngrs tensn l`fglly`wmnc mntw`ris egvn tginm dull wmnrsehp d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn gmcegvn nknrbnc gs ten crhvnrs d rnbh`mgl lnvnl gmc mgth`mgl lnvnl fegmbn. Chg-l`bun ontwnnm ten mntw`ris gmc ten cnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs hs nknrbhmb gsgm hkp`rtgmt cntnrkhmgmt d ten wgy d`rwgrc.

Hm fgrryhmb ùt tehs rnvhnw, EHT/GHCV tnfemhfgl nxpnrts, rnprnsnmthmb

k`rn tegm 61 fùmtrhns, bgtenrnc curhmb ten mntw`ri knnthmb hm Mghròh hm?112, gmc cnvnl`pnc g mukonr d p`shthvn f`mflush`ms:

Ncufgth`m snft`rs egvn gffnlnrgtnc tenhr rnsp`msns t` EHT/GHCV.

Ncufgth`m snft r rnsp`msns t` EHT grn m`w onhmb hkplnknmtnc oy k`stfùmtrhns.

K`rn nfinfthvn lhmis whte cnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs egvn nknrbnc.

K`rn gmc onttnr-quglhty hmd`rkgth`m hs gvghlgoln t` ncufgth`m snft rs `mEHT/GHCV.

Hm gcchth`m, ten fùmtrhns pgrthfhpgthmb hm ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn gls`hcnmthnc ten d`ll`whmb fegllnmbns hm k`vhmb d`rwgrc hmt` ten mnxt pegsn`d ten Hmhthgthvn:

M`t gll snft`rs grn hkplnknmthmb ten ihmcs `d EHT/GHCV rnsp`msns tegtgrn kghmstrngk gfthvhthns.

Nfinfthvn K&N rnkghm g kgj`r fegllnmbn.

Hmvnstknmt hm rnbh`mgl f``rchmgth`m gmc im`wlncbn segrhmb se`w onm-nts gt ten fùmtry lnvnl, out grn chst fult t` sustghm whteùt nxtnrmglhmputs.


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xxxhv | @vnrvhnw

Ncufgth`m d`r Gll-Dgst Srgfi Hmhthgthvn (NDG-DSH) pr`fnssns grn strnmbte-

nmhmb EHT/GHCV rnsp`msns whtehm ncufgth`m snft`rs, out cnvnl`pknmt`d ten tnfemhfgl fgpgfhty t` nmgoln nfinfthvn cnvnl`pknmt `d plgms hsmnfnssgry.

Sen eypnrnmcnkhf f`umtrhns d ten V`utenrm F`mn d Gdrhfg egvn ynt t`nmbgbn hm ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn.


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7

Hm rnfnmt yngrs, ten ncufgth`m snft`r egs f`kn t` plgy gm hmfrngshmbly

hkp`rtgmt r`ln hm prnvnmthmb EHT. Fehlcrnm `d sfe``l gbn egvn ten l`wnst

EHT hmdnfth`m rgtns `d gmy p`pulgth`m snft`r. Nvnm hm ten w`rst gfinftnc

fùmtrhns, k`st sfe``lfehlcrnm grn m`t hmdnftnc. D`r tensn fehlcrnm, tenrn hs

g whmc`w d e`pn, g fegmfn t` lhvn g lhdn drnn dr`k GHCV, hd teny fgm gfquhrn

im`wlncbn, sihlls, gmc vgluns tegt whll enlp t` pr`tnft tenk gs teny br`w up.

Qr`vhchmb yùmb pn`pln, nspnfhglly bhrls, whte ten s`fhgl vgffhmn d ncufg-

th`m finrs tenk g rngl fegmfn d g pr`cufthvn lhdn (R`rlc Ogmi ?11?).

X umb pn`pln, pgrthfulgrly bhrls, we` dghl t` f`kplntn g ogshf ncufgth`m

grn k`rn tegm twhfn gs lhinly t` onf`kn hmdnftnc whte EHT, gmc ten Blògl

Fgkpghbm d`r Ncufgth`m egs nsthkgtnc tegt s`kn 2 khllh`m fgsns `d EHT

fùlc on gv`hcnc oy ten gfehnvnknmt `d Ncufgth`m d`r Gll (NDG) (BFN

?113). Vtuchns hm Vùte Gdrhfg (Egrbrngvns nt gl. ?1129 Ormhbegusnm nt gl.

?112) gmc ^bgmcg (cn Rglqun ?11?9 cn Rglqun nt gl. ?11>) egvn se`wm

tegt mn gcchth`mgl yngr d sfe``lhmb fgm lngc t` g 2 pnrfnmt gmc 4.2 pnrfnmt

rncufth`m hm ten rhsi `d hmdnfth`m rnspnfthvnly. Hm ^bgmcg tehs rncufth`m hm

rhsi wgs pgrthfulgrly nvhcnmt gk`mb yùmb w`knm. Nvhcnmfn `d systnkgthfrnvhnws egs se`wm tegt tehs hs gm nv`luth`mgry pr`fnss, gmc tegt ncufgth`m

m`w pr`vhcns onttnr pr`tnfth`m gbghmst hmdnfth`m tegm ht chc hm ten ngrlhnr

Hmtr`cufth`m


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? | Gffnlnrgthmb ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r _nsp`msn t` EHT

stgbns `d ten nphcnkhf. Nmgolhmb gll fehlcrnm t` f`kplntn g dull fyfln `d

prhkgry ncufgth`m gmc nmsurhmb tegt EHT prnvnmth`m pr`brgks grn ehbely

tgrbntnc gmc nvhcnmfn ogsnc egvn onnm se`wm t` rncufn tenhr rhsi `d f`m-

trgfthmb EHT gmc t` lnssnm sthbkg gmc chsfrhkhmgth`m (Juins nt gl. ?115).

Out gc`lnsfnmts gmc yùmb pn`pln grn sthll m`t rnfnhvhmb nmùbe hmd`r-

kgth`m9 shkply supplyhmb dgfts goùt snx gmc EHT hs m`t nmùbe t` gltnr

rhsiy onegvh`r. Hmd`rkgth`m kust on supplnknmtnc whte trghmhmb hm lhdn

sihlls, sufe gs frhthfgl gmc frngthvn tehmihmb, cnfhsh`m kgihmb gmc snld-

gwgrnmnss, gmc whte ten im`wlncbn, gtthtucns, gmc vgluns mnncnc t` kgin

sùmc englte-rnlgtnc cnfhsh`ms.Durtenrk`rn, ncufgth`m whll m`t fegmbn ten fùrsn `d ten nphcnkhf

umlnss ht nkp`wnrs yùmb bhrls gmc pr`k`tns p`shthvn kgsfulhmhty gk`mbst

yùmb o`ys. Bnmcnr chspgrhthns grn g shbmhfgmt dgft`r plgfhmb w`knm gt

hmfrngsnc rhsi `d EHT hmdnfth`m gmc fgushmb tenk t` ongr ten brngtnst our-

cnm `d ten chsngsn (Juins nt gl. ?115). Sen typn `d ncufgth`m gmc sfe``l

nmvhr`mknmt kgttnrsncufgth`m fgm rnpr`cufn s`fhgl hkoglgmfns gmc

hmnquhthns, `r ht fgm trgmsd`rk s`fhnthns.

Gt ten sgkn thkn, ten EHT/GHCV nphcnkhf hs cgkgbhmb ten ncufgth`m

systnks tegt fgm pr`vhcn tehs s`fhgl vgffhmn oy ihllhmb tngfenrs, hmfrngshmb

rgtns d tngfenr gosnmtnnhsk, gmc frngthmb rpegms gmc vulmnrgoln fehlcrnm

we` kgy on lnss lhinly t` gttnmc sfe``l gmc k`rn lhinly t` cr`p ut. Onfgusn

`d ten hkpgft `d ten nphcnkhf, s`kn fùmtrhns grn onbhmmhmb t` nxpnrhnmfn

rnvnrsgl d tenhr egrc-w`m ncufgth`mgl bghms, wehln tenrs grn onhmb durtenr

snt ogfi (Inlly ?1159 NC^FGHCV ?115). Gfinfthmb supply, cnkgmc, gmc

quglhty `d ncufgth`m, EHT/GHCV lhkht ten fgpgfhty `d ncufgth`m snft`rs t`

gfehnvn NDG, gmc `d fùmtrhns t` gfehnvn tenhr tgrbnts t`wgrc ten Khllnm-

mhuk Cnvnl`pknmt B`gls (KCBs) (_hslny gmc Oumcy ?112).

Sen ncufgth`m snft`r egs g fnmtrgl r`ln hm ten kulthsnft`rgl rnsp`msn t`

EHT/GHCV. Out ten rnsp`msn oy stgine`lcnrs hm fùmtrhns egs `dtnm onnm

sl`w gmc hmgcnqugtn. Sehs c`ns m`t gppngr t` rnnft g shkpln lgfi `d

rnsùrfns, shmfn nvnm ten gvghlgoln rnsùrfns egvn onnm umcnrusnc oy ten

ncufgth`m snft`r. Hmcnnc, nvnm hm ?11? dnw ncufgth`m systnks wnrn

gccrnsshmb EHT systnkgthfglly, gmc kgmy fùmtrhns egc ynt t` cnvnl`p gd`rkgl strgtnby d`r gm ncufgth`m snft`r rnsp`msn t` ten nphcnkhf (Ogihlgmg

nt gl. ?113).


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Hmtr`cufth`m | 6

Ogfibrùmc t` ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn

Sen ncufgth`m snft`r egs onnm sl`w t` `ffupy hts frhthfgl p`shth`m gs `mn `dten kghm pgrtmnrs hm ten kulthsnft`rgl rnsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV. V`kn iny

nvnmts hm Gdrhfg grùmc ten khllnmmhuk, gmc hm pgrthfulgr ten gcv`fgfy oy

Khfegnl Inlly `d Zgkohg gt ten 7888 Lusgig Hmtnrmgth`mgl F`mbrnss `m

EHT/GHCV gmc VSCs hm Gdrhfg, ten NDG rnbh`mgl knnthmb hm Jègmmnsourb,

gmc ten Cgigr R`rlc Ncufgth`m D`ruk hm ?111, enlpnc ehbelhbet ten mnnc

d`r g systnkhf EHT/GHCV rnsp`msn dr`k ten ncufgth`m snft`r (Inlly ?115).

Gs g rnsult, ht egs onf`kn hmfrngshmbly rnf`bmhznc tegt ten ncufgth`m snft`r

egs g iny nxtnrmgl r`ln hm prnvnmth`m gmc hm rncufhmb sthbkg, gmc gm

hkp`rtgmt hmtnrmgl r`ln hm pr`vhchmb gffnss t` fgrn, trngtknmt, gmc sup-

p`rt d`r tngfenrs gmc stgfi, g brùp tegt hm kgmy fùmtrhns rnprnsnmts

k`rn tegm 41 pnrfnmt `d ten puolhf snft`r w`rid`rfn.

Out tensn r`lns wnrn `mly onbhmmhmb t` on umcnrst``c wenm hm ?11?, gt

ten rnqunst `d fùmtrhns gfinftnc oy EHT/GHCV hm Vuo-Vgegrgm Gdrhfg, ten

^MGHCV Hmtnr-Gbnmfy Sgsi Sngk (HGSS) `m Ncufgth`m (g mntw`ri `d

^MGHCV f`sp`ms`rs, ohlgtnrgl c`m`rs, gmc fhvhl s`fhnty `rbgmhzgth`ms sup-p`rthmb f``rchmgtnc gmc f`kprnenmshvn ncufgth`m snft`r rnsp`msns t`

EHT/GHCV) nstgolhsenc ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn R`rihmb Brùp t` gffnl-

nrgtn ten ncufgth`m snft`r rnsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV hm Vuo-Vgegrgm Gdrhfg

(snn o`x 7). Hm f`msultgth`m whte b`vnrmknmts hm Vuo-Vgegrgm Gdrhfg, ten

R`rihmb Brùp umcnrt`ì g prnlhkhmgry pròlnk gmglyshs. Ht se`wnc tegt

nfinfthvn ncufgth`m snft`r rnsp`msns ffurrnc hm fùmtrhns wenrn tenrn wgs

str`mb snft`rgl lngcnrsehp9 b``c snft`rgl f``rchmgth`m whte mgth`mgl GHCV

gute`rhthns9 gmc gppr`prhgtn tnfemhfgl supp`rt d`r pr`brgk cnshbm gmchkplnknmtgth`m (Ogihlgmg nt gl. ?113). Ht durtenr se`wnc tegt, gs hm `tenr

grngs d ten ghc nlc, supp`rt gk`mb cnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs wgs dtnm umf`-

`rchmgtnc, lngchmb t` hmfrngsnc trgmsgfth`m f`sts d`r ten b`vnrmknmtsg

pgrthfulgrly shbmhfgmt hssun hm ten grng `d EHT/GHCV gfthvhthns onfgusn `d

ten shzn d c`m`r supp`rt gmc kulthplhfhty d c`m`rs. Sen Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthg-

thvn, hm supp`rt `d ten Sernn @mns prhmfhplns7`d `mn mgth`mgl GHCV

gfth`m drgknw`ri, `mn mgth`mgl GHCV f``rchmgthmb gute`rhty, gmc `mn

fùmtry-lnvnl systnk d`r k`mht`rhmb gmc nvglugth`m (K&N)ghks t` egr-

k`mhzn plgms, dumchmb, gmc K&N drgknw`ris.


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3 | Gffnlnrgthmb ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r _nsp`msn t` EHT

B`gls gmc @ojnfthvns `d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn

Sen b`gl `d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn R`rihmb Brùp hs t` enlp fùmtrhns hm

Vuo-Vgegrgm Gdrhfg t` gffnlnrgtn tenhr ncufgth`m snft`r rnsp`msns t` EHT/

GHCV. Gffnlnrgtn kngms o`te t` quhfinm s`kntehmb tegt hs glrngcy hm

k`th`m gmc t` egstnm hmt` k`th`m s`kntehmb tegt hs hmhthglly stgth`mgry. Hm

supp`rt d tehs b`gl, ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn R`rihmb Brùp hcnmthnc ten

d`ll`whmb vn ojnfthvns:

7. S` pr`k`tn lngcnrsehp oy ten ncufgth`m snft`r gmc frngtn snft`rgl cn-

kgmc d`r g rnsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV

?. S` egrk`mhzn supp`rt gk`mb cnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs, s` gs t` onttnr

gsshst fùmtrhns gmc rncufn trgmsgfth`m f`sts

O@U 7: SEN ^MGHCV HMSN_-GBNMFX SGVI SNGK (HGSS)

@M NC^FGSH@M

Sen MGHCV Hmtnr-Gbnmfy Sgsi Sngk (HGSS) m Ncufgth`m wgs frngtnc hm ?11? whte

ten b`gl t` gffnlnrgtn gmc hkpr`vn ten ncufgth`m snft`r rnsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV.

F`mvnmnc oy ^MNVF@, ht hs g strgtnbhf flustnrhmb `d ten ^MGHCV f`sp`ms`rhmb

gbnmfhns, ohlgtnrgl gbnmfhns, prhvgtn c`m`rs, gmc fhvhl s`fhnty gbnmfhns, f`kkhttnc

t` w`rihmb d`r f`mbrunmfn hm p`lhfy chgl`bun gt ten hmtnrmgth`mgl, rnbh`mgl, gmc

mgth`mgl lnvnls.

Sen HGSS snnis t` gfehnvn hts ghk oy ten d`ll`whmb kngms:

Qr`k`thmb gmc supp`rthmb b``c prgfthfns hm ten ncufgth`m snft`r rnlgtnc t`

EHT/GHCV

Nmfùrgbhmb glhbmknmt gmc egrk`mhzgth`m whtehm gmc gfr`ss gbnmfhns t` sup-

p`rt blògl gmc fùmtry lnvnl gfth`ms

Vpnfhf gfthvhthns umcnrtginm oy ten HGSS hmflucn ten d`ll`whmb:

Vtrnmbtenmhmb ten nvhcnmfn ogsn gmc chssnkhmgthmb mchmbs t` hmd`rk cnfh-

sh`m kgihmb gmc strgtnby cnvnl`pknmt

Nmfùrgbhmb hmd`rkgth`m gmc kgtnrhgls nxfegmbn

R`rihmb j`hmtly t` orhcbn ncufgth`m gmc GHCV f`kkumhthns

Nmsurhmb str`mbnr ncufgth`m snft`r rnsp`msns t` EHT/GHCV

Vnn www.umnsf .`rb/ghcs/hgtt r f`mtgft hmd`-hgttAumnsf`.`rb d`r durtenr hmd`rkg-

th`m `m ten HGSS gmc hts gfthvhthns.


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Hmtr`cufth`m | >

6. S` pr`k`tn f``rchmgth`m whte ten mgth`mgl GHCV gute`rhthns, gmc

nmegmfn gffnss t` GHCV dumcs

3. S` segrn hmd`rkgth`m `m EHT/GHCV tegt egs spnfhf rnlnvgmfn t` ten

ncufgth`m snft`r

>. S` strnmbtenm ten tnfemhfgl f`mtnmt gmc hkplnknmtgth`m `d ten ncufg-

th`m snft`r rnsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV

Hkplnknmtgth`m `d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn

S` gccrnss tensn vn òjnfthvns, ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn cnvnl`pnc g plgm

`d gfth`m tegt onbgm whte pgrthfhpgth`m hm suornbh`mgl w`rise`ps `d tngks

rnprnsnmtgthvn d ten ncufgth`m snft`r, hmfluchmb iny d`rkgl gmc m`md`rkgl

suosnft`rs, gmc tngfenr gss`fhgth`ms. Sensn w`rise`ps wnrn hmtnmcnc t`

lngc t` f`kk`m umcnrstgmchmb `d ten r`ln ten ncufgth`m snft`r fùlc plgy

hm rnsp`mchmb t` EHT/GHCV, gmc teus t` ten nknrbnmfn `d snft`rgl lngcnr-

sehp gmc gfth`m gt ten fùmtry lnvnl. Nfinfthvn lngcnrsehp gt ten fùmtry

lnvnl, f`kohmnc whte gppr`prhgtn tnfemhfgl hmput, hs hmtnmcnc t` rnsult hm

k`rn nfinfthvn snft`rgl p`lhfhns, strgtnbhns, gmc hkplnknmtgth`m plgms, gmc

onttnr egrk`mhznc supp`rt dr`k fùmtry-lnvnl ncufgth`m c`m`r tngks. Sen

pehl`s`pey d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn egs glwgys onnm t` pr`k`tn o`tt`k-

up plgmmhmb gmc gfthvhsk, hmd`rknc oy rnbh`mgl gmc mgth`mgl pr`vnm nxgk-

plns `d b``c prgfthfn. Sehs hs hmtnmcnc t` lngc t` ten nstgolhseknmt `d

pr`brgks whte str`mb l`fgl `wmnrsehp, fgpgoln `d gffnsshmb suhtgoln dumc-

hmb gmc hkplnknmtgth`m gt gll lnvnls d ten ncufgth`m snft`r.

Sen Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn, hm rnf`bmhth`m d ten dgft tegt gmy nxtnrmgl pr`-

brgk fgm mly e`pn t` spur m, gmc f`mtrhoutn t`, nxhsthmb ncufgth`m snft`r

hmhthgthvns, ghks t` ouhlc `m gmc strnmbtenm tensn. Ht c`ns s` terùbe ten

pr`vhsh`m gmc chssnkhmgth`m `d hmd`rkgth`m `m mnw gmc nfinfthvn tnfemhfgl

s`luth`ms, f`kohmnc whte ten sthkulgth`m d p`lhthfgl whll t` durtenr cnvnl`p

gppr`prhgtn rnsp`msns.

R`rise`ps gt suornbh`mgl gmc mgth`mgl lnvnls ouhlc `m pgst w`rise`ps

gmc grn f``rchmgtnc whte `tenr, shkhlgr gfthvhthns onhmb `rbgmhznc oycnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs. Sen Hmhthgthvn hs g w`ri hm pr`brnss, gmc hm gcch-

th`m t` w`rihmb fl`snly whte cnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs gfthvn gt mgth`mgl gmc


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rnbh`mgl lnvnls, plgms grn chsfussnc gt ten ^MGHCV HGSS gt ncufgth`m

ohgmmugl knnthmbs whte ten blògl rnprnsnmtgthvns d ten ^MGHCV f`sp`m-

s`rs, ohlgtnrgl gmc hmtnrb`vnrmknmtgl `rbgmhzgth`ms, gmc fhvhl s`fhnty.

Curhmb tensn knnthmbs, plgms grn k`chnc gmc f`ms`lhcgtnc hm k`vhmb

ten Hmhthgthvn d`rwgrc.

Sen Nv`luth`m `d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn

Sen Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn onbgm hm M`vnkonr ?11?9 oy M`vnkonr ?114 ten

ncufgth`m snft`rs `d 62 fùmtrhns hm Vuo-Vgegrgm Gdrhfg egc pgrthfhpgtnc,mgknly: Gmb`lg, Onmhm, O`tswgmg, Ourihmg Dgs , Ourumch, Fgknr``m, Fgpn

Tnrcn, Fnmtrgl Gdrhfgm _npuolhf (FG_), Fegc, Ftn cHv`hrn, Cnk`frgthf

_npuolhf `d F`mb` (C_F), Nqugt`rhgl Buhmng, Nrhtrng, Nteh`phg, Bgo`m,

Begmg, Buhmng-Ohssgu, Inmyg, Lhonrhg, Kgcgbgsfgr, Kglgwh, Kglh, Kgurh-

tgmhg, K`zgkohqun, Mhbnr, Mhbnrhg, _npuolhf d Buhmng, _wgmcg, V` S`k

& Qrmfhpn, Vnmnbgl, Vhnrrg Ln`mn, Sen Bgkohg, ten _npuolhf `d F`mb`,

S`b`, ^bgmcg, Sgmzgmhg (kghmlgmc gmc Zgmzhogr), gmc Zgkohg.

Sensn fùmtrhns grn rnsp`msholn d`r ?11.? khllh`m sfe``l-gbn fehlcrnm

gmc ?.4 khllh`m tngfenrs. Hd nfinfthvn, ten Gffnlnrgtn nfi`rts t` cgtn egvn ten

p`tnmthgl t` onmnt 5>.> pnrfnmt `d sfe``l-gbn fehlcrnm gmc 23.6 pnrfnmt `d

prhkgry gmc snf`mcgry sfe``l tngfenrs hm Vuo-Vgegrgm Gdrhfg.

Dr`k ten rst w`rise`p ht onfgkn flngr tegt tenrn wgs str`mb cnkgmc

dr`k ten ncufgth`m tngks `d ten fùmtrhns hm Vuo-Vgegrgm Gdrhfg d`r onttnr

umcnrstgmchmb `d e`w t` cnvnl`p gmc hkplnknmt gm nfinfthvn snft`rgl

rnsp`msn. Sen Hmhthgthvn rgphcly nv`lvnc hmt` g l`fglly `wmnc gmc crhvnm

gfthvhty d ten fùmtrhns tenksnlvns. Sehs wgs k`st str`mbly rnnftnc hm ten

cnvnl`pknmt `d suornbh`mgl mntw`ris frngtnc oy ten Khmhstnrs `d Ncufg-

th`m grùmc ten Gdrhfgm ^mh`m _nbh`mgl Nf`m`khf F`kkumhthns. Oy ?113,

tenrn wnrn mntw`ris cnvnl`phmb whtehm ten Nf`m`khf F`kkumhty d Rnst

Gdrhfgm Vtgtns (NF@RGV) gmc ten Q`rtubunsn-spngihmb Gdrhfgm Fùmtrhns

(QGL@QV), oy ?11> whtehm ten Ngst Gdrhfgm F`kkumhty (NGF), gmc oy

?114 whtehm ten Nf`m`khf F`kkumhty d Fnmtrgl Gdrhfgm Vtgtns (NFFGV).

Hm ?112, ten mntw`ris onbgm knnthmb gfr`ss ten rnbh`m, gmc cnfhcnc tegtten thkn egc f`kn t` tgin st`fi `d wenrn ten hmhthgthvn egc grrhvnc.

Vhmfn ?11?, ten mntw`ris `d Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m EHT/GHCV D`fgl

Q`hmts egvn hmfrngshmbly tginm `wmnrsehp `d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn s`


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Hmtr`cufth`m | 2

tegt ten tnrk Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn hs m`w tginm t` rndnr t` ten gfthvhthns gt

rnbh`mgl, suornbh`mgl, gmc mgth`mgl lnvnls. Sensn grn hmhthgtnc oy D`fgl

Q`hmts whtehm tenhr mntw`ris umcnr ten gusphfns `d ten Gdrhfg ^mh`m

_nbh`mgl Nf`m`khf F`kkumhthns.

_nvhnw `d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn: Dhvn Xngrs @m

Sen purp`sn `d ten prnsnmt rnvhnw hs t` gssnss ten nxtnmt t` wehfe ten

Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvns plgmmnc gfth`ms egvn lnc t` ten gfehnvnknmt `d hts

vn òjnfthvns, gs hcnmthnc hm ?11?. Ht gls` nxpl`rns ten gfehnvnknmts gmcpr`brnss kgcn oy ten ncufgth`m snft`rs `d chfinrnmt fùmtrhns, gmc ten

nxtnmt t` wehfe tehs khbet on gss`fhgtnc whte tenhr pgrthfhpgth`m hm ten

Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn. S` gfehnvn tehs purp`sn, ten rnvhnw whll prnsnmt ngfe

òjnfthvn hm turm, gl`mb whte sukkgrhns d iny utf`kns. Hm-cnpte gmglyshs

`d spnfhf t`phfs hs sthll `mb`hmb.

M`tn 7. @m ?> Gprhl ?113, ^MGHCV, hts f`sp`ms`rs gmc `tenr iny c`m`rs nmc`rsnc ten

Sernn @mns prhmfhplns, t` gfehnvn ten k`st nst fhnmt usn `d rnsùrfns, gmc t`

nmsurn rgphc gfth`m gmc rnsults-ogsnc kgmgbnknmt `d fùmtry-lnc EHT/GHCV

gfthvhthns. Sensn grn: mn gbrnnc EHT/GHCV gfth`m drgknw`ri tegt pr`vhcns ten

ogshs d`r f``rchmgthmb ten w`ri `d gll pgrtmnrs9 `mn mgth`mgl GHCV f``rchmgthmb

gute`rhty, whte g or`gc-ogsnc kulthsnft`rgl kgmcgtn9 gmc `mn gbrnnc fùmtry-

lnvnl k`mht`rhmb gmc nvglugth`m systnk.


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8

Sen Gffnlnrgtn tngk egs enlc ?3 w`rise`ps shmfn M`vnkonr ?11?,

nquhvglnmt t` gm gvnrgbn d mn nvnry ? k`mtes. Qgrthfhpgth`m gt ten suo-rnbh`mgl lnvnl egs hmfrngsnc stngchly, gmc hs m`w rngfehmb g plgtngu gs

ten t`tgl mukonr `d Vuo-Vgegrgm Gdrhfgm fùmtrhns hs gppr`gfenc (snn

burn 7 onl`w).

Sen iny utf`kn sùbet oy ten suornbh`mgl w`rise`ps hs ten suosnqunmt

cnvnl`pknmt `d mgth`mgl-lnvnl ncufgth`m snft`r nfi`rts, wehfe wùlc hmch-

fgtn snft`rgl lngcnrsehp (snn o`xns ? gmc 6 d`r gm nxgkpln `d snft`rgl lngc-

nrsehp). Dhburn 7 se`ws g f`mshstnmt f`rrnlgth`m, `vnr thkn, ontwnnm ten

mukonrs `d fùmtrhns pgrthfhpgthmb hm suornbh`mgl gfthvhthns gmc ten muk-onrs b`hmb `m t` lgumfe gfthvhthns gt ten mgth`mgl lnvnl (snn gppnmchxns G

gmc O d`r durtenr cntghls).

Gm hkp`rtgmt gspnft `d tehs gppr`gfe hs tegt ht hs cnkgmc crhvnm. Sen

cnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs f`mtrhouthmb t` ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn egvn pr`-

vhcnc tnfemhfgl gsshstgmfn, c`fuknmtgth`m, gmc `tenr tnfemhfgl hmput, out

ten pgrthfhpgthmb b`vnrmknmt tngks grn rnsp`msholn d`r hcnmthdyhmb

rnsùrfns t` f`vnr k`st `d tenhr `wm pgrthfhpgth`m f`sts. Hm kgmy fgsns,

ncufgth`m tngks egvn sùbet tensn rnsùrfns dr`k mgth`mgl GHCV gute`rh-

thns, whte p`shthvn f`msnqunmfns rnvhnwnc umcnr @ojnfthvn 6.

Qr`k`thmb Lngcnrsehp oy

ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r gmcFrngthmb Vnft`rgl Cnkgmcd`r g _nsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV

FEGQSN_ 7


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Dhburn 7 Fùmtry Qgrthfhpgth m hm ten Gffnlnrgtn HmhthgthvnVhmfn ?11?

Vùrfn: Dhburn ogsnc `m pgrthfhpgmt lhsts gt suornbh`mgl gmc mgth`mgl-lnvnl w`rise`ps whtehm tenGffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn, ?11?12.

31

6>

61

?>

?1

7>

71

>

1

Xngr

?117 ?11? ?116 ?113 ?11> ?114

Mukonr`

dfùmtrhns

Vuornbh`mgl lnvnl gfthvhthns

Mgth`mgl-lnvnl gfthvhthns (hmfluchmb wìse`ps,tnfemhfgl supp`rt, khssh`ms, ntf.)

O@U ?: LNGCN_VEHQ OX SEN NC^FGSH@M VNFS@_ RHSEHM G

DNCN_GL VXVSNK: SEN FGVN @D MHBN_HG

Sen B`vnrmknmt `d Mhbnrhg, dgfnc whte ten k`st ehbely p`pulgtnc fùmtry hm

Gdrhfg gmc ten mnnc t` hkplnknmt pr`brgks hm hts 64 snkhgut`m`kùs stgtns,

nstgolhsenc g mgth`mgl fnmtnr `d nxfnllnmfn d`r trghmhmb b`vnrmknmt ncufgth`m

tngks. Rhte supp`rt dr`k ten Kulth-Fùmtry EHT/GHCV Qr`brgk (KGQ), ten

Dncnrgl Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m EHT/GHCV ^mht cnvnl`pnc ten trghmhmb fgpgfhty

`d ten Mgth`mgl Hmsthtutn `d Ncufgth`mgl Qlgmmhmb gmc Gckhmhstrgth`m (MHNQG).

Rhtehm 6 yngrs, 66 ùt `d 64 stgtns egc nstgolhsenc ncufgth`m rnsp`msns t`

EHT/GHCV.

(F`mthmunc)


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Qr`k`thmb Lngcnrsehp oy ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r | 77

Kghmstrngkhmb EHT/GHCV hm ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r

Kghmstrngkhmb EHT/GHCV rnsp`msns egs onnm hcnmthnc gs ten kghm pgte

t`wgrc nmsurhmb f`kprnenmshvn rnglhzgth`m `d ten fùmtry plgms gmc suo-snqunmt gfth`ms. Senrn hs gm hcnmthnc mnnc d`r ncufgth`m snft`rs t`

umcnrtgin o`te nxtnrmgl kghmstrngkhmbtegt hs, hmtnrvnmth`ms bngrnc

O@U ?: (F`mthmunc)Gt ten dncnrgl lnvnl, gfth`ms hmflucnc ten d`ll`whmb:

Cnvnl`phmb g mgth`mgl p`lhfy gmc strgtnby, hmfluchmb g w`riplgfn p`lhfy

Frngthmb gm gbrnnc mgth`mgl furrhfuluk

Frngthmb g fnmtnr `d nxfnllnmfn (gt MHNQG) d`r stgtn-lnvnl trghmhmb

Qr`vhchmb ncufgth`m gmc MGFG dumcs gt ten stgtn lnvnl

Gt ten stgtn lnvnl, gfth`ms hmflucnc hkplnknmthmb ten ncufgth`m snft`r

rnsp`msn t` EHT/GHCV.

Vnn Gffnlnrgthmb ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r _nsp`msn hm ten Dncnrgl _npuolhf `dMhbnrhg: G _nvhnw, gmc www.sfe``lsgmcenglte.`rb d`r durtenr cntghls.

O@U 6: LNGCN_VEHQ OX SEN NC^FGSH@M VNFS@_ RHSEHM G

VKGLL VSGSN: SEN _NQÔLHF @D O^_^MCH

Lngcnrsehp oy ten ncufgth`m snft`r hm ten _npuolhf `d Ourumch hs flngrly cnk`m-

strgtnc terùbe ten kulthtucn d gfthvhthns `ffurrhmb gt gll lnvnls d ten snft`r. Sehshmflucns ten nstgolhseknmt d gm EHT/GHCV umht hm ten Khmhstry d Ncufgth`m t` tgin

d`rwgrc ten mgth`mgl kulthsnft`rgl rnsp`msn.

Vhmfn 785558, ten Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m egs onnm cnlhvnrhmb prhkgry-lnvnl

EHT prnvnmth`m ncufgth`m hmhthgtnc oy rurgl ncufgth`m dfns. Ncufgth`m snft`r-lnc

rnsp`msns grn m`w tgihmb plgfn gt ten prhkgry, snf`mcgry, gmc tnrthgry lnvnls `d ten

d`rkgl snft`r, gs wnll gs terùbe ten m`md`rkgl snft`r. Grùmc 2> pnrfnmt `d snf-

`mcgry sfe``ls gls` egvn pnnr ncufgth`m brùps. K`st prhkgry sfe``ls gmc v`fg-

th`mgl trghmhmb fnmtnrs gls` egvn pnnr ncufgt`rs. Gt ten tnrthgry lnvnl, snld-hmhthgtnc

stucnmt `rbgmhzgth`ms grn pgrthfulgrly gfthvn. Gll tensn gfthvhthns grn flngrly buhcnc

oy g vn-yngr snft`rgl plgm (?11?12).

Vnn www.sfe``lsgmcenglte.`rb d`r durtenr cntghls.


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7? | Gffnlnrgthmb ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r _nsp`msn t` EHT

t` prnvnmthmb EHT hmdnfth`m gmc khthbgthmb ten hkpgft `d EHT/GHCV `m

ten ncufgth`m snft`r), gmc hmtnrmgl kghmstrngkhmb9 tegt hs, hmtnrvnmth`ms

rnsp`mchmb t` ten hkpgft `d EHT/GHCV `m tngfenrs gmc ncufgth`mgl stgfi.

Vufe hmtnrvnmth`ms kust on plgmmnc gmc hkplnknmtnc gfr`ss gll umhts,

cnpgrtknmts, gmc hmsthtuth`ms hm ten ncufgth`m snft`r.

Sen ncufgth`m snft`rs hm Inmyg gmc ten ^mhtnc _npuolhf `d Sgmzgmhg

(kghmlgmc gmc Zgmzhogr) pr`vhcn nxgkplns `d hkplnknmthmb snft`rwhcn

kghmstrngkhmb `d EHT/GHCV rnsp`msns.

Hm ten ^mhtnc _npuolhf `d Sgmzgmhg, hm gcchth`m t` ten dully stgfinc GHCV

f``rchmgthmb umhts, gll umhts, cnpgrtknmts, gmc hmsthtuth`ms hm ten ncufgth`msnft`r (gmc terùbe tenhr pgrthfhpgth`m hm ten wnll-nstgolhsenc Snfemhfgl

GHCV F`kkhttnns YSGFs[), plgm, oucbnt, gmc k`mht`r hkplnknmtgth`m `d

ten EHT/GHCV rnsp`msns. Kghmstrngkhmb ten rnsp`msns egs gls` onnm

hmflucnc hm ten B`vnrmknmts Knchuk Snrk Nxpnmchturn Drgknw`ri

O@U 3: KGHMVS_NGKHMB: SEN BNMCN_ QN_VQNFSHTN

Bnmcnr hmnquglhty f`mthmuns t` crhvn dnkhmhzgth`m d ten nphcnkhf. Sen cymgk-

hfs `d sufe dnkhmhzgth`m grn fegmbhmb whte hmfrngsnc mukonrs `d kgrrhnc w`knm,

hm gcchth`m t` bhrls gmc yùmb w`knm, we` grn onf`khmb hmdnftnc. Hm kgmy

rnbh`ms, k`rn yùmb w`knm gbnc 7> yngrs gmc lcnr grn m`w lhvhmb whte EHT tegm

nvnr ond`rn. Blòglly, w`knm m`w f`kprhsn 35 pnrfnmt d pn`pln lhvhmb whte EHT.

X umb pn`pln gbnc 7> yngrs gmc `lcnr grn gt pgrthfulgr rhsi, gffùmthmb d`r 31

pnrfnmt `d mnw hmdnfth`ms hm ?114.

^mhtnc Mgth`ms Bhrls Ncufgth`m Hmhthgthvn (^MBNH)

Lgumfenc hm ?111 gt ten R`rlc Ncufgth`m D`ruk hm Cgigr, ten ^mhtnc Mgth`ms

Bhrls Ncufgth`m Hmhthgthvn (^MBNH) hs g pgrtmnrsehp `d `rbgmhzgth`ms f`kkhttnc t`ten b`gls `d mgrr`whmb ten bnmcnr bgp hm prhkgry gmc snf`mcgry ncufgth`m gmc

nmsurhmb tegt, oy ?17>, gll fehlcrnm f`kplntn prhkgry sfe``lhmb, whte bhrls gmc

o`ys egvhmb nqugl gffnss t` drnn, ehbe-quglhty ncufgth`m. Gs ten gbsehp `d ten

NDG k`vnknmt tegt d`fusns `m bhrls ncufgth`m, ^MBNH nkorgfns ten ^mhtnc

Mgth`ms systnk, b`vnrmknmts, c`m`r fùmtrhns, m`mb`vnrmknmtgl `rbgmhzgth`ms

(MB@s), fhvhl s`fhnty, ten prhvgtn snft`r, f`kkumhthns, gmc dgkhlhns.

Sen ^MBNH drgknw`ri egs pr`vhcnc ten bnmcnr f`mtnxt d`r ten Gffnlnrgtn

Hmhthgthvn. Ht pr`k`tns ten kghmstrngkhmb `d bnmcnr hmt` ten EHT/GHCV rnsp`msns

oy ten ncufgth`m snft`r gmc strgtnbhns tegt bhvn prh`rhty t` ten mnncs `d ten k`st

chsgcvgmtgbnc, nspnfhglly bhrls gmc w`knm, gs wnll gs rpegms gmc tenr fehlcrnm

kgcn vulmnrgoln t` GHCV.

D`r k`rn hmd`rkgth`m vhsht www.umbnh.`rb.


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Qr`k`thmb Lngcnrsehp oy ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r | 76

(KSND), g mgth`mgl oucbntgry gll`fgth`m gmc nxpnmchturn drgknw`ri

whtehm ten Q`vnrty _ncufth`m Vtrgtnby Qr`brgks (Q_VQs). Gt ten chstrhft

lnvnl, ncufgth`m `st fns egvn onnm kgmcgtnc t` `vnrsnn ten hkplnknmtgth`m

`d EHT/GHCV hm ten ncufgth`m snft`r.

Hm Inmyg, ten Khmhstry `d Ncufgth`m egs put EHT/GHCV D`fgl Q`hmts hm

gll 2> Chstrhft Ncufgth`m @st fns (?115 cgtg), ùt `d wehfe 7> glrngcy plgm,

oucbnt, gmc k`mht`r ncufgth`m rnsp`msns t` EHT/GHCV. Sensn `st fns grn

cnk`mstrgthmb vnrthfgl kghmstrngkhmb terùbe furrnmt cnfnmtrglhznc

rnd`rks hm ten ncufgth`m snft`r.

Nvglugthmb ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn Qr`fnss

Ngfe Gffnlnrgtn w`rise`p wgs nvglugtnc oy g tw`-pgrt qunsth`mmghrn

gckhmhstnrnc t` pgrthfhpgmts gt ten nmc `d ten w`rise`p. Sen qunsth`mmghrn

rnquhrnc pgrthfhpgmts t` rgtn ten gfthvhty `d ten w`rise`p `m 2 òjnfthvns

`m g pr`brnsshvn sfgln `d 7 (l`w) t` > (ehbe). Dhburn ? se`ws ten gvnrgbn

rnsp`msn, rgtnc oy pgrthfhpgmts dr`k ?3 w`rise`ps, `m ten 2 òjnfthvns

`d ten qunsth`mmghrn. Sen pgrthfhpgmt dnncogfi se`wm hm burn ? subbnststegt ten Gffnlnrgtn w`rise`ps grn gccrnsshmb fùmtrhns spnfhf mnncs

(f`kplntn rnsults d ten dnncogfi qunsth`mmghrns d`r ngfe w`rise`p fgm on

Dhburn ? Nvglugth`m `d ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn R`rise`ps

Vùrfn: Dhburn ogsnc `m cgtg f`llnftnc ushmb g stgmcgrchznc pgrthfhpgmt dnncogfi qunsth`mmghrnf`kplntnc gm`mykùsly gt ten nmc `d gll suornbh`mgl gmc mgth`mgl-lnvnl w`rise`ps whtehm tenGffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn, ?11?12.

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dùmc gt www.sfe``lsgmcenglte.`rb). Sen Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn ghks t` on

gs rnsp`mshvn gs p`ssholn t` ten mnncs gmc prh`rhthns `d pgrthfhpgthmb fùm-

trhns9 f`msnqunmtly, gfthvhthns grn f`mstgmtly k`chnc hm lhmn whte subbns-

th`ms gmc rnf`kknmcgth`ms kgcn oy b`vnrmknmt pgrthfhpgmts hm tensn

dnncogfi qunsth`mmghrns. Rehln fgrryhmb ùt gfthvhthns, rnlnvgmfn gmc

rnsp`mshvnmnss grn nmsurnc terùbe ten nstgolhseknmt `d g snkhd`rkgl

dnncogfi knfegmhsk ontwnnm pgrthfhpgmts gmc ten dgfhlhtgth`m tngk gt

ngfe nvnmt.


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53/132

HL@

^MGHCV

^MCQ

^MNVF@

^MDQG

^MHFND

RO

RDQ

Fgmgcg

Hrnlgmc

M`rwgy^I

^VG

Gfth`m Ghc

Gfth`m Englte

KSS

QFC

Vgvn ten Fehlcrnm

Sngfenr gss`fhgth`ms

Gffnlnrgtn w`rise`ps gttnmcnc (%)

1 71 ?1 61 31 >1 41 2

77

7?

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4

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Dhburn 6 Cnvnl`pknmt Qgrtmnrs Hmv`lvnc hm Ngfe `d ten Vuornbh`mgl gmc Mgth`mgl

V`urfn:Dhburn ogsnc `m pgrthfhpgmt lhsts gt suornbh`mgl gmc mgth`mgl-lnvnl w`rise`ps whtehm ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn, ?72


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O@U 4: EHT/GHCV GV G R@_IQLGFN HVV^NGs lngc gbnmfy `m hssuns `d p`lhfy, ten HL@s F`cn `d Qrgfthfn `m EHT/GHCV gmc

ten R`rlc `d R`ri hs usnc t` buhcn cnlhonrgth`ms `m p`lhfy. EHT/GHCV grn w`ri-

plgfn hssuns, gmc seùlc on trngtnc lhin gmy `tenr snrhùs hllmnss `r f`mchth`m hm

ten w`riplgfn. Sen cnvnl`pknmt d gm EHT/GHCV p`lhfy (terùbe f`msultgth`m whte

gll stgine`lcnrs) tegt rnsp`mcs t` ten mnncs `d nkpl`ynrs gmc nkpl`ynns hs shb-

mhfgmt onfgusn ht pr`vhcns g drgknw`ri d`r gm gffnlnrgtnc ncufgth`m snft`r

rnsp`msn. K`rn`vnr, p`lhfhns ogfinc oy f`kkhtknmt gt ten ehbenst lnvnl fgm ddnr

gm nxgkpln t` `tenr `rbgmhzgth`ms, hmsthtuth`ms, gmc f`kkumhthns hm bnmnrgl gs t`

e`w t` kgmgbn EHT/GHCV.

Gs se`wm hm burn 6, HL@ stgdd pgrthfhpgtnc hm mngrly egld ten Hmhthgthvn nvnmts.Sen HL@ F`cn `d Qrgfthfn wgs usnc gs buhcgmfn kgtnrhgl hm gll ten nvnmts, gs egvn

onnm ten HL@ gmc ^MNVF@ j`hmt puolhfgth`ms Gm EHT/GHCV R`riplgfn Q`lhfy d`r

ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r hm ten Fgrhoongm gmc EHT/GHCV R`riplgfn Q`lhfy d`r ten

Ncufgth`m Vnft`r hm Vùtenrm Gdrhfg.

Vnn www.hl`.`rb d`r durtenr cntghls.

Hm ?114, ten NDGHCV Qr`brgk wgs lgumfenc oy Ncufgth`m Hmtnrmgth`mgl (NH), ten

R`rlc Englte @rbgmhzgth`m (RE@), gmc ten Ncufgth`m Cnvnl`pknmt Fnmtnr

(NCF). Ht egs ternn b`gls:

7. S prnvnmt mnw EHT hmdnfth`ms gk`mb tngfenrs gmc lngrmnrs

?. S khthbgtn ten mnbgthvn nddnft `d GHCV `m gfehnvhmb NDG b`gls

6. S hmfrngsn ten mukonr `d lngrmnrs f`kplnthmb ogshf ncufgth`m.

S gfehnvn hts b`gls, NDGHCV f`kohmns ten ndd`rts d tngfenrs umh`ms hm gcv`-

fgthmb d`r NDG gt ten mgth`mgl lnvnl whte tenhr f`kkhtknmt t` EHT/GHCV prnvnmth`m

hm sfe``ls l`fglly. Oy nmbgbhmb tngfenrs gmc tenhr umh`ms hm chsfussh`ms grùmc

p`lhfy gmc gcv`fgfy, NDGHCV snnis t` pr`k`tn lngcnrsehp `d ten ncufgth`m snft`r

hm gccrnsshmb EHT/GHCV. G t``liht nmthtlnc Lngcnrsehp hm ten EHT gmc GHCV

_nsp`msn: G S``liht d`r Sngfenrs ^mh`ms t` Qr`k`tn Englte gmc Hkpr`vn Ncufg-th`m egs onnm cnvnl`pnc oy NDGHCV pgrtmnrs t` dgfhlhtgtn tehs pr`fnss.

Vnn www.nh-hn.`rb/ndghcs/nm/hmcnx.pep d`r durtenr cntghls.

tnfemhfgl gsshstgmfn t` ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn. Dull cntghls `d ten pgrthfh-

pgthmb `rbgmhzgth`ms grn pr`vhcnc hm gppnmchx O.

Dhburn 3 se`ws ten pgrthfhpgth`m d s`kn d ten cnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs hm

ten ?3 w`rise`ps enlc t` cgtn oy ^MGHCV f`sp`ms`rs, ohlgtnrgl c`m`rs,gmc fhvhl s`fhnty `rbgmhzgth`ms. Sen lgrbn gmc ehbe-pr`ln suornbh`mgl

w`rise`ps gttrgftnc ten brngtnst mukonr gmc vgrhnty `d cnvnl`pknmt pgrt-

mnrs, out hm nvnry fgsn tenrn wnrn kulthpln cnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs prnsnmt.


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Zgkohg

Gmbl`pe`mnR.Gdrhfg

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> 2 5

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? ? ? 366

Dhburn 3 Lnvnl `d _nprnsnmtgth`m `d ^M Gbnmfhns, Ohlgtnrgl C`m`rs, gmc Fhvhl V`fhgt ten Vuornbh`mgl gmc Mgth`mgl R`rise`ps gmc Mntw`ri Knnthmbs Enlc shmfn ?1

V`urfn:Dhburn ogsnc `m pgrthfhpgmt lhsts gt suornbh`mgl gmc mgth`mgl-lnvnl w`rise`ps whtehm ten Gffnlnrgtn Hmhthgthvn, ?78


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?1 | Gffnlnrgthmb ten Ncufgth`m Vnft`r _nsp`msn t` EHT

Ser`ube tehs nxtnmshvn pgrtmnr f`llgo`rgth`m, gfthvhthns gt suornbh`mglgmc mgth`mgl lnvnls grn k`rn egrk`mhznc, lngchmb t` g shbmhfgmt rncufth`m

`d trgmsgfth`m f`sts gmc gm hmfrngsn hm f`st-nfinfthvnmnss d`r o`te Khmhs-

trhns d Ncufgth`m gmc cnvnl`pknmt pgrtmnrs.

O@U 2: D@VSN_HMB B_NGSN_ HMT@LTNKNMS @D QN@QLNLHTHMB RHSE EHT/GHCV (BHQG) HM SEN GFFNLN_GSN HMHSHGSHTN

Hm lhmn whte ten BHQG prhmfhplns, te

accelerating the education sector response to hiv: five years of experience from sub-saharan africa

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