academy the carbon footprint of textiles · pdf fileof the textile information about energy...
TRANSCRIPT
SYSTAIN CONSULTING
Norbert Jungmichel, Systain Consulting
THEKEY.TO ACADEMY
The Carbon Footprint of Textiles
Berlin | July 5th 2010
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Systain Consulting
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The Systain team offers:
- Systematic solutions for sustainability
- Comprehensive business know-how
- Performance-oriented consultancy
- Headquarter in Hamburg and offices in the main production markets
- 25 employees of various nationalities in 4 countries
Systain Consulting – more than 10 years of passion forsustainability
Systain Consulting is an experienced CSR consultancy. Together with our clients, we
develop tailor-made and pragmatic solutions for sustainable management – with main
focus on the supply chain. Our clients range from brands, retailers, importers and
producers.
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Hamburg
Istanbul
Dhaka
Hong Kong
Systain worldwide
SchwäbischGmünd
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July 5th 2010Systain Consulting 2009
Carbon Emissions are faced an increasing awarenessamong consumers
Furniture
Fruits and Vegetables
Frozen Food
Fast-food and Coffee Shops
Fashion, Clothes and Shoes
Chemist and Hygiene Store
Creamery Products
Toys
Do-It-Yourself Supplies
Books and Newspapers
Over-The-Counter Drugs
Soft Drinks
Confectionary
Relevance of the topic CO2 for several product groups today and in the future
Today
Future
Growth rate
Survey among 1.011 consumers in Germany, carried out by Sempora, Sept. 2007
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Patagonia (U.S.): information about environmental impact of textiles
www.patagonia.com
Information about thecarbon footprint
Carbon footprintrelated to the weightof the textile
Information aboutenergy consumption,waste etc.
Trace & tracking forconsumers
Regular T-Shirt:CO2 equals eighttimes the weight ofthe shirt
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Fossile fuels cause CO2-emissions
1) Bestandteile: 1 Atom Kohlenstoff (C), 2 Atome Sauerstoff (O = ½O2)
2) Summenformel:
3) Strukturformel:
4) Molare Massen: C = 12 g/Mol, ½O2 = 16 g/Mol, CO2 = 44 g/Mol
5) Aus 4) ergibt sich für CO2 ein Anteilsverhältnis von 1 : 1,3 : 3,67 (C : ½O2 : CO2)
6) Der Kohlenstoffanteil in fossilen Brennstoffen liegt bei ca. 85%
1 kg fossilen Brennstoff = ca. 850 g Kohlenstoff (C)
7) Dichte von verschiedenen fossilen Brennstoffen:
7.1) Dieselkraftstoff = ca. 845 g /Liter
7.2) Ottokraftstoff = ca. 750 g /Liter
7.3) Schweröl = ca. 1.000 g/Liter
Beispielrechnung für Diesel
- Ein Liter Diesel hat eine Masse von ca. 845 g (siehe 7.1)
- Da der Masseanteil von Kohlenstoff in fossilen Brennstoffen bei ca. 85% liegt (siehe 6), enthält ein Liter Dieselca. 718,25 g Kohlenstoff.
- Entsprechend dem unter 4) ermittelten Kohlenstoffanteil für CO2 entstehen bei vollständiger Oxidation voneinem Liter Diesel: 718,25 g C * 3,67 g CO2/g C=
* 1 Mol = 6.0221367 * 10-23 Teilchen (Avogadrosche Zahl) ** Dieser Wert schwankt mit der Kraftstoffdichte
CO O
CO2
2,6 kg CO2/ Liter Diesel*für Diesel (ohne Emissionen bei Förderung und Raffinierung
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The Carbon Footprint indicates all greenhouse gasemissions along the whole life-cycle
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The journey of a longshirt: from the cotton field in the U.S.via the factory in Bangladesh to the consumer in Germany
Figure: google
Long shirt ‚Boysen’s’, ¾ sleeve, white, 100% cotton, Size 40-42, Net weight 222 grams
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Carbon Footprint of the white longshirt: 10.75 kg CO2e,50 times the net-weight
Use-Phase
3.30 kg
31%
Packaging
0.24 kg
2%
Catalogue
1.53 kg
14% Distribution
0.87 kg
8%
Transports
0.29 kg
3%
Manufacture3.00 kg
28%
Cotton Cultivation
1.27 kg
12%
Disposal
0.25 kg
2%
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N2O-gases are linked to cotton growing and have analmost 300-time larger effect than CO2
The Carbon Footprint regarding cottongrowing incl. ginning makes up 1,27 kgCO2e.
Indicated by generic secondary data due todata gaps for cotton growing.
Almost half of it caused by direct andindirect nitrous oxide emissions (N2O),which has a Global Warming Potential(GWP) of 298 relative to CO2
The level of uncertainties is quite high:
- Direct emissions of N2O depends on temperature, soil structure, the use of fertilizer, water etc.
- Production of fertilizers – no data outside the western hemisphere available
- Land use Change?
- Carbon sequestration by the cotton?
CO2
53%
CH4
2%
N2O
45%
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Manufacture implies an emission-level of 3.0 kg CO2e perfunctional unit
Approx. 2/3 of the carbon emissions are caused by electricity, 1/3 by heating processes
A major part of the electricity is generated on site (gas generators)
High proportion of natural gas as source of energy
Production of a dark longshirt (same size): 3.41 kg CO2e
CO2e-emissions in theproduction spinning –sewing/RMG (excl.transportation)
0.88 kg
0.98 kg1.02 kg
0.12 kg
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
Spinning Knit ting Dyeing RMG
CO
2e
(in
kg
)
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0.87 kg CO2e are being emitted due to distributionprocesses, more than half result from returns
Pick-up customer
0.01 kgReturn by customer
0.01 kg
Transport return
0.29 kg
2nd warehousing
0.05 kg
Delivery
0.28 kg
Warehousing
0.11 kg
2nd pick-up
customer
0.01 kg2nd delivery
0.11 kg
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Consumers can contribute significantly to reduce theProduct Carbon Footprint
0.0 kg
2.0 kg
4.0 kg
6.0 kg
8.0 kg
10.0 kg
12.0 kg
Base scenario: Ø-
Household D
Scenario: permanent
use of dryer and
pressing iron
Ca
rbo
nF
oo
tpri
nt
(in
kg
CO
2e
)
Carbon Footprint for use phase (55 laundries)
Scenario 1: base scenario with shared usage ofdryer and iron according to the statistical average
Scenario 2: permanent usage of dryer and iron aftereach laundry
Washing machine Washing agent
Water supply Dryer
Pressing iron
3.30 kWh0.80 kWhAverage energyconsumption
17%100%Use per wash cycle
4.503.65Mass per loading (in kg)
75%73%Use of loading volume(average)
6 kg5 kgLoading capacity (average)
36%95%Stock Germany
dryerWashingmachine
Assumptions of the carbon footprint calculations for the use phase
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Options for reducing carbon emissions can be identified –example of energy efficient devices
Household devices with an improved levelof energy efficiency may reduce the CarbonFootprint in use phase by one third,compared to the household stock.
The Carbon Footprint in the use-phase isfurther determined by:
Washing temperature
Actual loading of appliances
A washing temperature of 40°C instead of60°C reduces the Carbon Footprint of the use-phase by 45%, 30°C instead of 40°C by 40%.
Washing machine Washing agent
Water supply Dryer
Pressing iron
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In total, three textiles have been evaluated
Long shirt ¾ sleeve, white
100% cotton
Size 40-42
Net weight 222 grams
Cotton from U.S.
Production in Bangladesh
Offered by OTTO
Sweat-jacket with hood, fuchsia
100% cotton (‘Cotton made inAfrica’)
Size 40
Net weight 446 grams
Cotton from Benin
Production in Turkey
Offered by BAUR
Jacket for kids, red 100%Acrylic
Size 152-158
Net weight 266 grams
Acrylic from China
Production in Bangladesh
Offered by OTTO
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Three products - three Footprints – and lots ofinformation
13.67 kg13.42 kg
10.75 kg
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
Long-Shirtwhite
Sweat-Jacketfuchsia
Acrylic ChildrenJacket red
Pro
du
ct
Carb
on
Fo
otp
rin
t(i
nk
gC
O2e
)
Disposal
Use-Phase
Packaging
Catalogue
Distribution
Transportation
Manufacture
Raw Materials
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Energy efficiency and national grid factor reduce thecarbon footprint in manufacture in Turkey
1.07 kg
0.20 kg
2.21 kg
0.24 kg
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Spinning Knitting Dyeing RMG
Carb
on
Fo
otp
rin
t(i
nkg
CO
2e)
40% less GHG-emissions for manufacture compared to the longshirt produced in Bangladesh(mass equivalence)
But 90% more GHG-emissions for dyeing due to: waste water treatment, color intensity,thickness of knit-fabric, energy sources (natural gas + lignite)
Dyeing I: exclusive use of natural gas: 1.43 kg CO2e; exclusive use of lignite: 2.30 kg CO2e
Dyeing II: elasticity of carbon footprint due to volatile production – doubling emissions per output
CO2e-emissions in theproduction spinning - RMG(excl. transportation)
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Cooling and Lighting have a significant quantity ofelectricity consumption in a garment factory
41%
22%
20%
17%
Machinery
Washing Unit
Cooling (fans and AC)
Lighting
Percentage of electrical devices, clustered by electrical load (example garm,ent factory inBangladesh – acrylic jacket)
Analysis of electrical equipment
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Only low reflection of lightby the ceiling
Dark, light absorbingceiling, walls and floors
Too much tubesfor lighting
Main switch instead ofseparate lights switchers
Inadequate reflectors
Tubes with less Wattwould also be appropriate
Use of magnetic ballastsinstead of electronic ones
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Carbon Footprint results in transparency and raisingawareness
Capabilities of the PCF:
Creating Transparency
Identification of Hot-Spots
Determining alternatives
Addressing carbon emissions in the supply chain
Addressing carbon emissions in emerging markets
Awareness Raising
Using for management instruments
Incapabilities of the PCF:
Not an exclusive eco-indicator
No comparison by a CO2-label
No exact, universal result
Linking CO2-emissions with energy costs is a key success factor
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• Are there regulations that may affect my business / -partners?
• What are expectations from our costumers, investors, the public?
• …
Four steps for a systematic approach
1. Orientation
2. Transparency
3. Strategy
4. Implementation
• What is the carbon footprint of my company?
• Where can I find hot-spots for energy consumption?
• How much are the energy costs?
• …
• What measures may reduce the energy consumption?
• What are short-term measures that can be taken immadiately?
• What are my investment costs?
• …
• How can I implement the defined measures in existing processes?
• Who has to do what?
• How shall I communicate these measures?
• …
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July 5th 201009.07.2010Systain Consulting 2009
Systain Consulting GmbH
Norbert Jungmichel
Wandsbeker Str. 13a
22179 Hamburg
T. +49 40 6461 8459
F. +49 40 6461 6666
www.systain.com