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Academic + Finishing Skills Week 2 History of Print Produc<on -‐ An Introduc<on [email protected] BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Finishing Skills Topics for today: Brief History of Print Print Produc<on before computers Ques<onairre BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Finishing Skills – Print History

BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Finishing Skills – History of Print

Today we’ll look at four prin<ng methods -‐ fill in the worksheets as we go. BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Finishing Skills – History of Print

Relief prin<ng: ink lies on a raised surface but not in the grooves, and is transferred to paper by pressure. Woodcut and le*erpress are examples. Substrate: Any surface onto which you can print. Eg. Paper and plas<c. P190 ‘Produc<on for Graphic Designers’ by Allan Pipes, 4yh Edi<on published by Laurence King Publishing BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Type: fonts and type faces. Does anyone know the difference? Lots of wri<ng set into a page is called copy. http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/chinahist/images/print4.jpg BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

http://vclass.mgt.psu.ac.th/~parinya/MM/artlessons/g_romanesque.html http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/oconnog/story/illumman.html BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

hKp://invita<onsbyajalon.com/blog/tag/history-‐of-‐leKerpress/ BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

http://www.loc.gov/rr/asian/collections.html BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Albrecht Durer hKp://mirappraisal.wordpress.com/2010/09/21/the-‐art-‐of-‐collec<ng-‐prints/ BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

“The Great Wave off Kanagawa,” produced by the Japanese ar<st Hokusai in 1832. hKp://www.hlswatch.com/wp-‐content/uploads/2010/05/the_great_wave_off_kanagawa1.jpg BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

hKp://media.thethousands.com.au/media_versions/2012/11/14/02/15/03/188/3tshop355HungryWorkshop03.jpg BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Beci Orpin / Hungry Workshop hKp://papercrave.com/2012-‐valen<ne%E2%80%99s-‐day-‐cards-‐part-‐4/ BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Linotype: a type sehng machine that can cast a line of type line o’type (or slug) in one opera<on. http://blass.com.au/definitions/typesetting%20machine. http://textblock.blogspot.com/2008/11/linotype-machine.html BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Monotype: a type sehng machine that casts single leKers of metal type BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Intaglio prin6ng process: Images are scratched into a surface where the ink remains. The image is printed onto damp paper under pressure. Plates were first copper then steel and the etching was first done by sharp instruments then acid. Engraving, mezzo6nt and etching are examples. P190 ‘Production for Graphic Designers’ by Allan Pipes, 4yh Edition published by Laurence King Publishing


hKp://www.aboriginalartprints.com.au/printmaking_techniques.php?printmaking_id=1BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

hKp://www.aboriginalartprints.com.au/printmaking_techniques.php?printmaking_id=1 BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

hKp://www.janicesheehan.com/prin<nganetching.html BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Planographic prin6ng process: is based on the principle that oil and water do not mix. It is a versa<le process that all happens on a flat surface. Plates were first stone then metal. Offset lithography (litho) is an example. Greasy ink is transferred from a dampened plate onto a rubber or plas<c blanket and then to paper. P190 ‘Produc<on for Graphic Designers’ by Allan Pipes, 4yh Edi<on published by Laurence King Publishing BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Plate: a metal or plas<c sheet with photo sensi<ve face onto which an image is chemically etched changing the characteris<cs of the surface or cuhng below the surface. Blanket: the intermediate rubber roller on an off-‐set lithography press which transfers the image from the plate to the paper. hKp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_prin<ng BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Offset Lithography hKp://a-‐mushtaq1114-‐dc.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/offset-‐lithography.html BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Offset Lithography: Offset Printers are commercial prin<ng machines, that can either be called “Web Offset” or “Sheet-‐fed Offset” depending on the source of paper that they use.


Web Offset Lithography: Is a form of offset prin<ng in which a con6nuous roll of paper is fed through the prin<ng press. Pages are separated and cut to size aDer they have been printed. Web offset prin<ng is used for high-‐volume publica<ons such as mass-‐market books, magazines, newspapers, catalogs and brochures. There are two methods of web offset prin<ng, known as heatset and coldset. BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Heatset Web offset prin<ng is a prin<ng process in which ink is dried rapidly by forced-‐air hea<ng. BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Coldset Web offset prin<ng is a web offset prin<ng process in which ink is allowed to dry naturally through evapora<on and absorp<on.


(Is this a “sheet fed” or a “web offset” printer?) BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Sheet-‐fed offset prin<ng is a method in which individual pages of paper are fed into the machine, as opposed to con<nuous rolls of paper used on web presses. Sheet-‐fed presses come in different sizes. BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Quick printers oqen use the small presses which print on leKer size pages. BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

The larger commercial sheet-‐fed presses handle much larger sheets of paper. Sheet-‐fed presses can also print on cardstock, plas<cs, metal, and other substrates. BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Offset Lithography – 4 colour hhKp://www.plaintalkprint.com/ar<cles/prin<ng-‐technologies.htm BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Offset Lithography – spot colour hhKp://www.plaintalkprint.com/ar<cles/prin<ng-‐technologies.htm BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Computer to plate

Digital Offset Prin<ng involves Computer-‐to-‐plate (CTP) a technology that allows the imaging of metal or polyester plates without the use of film (which was a more labour intensive process). Most CTP systems use thermal imaging, though some use violet light based systems. hKp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_to_plate BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Screen prin6ng process: a stencil is supported on a mesh or screen; ink is forced through the open mesh but is prevented from mee<ng the non-‐image areas of the paper by a stencil.

Silk screen prin6ng is an example. P190 ‘Produc<on for Graphic Designers’ by Allan Pipes, 4yh Edi<on published by Laurence King Publishing BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Silk screen prin6ng hKp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_prin<ng BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Digital prin6ng Commercial Digital Print was introduced c. 1993. Instead of prin<ng to metal plates, the E-‐Print created a latent image on the Photo Imaging Plate (PIP) through the use of an elecrosta<c charge. This charged area would then aKract the charged ElectroInk, which would in turn be transferred to the ITM or blanket, and then again transfer from the blanket to the paper or other substrate. Because 100% of the ink transfers from PIP to blanket to substrate, a different image and color could be printed with each rota<on of the press. BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Commercial Digital prin6ng hKp://www.erawanet.com/images/hp_series2000.jpg BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Commercial Digital prin6ng

Depending on the system, a commercial digital printer can either use liquid ink or dry toner. hKp://www.colorprin<ngforum.com/indigo-‐digital-‐press/hp-‐indigo-‐vs-‐konica-‐minolta-‐biz-‐hub-‐pro-‐1012.html


Commercial Digital prin6ng HP Indigo 7600 Digital Press: hKp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqOYlnyGBs4 hKp://www.colorprin<ngforum.com/indigo-‐digital-‐press/hp-‐indigo-‐vs-‐konica-‐minolta-‐biz-‐hub-‐pro-‐1012.html BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Digital prin6ng

Digital prin<ng allows for “Print on Demand” (POD) delivery, elimina<ng the need to print hundreds or thousands of objects before going to market.

hKp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_prin<ng BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Digital prin6ng

Objects that are commonly used in POD projects include books and t-‐shirts / apparel.


Digital prin6ng

This POD unit has two printers as well as a collator and a binder. A book can be produced within 5 – 20 minutes, depending on the number of pages. hKp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Print_on_Demand BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Digital prin6ng

Internet based companies such as Red Bubble allow for one-‐off tshirts to be produced to quality standards similar to screen prin<ng. hKp://www.redbubble.com/people/redbubble/journal/4104873-‐product-‐review-‐the-‐t-‐shirt


What do you think are the advantages of Digital vs. the other methods of prin<ng men<oned? What are the disadvantages?


Advantages of Digital Shorter turnaround. More accuracy, less waste and fewer varia<ons. Cheaper low volume prin6ng. While the unit cost of each piece may be higher than with offset prin<ng, when setup costs are included digital prin<ng provides lower per unit costs for very small print runs. Customisable -‐ Text and graphics can be changed on each piece without stopping or slowing down the press. For example, personalized leKers can be printed with a different name and address on each leKer BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Advantages of Tradi6onal Offset High image quality. Works on a wide range of substrates including paper, wood, cloth, metal, leather, rough paper and plas<c. Cheaper for large quan66es While today’s digital presses are close to the cost/benefit ra<o of offset for high quality work, they are not yet able to compete with the volume an offset press can produce. Many modern offset presses use computer-‐to-‐plate systems as opposed to the older computer-‐to-‐film work flows, further increasing quality. BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Finishing Skills – Print History B.C – Before computers BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Finishing Skills – Print History BBCD Melbourne BAPDCOM Version 1 -‐ October, 2012 hKp://bbcdcomdes.weebly.com/

Homework Make sure you have completed the work sheets:

Print History Ques6onairre, p. 1-‐3


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