academic writing i
DESCRIPTION
Academic Writing ITRANSCRIPT
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Academic Writing IIntro to Paragraph Writing
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What for?
University purposes English Proficiency Test Scholarship Research Write a book (non-fiction)
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How to Begin?
Writing Foundatio
n
•Shorter•Longer•Book
Planning •Note Making•Paraphrasing•Combining source
Writing •Organizing Paragraph•Proof Reading
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Writing Foundation
Text Organizati
on
Shorter
Text
Longer Text
Book
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Shorter Text
Introduction
Main Body
Conclusion
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Longer Text
Abstract Contents Introduction Main Body
Case Study
Discussion Findings Conclusio
n
Acknowledgements
Bibliography/
ReferencesAppendic
es
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Book
It may contain, the same content with long text except:
Dedication
Foreword
Preface Index
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Text Features
Abbreviations are often used to save space:
Call centres (CCs) feature prominently in the technology mix . . .
Italics are used to show titles and words from other languages:
Where once the titles of Armchair Theatre and The Wednesday Play celebrated . . .
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Footnotes are used to indicate references at the bottom of the page:
In respect of Singapore the consensus is that the government has made a difference.3
Endnotes are given to show references at the end of the article or chapter:
The market for masonry construction may be divided into housing and non-housing sectors [1].
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Quotation marks are used to draw attention to a phrase, perhaps because it is being used in an unusual or new way:
The research shows that the ‘pains of imprisonment’ for women are . . .
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Planning
The process of writing essays for coursework can be shown as aflowchart:
Understand essay title/requirements Assess reading texts – choose most suitable Select relevant areas of texts – keep record for references Make notes on relevant areas, using paraphrasing and
summarising skills Combine a variety of sources where necessary Select suitable structure for essay – make plan Organize and write main body Organize and write introduction Organize and write conclusion Critically read and rewrite where necessary Final proof-reading
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What to write!
Ideas into word! Words into sentence Sentences into paragraph Paragraphs into Chapter
And our enemy is how to start!