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INTEGRATED SECURITY SYSTEM(INDIAN NORTHERN RAILWAY)

SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

SUBMITTED BY:

ABHISHT YADAV

7th

Semester

Applied Electronics AndInstrumentation

0803335002

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INDEX

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

CCTV SYSTEM

ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

PERSONAL AND LUGGAGE SCREENINGSYSTEM

BOMB DETECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM

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SYSTEM INTEGRATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our Gratitude to all those who gave usthe opportunity to complete the training with this report. We

would also like to thank THE DEPARTMENT OF

INTEGRATED SECURITY SYSTEMof THE NORTHERN

RAILWAYS for giving us permission to commence this

summer training. We would further show our great regards to

our Head guide MR. AVINASH SIR who confirmed this

permission and encouraged us to go ahead with our report.

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Integrated Security System (ISS)

Integrated security systems (ISS) is a complex of technical means

designed for construction of security and fire alarm systems, controlling

system for fire-protection automation, television monitoring, access

monitor and control. All these technical means possess the technical,

informational, and operational compatibility and connected by a single

control program (data collection and processing system).

Integrated Security Systems (ISS) include the following sub-systems:

CCTV SYSTEM

PERSONAL AND LUGGAGE SCREENIMNG SYSTEM


BOMB DETECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM

SYSTEM INTEGRATION

All the subsystems are integrated into a single complex system,

providing the security personnel with the information necessary for the

operational decision in an alarm situation.

Stages of Implementation:

Technical examination of an object,

Development and design of an integrated security system or one of the

systems (at customer's request),

Project approval,

Installation of mechanical and electronic components of equipment,

Run of the software,

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Joint start-up operations,

Integrated test,

Equipment training of personnel.

CCTV SYSTEMS

CCMS1315-LP 1.3 Megapixel MJPEG / MPEG-4,Day/Night IP Streaming Box Camera

FEATURES:

Mechanical IR cut filterSimultaneous MPEG4 encodingStandardized protocolsSimultaneous video transmission of up to 5

independent cropping windows (MJPEG), freely

configurable in size and position

Integrated web server

Activity (motion) detection and event email notificationBidirectional audio with integrated microphone2GB SD card support for local picture storageCVBS video control output (BNC, alternatively selectable by

switch)

Power over Ethernet (PoE)

MJPEG / MPEG4 Compression

The cameras support both common video compression standards

MJPEG and MPEG4. Usage of standardized protocols enables streaming

/ recording with existing Siemens SISTORE DVRs SISTORE MX /

MX NVR / MX NVS (starting from Version 2.80). The cameras provide

one MJPEG encoded video stream with a resolution up to SXGA (1280

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x 960) and a second stream that is MPEG4 encoded with a resolution up

to VGA (640 x 480).

CFMC1315-LP - 1.3 Megapixel MJPEG / MPEG-4IP

Streaming Color Fix dome Camera

FEATURES:

Simultaneous MJPEG and MPEG4 encoding Integrated megapixel AI lens: 3.0 9 mm, F1.2 Standardized protocols Simultaneous video transmission of up to 5 independent cropping

windows(MJPEG), freely configurable in size and position

Integrated Web server Activity (motion) detection and event email notification Bidirectional audio with integrated microphone 2-GB SD card support for local picture storage Power over Ethernet (PoE)

Windows Media Single Channel Encoder 9190-4200-

100

Applications:

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Live executive broadcasts ,training sessions

Live event broadcasting

Distance learning

Surveillance and process monitoringDigital signage

Features:

Low delay

Multi Bit Rate (MBR) encoding

High video quality at low bit rates

Excellent for one-way video communications over LANs, WANs, & Internet

4 : 3 or 16 : 9 aspect ratio & Supports both NTSC and PAL video formats Wide range of video resolutions, frame rates, and bit rates

Industry-leading reliability and flexibility

Intelligent networking feature set

Dual serial ports for maintenance and data transport / camera control

Encodes, multicasts, serves, reflects, pushes, and records

Wireless Transmitter/Receiver Unit

Wireless Audio/Video Transmitter Kit with IR Remote Control

Extender:

This wireless A/V transmitter also has a built-in remote control sender. We can

take the remote control to the bedroom and still be able to control your cable box,

satellite or DVD player downstairs. Users can directly control what they are

watching on the remote TV monitor just as easily as if the audio video source were

directly connected to remote TV display.

High Resolution Large Video Display Unit:

This display unit shall be used for displaying multiple cameras in conjunction with

viewing workstation. One such display unit should display minimum 16 cameras

on a single unit. Selection of these cameras shall be as per software specifications

like Video display unit shall be LCD/ Plasma type. Color LCD monitors shall be

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high performance, high resolution color display monitor with 20 viewable picturearea and multi-standard compatibility.

Digital Keyboard: The digital keyboard should be fully functional,multipurpose keyboard used for system control and programming. Keyboard

should include an integral variable speed pan/tilt/ zoom joystick and shall be able

to select any camera and display it on any monitor. Keyboard should control

multiple P/T/Z cameras at the same time. Keyboard should be with user-friendly

menu displayed on LCD with dynamic menu and easy to read display.

PC Workstation for Viewing, Monitoring and System Management

The PC workstation for viewing, monitoring and management shall be able to providehigh graphics display with DVD-Drive, USB/ PS/2 mouse and cables.

CABLES

Connectivity Cable Type

IP Cameras to Field

Switch

CAT 6 STP Cable (up to distance of 90 meters)

or single mode fiber with required media

Converters.Analog Camera to Video

Encoder

RG 11 Cable (up to distance of 350 meters),

(for existing analog camera)

Video Encoder to Field

Switch/ Central Switch

CAT 6 STP Cable (up to distance of 90meters);

6 core optic fiber cable, SMF, 9/125, 1000

Mbps (from 90 meter up to distance of 2.5 Km)Data Cable (Camera to

Encoder) for PTZ Camera

Two core 16/0.2 mm twin twisted copper

conductor PVC insulated screened data cable

(for existing analog camera)

Field Switch to Central Switch CAT 6 STP Cable (up to distance of 90meters); 6 core optic fiber cable, SMF, 9/125,1000

Mbps (from 90 meter up to distance of 2.5 Km)

Copper conductor Power

Cable

3 Core * 2.5 sq mm copper conductor power

cable for power supplyCentral Switch to each CAT 6 STP cable (up to distance of 90 meters)

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central control equipment

(Server, Workstation,

Storage Device etc.)


Introduction

The specification ofAccess Control System covers the technical specification

and requirements of Under Vehicle Inspection System comprising of the camera,lighting assembly & housing, activation sensors, traffic lights, analysis software,

suitable computer system with sufficient data storage capacity.

The scope of this specification also covers the integration of this system to

auxiliary camera systems including those for hard-to-view areas of the underside,

license plate capture & recognition and driver image capture & retrieval.

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The Under Vehicle Inspection System shall be able to record the undercarriageimages of vehicles in motion without requiring to be fully stopped and display

these as a composite & high resolution image on the monitor(s). The system

should be able to take into consideration the different heights of the

undercarriage (truck/car), widths and the lengths of the vehicles as they pass

over the system.

The system should also comprise additional auxiliary camera system to capture

videos of hard to image areas of the underside. The system should be integrated to

a license plate recognition system suitable for a wide range offonts type & sizesgenerally found in average Indian license plates. The database with sufficientaccuracy level. If the system fails to read the license plate number due to any

reason, there should be provision to enter this manually.

In addition, there shall be another camera system to capture the image of the

driver of the vehicle and assign the image to the records of the license number

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and under vehicle image. The system shall have enough storage to be able to

record undercarriage, number plate, driver images and auxiliary videos, in the

database for a period of 30 days. The capacity of storage should be calculated

considering the number of vehicle at a station.

TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

The Under Vehicle Inspection System for all type of railway stations and other

premises should mainly consist of the following:

Main Inspection Unit

Traffic Light and Sensors to switch Surveillance Unit

Computer System ( Work Station )

License Plate Recognition System Driver Image Capture System

Auxiliary Camera System for hard-to-view areas of vehicle underside

Pit air-conditioning system for protection against severe ambient heat

Depending on the site conditions, inspection systems should be placed at the

entrances of the railway station premises and other areas in such a manner that

all vehicles are inspected before they are allowed to enter the area, irrespective

of whether the vehicle is going to the parking lot or to offload the passengers and

their luggage.

The Driver Image Capture system should be installed so as to capture an image

of the driver and front passenger of suitable quality for later analysis and

Identification. The Computer System and the Display Monitor should be located in

the operator cabin by the side of the entrance. The connecting cables from the

inspection unit, license plate recognition system, driver image capture system &

auxiliary camera unit to the workstation and from the traffic light to the computer

unit should be armored and suitable for heavy duty outdoor applications and

should be protected suitably by conduits and/or buried.

The Under Vehicle Inspection System should be rugged and able to withstand

the weight and vibration of standard vehicles up to a total vehicle load of 40 tons.

The vendor shall specify the type of guidance system and paving required to

have the vehicle correctly pass over the unit while avoiding direct contact.

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The Under Vehicle Inspection System should be able to operate without any

problems in the range 0-50 degree C and humidity of 95% RH non- condensing. A

suitable pit air-conditioning system should be provided to protect the system

against severe ambient temperature & heat during the peak summer seasons.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Inspection Unit

The inspection unit including camera and lighting shall be placed together in a

protective housing. The system shall have a high resolution CCD type line-scan

camera which should record the composite image of the vehicle undercarriage.

The Under Vehicle Inspection System shall ensure suitable & uniform illuminationof the undercarriage for a quality picture.

The inspection unit shall work on 230V AC voltage/ 24V AC/12V DC. However,

the power supply available at the stations shall be 230 V / 50 Hz AC which may

vary from 160 Volts to 270 Volts. The system should work using this power

supply only with requisite converter & voltage stabilizer of suitable capacity, if

required.

The inspection unit shall meet the following minimum technical requirements:

A. Camera Specification

Type of Camera : High Resolution Colour Linear CCD

Camera Scanning : Colour Digital Line Scan

Camera Resolution : 4000 Pixels (Minimum)

Temperature Range : 0 C to +50 C

Humidity : No limitation

Approval : UL/EN/VDS/CE

Video Output : Real Time

B. Vehicle Parameters

Minimum Speed : 20 Kilometers per hour

Maximum Length : 25 meters

Maximum Width : 2.80 meters

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Vehicle Height from ground : Up to 60 Centimeters

Precision Accuracy : 3 Millimeters

Maximum Load : 40 Tones

Image Composing : Instantaneous, within 2 second

Traffic Light and Sensors

A photo sensor shall automatically initiate the registration procedure. In order to

ensure an efficient vehicle checkpoint, an integrated traffic light shall stop

vehicles for the time it takes for a vehicle to be processed.

It should also be possible to connect this workstation to a printer to take print

out, if required. The system shall have a minimum of 500 Gigabyte of hard disk

space to store to the under carriage images and videos on a rolling FIFO (First InFirst Out) basis. The workstation shall be able to provide high graphics display

with DVD-Drive, USB/ PS2 mouse and keyboard.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

The system software shall process the images from the camera into a single

complete view of the undercarriage and display it on the monitor with date, time

and the license plate number/ image of the driver. The images should appear

almost instantaneously in less than 2 second, whereas for the automatic foreignobject detection process to complete, 3-4 seconds maximum should be the delay

to register, compare, and display the image of a mid-size car. The image shall be

enlarged if the operator suspects a foreign object or anomaly in the undercarriage.

Operator shall be able to zoom into the suspected area and look more closely

before taking further action. The system should enable a user to access history as

well as allow the user to control the peripheral devices of the system, such as

traffic lights and any connected barriers appropriate data from the license plate

recognition system. All data shall be stored in an SQL or equivalent database with

a minimum capacity of 30 days.

The software shall provide high resolution image composition for improved and

easier observation of the complete undercarriage image irrespective of the size

of the vehicle. The underside of the vehicle should be displayed as a single

composite picture without any obstruction, with an automatic adjustment of

brightness & contrast for the best suited human-eye view.

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It is planned that no vehicle will be required to fully stop for getting scanned; the

software should be able to capture images of a moving vehicle upto the speed of

minimum 20 Km per hour. The undistorted picture of the undercarriage should be

displayed regardless of the variations in speed over the inspection unit.

If an unsatisfactory or partial image is captured then the system should create an

alarm and the signal & barrier (if provided) should signal the vehicle to halt.

It should be possible for the software to automatically compare pictures and

analyze for changes in the underside of the vehicle, since the last scanned

image, if available in the storage device. Maximum analysis time should not be

longer than 5 seconds depending on the vehicle. The software should be able to

do an automatic comparison of the current image and last composite image of

the underside for the same vehicle or a pre-stored image of the same make

vehicle identified by the software through a type-detection method. The vehicleshould be identified by its license plate number and the software should highlight

the abnormalities if any, in the two images. Apart from this automatic

comparison, there should be a provision for the user to visually compare the

current image with a recorded image or images.

The system software should have the features of intelligent abnormality and

foreign object detection which should be highlighted to the user. Real time

images and templates can be zoomed in simultaneously for a detailed

examination.

The software shall provide for an entry/exit log of the vehicles sorted by license

plate number. The system should be capable of storing and retrieving this

information in the data base and to export it to any back-up storage media and

should also generate print/reports archiving and recording on CD/DVDs on daily,

weekly and any other desired basis for post event analysis of the information

stored.

The system should be remotely operable for remote monitoring, control and

maintenance. There should be no constraints on the location of the operatorcontrol room in terms of the physical distance from the inspection unit.

It should be possible to network all under vehicle inspection systems of a station

or a section as specified by purchaser. It should be possible to store database of

all such systems on a storage device at centralized location other than the

location of inspection units for further analysis and as disaster recovery.

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be capable of storing images which can be retrieved from a USB port using an

external drive.

X Ray Baggage Screening System which is networkable shall be provided, if

specified by purchaser.

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

X Ray Baggage Screening System to be provided at stations and other railways

installations shall consist of X ray machine, operator control console with

suitable controls, stainless steel roller tables on entry side and exit side, LCD

colour monitor, power cable, Combined Test Piece (CTP), Threat Image

Projection (TIP) software, network supervisory workstation (optional) etc.

The tunnel size of machine should conform to the purpose for which machine isused and shall be as specified by purchaser. Commonly available minimum

tunnel sizes are 600mm x 400mm, 1000mm x 1000mm and 1450mm x

1650mm.

The X ray baggage screening system should enable the operator/supervisor to

perform all related tasks for screening & monitoring of objects.

TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

X Ray Baggage Screening System for all type of stations should mainly consist

of the following:

X Ray System

Operator Control & Display Console

Entry/Exit Roller Table

Network Supervisory Workstation (incase baggage screening systems are

required to function in network mode)

X Ray machines should preferably be provided at entrance/exit points,

platforms, etc. or any other locations as decided by purchaser.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

The x-ray machine shall have the following

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minimum technical specifications and features for imaging:Resolution : Single uninsulated tinned copper wire of 40SWG

Steel Penetration: 26 mm thickness of steel or more

Video Resolution: 1024 x 768 pixels or better

Video Display: 17 LCD high-resolution, flicker-free displayComputer Processor: Intel Pentium

The conveyor of the X ray baggage system with minimum tunnel sizes of 600

mm (width) x 400 mm (height), 1000 mm (width) x 1000 mm (height) and 1450

mm (width) x 1650 mm (height) shall be capable of carrying baggage weighing

up to 100 Kg, 150 Kg & 1500 Kg respectively.

Operator Control Console:Operator interface shall provide a simple, flexible and powerful means for operator

to control the system and make maximum use of imaging information.

Entry/Exit Roller Table:Two stainless steel roller tables shall be provided with each system, one at the

entry side and other at the exit side. Each roller table shall be of at least 1 meter

length.

Combined Test Piece (CTP):Each system shall have a Combined Test Piece (CTP) for testing the steel

penetration, wire resolution, organic, inorganic & metal discrimination of the

machine.

Network Supervisory Workstation (NSW):Network Supervisory Workstation shall be provided at a centralized location

incase baggage screening systems are required to function in network mode.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Image Management Software:It shall offer a complete X ray image analysis solution that shall be pre-installed

in the systems computer.

Threat Image Projection (TIP) Software:

Visual alerts to the operator in case of a threat or high density object. Operator logs

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Date, time and operator ID. Entire toolbar shall be available on the

screen/keyboard for the operator to select and use required icon of the image

analysis feature.

Image Library & Time Interval:

The TIP facility should have an image library containing at least 100

explosive devices, 100 knives and 100 firearms in various sizes,

shapes, locations & orientations.

BOMB DETECTION AND DISPOSALSYSTEM

Real Time Viewing System, Model : RE 650 RTVS

The RE 650 Real Time Viewing System is designed to enable instant viewing of

X Ray shots on location with an easy to use man-portable set of equipment.

The RTVS can be used with a variety of portable X Ray generators such as the

Golden Engineering model XR 200 which makes a particularly suitable

combination. The digital signal processing unit within the electronics features a

frame grabber which enables the capture of a frame of video, each time the

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system is activated. Up to four frames can be held, individually manipulated and

stored. Manipulation features include zoom, enhance, pseudo-3D, object

measurement and split screen to four windows.

The RTVS comprises two principal modules, the Command and Display Unit -CDU, shown in the picture above, and the Video Camera Unit - VCU, shown

overleaf with the CDU. The CDU features a separate cable reel with Y

connectors to couple to the VCU and the X Ray source. The CDU provides

power and video link to the VCU and they command link to the X Ray source.

The CDU is powered by its integral 12 Volt DC 9AH battery. It can also be

powered by the supplied 110-240 Volt AC transformer or a 10-30 Volt DC

external source. Cable assemblies are provided to link external power sources.

The CDU also features a Video line out socket on the front panel to facilitate theconnection of peripheral equipment such as a Video Recorder for down loading

and storing images.

BOMB DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT

Telescopic Manipulator:

Supreme quality of Telescopic

Manipulator as to provide complete

solution of security equipments to several

organizations throughout world.

Salient features and specifications: It has a minimum length of 4.5 meters

when fully extended (Three rod systems).

It has weight not more than 20 kg

when assembled and ready for use(excluding Tripod).

It has a comfortable shoulder strap

with adjustable sleeve for operator to wear

and handle it.

It provides a standoff distance of
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minimum 4 meters from the claw.

It is able to handle/ lift up to 20 kgs of

weight when fully extended with Tripod as

standard feature.

The claw is adjustable and open to a

minimum of 175 mm. It is also able to

pickup soft objects i.e.

The telescopic manipulator is having

a breakaway tip arrangement, so that in

case of a possible

Explosion, only the tip is damaged

and reduces the recoil effect almost too nil.

The rechargeable battery pack power

source lasts for a minimum of 120 minutes

of continuous operation time. The equipment is to be provided with

only one set rechargeable batteries and

charger.

The equipment will be able to

function at extreme ranges of temperature

i.e., - 20 degree C to +50 degree C.

The electronic components are water

proof.

Telescopic Manipulator

Used for various small and large scale

industries are designed as to complete the

demand of security gates in various

industries. These Telescopic Manipulators

are available in various specifications along

with LCD display. These are quite efficient

for complete security.

The equipment is collapsed state will be

small and wheel portable in a Pelican

carrying case.

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Remote Operated Vehicle:

Remote Operated vehicle that are used inseveral organizations. These are

manufactured using high quality of raw

material and latest technology

equipments and are widely demanded

because of their excellent surveillance and

performance. We trade these Remote

Operated vehicles in various small and

large scale industries of automobile,

construction and many more at

reasonable prices.

Salient features and specifications: After series of improvement and

upgrades Model Rover MARK II is

launched after Rover MARK I.

Rover MARK II can be used as mine

clearance vehicle with ability to carry

cameras, weapons, disruptors, sensitivemanipulators, X-Ray Mounts, Chargers

dropper etc for the bomb detection and

disposal squad.

Recent development has brought high

retention track system which makes the

vehicle second to none in its terrain

capability.

Rover MARK II has a manipulating

arm with cameras fitted to guide the vehicle

in operation. The whole movement can be

viewed from a distance either through cable

or radio control or fiber optic control.

Rover MARK II has track geometry

such that it can rotate at it place.

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Bomb Trolley & Truck:

Bomb Trolley & Truck that is used for

disposing bombs or explosives. These are

available in various specifications. We

trade these Bomb Trolley &

Trucks in various parts of the world at

competitive market prices to several

organizations.

Salient features and specifications:

Blast bin has capacity to with stand

minimum 1.25 kg of TNT or equivalent

quantity of explosive.

The blast bin has a net of suitable

material to suspend the suspected object.

The minimum size of the blast bin is3 ft X 2 ft (dia).

The blast bin installed on the trailer

must operate with wired from a distance of

50m for tilt and stand operation for easy

dropping

The Bomb Trailer has blast proof

platform with good road clearance.

The Bomb Trailer has 4 tubeless tires,

good shock absorbing arrangement for jerk

less traveling along with toeing facility. The robotic arm has the capability for

putting the suspected object in the blast bin

installed in the trailer, with adequate

capability to swivel in all directions.

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Bomb Blanket:

These Bomb Blankets to fulfill the demand

of night vigilance security equipments.

These are available in severalspecifications. We trade these Bomb

Blankets as per the specification of clients.

These are having high tensile strength and

excellent functionality.

Salient features and specifications: Bomb blanket is made up of Kevlar

Armed fabric to with stand F3 Level of

protection V50 at 450 m/sec.

It comes along with safety circle tominimize the impact.

The Bomb Blanket consists of a nylon

web loop near the 4 corners.

In high magnitude explosion the

blanket rises to a parachute configuration

while the sides drop to contain blast.

Rsp Tool Kit:

Rsp Tool Kit that is available in various

specifications. These Rsp Tool Kits are

designed with latest technology and

are used in several Industries for night

vigilance. These Rsp Tool Kits have salient

features like high tensile strength, high

focus, corrosion resistance and high

durability.Tools and specifications:1.Doctor's Stethoscope.

2.Scissors 6",7"8"

3.Dental Mirror 6",10".

4.Arty Forceps 6",7",8",9".

5.Led Torch Two Pencil cell.etc..

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Water Cannon:

Supreme quality of Water Cannonto fulfill the demand of security

equipments. These are having high

performance, tensile strength with

supreme durability.

GUN ROBOT/MINI ROV:

Gun Robot/Mini Rov that is available in

various sizes. These are provided withaccurate specification and are used in

several Industries for detection of metal

items during security checks. This Gun

Robot/Mini Rov has salient features like

high tensile strength, excellent

performance, corrosion resistance and high

durability.

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PORTBLE HAND HELD TRACE DETECTOR SYSTEM

MULTI-MODE THREAT DETECTOR

Feature Highlights

Rugged hand-held detector that identifies of explosives, narcotics,toxic industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agents in one system

Simultaneous detection and identification of explosives and narcotics

from a single sample

Proprietary scan sequencing to detect conventional and home-made

explosives

Truncated alarm for faster clear down

Additional Highlights:

Remote, unattended operation capability with Wi-Fi/Ethernet Intuitive, easy to use interface using a Windows CE based platform

Unlimited data storage via SD memory card

Up to 5 hours of uninterrupted operation with hot-swappable battery

Integrated USB

Four operating modes are available, including a dual mode setting for

simultaneous detection of explosives and narcotics from one sample. Operators can

also quickly switch between particle or vapor analysis methods to utilize the best

method for detecting the suspected threat.Other features include up tofive hours of uninterrupted operation with the two hot

swappable batteries (included); remote, unattended operation for one or more units

with alarm and status information reported to Command & Control via Wi-

Fi/Ethernet; unlimited data storage via SD card; and USB port for exporting

results. The included software allows advanced operators to perform more in-depth

data analyses andprint results via network connection.

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Specifications

Technology Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS)

Radiation Source 63Ni, sealed 15 mCi

Sample Collection Trace Particle and Vapor

Operating Modes Simultaneous Explosives/Narcotics, Explosives only,Narcotics only, Chemical Warfare Agents/Toxic Industrial

Chemicals

Explosives Detected RDX, PETN, TNT, TATP, NG, H202, EGDN and others

Narcotics Detected Cocaine, Heroin, Methamphetamine (including

precursors), THC and others

CWAs Nerve and blister agents such as Tabun, Sarin, Soman,

Cyclosarin, Agent VX and VxTICs Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN), Phosgene, S02, NH3 and

others

Sensitivity Particle: low nanogram (ng) range. Vapor: low parts per

million (ppm) range

False Alarm Rate Less than 1%

Programmable

Channels

Over 40

Input Power 90-264VAC, 1.6A, 47-63Hz

Warm up Time Less than 10 minutes

Analysis Time Less than 10 seconds

Battery Operating Time 5 hours (with two 2.5 hour hot-swap batteries included)

Alarm Type Audio and visual, with substance identification

Display 3.5 Color TFT LCD

Data Storage 2 GB SD card included

Dimensions 48,3 x 21,6 x 20,3 cm (19 x 8.5 x 8)

Weight 5 kg (11 lbs.), including 2.5 hour hot swap battery

Operating TemperatureRange

-7C to + 55C (20F to 131F)

Operating Humidity 0 to 95% non-condensing

Hardened

Specifications

1 meter (3) drop to concrete, ability to operate in sand,

rain, wind conditions. (IP54 operating, IP53 vaporsampling)

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The jacket material is application specific. The material determines the

mechanical robustness, aging due to UV radiation, oil resistance, etc.

Nowadays PVC is being replaced by halogen free alternatives, mainly

driven by more stringent regulations.

MaterialHalogen-

free

UV

ResistanceRemark

LSFH Polymer Yes Good[4] Good for indoor use

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) No Good[5]

Being replaced by LSFHPolymer

Polyethylene (PE) Yes Poor[6][7][8]Good for outdoor

applications

Polyurethane (PUR) Yes ? Highly flexible cables

Polybutylene terephthalate

(PBT)Yes Fair?

[9] Good for indoor use

Polyamide (PA) Yes Good[10]

-Poor[11]

Indoor and outdoor use

Buffer/jacket

colorMeaning

Yellow single-mode optical fiber

Orange multi-mode optical fiber

Aqua10 gig laser-optimized 50/125 micrometer multi-mode opticalfiber

Grey outdated color code for multi-mode optical fiber

Blue Sometimes used to designate polarization-maintaining opticalfiber
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_smoke_zero_halogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybutylene_terephthalatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-mode_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-mode_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-mode_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-maintaining_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-maintaining_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Optical_breakout_cable.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-maintaining_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-maintaining_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-mode_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-mode_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-mode_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybutylene_terephthalatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_smoke_zero_halogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Optical_breakout_cable.jpg

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POWER SUPPLY CONNECTORS

Wires and connectors are not perfect conductors. They have resistance. When currentpasses through wires and connectors there is a voltage drop and that energy is lost as

heat. As long as you don't overload them the voltage drop and extra heat don't matter. But

the losses get worse as the current rises. The resistance of connectors tends to increase asthey are plugged and unplugged so after enough uses they can overheat and even meltwhen passing a large current. So a lot of changes in connectors over time has to do with

adding more wires and connectors to make sure that none of these problems occur.

Power connectors included with various kinds of PCs

Version Introduction date Included connectors

PC 1981original PC main power cables

4 pin peripheral cable

ATX 1995 20 pin main power cable4 pin peripheral cable

floppy cable

ATX12V 1.0 2000

20 pin main power cable

4 pin 12 volt cable6 pin auxiliary cable


floppy cable

ATX12V 1.3 2003


4 pin 12 volt cable6 pin auxiliary cable

SATA cable

4 pin peripheral cablefloppy cable

ATX12V 2.0 2003


4 pin 12 volt cable

6 Pin PCI Express power cableSATA cable


floppy cable

EPS12V 2003


8 pin 12 volt cable6 Pin PCI Express power cable

SATA cable

4 pin peripheral cablefloppy cable
http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#oldpchttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain20http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain20http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atx12v4http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#auxhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain20http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atx12v4http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#auxhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#satahttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain24http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atx12v4http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#pciexpresshttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#satahttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain24http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#eps8http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#pciexpresshttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#satahttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#satahttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#pciexpresshttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#eps8http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain24http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#satahttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#pciexpresshttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atx12v4http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain24http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#satahttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#auxhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atx12v4http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain20http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#auxhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atx12v4http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain20http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain20http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#oldpc

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