abstracts - agme 2017agme2017.org/images/abstracts-book-19-eylul-2017.pdf · influences of airflow...

2

ABSTRACTS

AGME-2017

13th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MECHANIZATION AND

ENERGY IN AGRICULTURE

&

INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE

SEPTEMBER 13 - 15, 2017

İzmir, TURKEY

EU Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agricultural Machinery

and Technologies Engineering

Agricultural Machinery

Association

AGME 2017

13th

International Congress on Mechanization and Energy in Agriculture & International Workshop on

Precision Agriculture, September 13 - 15, 2017 Izmir, TURKEY

1

Dear Participants,

During the 13th Internatıonal Congress on Mechanızatıon and Energy in Agrıculture &

Internatıonal Workshop on Precısıon Agrıculture Congress, we had an opportunity to hear studies and

Researches conducted in the field of Agricultural Mechanization & Energy. 60 Oral and 24 Poster

which totals 84 presentations were discussed during our congress. We believe that there are very

important results can be withdrawn from these papers. For sure, these results will guide us to shape

our next scientific studies.

We believe that agricultural machinery community which carried on nonstop national and

international meetings for over 40 years, will continue to hold meetings in the future.

One more time, I would like express my appreciation to my colleagues for their great job which

made this congress come true. And of course I would like to thank our SPONSORS for their great

contribution to our congress.

With these considerations, I would like to thank you all for your participations to our congress; I

wish you all that your successful researches be continued.

My best wishes…

Prof.Dr. Erdem AYKAS

Chair

AGME 2017

13th



2

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Prof. Dr. Erdem AYKAS (Chair)

Prof. Dr. Engin ÇAKIR (General Secretary)

Prof. Dr. Hamdi BİLGEN

Prof. Dr. R. Cengiz AKDENİZ

Prof. Dr. Harun YALÇIN

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bülent ÇAKMAK

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin GÜLER

Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Behiç TEKİN

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Prof. Dr. N. Fazilet ALAYUNT

Prof. Dr. Adnan DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU

Prof. Dr. Vedat DEMİR

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tuncay GÜNHAN

Asst. Prof. Dr. Ercan GÜLSOYLU

Asst. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin YÜRDEM

Dr. Arzu YAZGI

Dr. Erkan URKAN

Res. Asst. Fırat KÖMEKÇİ

Res. Asst. İkbal AYGÜN

Res. Asst. Ünal ÜRKMEZ

Elec. Electro. Eng. Nebahat KULDEMİR

Ege University

Faculty of Agriculture

Department of Agricultural Machinery

and Technologies Engineering

35100 Bornova-İzmir/TURKEY

Tel / Fax: + 90 (232) 342 76 42

[email protected]

AGME 2017

13th



3

EDITION COMMITTEE

Prof. Dr. Vedat DEMİR

Prof. Dr. Harun YALÇIN

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bülent ÇAKMAK

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin GÜLER

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tuncay GÜNHAN

Asst. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin YÜRDEM

Res. Asst. Fırat KÖMEKÇİ

AGME 2017

13th



4

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Randy Taylor Prof. Dr. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, USA

Hossein Navid Assoc. Prof. University of Tabriz, Iran

Raimundas Rukuiza Assoc. Prof. Aleksandras Stulginskis Uni. Litvanya

Alessandro Leone Prof. Dr. Foggia University, Italy

Borja Velazquez Marti Prof. Dr. Politechnic university of Valencia, Spain

Peter Monka Prof. Dr. Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia

Hermann Knechtges Prof. Dr. Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Umwelt Nürtingen-

Geislingen, Germany

Heinz Bernhardt Prof. Dr. Technische Universität München, Germany

Matthias Schick Prof. Dr. Head of Research Group Work, Buildings and System

evaluation, Switzerland

Erdal Özkan Prof. Dr. Ohio State University, USA

Claus Sorensen Dr. Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Spyros Fountas Asst. Prof. Dr. Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Maurizio Canavari Assoc. Prof. University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Apdullah Sessiz Prof. Dr. Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey

Ahmet Konuralp Elçin Asst. Prof. Dr. Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey

Ali Bayat Prof. Dr. Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

Serdar Öztekin Prof. Dr. Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

Kazım Çarman Prof. Dr. Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

Cevat Aydın Prof. Dr. Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

Halil Kırnak Prof. Dr. Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

Cevdet Sağlam Assoc. Prof. Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

AGME 2017

13th



5

Ajay Sharda Asst. Prof. Dr. Kansas State University, USA

Y. Benal Öztekin Assoc. Prof. Samsun 19 Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey

Ali Tekgüler Asst. Prof. Dr. Samsun 19 Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey

İ. Ethem GÜLER Prof. Dr. Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey

Ahmet ÇELİK Prof. Dr. Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey

Murad Çanakcı Prof. Dr. Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

H. Kürşat ÇElik Asst. Prof. Dr. Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

Can Ertekin Prof. Dr. Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

Engin Özgöz Prof. Dr. Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey

Hakan Polatcı Asst. Prof. Dr. Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey

Sakine Özpınar Prof. Dr. 18 Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey

Arda Aydın Dr. 18 Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey

Bahattin Akdemir Prof. Dr. Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Birol Kayışoğlu Prof. Dr. Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey

Károly PETRÓCZKI Assoc. Prof. Szent István University, Hungary

Janusz Piechocki Prof. Dr. Warmia & Mazury University, Olsztyn, Poland

Mikio Umeda Prof. Dr. Kyoto University, Japan, Secretary General of CIGR

Kamil Ekinci Prof. Dr. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta , Turkey

A. Kamil Bayhan Prof. Dr. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta , Turkey

AGME 2017

13th



6

ORGANIZING SPONSORS

AGME 2017

13th



7

CONTENT

Page

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE .................................................................................................................2

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ..............................................................................................................2

EDITION COMMITTEE ....................................................................................................................3

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ................................................................................................................4

ORGANIZING SPONSORS ................................................................................................................6

CONTENT ......................................................................................................................................7

PROGRAMME ............................................................................................................................... 12

ORAL PRESENTATIONS ................................................................................................................ 16

Automatic Assessment of Animal Health and Welfare by Precision Livestock Farming Technologies ... 17

Effect of Tillage for Traditional and Mechanized Vineyard Establishment on Soil Properties in a

Semiarid Mediterranean Climate .................................................................................................... 18

Comparing the Performance of Regression and ANN Modeling in Orange Mass and Volume

Estimation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19

Comparison of Three-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Camera Systems for Automatic Detection of

Lameness in Broilers ..................................................................................................................... 20

Physical, Mechanical and Ripening Properties of the Boğazkere Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and Theirs

Relationships ................................................................................................................................ 21

Electronic Measurement System for Testing and Evaluation of Seed Drills (EMSTES) ........................ 22

Manufacture of Value-Added Composite Panels from Agricultural Fiber Resources ............................ 23

Thermal Efficiency Comparison of Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Solar Water Collectors .................. 24

Comparison of Computational Fluid Dynamics Based Simulations and Visualized Seed Trajectories in a

Seed Tube ................................................................................................................................... 25

Determination of Some Quality Parameters of Çaşır Mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) Dried in Sun and

Microwave oven ........................................................................................................................... 26

Farmers’ Satisfaction Level with GNSS-Based Tractor Auto Guidance Systems in Adana Province of

Turkey ......................................................................................................................................... 27

Equilibrium Sorption Isotherms of Damask (Rosa Damascena Mill.) Rose Petals ............................... 28

Comparison of the Performances of Some Frost Protection Wind Machines in Orchard Conditions ..... 29

Long-Term Tillage and Green Manure Effects on C and N Concentration in a Clay Loam Soil ............. 30

AGME 2017

13th



8

Growth of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Tillage Systems After Winter Vetch (Vicia sativa L.):Long Term

Study ........................................................................................................................................... 31

Long-Term Effect of Tillage Legumes/Maize Rotation on Soil Physical Properties under Dardanos Soil

Series .......................................................................................................................................... 32

Effects of Diatomite, Fulvic Acid and Gibberellic Acid in Raw Application on Drilling Operation Sweet

Corn (Zea mays Saccharata) Plant in Conservation Farming ............................................................ 33

Determination of Ecological Footprint of Instructors: İSTE, İskenderun Vocational School Example ... 34

Determination of Environmental Impacts of Life Cycle Assessment of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum

Bicolor (L)) Biomass ..................................................................................................................... 35

Using Infrared Technology to Define Soil Moisture Level ................................................................. 36

Development of Multi Fertiliser Spreader with Variable Rate Controller for Orchards ......................... 37

Data Mining in Agricultural Mechanization: Using Decision Tree Method for Output Energy Prediction of

Greenhouse Cucumber Production ................................................................................................. 38

Energy use Efficiency in Cotton Production in Southern Punjab Part of Pakistan ............................... 39

Design, Construction and Evaluation of Online Measuring System for Grain Harvester Combine’s

Header Loss ................................................................................................................................. 40

Influences of Airflow Path and Equivalence Ratio on Gasification Performance of Rice Straw Pellets .. 41

Determination of Optimum Product Design for Plant Production System According to Different Machine

Sets in Kayseri Province ................................................................................................................ 42

Development and Evaluation of New Color Space Combination for Crop Row Detection in Robotic

Weeding ...................................................................................................................................... 43

An Overview of the World Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Sector ........................................... 44

A Study on the Different Soil Tillage Systems in First Crop Wheat and Second Crop Maize Production in

South Aegean Conditions .............................................................................................................. 45

A Change in Engineering Education of Turkey: Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering 46

CO2 Production by Fertilizers, Pesticides and Farmyard Manure Consumption in Agricultural Production

of Turkey ..................................................................................................................................... 47

Online Soil Sensor for Variable Depth Subsoiling ............................................................................. 48

Status of the Hazelnut Production and Mechanization Possibilities in Turkey ..................................... 49

Monitoring Water Stress on Olive Trees by Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technique ......................... 50

Design and Development of a Separating System for Some Medicinal and Aromatic Plants ............... 51

AGME 2017

13th



9

Comparison of Boom Design Parameters of Three Tractor Mounted Field Crop Sprayer .................... 52

Determination of the Effect of Whey as a Nutritional Supplement in Different Growth Medium

Regarding to Its Potential to Biodiesel Feedstock Productıon ........................................................... 53

Design and Development of a Low-cost UAV for Pesticide Applications ............................................ 54

Determination of the Transverse Distribution Pattern According to Different Operating Pressure and

Different Spray Jet Velocity of Electropar Field Pulverizator ............................................................. 55

Design and Development of a Threshing System for Some Medicinal and Aromatic Plants ................. 56

Evaluation of Droplet Size Spectra for Agricultural Pesticide Applications Using Water Sensitive Paper

and Image Analysis Technique ...................................................................................................... 57

Kinematic Analysis Of Tractor Motor Crank - Rod Mechanism .......................................................... 58

The Comparison of Tillage Efficiencies of Different Tillage Methods and the Effect of Allelopathic

Applications on Weed Manifestations on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Royal Grape in Organic Vineyard ............ 59

Development of Automatic Steering System for Tractors ................................................................. 60

Briquetting Experiment from Bulk Jatropha Seedcake and Rice Husk under Universal Compression

Testing Machine ........................................................................................................................... 61

Design and Control of a Active Suspension System for Unmanned Agricultural Vehicles for Field

Operations ................................................................................................................................... 62

Coverage Nitrogen Fertilization Applied to Carrot (Daucus Carota L), Grows Under Conventional Soil

Cultivation ................................................................................................................................... 63

Orange Fruit (Citrus Sinensis) Detachment Force Analysis at Different Maturation Level.................... 64

Advanced Simulation Techniques for Optimal ROPS Performance .................................................... 65

The Possibility of Using Multi-Hole Gas Nozzles for Flame Torches Used for Weed Control ................ 66

Developing a Spot Spraying System for a Field Sprayer Using Machine Vision .................................. 67

A Review of Pellet Die Specifications and Its Effects on Pelletizing Operations .................................. 68

Comparison of Two Methods for Evaluation of Microwave Application Effects for Killing Weeds ......... 69

Effect of Different Cow Traffic Types on the Robot Performance in the Farms with Automatic Milking

Systems ....................................................................................................................................... 70

Microwave, Convective and Natural Drying Characteristics of Cherry Stalks ...................................... 71

Development of an Electro-Hydraulic Control Unit for Field Sprayer ................................................. 72

Determining the Field Performance and Cost Analysis of Walk Behind Type Semi-Automatic Hand Feed

Vegetable Transplanter ................................................................................................................. 73

AGME 2017

13th



10

Fabrication and Evaluation of an Electronic System for Determining of Loads on the Rear Axle of

Cereals Combine Harvesters .......................................................................................................... 74

Soil CO2 Emissions under Short-Term Tillage Effect ........................................................................ 75

Multi-Farm Use of Machinery and Cooperative: Example of Amasya Province ................................... 76

Opportunities in the Use of Microwave Technology for Weed Management ...................................... 77

Effects of Seed Coating and Pelleting Applications on The Quality of Onion Seeds (Allium cepa L.) .... 78

The Influence of Soil Tillage and Fertilization on Some Features of Second Crop Maize ..................... 79

Design of Variable Rate Spraying System for Efficient Pecticide Application in Vineyards ................... 80

Determining the Performance Values of a Disc Chipper in Operation With Palm Pruning Residues ..... 81

Mathematical Modelling and Optimization of The Distribution Uniformity for the Fixed Rate Urea

Fertilizer Application ..................................................................................................................... 82

Evaluation on Inspection of Sprayers in Use in Izmir-Turkey ........................................................... 83

POSTER PRESENTATIONS ............................................................................................................. 84

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Related to Fuel Consumption for Potato and Sugar Beet Production in

Turkey ......................................................................................................................................... 85

Determination of the Effect of Agricultural Crop Patternand Mechanization in the Bayramiç-Ezine-

Kumkale Plains in Bayramiç Dam Irrigation Area............................................................................. 86

New Development Techniques in Agricultural Machinery ................................................................. 87

Design and Evaluation of Robotic Manipulator for Vegetables and Fruit Head Cutting in Food

Processing Units ........................................................................................................................... 88

Comparison of PWM-Controlled Valve with Motorized Valve for Variable Rate Spraying ..................... 89

Development of an Image Processing Method for Automatic Carrot Head Cutting ............................. 90

A Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Organic Farming and Conventional Farming

Systems ...................................................................................................................................... 91

An Assessment of Agricultural Structure and Mechanization Characteristics in a Continental Climate

Region ......................................................................................................................................... 92

Fuzzy Logic Based Ventilation for Controlling Harmful Gases in Livestock Houses ............................. 93

Effects of Disc Angles of a Single Disc Furrow Opener of No-Till Seeder on Furrow Properties and

Cross-Sectional Area of Spoiled Soil ............................................................................................... 94

Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques for Quality Detection of Agricultural Products ............................. 95

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Key for Farmers in Turkey ...................................................................... 96

AGME 2017

13th



11

Stanley Plums Drying with Infrared-Assisted Hot Air Drying Systems ............................................... 97

Fatigue Analysis of Mixer Blades in Feed Mixer Machine .................................................................. 98

Sediment Problem for Hydraulic Energy Production and Its Monitoring with Turbidity Measurements . 99

Integrated Management of Pesticides and Liable Exposure with Machinery Executing Needed

Treatments “IMPLEMENT” ........................................................................................................... 100

Assessment of the Usage Status of the Combination of Single Axle Tractor- Agricultural Trailers in

Turkey ....................................................................................................................................... 101

AGME 2017

13th



12

PROGRAMME

09:0

0 -

10:0

0

10:0

0 -

10:4

5

10:4

5 -

11:1

5

12:0

0 -

13:0

0

RO

OM

AR

OO

M C

RO

OM

D

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 1

Chairm

an :

Mura

d Ç

anakc

ı

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 2

Chairm

an :

Ism

ail

Kavd

ır

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 3

WO

RKSH

OP

Chairm

an :

Inaci

o M

. del Fabro

13:3

0 -

13:4

5

OP –

13 C

om

pariso

n o

f Com

puta

tional Flu

id D

ynam

ics

Base

d S

imula

tions

and V

isualiz

ed S

eed T

raje

ctories

in a

Seed T

ube

Arz

u Y

azg

ı, V

edat

Dem

ir,

Adnan D

egirm

enci

oglu

OP –

45 S

tatu

s of

the H

aze

lnut

Pro

duct

ion a

nd M

ech

aniz

ation

Poss

ibili

ties

in T

urk

ey

Taner

Yıld

ız

OP –

01 A

uto

matic

Ass

ess

ment

of

Anim

al H

ealth a

nd W

elfare

by

Pre

cisi

on L

ivest

ock

Farm

ing T

ech

nolo

gie

s

Ard

a A

ydın

, Anıl

Çay,

Gıy

ase

ddin

Çiç

ek

13:4

5 -

14:0

0

OP –

18 C

om

pariso

n o

f th

e P

erf

orm

ance

s of

Som

e F

rost

Pro

tect

ion W

ind

Mach

ines

in O

rchard

Conditio

ns

Çağdaş

Civ

ele

k, A

li Baya

t, M

ust

afa

Şehri

OP –

54 K

inem

atic

Analy

sis

of

Tra

ctor

Moto

r Cra

nk

- R

od M

ech

anis

m

Abdulla

h B

eya

z, M

etin D

ağte

kin

OP –

35 D

esi

gn,

Const

ruct

ion A

nd E

valu

ation o

f O

nlin

e M

easu

ring

Sys

tem

for

Gra

in H

arv

est

er

Com

bin

e’s

Header

Loss

Sham

solla

h A

bdolla

h P

our,

Rahele

h F

adavi

14:0

0 -

14:1

5

OP –

23 L

ong-T

erm

Eff

ect

of

Till

age L

egum

es/

Maiz

e R

ota

tion o

n

Soil

Phys

ical Pro

pert

ies

under

Dard

anos

Soil

Series

Saki

ne Ö

zpın

ar,

Ali

Özp

ınar

OP –

76 F

abrica

tion a

nd E

valu

ation o

f an E

lect

ronic

Sys

tem

for

Dete

rmin

ing o

f Lo

ads

on t

he R

ear

Axl

e o

f Cere

als

Com

bin

e H

arv

est

ers

Hass

an M

aso

udi, A

zam

Reza

ei, H

ass

an Z

aki

Diz

aji,

Moham

mad E

smaeil

Khora

sani Ferd

ava

ni

14:1

5 -

14:3

0

14:3

0 -

14:4

5D

ISCU

SSIO

ND

ISCU

SSIO

ND

ISCU

SSIO

N

14:4

5 -

15:0

0

RO

OM

AR

OO

M C

RO

OM

D

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 4

Chairm

an :

Salim

Hız

ıroğlu

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 5

Chairm

an :

Ali

Baya

t

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 6

WO

RKSH

OP

Chairm

an :

Cla

us

Aage G

ron S

ore

nse

n

15:0

0 -

15:1

5

OP –

02 E

ffect

of

Till

age f

or

Tra

ditio

nal and M

ech

aniz

ed V

ineya

rd

Est

ablis

hm

ent

on S

oil

Pro

pert

ies

in a

Sem

iarid M

editerr

anean C

limate

Saki

ne Ö

zpın

ar,

Ali

Özp

ınar,

Anıl

Çay

OP –

82 O

pport

unitie

s in

the U

se o

f M

icro

wave

Tech

nolo

gy

for

Weed M

anagem

ent

İkbal Ayg

ün,

Engin

Caki

r, K

ora

y Kaca

n,

Nur

Oku

r, H

use

yin H

usn

u K

ayı

kcıo

glu

OP –

06 C

om

pariso

n o

f Thre

e-D

imensi

onal and T

wo-D

imensi

onal

Cam

era

Sys

tem

s fo

r Auto

matic

Dete

ctio

n o

f La

meness

in B

roile

rs

Ard

a A

ydın

15:1

5 -

15:3

0

OP –

22 G

row

th o

f M

aiz

e (

Zea m

ays

L.)

under

Till

age S

yste

ms

aft

er

win

ter

vetc

h (

Vic

ia s

ativa

L.)

:Long t

erm

stu

dy

Saki

ne Ö

zpın

ar,

Ali

Özp

ınar

OP –

68 C

om

pariso

n o

f Tw

o M

eth

ods

for

Eva

luation o

f M

icro

wave

Applic

ation E

ffect

s fo

r Kill

ing W

eeds

İkbal Ayg

ün,

Engin

Caki

r, K

ora

y Kaca

n

OP –

53 E

valu

ation o

f D

rople

t Siz

e S

pect

ra f

or

Agricu

ltura

l Pest

icid

e

Applic

ations

Usi

ng W

ate

r Sensi

tive

Paper

and I

mage A

naly

sis

Tech

niq

ue

Abdulla

h B

eya

z, İ

bra

him

Çili

ngir,

Metin D

ağte

kin,

Dila

ra G

erd

an

15:3

0 -

15:4

5

OP –

55 T

he C

om

pariso

n o

f Till

age E

ffic

ienci

es

of

Diffe

rent

Till

age

meth

ods

and T

he E

ffect

of

Alle

lopath

ic A

pplic

ations

on W

eed

Manifest

ations

on V

itis

vin

ifera

L.

cv.

Roya

l G

rape in O

rganic

Vin

eya

rd

Engin

Çakı

r, H

aru

n Y

alc

in,

Kora

y Kaca

n,

Fadim

e A

teş

OP –

80 M

ulti-Farm

Use

of

Mach

inery

and C

oopera

tive

: Exa

mple

of

Am

asy

a P

rovi

nce

Ayt

en E

sra Z

eyr

ek

OP –

32 D

ata

Min

ing in A

gricu

ltura

l M

ech

aniz

ation:

Usi

ng D

eci

sion T

ree

Meth

od f

or

Outp

ut

Energ

y Pre

dic

tion o

f G

reenhouse

Cucu

mber

Pro

duct

ion

Hass

an Z

aki

diz

aji,

Nasi

m M

onje

zi

15:4

5 -

16:0

0

OP –

40 A

Stu

dy

on t

he D

iffe

rent

Soil

Till

age S

yste

ms

in F

irst

Cro

p W

heat

and S

eco

nd C

rop M

aiz

e P

roduct

ion in S

outh

Aegean C

onditio

ns

Haru

n Y

alç

ın,

Mehdi D

em

irci

OP –

24 E

ffect

s of

Dia

tom

ite,

Fulv

ik A

cid a

nd G

ibbere

llic

Aci

d in R

ow

Applic

ation o

n D

rilli

ng O

pera

tion o

n S

weet

Corn

(Zea m

ays

Sacc

hara

ta)

Pla

nt

in C

onse

rvation F

arm

ing

Ahm

et

Kam

il Bayh

an,

Fik

rat

Mahm

ood A

l O

baid

i

16:0

0 -

16:1

5D

ISCU

SSIO

ND

ISCU

SSIO

ND

ISCU

SSIO

N

16:1

5 -

16:3

0

SE

MIN

ER

RO

OM

11:1

5 -

12:0

0

Keyn

ote

sp

eech

by C

lau

s A

ag

e G

ron

So

ren

sen

(D

en

mark

)

ICT

In

no

vati

on

s an

d S

mart

Farm

ing

RE

GIS

TR

AT

ION

13

SE

PT

EM

BE

R 2

01

7,

WE

DN

ES

DA

Y

BR

EA

K

BR

EA

K

13:3

0 -

14:4

5

BR

EA

K

15:0

0 -

16:1

5

LU

NC

H

OP

EN

IN

G C

ER

EM

ON

Y

AGME 2017

13th



13

RO

OM

AR

OO

M C

RO

OM

D

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 7

Chairm

an :

Lore

nzo

Vagnett

i

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 8

Chairm

an :

Can E

rteki

n

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 9

WO

RKSH

OP

Chairm

an :

Mehm

et

Topakç

ı

16:3

0

-16:4

5

OP –

21 L

ong-T

erm

Till

age a

nd G

reen M

anure

Eff

ect

s on C

and N

Conce

ntr

ation in a

Cla

y Lo

am

Soil

Saki

ne Ö

zpın

ar,

Ali

Özp

ınar,

Anıl

Çay

OP –

85 D

esi

gn o

f Variable

Rate

Spra

ying S

yste

m f

or

Eff

icie

nt

Pest

icid

e A

plic

ation

Fatih G

öks

el Peki

tkan,

Hüse

yin G

üle

r

OP –

69 E

ffect

of

Diffe

rent

Cow

Tra

ffic

Typ

es

on t

he R

obot

Perf

orm

ance

in t

he F

arm

s w

ith A

uto

matic

Milk

ing S

yste

ms

Halil

Ünal, H

asa

n K

ura

loğlu

16:4

5 -

17:0

0

OP –

77 S

oil

CO

2 E

mis

sions

Under

Short

-Term

Till

age E

ffect

Kaan K

üçü

kerd

em

, Sefa

Altık

at,

Em

rah K

uş

OP –

51 D

ete

rmin

ation o

f th

e T

ransv

ers

e D

istr

ibution P

att

ern

Acc

ord

ing t

o D

iffe

rent

Opera

ting P

ress

ure

and D

iffe

rent

Spra

y Je

t

Velo

city

of

Ele

ctro

par

Fie

ld P

ulv

eriza

tor

Muham

med C

em

al Tora

man,

Ali

Baya

t, M

edet

Itm

eç

OP –

16 F

arm

ers

’ Satisf

act

ion L

eve

l w

ith G

NSS-B

ase

d T

ract

or

Auto

Guid

ance

Sys

tem

s in

Adana P

rovi

nce

of

Turk

ey

Muharr

em

Kesk

in,

Yunus

Em

re Ş

eke

rli, S

ait M

uharr

em

Say,

Must

afa

Topçu

eri

17:0

0 -

17:1

5

OP –

84 T

he I

nfluence

of

Soil

Till

age a

nd F

ert

iliza

tion o

n S

om

e F

eatu

res

of

Seco

nd C

rop M

aiz

e

Muhittin M

ura

t Turg

ut,

Önder

Alb

ayr

ak

OP –

62 C

ove

rage N

itro

gen F

ert

iliza

tion A

pplie

d t

o C

arr

ot

(Daucu

s

Caro

ta L

), G

row

s U

nder

Conve

ntional Soil

Cultiv

ation

Celin

a D

e A

lmeid

a,

Inaci

o M

aria D

al Fabbro

OP –

72 D

eve

lopm

ent

of

an E

lect

ro-H

ydra

ulic

Contr

ol U

nit f

or

Fie

ld

Spra

yer

Caner

Koç,

Hüse

yin D

ura

n,

M.

Barış

Em

inoğlu

, M

ust

afa

Vata

ndaş

17:1

5 -

17:3

0

OP –

86

Dete

rmin

ing t

he P

erf

orm

ance

Valu

es

of

a D

isc

Chip

per

in

Opera

tion w

ith P

alm

Pru

nin

g R

esi

dues

Mete

Yiğ

it,

Mura

d Ç

anakc

ı, H

asa

n Y

ILM

AZ,

Mehm

et

TO

PAKCI,

Davu

t

KAR

AYEL

OP –

65 T

he P

oss

ibili

ty o

f U

sing M

ulti-hole

Gas

Nozz

les

for

Fla

me

Torc

hes

Use

d f

or

Weed C

ontr

ol

Çağdaş

Tura

loğlu

, Selç

uk

Ars

lan

OP –

61 D

esi

gn a

nd C

ontr

ol of

an A

ctiv

e S

usp

ensi

on S

yste

m f

or

Unm

anned A

gricu

ltura

l Vehic

les

for

Fie

ld O

pera

tions

Hugo R

afa

cho F

ern

andes,

Angel Pontin G

arc

ia,

Inaci

o M

aria D

al Fabbro

17:3

0 -

17:4

5

17:4

5 -

18:0

0D

ISCU

SSIO

ND

ISCU

SSIO

ND

ISCU

SSIO

N

17:4

5 -

18:3

0

19:3

0

16:3

0 -

18:0

0

PO

ST

ER

PR

ES

EN

TA

TIO

NS

GA

LA

DIN

NE

R a

tE

ge U

niv

ers

ity,

Gu

est

Ho

use R

esta

ura

nt.

Sh

utt

le s

erv

ices w

ill

dep

art

fro

m A

KM

(co

ng

ress v

en

ue)

at

18

:30

AGME 2017

13th



14

RO

OM

AR

OO

M C

RO

OM

D

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 1

0

Chairm

an :

Hoss

ein

Behfa

r

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 1

1

Chairm

an :

Birol Kayı

şoğlu

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 1

2 W

OR

KSH

OP

Chairm

an :

Yüce

l Teki

n

09:3

0 -

09:4

5

OP –

75 D

ete

rmin

ing t

he F

ield

Perf

orm

ance

and C

ost

Analy

sis

of

Walk

Behin

d T

ype S

em

i-Auto

matic

Hand F

eed V

egeta

ble

Tra

nsp

lante

r

Erd

em

Ayk

as,

R.

Cengiz

Akd

eniz

, Fırat

Köm

ekç

i, C

ere

n K

öm

ekç

i

OP –

25 D

ete

rmin

ation o

f Eco

logic

al Footp

rint

of

Inst

ruct

ors

: İS

TE,

İske

nderu

n V

oca

tional Sch

ool Exa

mple

Öm

er

Ere

n,

Selç

uk

Uğurluay,

Okt

ay

Söyl

er,

Must

afa

Çakı

r, H

aka

n

Kalp

akç

ıoğlu

09:4

5 -

10:0

0

OP –

83 E

ffect

s of

Seed C

oating a

nd P

elle

ting A

pplic

ations

on t

he Q

ualit

y

of

Onio

n S

eeds

(Alli

um

cepa L

.)

Zeyn

ep D

um

anoğlu

, Büle

nt

Çakm

ak,

Hüly

a I

lbı̇, G

ülg

ün B

aşl

ar

OP –

39 A

n O

verv

iew

of

the W

orld A

gricu

ltura

l M

ach

inery

Manufa

cturing S

ect

or

Gülfin

az

Özo

ğul

10:0

0 -

10:1

5

OP –

87 M

ath

em

atica

l M

odelli

ng A

nd O

ptim

ization O

f The D

istr

ibution

Uniform

ity

For

The F

ixed R

ate

Ure

a F

ert

ilize

r Applic

ation

Cere

n K

öm

ekç

i, H

üse

yin G

üle

r

10:1

5 -

10:3

0

10:3

0 -

10:4

5D

ISCU

SSIO

ND

ISCU

SSIO

ND

ISCU

SSIO

N10:4

5 -

11:1

5

RO

OM

AR

OO

M C

RO

OM

D

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 1

3

Chairm

an :

Abdulla

h S

ess

iz

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 1

4

Chairm

an :

In

aci

o M

aria D

al Fabbro

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 1

5 W

OR

KSH

OP

Chairm

an :

Abdul M

. M

ouaze

n

11:1

5 -

11:3

0

OP –

37 D

ete

rmin

ation o

f O

ptim

um

Pro

duct

Desi

gn f

or

Pla

nt

Pro

duct

ion

Sys

tem

Acc

ord

ing t

o D

iffe

rent

Mach

ine S

ets

in K

ays

eri P

rovi

nce

Cevd

et

Sağla

m,

Neca

ti Ç

etin

OP –

12 T

herm

al Eff

icie

ncy

Com

pariso

n o

f Fla

t Pla

te a

nd E

vacu

ate

d

Tube S

ola

r W

ate

r Colle

ctors

Turh

an K

oyu

ncu

OP –

38 D

eve

lopm

ent

and E

valu

ation o

f N

ew

Colo

r Space

Com

bin

ation

for

Cro

p R

ow

Dete

ctio

n in R

obotic

Weedin

g

Hoss

ein

Behfa

r, H

am

idre

za G

hass

em

zadeh,

Fahim

e H

ash

em

11:3

0 -

11:4

5

OP –

48 C

om

pariso

n o

f Boom

Desi

gn P

ara

mete

rs o

f Thre

e T

ract

or

Mounte

d F

ield

Cro

p S

pra

yer

Medet

İtm

eç,

Ali

Baya

t

OP –

14 D

ete

rmin

ation o

f Som

e Q

ualit

y Para

mete

rs o

f Çaşı

r

Mush

room

(Ple

uro

tus

ery

ngii)

dried in s

un a

nd M

icro

wave

ove

n

Fuat

Lüle

, Birol Kayi

şoğlu

, G

arip Y

arş

i

OP –

66 D

eve

lopin

g a

Spot

Spra

ying S

yste

m f

or

a F

ield

Spra

yer

Usi

ng

Mach

ine V

isio

n

Hayr

ett

in K

ara

öl, S

elç

uk

Ars

lan,

Ali

Ayb

ek,

Ism

ail

Giz

lenci

11:4

5 -

12:0

0

OP –

64 A

dva

nce

d S

imula

tion T

ech

niq

ues

for

Optim

al R

OPS P

erf

orm

ance

Danie

le S

pezi

ani, L

ore

nzo

Vagnett

i

OP –

26 D

ete

rmin

ation o

f Envi

ronm

enta

l Im

pact

s of

Life

Cyc

le

Ass

ess

ment

of

Sw

eet

Sorg

hum

({S

org

hum

Bic

olo

r} (

L))

Bio

mass

Öm

er

Ere

n,

Hasa

n H

üse

yin Ö

ztürk

OP –

50 D

esi

gn a

nd D

eve

lopm

ent

of

A L

ow

-Cost

UAV f

or

Pest

icid

e

Applic

ations

Caner

Koç,

Hüse

yin D

ura

n,

Osm

an E

fe Ö

zkan,

Must

afa

Vata

ndaş

12:0

0 -

12:1

5

OP –

88 E

valu

ation o

n I

nsp

ect

ion o

f Spra

yers

in U

se in I

zmir-T

urk

ey

Erk

an U

rkan,

Hüse

yin G

üle

r, G

öks

el Peki

tkan,

Müjd

at

Toza

n

OP –

46 M

onitoring W

ate

r Str

ess

on O

live T

rees

by

Usi

ng H

ypers

pect

ral

Imagin

g T

ech

niq

ue

Era

y Şen,

Arif

Behiç

Teki

n,

Erh

an A

kkuzu

12:1

5 -

12:3

0D

ISCU

SSIO

ND

ISCU

SSIO

ND

ISCU

SSIO

N12:3

0 -

13:3

0

Sen

sor

Fu

sio

n f

or

wit

hin

Fie

ld S

ite S

pecif

ic A

pp

licati

on

Keyn

ote

sp

eech

by A

bd

ul M

. M

ou

azen

(B

elg

ium

)08:4

5 -

09:3

0

SE

MIN

ER

RO

OM

LU

NC

H

TE

CH

NIC

AL T

OU

R

DIN

NE

R a

t T

ep

eku

le C

on

gre

ss R

esta

ura

nt

14

:00

D

ep

art

ure

fro

m A

KM

(co

ng

ress v

en

ue)

for

Tech

nic

al

To

ur

to B

orn

ova O

live R

esearc

h I

nsti

tute

17

:00

– 1

9:0

0

Fre

e t

ime a

t B

orn

ova F

oru

m S

ho

pp

ing

Mall

19

:00

D

ep

art

ure

fro

m B

orn

ova F

oru

m f

or

Tep

eku

le C

on

gre

ss R

esta

ura

nt

Th

ere

wil

l b

e s

hu

ttle

serv

ices t

o M

etr

o s

tati

on

at

the e

nd

of

the d

inn

er

09:3

0 -

10:4

5

BR

EA

K

Pra

ctic

al Exp

erience

s on P

reci

sion A

gricu

lture

fro

m F

arm

er

Pers

pect

ive

Sence

r Sola

koğlu

How

Will

Dig

ital Tra

nsf

orm

ation C

hange t

he A

gricu

tura

l In

dust

ry U

ntil

2020?

Tanze

r Bilg

en

11:1

5 -

12:3

0

14

SE

PT

EM

BE

R 2

01

7,

TH

UR

SD

AY

AGME 2017

13th



15

RO

OM

AR

OO

M C

RO

OM

D

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 1

6

Chairm

an :

Deniz

Yılm

az

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 1

7

Chairm

an :

Salim

Hız

ıroğlu

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 1

8 W

OR

KSH

OP

Chairm

an :

Selç

uk

Ars

lan

09:0

0 -

09:1

5

OP –

36 I

nfluence

s of

Airflow

Path

and E

quiv

ale

nce

Ratio o

n G

asi

fica

tion

Perf

orm

ance

of

Ric

e S

traw

Pelle

ts

Serk

an T

uğ,

Birol Kayi

şoğlu

, Ib

rahim

Sava

ş D

alm

ış,

Türk

an A

ktaş,

Mehm

et

Reca

i D

urg

ut,

Fig

en T

aşç

ı D

urg

ut

OP –

41 A

Change in E

ngin

eering E

duca

tion o

f Turk

ey:

Agricu

ltura

l

Mach

inery

and T

ech

nolo

gie

s Engin

eering

Osm

an G

ökd

oğan,

Mehm

et

Fırat

Bara

n

OP -

43 O

nlin

e S

oil

Senso

r fo

r Variable

Depth

Subso

iling

Arif

Behiç

Teki

n,

Haru

n Y

alç

ın

09:1

5 -

09:3

0

OP –

42 C

O2 P

roduct

ion b

y Fert

ilize

rs,

Pest

icid

es

and F

arm

yard

Manure

Consu

mption in A

gricu

ltura

l Pro

duct

ion o

f T

UR

KEY

Bera

n A

day,

Can E

rteki

n,

Fatih E

vrendile

k

OP –

34 E

nerg

y use

Eff

icie

ncy

in C

ott

on P

roduct

ion in S

outh

ern

Punja

b p

art

of

Paki

stan

Muham

mad I

mra

n,

Orh

an Ö

zçata

lbaş

OP –

28 D

eve

lopm

ent

of

Multi Fert

ilize

r Spre

ader

with V

ariable

Rate

Contr

olle

r fo

r O

rchard

s

Bahatt

in A

kdem

ir,

Cih

angir S

ağla

m,

Nail

Türe

n,

Levn

i Can Ö

zyürü

yen,

Mura

t G

ökç

e Ü

ngör,

Eyü

p S

elç

uk

Ata

r

09:3

0 -

09:4

5

OP –

49 D

ete

rmin

ation o

f th

e E

ffect

of

Whey

as

A N

utr

itio

nal Supple

ment

in D

iffe

rent

Gro

wth

Mediu

m R

egard

ing t

o I

ts P

ote

ntial to

Bio

die

sel

Feedst

ock

Pro

duct

ıon

Hüse

yin D

ura

n,

Caner

Koç,

Maks

ut

Barış

Em

inoğlu

, M

ine I

smailo

ğlu

,

Gökh

an T

aşt

an

OP –

63 O

range F

ruit (

Citru

s Sin

ensi

s) D

eta

chm

ent

Forc

e A

naly

sis

at

Diffe

rent

Matu

ration L

eve

l

João P

aulo

Souza

Aci

ole

, Jo

nath

an G

azz

ola

,

José

Aguia

r D

os

Santo

s Jr

., I

naci

o M

aria D

al Fabbro

OP –

27 U

sing I

nfr

are

d T

ech

nolo

gy

to D

efine S

oil

Mois

ture

Leve

l

Anıl

Çay,

Ali

Ayd

oğdu,

Habib

Koca

bıy

ık

09:4

5 -

10:0

0

OP –

67 A

Revi

ew

of

Pelle

t D

ie S

peci

fica

tions

and I

ts E

ffect

s on P

elle

tizi

ng

Opera

tions

Hasa

n Y

ılmaz,

Mehm

et

Topakc

i

OP –

57 D

eve

lopm

ent

of

Auto

matic

Ste

ering S

yste

m f

or

Tra

ctors

Ard

a A

ltın

kara

dağ,

Bahatt

in A

kdem

ir,

Erd

oğan K

esi

ci,

Ahm

et

Yüce

l

Uru

san

10:0

0 -

10:1

5D

ISCU

SSIO

ND

ISCU

SSIO

ND

ISCU

SSIO

N10:1

5 -

10:3

0

RO

OM

AR

OO

M C

RO

OM

D

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 1

9

Chairm

an :

Adnan D

eğirm

enci

oğlu

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 2

0

Chairm

an :

Hoss

ein

Navi

d

TECH

NIC

AL

SESSIO

N 2

1

Chairm

an :

Bahatt

in A

kdem

ir

10:3

0 -

10:4

5

OP –

09 E

lect

ronic

Measu

rem

ent

Sys

tem

for

Test

ing a

nd E

valu

ation o

f

Seed D

rills

(EM

STES)

Tunca

y G

ünhan,

Arz

u Y

azg

ı

OP –

11 M

anufa

cture

of

Valu

e-A

dded C

om

posi

te P

anels

fro

m

Agricu

ltura

l Fib

er

Reso

urc

es

Salim

Hız

ıroğlu

OP –

17 E

quili

brium

Sorp

tion I

soth

erm

s of

Dam

ask

(R

osa

Dam

asc

ena

Mill

.) R

ose

Peta

ls

Inas

Abduls

att

ar

Abdulja

bbar,

Ahm

et

Kam

il Bayh

an,

Sabri E

rbas,

Kam

il

Eki

nci

10:4

5 -

11:0

0

OP –

04 C

om

paring t

he P

erf

orm

ance

of

Regre

ssio

n a

nd A

NN

Modelin

g in

Ora

nge M

ass

and V

olu

me E

stim

ation

Hass

an M

aso

udi, A

bbas

Rohani

OP –

52 D

esi

gn a

nd D

eve

lopm

ent

of

a T

hre

shin

g S

yste

m f

or

Som

e

Medic

inal and A

rom

atic

Pla

nts

Deniz

Yılm

az,

Mehm

et

Em

in G

ökd

um

an

OP –

60 B

riquett

ing E

xperim

ent

from

Bulk

Jatr

opha S

eedca

ke a

nd R

ice

Husk

Under

Univ

ers

al Com

pre

ssio

n T

est

ing M

ach

ine

Abra

ham

Kabute

y, Ç

imen D

em

irel, D

avi

d H

era

k, G

urk

an A

. K.

Gurd

il

11:0

0 -

11:1

5

OP –

07 P

hys

ical, M

ech

anic

al and R

ipenin

g P

ropert

ies

of

the B

oğazk

ere

Gra

pe (

Vitis

vin

ifera

L.)

and T

heirs

Rela

tionsh

ips

Abdulla

h S

ess

iz,

Gülteki

n Ö

zdem

ir,

Reşa

t Esg

ici

OP –

47 D

esi

gn a

nd D

eve

lopm

ent

of

a S

epara

ting S

yste

m f

or

Som

e

Medic

inal and A

rom

atic

Pla

nts

Deniz

Yılm

az,

Mehm

et

Em

in G

ökd

um

an

OP –

70 M

icro

wave

, Conve

ctiv

e a

nd N

atu

ral D

ryin

g C

hara

cterist

ics

of

Cherr

y Sta

lks

İlkn

ur

Alib

aş,

Asl

ihan Y

ilmaz

11:1

5 -

11:3

0

11:3

0 -

11:4

5D

ISCU

SSIO

ND

ISCU

SSIO

ND

ISCU

SSIO

N

11:4

5 -

12:3

0

12:3

0 -

13:3

0

BR

EA

K

10:3

0 -

11:4

5

LU

NC

H

A T

RIP

TO

CIT

Y'S

ME

MO

RY

Sh

utt

le b

use

s fo

llo

wed

by lu

nch

on

Sep

tem

ber

15

, 2

01

7 w

ill d

ep

art

at

14

:00

fo

r cit

y t

ou

r an

d a

ny p

art

icip

an

t o

f th

e c

on

gre

ss w

ho

wo

uld

lik

e t

o e

xp

eri

en

ce

beau

tifu

l cit

y o

f İz

mir

.

15

SE

PT

EM

BE

R 2

01

7,

FR

IDA

Y

09:0

0 -

10:1

5

CO

NG

RE

SS

EV

ALU

AT

ION

& C

LO

SIN

G

AGME 2017

13th



16

ORAL PRESENTATIONS

AGME 2017

13th



17

OP-01 : Oral Presentation

Automatic Assessment of Animal Health and Welfare by Precision Livestock Farming

Technologies

Arda Aydın, Anıl Çay, Gıyaseddin Çiçek Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart

University, Canakkale, Turkey

Nowadays, livestock farming is not just limited to economic benefits because the consumers are

also interested with healthy animals together with food safety and quality. Consequently, there is an

increasing need to continuously monitor animals and many variables in order to meet the expectations

of consumers. In the previous years, farmers checked health and welfare of animals with audio-visual

observations. However, today, this is not possible due to the high number of animals because this

evolution needs increasing administrative and logistic workload. Therefore, farmer has no enough time

to check his animals. Fortunately, today, fully automated and continuous monitoring, controlling

technologically possible, and it is becoming more feasible to use this technology with Precision

Livestock Farming (PLF) approach in the farms. PLF is a management system of livestock farming by

automatic and continuous monitoring and controlling the health, welfare and production of animals.

One of the objectives of PLF is to develop fully automated tools to continuously monitor animals’

health, welfare and production with a non-invasive and non-intrusive way. The main purpose of these

systems is not to replace eyes and ears of the farmers but to support them, because it is very

important to detect any kind of problem at an early stage to avoid a negative impact on the welfare or

the production of animals. PLF is a fully automated tool that can monitors animals continuously as

7/24. It can also bring clear benefits in livestock production, including early detection, trend

extraction, and processing of huge dynamic data. Consequently, PLF techniques can allow to farmers

and veterinarians to take immediate management actions in time. Therefore, this challenging

approach of PLF should be transposed to practice. However, this is only possible when teams

composed of different research fields, like physiology, zoology, and technology. In a word, to achieve

this, “technology science” and “animal science” need to collaborate!

Keywords: PLF, animal production, monitoring, automatic assessment, collaboration

AGME 2017

13th



18

OP-02 :Oral Presentation

Effect of Tillage for Traditional and Mechanized Vineyard Establishment on Soil Properties

in a Semiarid Mediterranean Climate

Sakine Özpınar1, Ali Özpınar

2, Anıl Çay

1

1Dep. of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Çanakkale

Onsekiz Mart University 2Dep. of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

The northwest of Turkey enclosed the Bozcaada (Tenedos) Island, represents a typical

Mediterranean ecosystem with hot summer and mild winters. This semiarid environment, where

traditional vineyard (goble-narrow row spacing), has been progressively abandoned by farmers over

the past decade because of promotion of tourism industry, and also only small patches of vineyards

are cultivated with very low soil management and incomes due to inappropriate mechanization

practices such as tillage and chemical application. We assessed the short-term effect of three tillage

on soil properties for 2-year (2015 and 2016) at 0-60 cm in both topsoil (20 cm) and subsoil (>20 cm)

of Bozcaada vineyards where were still intensive traditional tillage practices by horse or hand-driven

rotary tiller (HDR, 30-year old) for years. Mechanized tillage systems consisting of tractor-driven

rotary tiller (TDR, 30-year old) and field cultivator (TDC, 3-year old) in two vineyards (wired-wide row)

were tested against a vineyard cultivated with HDR (goble-narrow row). The highest variability was

obtained for penetration resistance and the lowest for bulk density. Bulk density in both TDR and HDR

showed similarity in terms of soil depths and row direction in 2-year, but it is lower in TDC, while

three tillage systems were decreased bulk density in topsoil compared to subsoil. Penetration varied in

a wide range from 0.49 to 2.61 MPa and was highly variable. The larger values (1.65-2.61 MPa) were

found below tillage depth (20 cm) than above (0.49 to 1.80 MPa), but TDC was decreased importantly

penetration, particularly at subsoil, compared to TDR and HDR. Oxygen diffusion rate observed higher

in topsoil than subsoil in both between and inter row in three tillage systems, but the highest values

were found in TDC through the soil profile due to deep tillage application by ripper before vine

plantation. So, tillage under tractor-driven equipment required less labour than traditional because of

many practices were performed by machinery if switching from traditional vineyards plantations of

inappropriate mechanisation applications to modern mechanised vineyard plantations. This also leads

to a sustainable viticulture for vineyard production in this area that prevents rapidly increasing tourism

occupation replaced the cultivated vineyards lands.

Keywords: Vineyard, tillage, soil properties

AGME 2017

13th



19


Comparing the Performance of Regression and ANN Modeling in Orange Mass and Volume

Estimation

Hassan Masoudi1, Abbas Rohani

2

1Department of Biosystems Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Machine vision is a new method for grading of agricultural products. Basically, machine vision

systems are capable to grade fruits based on their color and geometric characteristics such as

dimensions. So, finding the relationship between geometric characteristics and the mass or volume of

the products is essential for using machine vision grading systems. Various models and algorithms can

be used to determine these relationships. Linear regression has been used to predict the physical

properties of agricultural products and grading them according to different parameters. Artificial

neural network (ANN) as a fast and nondestructive method can be used for prediction of agricultural

products properties and grading of them based on different parameters. The purpose of this research

was to find the best model for using in a machine vision system for orange fruit grading based on its

mass or volume. So, at first physical characteristics value for 100 samples of oranges (Dezful local

variety) include three dimensions, mass, volume and projected-area were measured using classical

methods, then two linear regression (F(h,w,t), F(A)) and two artificial neural network (ANN(h,w,t),

ANN(A)) models were used to determine relationships between the mass or volume of orange and its

dimensions or projected-area. Analysis of variance of the F(h,w,t) model showed that there is a

significant relationship at 1% level between the mass or volume of oranges and three dimensions. R2

values indicated that the proposed equations can justify 95.97 % and 98.01 % of changes in the mass

or volume of orange, respectively. In the F(A) model, the R2 values of mass and volume were 95.75

% and 93.40 % respectively. Comparing two regression models showed that the performance of

F(h,w,t) model was better than F(A) model. Statistical comparisons of the predicted data by neural

network models and the actual data of the orange mass and volume showed that there is not any

significant difference between them. Comparing the performance of two ANN models showed that the

ANN(h,w,t) model is superior to the ANN(A) model. Comparing the performance of all models showed

that the artificial neural network models are more accurate than regression models.

Keywords: Orange fruit, geometric parameters, mass and volume modeling, linear regression, artificial neural network

AGME 2017

13th



20


Comparison of Three-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Camera Systems for Automatic

Detection of Lameness in Broilers

Arda AYDIN Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart


Lameness is one of the most important causes of poor welfare in poultry. Previous studies have

shown that at least 90% of broilers experienced some degree of gait problems and approximately

30% were seriously lame. In addition to lameness, broilers are significantly damaged due to skeletal

disorders concluded that the cost of these problems are predicted to be between 80 and 120 million

dollars per year. Therefore, in literatures, different kinds of methods were developed to detect

lameness and improve the health and welfare of broilers. The most common method to detect

lameness is visual locomotion scoring in which the scores are based on the visual observation of a

trained expert. Nonetheless, manual scoring is time-consuming and experiments cannot be performed

continuously. Consequently, there is no possibility for early detection of lameness when this evaluation

method is used. Therefore, in this study, two different computer vision techniques were evaluated for

early detection of lameness in broilers. A two-dimensional and a three-dimensional camera system

were used to extract some feature variables of broilers such as activity, latency to lie down, spatial

use, step length, step frequency and the lateral body oscillation. Afterwards, the results of both

systems were evaluated against the visual locomotion scores given by an expert. For example, the

accuracy of lying detection in 3-D system was 93%, while it was 83% in the 2-D system. However,

both systems have own advantages, disadvantages and limitations. For example, 2-D systems require

so many parameters to detect lameness and also need more time for analyses whereas; 3-D systems

can detect lameness with a single parameter in shorter time. Nonetheless, both systems were just

able to detect lameness starting from GS3. Therefore, in future researches, to define lower gait scores

than GS3, either new feature variables like foot curls and wing use should be inserted into the

proposed systems or these systems should be combined with other automatic behaviour analysis tools

for early detection of lameness. It is very important to detect lameness at an early stage because it

allows farmers and veterinarians to take immediate management actions in time.

Keywords: PLF, image analysis, chicken, lameness assessment.

AGME 2017

13th



21


Physical, Mechanical and Ripening Properties of the Boğazkere Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

and Theirs Relationships

Abdullah Sessiz1, Gültekin Özdemir

2, Reşat Esgici

3

1Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering,

Dicle University, Diyarbakır, TURKEY 2Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticultural, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, TURKEY

3Bismil Vocational High School, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, TURKEY

In this study, some physical, mechanical and ripening properties of local variety Boğazkere grape

and their relationships were determined depend on three different phenological stages and five cane

internode (IN) diameters. This research was performed at commercial vineyard in Diyarbakır province,

which is located in the southeastern part of Turkey. Cutting properties and energy values were

measured by The Lloyd LRX plus materials testing machine. In addition to cutting properties of cane,

grape berries’ include length, with, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area,

berry detachment force (BDF), berry weight (W), berry detachment force/weight (BDF/W) were

determined.

The mean length, width and thickness values of berries were found as 16.64 mm, 15.49 mm,

and 15.42 mm, respectively. The arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area

values were not changed statistically with phenological stages.

There were found closely relationships between ripening and mechanical properties at different

phenological stages for grape berries. The ratio of BDF/W decreased with phenological stages. The

BDF was decreased from 2.60 N to 2.13 N, the grape berries skin firmness decreased from 1.60 N to

0.93 N, while berries weight increased from 2.48 g to 2.76 g with harvesting stages. Total soluble

solids content and pH values increased with phenological stages. Whereas the total acids were slight

changed and reduced from 0.413 to 0.323 % with ripening stages.

The phenological stages has not significant effect on the cutting properties of cane (P >0.05).

However, cutting force were found highly correlated with the cane diameter, the significant

differences were found among internodes diameter of grape canes at a 5 % probability level. While

the maximum cutting force and energy were obtained at IN5 diameter as 600.92 N and 5.05 J, the

minimum cutting force and energy were obtained at IN1 diameter as 289 N, 271 N and 1.52 J,

respectively.

Keywords: Grape, grape cane, cutting properties, cutting energy, engineering properties

AGME 2017

13th



22


Electronic Measurement System for Testing and Evaluation of Seed Drills (EMSTES)

Arzu Yazgi, Tuncay Gunhan Department of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

The objective of this study was to develop an electronic measurement system for testing and

evaluating of seed drills (EMSTES). The seeding quality of this kind of machine is evaluated based on

the flow evenness and the seed distribution of furrow openers. These quality indicators are

determined by measurement of weights and controlled by the coefficient of variation (CV; %) value in

the laboratory conditions. Measuring and evaluating of seed weights take up long time and require

manpower. The time and labor requirements increase based on the number of furrow opener. The

EMSTES was developed to reduce these inputs. The EMSTES hardware consisted of a high precision

industrial scale, serial interface, a computer and data acquisition software (scada). The EMSTES

stored weighting data obtained from each furrow opener using a simple user interface, and sent to

the data to Microsoft Excel for further statistical analysis. The EMSTES can be used for all kind of seed

drills to obtain quantitative evaluations of flow evenness and seed distribution of furrow openers,

rapidly and correctly.

Keywords: Electronic measurement system, data acquisition, seed drill, flow evenness, seed distribuiton

AGME 2017

13th



23


Manufacture of Value-Added Composite Panels from Agricultural Fiber Resources

Salim Hiziroglu Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma

– USA

The manufacture of value-added composite panels from agricultural fiber resources is getting

more popular in many countries. Most of the developing countries are rich in agricultural products

which create large amount of waste fiber. Rice straw, jute, coconut fiber, oil palm, betel palm and

bagasse are only some of the resources that can be used to produce different types of value-added

composite panels including particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF). In addition to

agricultural waste fibers bamboo is also getting more attention as an alternative raw material from

composite panel manufacturers in Asian countries. This presentation will review some of the findings

of ongoing and past research projects related to experimental particleboard, fiberboard and strand

type panels manufactured from bamboo, rice straw, oil palm and betel palm. Basic properties of

samples including modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond strength, thickness

swelling, water absorption, density profiles and surface quality of such panels will be reviewed.

Keywords: Value-added, composites, agricultural fiber

AGME 2017

13th



24


Thermal Efficiency Comparison of Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Solar Water Collectors

Turhan Koyuncu

Adiyaman University, Faculty of Technology, Adiyaman, Turkey

Flat plate and evacuated tube solar water collectors are widely used for supplying hot water for

domestic and industrial applications in the world. However, there is no enough information regarding

thermal efficiencies of different type solar water collectors for various environmental and climatic

conditions. Therefore, in this work; thermal efficiencies of different types of flat plate solar water

collector panels such as aluminum, copper, 304 chromium and evacuated tube have been compared.

It was seen from the results that the efficiencies of aluminum and copper collector panels are

changing between 56%...68% while the efficiencies of 304 stainless steel chromium panels are varied

between 67%...88. In addition, evacuated tube type solar water collectors have less heat loss but

lower absorber surface area to gross area ratio (about 70%) when compared with flat plate solar

water collectors. Based on absorber surface area, evacuated tube type solar water collectors have

more efficiency than equivalent flat plate collectors. However in practical applications, gross area of

any solar water collector should be considered for comparison. In this case, the efficiencies of

evacuated tube type solar water collectors are changing between 50%...70%. Besides, it should be

kept in mind that evacuated tube type solar water collectors can be preferred for cold environmental

and climatic conditions because of their less heat loss and cold resistant.

Keywords: Efficiency, solar collector, evacuated tube

AGME 2017

13th



25


Comparison of Computational Fluid Dynamics Based Simulations and Visualized Seed

Trajectories in a Seed Tube

Arzu Yazgi, Vedat Demir, Adnan Degirmencioglu

Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

The objective of this study was to compare computational fluid dynamics based simulations and

visualized seed trajectory in a seed tube that will lead to seed incorporation into the soil with an

enhanced seed spacing accuracy. In order to meet this objective, five different seeds (corn, cotton,

sunflower, sugar beet and soybean) and three artificial spherical materials at three different diameters

(4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm) were tested in the laboratory conditions. The seeds and artificial materials

were released by free fall into the semitransparent seed tube from different release points and their

trajectories were recorded in the laboratory conditions. The same seed tube was also modeled using

SolidWorks 3D Computer Aided Design and release of the seeds and the artificial spherical materials

into the seed tube was simulated and analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The

results of the video capturing and simulation analyzes were compared and it was found that the

releasing point was an effective parameter on seed spacing accuracy because of the effects of seed

bouncing and skating in the seed tube.

Keywords: Seed, seed tube, trajectory, uniformity, design, CFD

AGME 2017

13th



26


Determination of Some Quality Parameters of Çaşır Mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) Dried

in Sun and Microwave oven

Fuat Lüle1, Birol Kayişoğlu

2, Garip Yarşi

3

1Adiyaman University, Faculty of Technology, Energy Systems Engineering Department,

Adiyaman, Turkey 2Namik Kemal University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Biosystem Engineering,

Tekirdag, Turkey 3University of Mersin, Vocational School of Silifke, Plant and Animal Production Department,,

Turkey

In this study, the Çaşır mushrooms(Pleurotus Eryngii), which were harvested in Arguvan,

Malatya, were dryed under conditions of drying exposed to Sun (in the exhibition, exposed to Sun, in

the shade and dryer cabinet with hot air) and microwave oven (180W, 360W, 600W and 800W). The

effects of different drying methods on color, ash and the amount of carbon, nitrogen and protein

content, rehydration ratio, total phenolics and amount of some nutrients (K, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Fe) was

investigated. The results showed that the dried mushrooms under sun were less affected than

microwave as physical and chemical changes. According to these results, in the sun drying methods

should be preferred for Çaşır Mushroom (Pleurotus Eryngii).

Keywords: Çaşır Mushrooms (Pleurotus Eryngii), drying in the sun, microwave oven, quality parameters

AGME 2017

13th



27


Farmers’ Satisfaction Level with GNSS-Based Tractor Auto Guidance Systems in Adana

Province of Turkey

Muharrem Keskin1, Yunus Emre Sekerli

1, Sait Muharrem Say

2, Mustafa Topcueri

1

1Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University,

31040 Antakya, Hatay, Turkey 2Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture,

Çukurova University, 01330 Balcalı, Sarıçam, Adana, Turkey

Technological developments in agriculture result in better management practices leading to more

precision in agricultural operations from planting to harvesting to reduce inputs, increase profits and

protect environment. GNSS-based automatic guidance systems offer many advantages for the farmers

including more accuracy, higher working speeds, easy operation, reduced operator fatigue, reduced

overlapping, reduced skips and less inputs (fertilizer, pesticides, seeds, etc). The adoption of Precision

Agriculture (PA) is in an increasing trend in developed countries while farmers in developing countries

also started to adapt PA technologies in recent years. Adoption rate of the auto guidance systems is

also increasing in developing countries. In parallel to these worldwide developments, the adoption of

automatic guidance systems is increasing in Adana province and in the other regions of Turkey as

well. It is estimated that about 110 farmers use these systems in only Adana province as of end of

2016. However, no study was reported on the satisfaction level and the aims of utilization of these

auto guidance systems in Turkey before. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the

experiences and satisfaction level of farmers with the use of auto guidance systems in the Adana

province using a face-to-face interview. Based on the preliminary study results, the majority of the

farmers uses auto guidance systems in field crop farming since 2011. The three GNSS augmentation

methods used in the region are RTK, subscription-based SBAS and RTK-CORS. Most of the farmers

use the auto guidance systems for the purpose of soil ridge tillage followed by planting. Most

significant benefits of the auto guidance systems are creating straight soil ridges, flexible working

hours, time savings, fuel savings and labor savings. The preliminary results show that majority of the

farmers are very satisfied with the use of auto guidance.

Keywords: Precision agriculture, automatic guidance, satisfaction level, Adana

AGME 2017

13th



28


Equilibrium Sorption Isotherms of Damask (Rosa Damascena Mill.) Rose Petals

Inas Abdulsattar Abduljabbar1, Ahmet Kamil Bayhan

1, Sabri Erbas

2, Kamil Ekinci

1

1Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agricultural Machinery and

Technologies Engineering 2Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Field Crops

The products obtained from Rosa Damascena Mill. have a very wide usage area especially in

medicine, food, cosmetics, skin care, aroma therapy and beverage. In recent years, there has been

increasing international demand for the "dried damask rose petals". Studies conducted on the drying

of rose petals are very limited. It is known that product quality is deteriorated due to rapid moisture

absorption during drying, dusting, and attractiveness for insects and microorganisms. Moisture

absorption, mold and moth growth, and loss in color are experienced in short time depending on

storage conditions after drying and product has to be discarded before it is marketed. In order to

maintain appropriate storage conditions for damask rose petals, the optimum drying air temperature

and relative humidity should be determined. However, this requires quality parameters and

optimization of the drying time and energy costs. Determination of "Water Activity" or "Sorption

Isotherms" of damask rose petals is necessary for optimum moisture and storage conditions. The

experimental drying systems/conditioning system, which were designed to determine the sorption

isotherms of the rose petals, were conditioned at 25-45°C and 10-90% relative humidity. The

moisture contents of rose petals were determined by using the static gravimetric method at 25, 30,

35, 40, and 45°C. These temperatures are often used for drying of medicinal and aromatic plants. In

this method, nine saturated salt solutions (LiCl, CH3COOK, MgCl2, K2CO3, Mg(NO3)2, NaBr, NaCl, KCl,

and BaCl2) with relative humidity ranging from 10 to 90% were used to maintain relative humidity in

the desiccators. The knowledge gained from the sorption isotherms of Rosa Damascena M. within the

scope of this dissertation study, the most suitable drying air temperature and relative humidity will be

determined for rose petals for the first time. Optimum values for volatile oil components and ratios,

color, odor as well as resistance to diseases and harmfulness during storage, shelf life and specific

energy consumption based on drying systems will be evaluated.

Keywords: Equilibrium sorption isotherms, rosa damascena mill, drying temperature and humidity, essential oil, color, smell

AGME 2017

13th



29


Comparison of the Performances of Some Frost Protection Wind Machines in Orchard

Conditions

Çağdaş Civelek, Ali Bayat, Mustafa Şehri

Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering Department, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

Since agricultural production is carried out in open lands and mostly under uncontrolled weather

conditions, there is always a risk of the frost especially in early fall and late spring seasons either for

field or tree crops. Frost damage has a rate of more than 30%, which affects fruit orchards in

particular and occurs in crop production. Despite many techniques of frost fighting, farmers have been

trying to protect their crops by creating a hot air mass in the garden by burning hay bales or old

rubber in the orchards. In developed countries frost protection wind machines have been being used

to get rid of frost damage. Since citrus orchards are very wide in Turkey especially in Adana region

and these gardens under the risk of frost in seasonal transitions, farmers have started to use these

machines intensively. However, these machines are very expensive and farmers need a lot of

technical information to choose appropriate wind machine for their orchard. In this study, the

technical characteristics and performances of three different brand and model protective machines

were evaluated in the citrus orchard conditions. According to the results, it was determined that two

different power range of wind machine has been being used in Adana. Also, it was determined that

the effective radius of these wind machines were between 100 to 136 meters and the coverage area

were between 3 to 6 hectares. According to the measurements made, the air currents generated by

the machines were found to be effective 3 to 5 m higher than the field ground.. The noise levels

created by these machines were also found to be above the 85 dBA limit exposure values specified by

the ILO (International Labor Organization).

Keywords: Citrus orchards, frost protection, wind machines

AGME 2017

13th



30


Long-Term Tillage and Green Manure Effects on C and N Concentration in a Clay Loam Soil


2, Anıl Çay

1

1Farm Machineries and Technologies Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart

University, Çanakkale, Turkey 2Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey

Tillage practices are crucial importance to conserve soil in arable lands. The aim of this study

was to evaluate the long-term effects of two reduced tillage systems on C and N concentration

compared with traditionally tillage in a rotation with winter cereal-winter legume and following

summer maize under annually 600 mm rainfall condition in a clay loam soil. Soil was sampled for six

year throughout growing season with three sampling times for summer maize in 10 cm intervals to 30

cm.

Results show that, the soil C and N concentrations were observed in the topsoil than subsoil

under shallow tillage performed with rototiller compared with traditional tillage using plough at three

sampling times and in all growing seasons. Similarly, C and N stocks were greater in shallow tillage

than plough and chisel tillage. In considering from earlier of study to last year for ten-year periods,

soil carbon sequestration rate for 0-30 cm soil depth observed in range shallow>plough>chisel. Net N

stock increase within 0-30 cm soil profile for the same period was found higher with chisel followed by

shallow and plough. Therefore, both shallow and chisel tillage were improved both C and N that lead

improvement of soil quality when compared with plough. So, some benefits associated with shallow

tillage present a greater potential for its adoption in view of the long-term agricultural sustainability

under different crop rotations using green manure to maintain soil quality with herbicides application

strategy.

Keywords: Conservation tillage, nutrition, carbon concentration

AGME 2017

13th



31


Growth of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Tillage Systems After Winter Vetch (Vicia sativa

L.):Long Term Study


2

1Farm Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart


The fertile, but naturally poorly soils due to organic matter in the region of Western Turkey are

received about 600 mm of rainfall annually. These soils were under intensive conventional tillage

practise for years, which contributed to their poor infiltrability, low organic matter, and overall poor

structure. Development of tillage practices that incorporate winter cover crops and reduce traffic in

spring is required to reduce local soil degradation problems. The objective of this study was to

determine long-term responses of plant growth to spring rototiller and chisel (as called reduced

tillage) and mouldboard plough tillage. Field experiments were conducted for 5 years following winter

cover crops in fall 2005 to 2009 on a clay loam. Plant growth was measured during the five growing

seasons ten days interval for each tillage system.

Results indicated that the preparation of seedbed using either rototiller or plough increased the

vegetative biomass growth of maize than chisel. Root biomass was significantly higher in rototiller

than in plough and chisel in all days after planting in three of the five years. Rototiller also provided

higher plant biomass and increased plant height in all study years. On the other hand, the highest

root dry matter by soil depth found at 0 to 10 cm compared with 10 to 20 cm and the 20 to 30 cm for

all study years in three tillage systems. The lowest root dry matter was found in plough, especially in

2008 of 20 to 30 cm. Maize emergence in chisel was delayed by 3 days and plant stand was reduced

by 25% compared with plough, the corresponding values were 1 day and 6% in rototiller which has

13% higher maize yield than plough, the corresponding values 17% for chisel averaged over five

years. Grain yield was also found significantly higher in rototiller than in plough and chisel in two of

the five years. In generally, long-term use of reduced tillage systems is economical on well-structured

clay loam soils if adequate consideration is given to maintaining soil structure

Keywords: Maize, management systems, growth parameters

AGME 2017

13th



32


Long-Term Effect of Tillage Legumes/Maize Rotation on Soil Physical Properties under

Dardanos Soil Series


2

1Farm Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart


Maize–based crop rotation promoted as alternative to fallow-based systems in Turkey due to

suitability for diverse ecologies, higher yields with less nitrogen use and increased demand of maize

from concentrated feed for cattle and human nutrition. Alternative tillage and crop establishment

practices are important management strategies for tackling the issues of soil quality deterioration. The

conservation tillage and crop establishment practices such as legumes crop rotations hold potential to

enhance soil physical properties for sustainability of soil quality. Therefore, a long-term study was

conducted to evaluate tillage systems and irrigated summer maize based crop rotations such as winter

wheat-vetch/summer maize on the physical behaviour of soil at different depths and sampling times

(sowing, flowering and harvesting). Tillage systems for crop rotation established in 2001, but only

evaluated for 2005-2009 growing seasons, were: mouldboard plough, rototiller and chisel.

Results indicated that soil conductivity (Ks) was ranged from 6.15 cm h-1 for plough to 14.57 cm

h-1 for chisel at 0-20 cm in 2006 at the mid-growing season. These were 2.58 cm h-1 for plough in

2007 to 13.31 cm h-1 for chisel at 20-40 cm in 2009 while they were 0.53 cm h-1 for plough in 2006

to 8.93 cm h-1 for rototiller at 40-50 cm in 2009. Compared to plough, Ks values were higher in both

rototiller and chisel at 0-20 by 42.2-93.2% cm while corresponding values were 33.3-91.6% and 42.2-

121.5% at 20-40 and 40-50 cm, respectively. The soil temperature was ranged lower for rototiller

than chisel at 0 to 10 cm at the early part of maize growing when compared with plough over all

study years. Tillage systems had no significant effect on penetration resistance, with the exception of

the depth 20 to 30 cm where it was higher in plough than in rototiller and chisel. Bulk density at soil

surface at the time of growing season decreased with the degree of soil manipulation during tillage

practices. Thus, this long-term study suggests that rototiller and chisel based on winter vetch/summer

maize rotation can be advocated as sustainable intensification strategy in Dardanos soil series and

other similar agro-ecologies regions.

Keywords: Clay-loam soil, soil physical properties, tillage

AGME 2017

13th



33


Effects of Diatomite, Fulvic Acid and Gibberellic Acid in Raw Application on Drilling

Operation Sweet Corn (Zea mays Saccharata) Plant in Conservation Farming

Fi ̇krat Mahmood Alobaidi, Ahmet Kami ̇l Bayhan

Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering

Conservative soil tillage and seeding in protective soil treatment improves the soil structure and

protects soil noodles. The success of the conservative and/or direct seeding methods and machines is

primarily required to have a high yield of field shoots. In this study, three organic materials known to

have germination and rooting promoting properties are applied on seed during the seeding to increase

the field emergence success on the plant in conservation farming.For this purpose, the sweet corn is

applied with one solid (diatomite (DE)-a soil conditioner and germination promoter in granular form)

and two different organic liquid (Fulvic Acid (FA)-an organic acid and Gibberellic Acid (GA3)-a growing

hormone) materials to the seed/seed bed during seeding of sweet corn. Also, same amount of water

applied to eliminate effect of water factor. One of the priming applications of this research is DE

"Matrix Priming" as solid application. Others are Water "Hydro Priming", FA (Organic Priming) and GA3

(Chemical/Hormonal Priming) as liquid applications. Split Plot in Experimental Design with three

replicates is chosen as experiment design. The research theme is an innovation in sowing technique

and machines. The most unique aspect of this research is that the seeds planted from oneside in the

planting are covered with DE, Water, FA and/or GA3. The affected parameters in the emergence

characteristics of the seeds grown and raised by changes in the physical, chemical and biological

properties of the seed bed are monitored and measured as responses: Physical properties of soil:

Volume Weight; Soil Humidity; Soil Penetration.Chemical properties of soil: pH; EC; Lime Content;

Organic Substance.Biological properties of soil: Biological Activity (CO2)Planting performance: Field

Emergence Rate, Field mean emergence time, Field precision of the distribution of the seeds in row

along the length of the row (Speed/Percentage/Uniformity of emergence).The basic machine

operating characteristics, Working Speed is fixed at 1 m/s.

Keywords: Conservation seeding, seed priming, diatom earth (DE), fulvic acid (FA), gibberellic

acid (GA3), field emergence

AGME 2017

13th



34


Determination of Ecological Footprint of Instructors: İSTE, İskenderun Vocational School

Example

Ömer Eren1, Selçuk Uğurluay

1, Oktay Söyler

2, Mustafa Çakır

2, Hakan Kalpakçıoğlu

2

1MKÜ, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey

2İSTE, İskenderun Vocational School, İskenderun, Hatay, Turkey

Humans have always benefited from natural sources to satisfy their needs. Today, with the

increase in population, the natural resources on our earth are decreasing and assumed to be

consumed in the near future because of the consciousness of the individuals and the consciousness of

consumption away from sustainability. It is important to determine how many planets the world will

need in the future if the individual continues to live that way with his current consumption habits. The

concept of ecological footprint emerges in determining this need. In this study, ecological footprints

were calculated and evaluated depending on the consciousness and consumption habits of the

Iskenderun Vocational School of Higher Education affiliated to a newly established university,

Iskenderun Technical University. Web-based "Ecological Footprint Calculation Survey" was used as

data collection tool in the research. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation were used

in the analysis of the data. As a result of the calculations, the average ecological footprint of

Instructors was determined as 2.84 gha and the carbon footprint average was 12.44 tons. According

to these results, at least 2.84 worlds are needed for Iskenderun Technical University Iskenderun

Vocational School of Higher Educations for a sustainable life.

Keywords: Ecological footprint, carbon footprint, instructor

AGME 2017

13th



35


Determination of Environmental Impacts of Life Cycle Assessment of Sweet Sorghum

(Sorghum Bicolor (L)) Biomass

Ömer Eren1, Hasan Hüseyin Öztürk

2

1Department of Biosystems Engineering, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey

2Department of Agricultural Machinery, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

In this study; environmental effects were determined to produce the sweet sorghum (Sorghum

Bicolor (L.)) dry biomass. Environmental effects of sweet sorghum production were assessed with life

cycle assessment. Environmental effects categories were obtained with CML 2001 methods. To

improve the present production some advanced development were suggested depend on the results

of the research data’s. The results showed that the average dry biomass yield in sweet sorghum was

9135 kg per ha. Environmental effects causes the marine aquatic toxicity in percent 50.39 depend on

the life cycle effect assessment of sweet sorghum production and local effects in percent of 80.02 its

life cycle interpretation. Also, the value of global warming (climate change) was calculated as 1043.51

kg CO2-eq/ha. Fertilizing were increased environmental effects to produce the biomass from sweet

sorghum cultivation.

Keywords: Biomass, sweet sorghum, life cycle assessment

AGME 2017

13th



36


Using Infrared Technology to Define Soil Moisture Level

Anıl Çay, Ali Aydoğdu, Habib Kocabıyık Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart


Accurate and rapid measurement of soil moisture is vital for some agricultural applications. The

development of various measurement methods with different advantages has been ongoing for years

to determine soil moisture. The direct measurement method is based on weight change and gives the

most accurate result, but it requires a long time and labour. In indirect methods, soil moisture is

generally estimated by using different soil properties such as soil electrical conductivity, electrical

resistance change and radioactive reactions in the soil. Indirect methods needs complex calculation

and calibration processes and additional analysis. In this study, the possibility of using infrared

technology as alternative to conventional measurement method based on gravimetric measures was

investigated to define soil moisture. The success of the developed technique was tested by comparing

the conventional measurements on the soil samples with eight different moisture content. Three

different radiation intensities (IR) (2358 w m⁻², 3165 w m⁻² and 4187 w m⁻²) were used for soil

drying. Variance analyses, multiple comparisons and MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) values

were used to determine the differences between infrared and conventional methods. It was

determined that the difference between the conventional and infrared methods for all power levels

was not statistically significant. The correlation coefficients between moisture values of the

conventional and infrared were determined as 0.966, 0.964 and 0.979 at given IR levels, respectively.

For all experiments, correlation coefficient was defined as 0.979. Although the lowest MAPE values

were determined using 4187 w m⁻² of IR, there was no statistical difference between the MAPE

values of IR levels. The time requirement in the conventional method is at least of 24 hours. It was

decreased to 34.75 minutes with IR technique. The IR technique yielded very fast and correct results

and there was no need for complex calibration procedures.

Keywords: Soil moisture, IR radiation, gravimetric moisture content,

AGME 2017

13th



37


Development of Multi Fertiliser Spreader with Variable Rate Controller for Orchards

Bahattin Akdemir, Cihangir Sağlam, Nail Türen, Levni Can Özyürüyen, Murat Gökçe Üngör,

Eyüp Selçuk Atar Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University,

Tekirdag, Turkey

Fertilisation of orchards are generally has been doing by centrifugal fertilisers, fertigation or by

hand. More than 80% percentage of orchards there isn’t drip irrigation system to apply fertigation

method. Other methods have difficulty for homogeny mineral fertilisation in orchards. Precision

farming is an emerging philosophy to protect environment and increase profitability. Fruit production

is generally more profitable than field production. Farmers change production from field crops to fruit,

vineyard or animal production because of their profitability Variable rate application in orchards for

mineral fertilisers. In this research, a multi fertiliser spreader machine with 3 hoppers, a variable rate

controller, laboratory test software and prescription map software were developed. Developed variable

rate controller consists of 3 servomotors, 3 servomotors’ drivers, electronic control card, wireless

communication and prescription map software for spreading as variable rate. Fertilisers were

distributed by specially designed fluted rollers driven by servomotors. The variable rate controller

change revolution of fluted rollers to change fertilisation rate. Amount of fertiliser for each grid can be

chosen for prescription map and applied amount of fertiliser can be saved for application map by

“Prescription Map Software”. This software can save some data such as tractor tracks in orchard,

distances, time consuming for fertilisation and turnings, time to enter and exit from grids based on

GPS data. Fertilisation amount determined for different chemical fertilisers at different scales of the

control system. Soil and leaves samples form olive orchard were analysed for determining required

amount of mineral fertilisers. Yield was measured for each olive tree to investigate effect of variable

rate fertilisation on yield. Texture, pH and nutrient content of soil and micro and macro nutrients in

leaves were determined and spatial variability maps were created. Yield data for 2013 and 2015 were

not evaluated because of periodicity of olive trees, yield data for 2014 was only evaluated to compare

effect of variable and constant rate fertiliser application. Yield results of the variable rate application

was higher as 16.80% for total orchard yield and 11.50% for average yield (kg/tree) than that yield

results of constant rate fertiliser application in 2014.

Keywords: Olive, fertiliser spreader, precision farming, variable rate application

AGME 2017

13th



38


Data Mining in Agricultural Mechanization: Using Decision Tree Method for Output Energy

Prediction of Greenhouse Cucumber Production

Hassan Zakidizaji, Nasim Monjezi Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of

Ahvaz, Iran

Generation of agriculture data has increased over past years to judge impact of agriculture

parameters to make action plan and to examine agriculture productivity. Data mining has frequently

been used to extract potentially new and useful knowledge from large databases. Data mining

involves the exploration and analysis of large databases to find patterns and valuable information that

can aid in decision making. Decision trees are a reliable and effective decision making technique that

provide high prediction accuracy with a simple representation. Decision tree algorithm was used to

develop models to forecast the output energy of greenhouse cucumber production in Iran. Data from

64 farmers were obtained using a face-to-face questionnaire method. The analyses were performed

using IBM SPSS Modeler 14.2. Three cropping seasons were selected between 2014 and 2017. The

data was partitioned into training (70%) and testing (30%) samples. The decision tree, including

eleven independent variables and 27 nodes, was produced through the CART method. Fourteen

classification rules were generated from the decision tree. The CART algorithm was evaluated using

linear correlation and mean absolute error (MAE). Maximum precision of model in training part was

equal to 94%, in testing part was equal to 88%. According to models′ precision, the results showed

that CART model was stable and suitable for prediction of greenhouse cucumber output energy and

we believe this methodology could be applicable for a wider geographic area and other greenhouse

vegetables production regions as well as other cropping systems.

Keywords: Decision tree, greenhouse cucumber, output energy prediction

AGME 2017

13th



39


Energy use Efficiency in Cotton Production in Southern Punjab Part of Pakistan

Muhammad Imran, Orhan Özçatalbaş Department of Agricultural Economics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

The main objective of this study was to estimate energy consumption in cotton production in

southern Punjab part of Pakistan. Using multistage random sampling 39 cotton growers were selected

from 4 villages. Data was collected by face-to-face interview using pre-tested questionnaire. The

results of the study revealed that 37069 MJ/ha energy was consumed in cotton production. Among

sources of input energy chemical fertilizer energy contributed highest (31.66%), followed by diesel

fuel (25%), and water energy (20%). The share of the direct energy was 49.47% and indirect energy

was 50.56%. Non-renewable energy’s share in total energy consumption was 74.69%, while

renewable energy’s share was 25.31%. Energy use efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy,

and net energy were, 0.76, 0.054 kg MJ-1, 18.69 MJ-1 kg, -8806 MJ-1ha-1, respectively. It is

concluded that energy use in cotton production can be managed more efficiently. It is suggested that

efforts should be made to improve balance use of chemical fertilizers. Policies should be formulated to

manage water use efficiently and decrease diesel fuel energy use.

Keywords: Input energy, cotton, energy efficiency, energy productivity

AGME 2017

13th



40


Design, Construction and Evaluation of Online Measuring System for Grain Harvester

Combine’s Header Loss

Shamsollah Abdollah Pour, Raheleh Fadavi University of Tabriz

This study carried out in wheat field, the West Azarbaijan province, Iran (2015-2016). Applying

the system requires the lab and field test, lab test includes designing (CATIA, V5 R21) and

construction of system and load-cell (0-300 gr). This system is supposed to collect, transfer and

measurement by load-cell then discharging loss from the system on the ground to ensure the

coverage all of the header loss. Two equipment were constructed to measure loss in different regions

of cutter bar width. Then, equipments were joined to combine head and field tests were conducted in

11 AM (10-14 moisture, 26-30 temperature). Data from the sensor and wooden frame were utilized to

statistics analysis, then the effects of forward speed of combine (Vc) and peripheral speed of reel ُs

tip (Vr) were studied on header loss (reel cinematic index= Vr/Vc). Statistical Experiments were

conducted based on Factorial experiments with randomized complete block design 32 (equipment 1, 2

were considered as blocks), 4 replications. Results revealed that effects of studied factors were

significant. Multiple regression was used, two factors were considered as input variable and combine

header losses was regarded as output variable. Model showed the coefficient of determination (R2)

equal to 0.81. The result of the Duncan ُs test found that the difference between means of two

equipments is not significant at 5% probability level. Paired samples Test was used to compare mean

between header loss data that have been obtained from wooden frames and two systems, results

showed that in RI 1.6 and 0.78, difference between wooden frames and two systems were more

significant due to high level of loss.

Keywords: Header loss of combine, designing, construction, reel index

AGME 2017

13th



41


Influences of Airflow Path and Equivalence Ratio on Gasification Performance of Rice

Straw Pellets

Serkan Tuğ1, Birol Kayişoğlu

2, Ibrahim Savaş Dalmış

3, Türkan Aktaş

2, Mehmet Recai Durgut

2,

Figen Taşçı Durgut2

1Department of Technical Sciences Vocational School, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ,

Turkey 2Department of Agricultural Faculty Biosystems Engineering, Namık Kemal University,

Tekirdağ, Turkey 3Department of Engineering Faculty Mechanical Engineering, Namık Kemal University,

Tekirdağ, Turkey

Rice straw is one of the most important agricultural residue in Thrace Region in Turkey that can

be evaluated by biomass gasification technologies. Every year, about 180 000 tons of rice straw are

burned that has 2,5.109 MJ energy content in Edirne. If rice straw gasification could be applied by

efficiency of 65%, 1,625.109 MJ of energy would be saved for Thrace region every year. Optimization

of gasification parameters is critical in order to keep the gasification efficiency maximized. Especially

the path that gasification agent follows and flow rate strongly effects the gasification reactions and

performance characteristics. In this research, rice straw collected from Thrace region were pelletized

and gasified by using air as gasification agent. A prototype throathless type downdraft gasifier which

has 350 mm as reactor diameter was designed, constructed and used for gasification experiments.

Two different airflow paths were selected and five different equivalence ratios were applied for each

path. Air intake was done from the top of the reactor as the first path. For the second path, air intake

was done from 10 nozzles that positioned around the reactor. Performance values like gas flowing

rate, fuel consumption rate, cold gas efficiency, temperature distribution and gas components were

determined during experiments. The best cold gas efficiency was obtained as 65,4% in gasification

process performed with first airflow path with equivalence ratio of 0,20±0,02. Maximum lower heating

value of generated syngas was determined as 4,430 MJ/m3.

Keywords: Biomass, gasification, equivalence ratio, rice straw, airflow, syngas

AGME 2017

13th



42


Determination of Optimum Product Design for Plant Production System According to

Different Machine Sets in Kayseri Province

Cevdet Sağlam, Necati Çetin Department of Biosystems Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

In this study, the optimum production pattern was determined by taking into consideration the

machine sets formed from tractors, agricultural tools and machinery used in irrigated and dry plant

production systems in Kayseri conditions. Considering the land sizes for both agricultural production

systems, three different machine sets were created and product patterns were determined related to

the products grown in the region.

For this purpose, a questionnaire study was conducted to determine the product patterns of the

manufacturing enterprises. Then, machine types and capacities used in production, operation data,

and the database was prepared by interviewing the enterprises. Fuel consumption and work efficiency

related to the production processes of the machinery have been determined based on observations

and calculations during the operations. As a result, the determined optimum product patterns are

compared with the existing production patterns of the enterprises.

Keywords: Optimum product design, different machine sets, tractor, agricultural tools and machinery

AGME 2017

13th



43


Development and Evaluation of New Color Space Combination for Crop Row Detection in

Robotic Weeding

Hossein Behfar, Hamidreza Ghassemzadeh, Fahime Hashem Departement of Biosystem Eng. University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

In organic farming herbicides should not be used. Manual weeding cost are so high, so just

mechanical weeding are applicable. An autonomous agricultural mobile robot can be used for

mechanical weed control. These robots are guided by a vision systems that are able to detect the row

line formed by the crops system so robots could remove all weed plants among the crop rows. The

row-recognition system accuracy has the most effect on system performance. The challenge is that

mobile robot must control weeds in outdoor environments that their condition is changing. Weed

removing operation is usually performed in spring season. It is rainy in the spring, so most of the time

soil is wet, and soil color is different, therefore this vision system should be managed to detect plants

form other objects in both conditions: dry and wet soil. It should not only be able to be operated in

these bad condition but also must not be effected by plants shadow. Three combination of chromatic

coordinate combination of RGB, HIS and Lab color spaces were developed and their ability to

distinguish living plant material from bare soil, crop residue and wheat straw residue was studied. A

video camera was mounted on the robot from an inclined angle in order to capture real images of

corn crop rows, and sent them to a computer for processing. 14 different color coordinates were

applied for the color images. The Hough transform algorithm was used for crop row detection. Row

lines and errors were calculated in Matlab software. The results showed that the new combination of

b-a (Lab color space) had the best results in both wet and dry soil conditions. Most of the last

researches in this area applied the 2G-R-B combination. But this new combination (b-a) had better

result and less errors. Their ability for real time applications was also studied on the developed robot

in corn farm.

Keywords: Row detection, image processing, weeding robot, color space

AGME 2017

13th



44


An Overview of the World Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Sector

Gülfinaz Özoğul Agricultural Machinery Programme,Vocational School of Technical Science, Bozok University,

Yozgat, Turkey

The problem that manufacturers of agricultural machinery are trying to overcome today is that

they can develop the most appropriate technologies and products for the world's arable agricultural

areas in different structures. While Europe and North America respectively account for 4% and 10%

of the world's arable land, this rate is 35% for Asia, 24% for Africa, 18% for Latin America and 9% for

Australia. Nowadays, rise and diversification of demand for agricultural machinery and equipment

depend on such parameters as production patterns, product prices, alternative credit resources, and

credit costs. Agricultural needs that are different from each other can only be met by machine-

equipment designed and manufactured according to these needs. In this study, analyses of world

agriculture sector have been evaluated in terms of agricultural production, income, sectoral structure,

rural population, and level of trade and export. By evaluating world agricultural machinery

manufacturing industry, technological tendencies, in the sector have been put forward. The most

important result of the study is the growth of size in the farms in the developed countries like the

USA, Canada, the EU, Australia and in some Latin American countries like Argentina, Brazil, Mexico,

and the utilization of high technology is the most important advancement in the sector. In these

countries, a great number of sales of the agricultural machinery and equipments are mainly for

replacing the old technology equipments. On the other hand, the increase of the average farm size

affects the sales of the machines per farm negatively. However, this situation does not negatively

affect turnover as more expensive machines will be sold. Farmers demand the use of innovative

machines for private use and production, multi-tasking possession and include features that can be

used in niche production areas. Minimal energy consuming machines summarize safety, efficiency,

comfort and versatility expectations.

Keywords: Agricultural machinery, agricultural mechanization, agricultural machinery sector

AGME 2017

13th



45


A Study on the Different Soil Tillage Systems in First Crop Wheat and Second Crop Maize

Production in South Aegean Conditions

Harun Yalçın, Mehdi Demirci 1 EGE University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and

Technology, Bornova İZMİR TURKEY

This study was carried out in conditions of South Aegean Region; at the Dalaman Agricultural

Enterprises in 2013 and 2014 sowing seasons.

In this study, the best suitable soil tillage and sowing methods that can be used in first crop

wheat and second crop maize were investigated. For different tillage methods including Conventional

Tillage (CT), Reduced Tillage 1 (RT1), Reduced Tillage 2 (RT2) and Direct Planting (DP), applied in

first crop wheat and second crop maize has been compared in term of plant growing and yield. In the

study, fuel consumption and average labor success of machines, growing parameters such as average

outflow time of the plant, seedling emergence, plant height, thousand-kernel weight and grain yield

were determined. At the soil tillage and planting time, soil moisture content, soil bulk density and

penetration resistance were determined and the effects of tillage methods on soil particle size

distribution, soil salinity and organic matter content were investigated. The study was conducted

according to the completely randomized design with three replicates. As a result of the evaluation the

effect of tillage methods on yield of maize and wheat were significantly (p<0.05) different between

years. The highest and lowest yield for maize was detected in conventional and direct planting

method respectively. The highest grain yield of wheat planting was detected in direct planting method

in the first year, while it was detected in conventional tillage method in the second year. There was

not found a significant difference between treatments. The lowest yield in wheat planting was

obtained in RT2 at both years. The highest fuel consumption was observed in conventional tillage

method whereas the lowest value was found in direct planting method. The highest labor success was

detected in direct planting method, while the lowest values were determined in the RT1 and CT

methods.

Keywords: Soil tillage, first crop, second crop, wheat, maize, direct planting

AGME 2017

13th



46


A Change in Engineering Education of Turkey: Agricultural Machinery and Technologies

Engineering

Osman Gökdoğan1, Mehmet Fırat Baran

2

1Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University

2Adıyaman University

Engineering education in Turkey has started in 1926 as Machinery-Electricity education in

Machinery-Electricity Institute established under the Faculty of Science at Istanbul Darülfünun, which

was later re-named as Istanbul University in 1933. Following the process, different branches of

engineering were gradually included to engineering studies in Turkey. Ankara University Faculty of

Agriculture Department of Agricultural Machinery is the first institution in Turkey to provide university

level education in the field of Agricultural Machinery, let in its first students in 1954 and they were

graduated in 1958. Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering was structured under

agriculture faculties in 2014. Currently, there are 11 Universities providing education on Agricultural

Machinery and Technologies Engineering in Turkey. Among those universities, only 9 of them offer

undergraduate degree, 9 universities offer graduate degree, while 8 universities offer doctorate

degree. Students of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering Departments received

education on agriculture tractors, soil tillage mechanization, planting-culture-fertilization

mechanization, irrigation mechanization, plant protection mechanization, harvest-threshing

mechanization, agricultural mechanization management, computer aided machine design, precision

agriculture technology, air conditioning technique, farm mechanization, biogas, product processing

technique, compost technology etc. Graduates are being employed by the Ministry of Food,

Agriculture and Livestock and Special Agricultural Institutions.

Keywords: Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, education

AGME 2017

13th



47


CO2 Production by Fertilizers, Pesticides and Farmyard Manure Consumption in

Agricultural Production of Turkey

Beran Aday1, Can Ertekin

1, Fatih Evrendilek

2

1Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. Of Farm Machinery and Technologies

Engineering, Antalya, TURKEY 2Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. Of Environmental Engineering,

Bolu, TURKEY

The amount of agricultural production has to be increasing due to the population growth, so the

use of fertilizers (nitrogen, potassium oxide, phosphate etc.), pesticides (herbicide, fungicide,

insecticide etc.) and farmyard manure has reached high amounts. The usage also affected the amount

of released GHGs. The unconscious use of these products in agrıcultural production negatively affects

the nature. In this study, the minimum and maximum amount of fertilizer (potassium oxide,

phosphate, nitrogen), chemical pesticides (herbicide, insecticide and fungicide) and farmyard manure

were found in the literature for 57 different agricultural crops cultivated. Then, the production of these

crops were examined for Turkey and converted to the CO₂ equivalent by using the production area

with related coefficients. The results showed that, minimum and maximum GHG emission varied

between 262.28 and 2980.50 Gg CO₂eq for wheat, 50.25 and 238.34 Gg CO₂eq for cotton, and 23.80

and 179.50 Gg CO₂eq for tomatoes, respectively. So, there is a need for work to reduce GHG

emissions from fertilizers, pesticides and farmyard manure usage.

Keywords: CO2 production, agriculture, farmyard manure, pesticide, fertilizer

AGME 2017

13th



48


Online Soil Sensor for Variable Depth Subsoiling

Arif Behiç Tekin, Harun Yalçın Ege University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agricultural Engineering & Technology

Soil compaction is great problem since it affects crop growth and yield. The cause of soil

compaction is the result of management practice in agricultural production. In order to shatter hard

pan, sub soiling is implemented. Common practice is to apply subsoiler at few centimeters below the

hard pan. Management practices and variation at soil through field cause variation on soil compaction

degree and depth. Sub soiling at a certain deep depth can cause excessive energy consumption.

Therefore, depth variation of tillage equipment for sustainable agricultural production is needed.

Soil strength is the main indicator which depend on several soil properties such as bulk density,

moisture and organic matter content for determination of compaction. The goal of this study was to

develop an online sensor. It measures soil strength at multiple depths in order to determine the depth

of compacted soil layer. Therefore, the working depth can be adjusted on the go. 3D CAD Design

Software Solidworks was used for designing of the sensor. Depth measurement and control were

based on PLC system. The data gathering algorithm was developed in Phoenix Contact PC WORX

software. It records the data flowing from load cells and alters the depth of chisel. In order to

calibrate the load cell and compensate differences among load cells, laboratory tests were conducted.

Consequently, Online soil sensor for variable depth subsoiling was developed.

Keywords: Soil compaction, on the go sensor, sustainable agriculture

AGME 2017

13th



49


Status of the Hazelnut Production and Mechanization Possibilities in Turkey

Taner Yildiz Programme of Agricultural Machinery, Vocational School of Samsun, University of Ondokuz

Mayıs

Turkey is the highest producer of hazelnut in the World with a 70% of total production. The

hazelnut is mostly harvested for commercial purposes in the Black Sea Region in Turkey in an area

covering approximately 540.000 hectares over 13 provinces. Although there is a variety among years,

production amount can be reached to 500-600 thousand tons. Most of these areas which have more

than 20% slope, are not suitable for other agricultural uses. And also, slopes fragmentation of

cultivated areas and cultivar characteristics do not allow for mechanization except for lowland. In

Turkey, hazelnuts are generally hand-picked from the trees and dried in the sun. This leads to

increases in hazelnut production costs and also in labor-intensive requirements during harvest period.

This traditional harvesting method is more costly and requires high labor and exposure time during

the harvest period. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the hazelnut production stages and

mechanization possibilities in Turkey.

Keywords: Hazelnut production, hazelnut mechanization, mechanical harvest

AGME 2017

13th



50


Monitoring Water Stress on Olive Trees by Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technique

Eray Şen1, Arif Behiç Tekin

2, Erhan Akkuzu

1

1Department of Farm Structures and Irrigation, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

2Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

Precision agriculture is the heterogeneity management approach of natural phenomena on

agricultural domain. Using information technologies to accurately detect variation in the farmland, to

understand the problems and apply appropriate input for considering the variation is a way of

management circle. In this philosophy, in order to determine the variation effective tools are of

necessity. During the last decade, there are massive interests on developing monitoring tools to get

timely and accurate data. Therefore, lately hyper spectral imaging sensors are developed and used in

natural phenomena monitoring. Aerial and ground platforms carrying hyper spectral imaging sensors

would feed farm management software (decision support systems) for analyze and management

activities.

The main objective of this work is monitoring crop water stress on olive trees under water deficit

conditions. For this purpose, relationship will be investigated between midday stem water potential (a

method used to monitor crop water content) and hyper spectral imaging technique. Therefore, some

vegetation indices maintain from hyper spectral images such as NDVI (Normalized Difference

Vegetation Index), RDVI (Renormalized Difference Vegetation Index), OSAVI (Optimized Soil-Adjusted

Vegetation Index), WBI (Water Band Index) and SAVI (Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index) will be used to

determine which index will show the best correlation with stem water potential.

In this study, four different irrigation treatments which are K1 (non-irrigated), K2 (well irrigated),

K3 and K4 (deficit irrigation) will be used. The amount of irrigation water will be determined as

regards soil water content with gravimetric method the day before irrigation. Irrigation applications

will be done every Thursday and datas about hyper spectral imaging and stem water potential will be

collected every Wednesday. The study will be conducted from 1 June 2017 to 1 September 2017.

Keywords: Precision agriculture, hyper spectral imaging, crop water stress, stem water potential, olive trees

AGME 2017

13th



51


Design and Development of a Separating System for Some Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Deniz Yılmaz, Mehmet Emin Gökduman Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering

The number of plant species to be domestic and foreign traded in Turkey is nearly 400, 140 of

which more or less are subject to foreign trade sales. Many of these plants are collected as wild from

nature and processed.

However, some of the species being cultured are realized and the specific standards to enable

higher efficiency and quality production have been achieved by studies in recent years. For many

years, mechanization of harvesting and threshing has been successfully implemented for various crops

and has been developed depending on technological progress. However, the processes of threshing,

separating and cleaning of medicinal aromatic plants are carried out by conventional methods (by

hand) after the products are dried. This case leads to damage in the product, loss of labor and yield.

In order to help to overcome these disadvantages and separate the dried products from the foreign

materials such as stalk, spall and dust special seperating systems designed depending on the plant are

needed.

In this study, the separation-cleaning parameters required for some medicinal aromatic plants

(Thyme, Lavender, Sage, Rosemary), which have major cultivation areas for our country and the

Mediterranean Region, have been determined. Physical-mechanical properties of the materials such as

size properties, projection area, leaf / stem ratio were determined at the harvest moisture and the

system design has been realized. Additionally, performance values and working limits of the prototype

designed have been determined. The separation system consists of two sieves which have adjustable

vibrating, velocity and slope features.

According to the study results, separation efficiency for four varieties of medicinal and aromatic

plants used in the study has been changed between 53% and 97%. Work efficiency of separation

units has been changed between 1.24 kg/h and 4.01 kg/h. In different operations, specific power

consumption of separation unit has been changed between kg/h 4.26 kW/h and 27.31 kW/h.

The separating system, which is capable of compatible with the threshing systems, will provide

important contributions to hygiene and food safety as well as to the separation and cleaning of

medical aromatic plants.

*This study is contained some of the TUBITAK 3501 - Career Development Program (CAREER)

Project named “Determination of Some Threshing and Separation Parameters of Medical and Aromatic

Plants and Development of Prototype (111O179).”

Keywords: Mechanization, medicinal and aromatic plants, seperation, design of agricultural machinery

AGME 2017

13th



52


Comparison of Boom Design Parameters of Three Tractor Mounted Field Crop Sprayer

Medet İTMEÇ, Ali BAYAT Cukurova University, The Faculty of Agriculture,Department of Agriculturel Machinery and

Technologies Engineering, Adana

In spraying operations, design of boom and material used on the boom are very important for

spray distributions and boom life. Especially during the spraying operation, vibrations of the spray-

boom movement of field crop sprayers affect liquid distribution in a negative way.Rigidity of the

sprayer boom construction is a must, to restrain the vibrations. Beside the rigidity, construction

materials are desired to be ductile and not to permit sudden failure. In this study, three domestical

traditionally manufactured tractor mounted sprayer booms which have same boom widths but

different weights and designs, were evaluated in view of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly

(DFMA) which are used to minimize product cost through design and process improvements. Welded

parts (weld beads), machined parts, fasteners, assembly processes were counted. According to labor

cost and raw material datas, steel construction expenditure of all these sprayers were compared in

each other. To do these, all of these tractor mounted sprayers were drawn and assembled in

Autodesk Inventor Professional 2017 Educational.According to these booms weight and construction

design, strength of these tractor mounted sprayers were also compared by the aid of Autodesk

Inventor Static Analysis Module under 900N load. At the end of the study static analysis results of

these tractor mounted sprayers were monitored. Based on the results of statical stresses, design

evaluation and suggestions are also made at the end of results for decreasing labor cost, used raw

materials etc.

Keywords: Sprayer boom design, static analysis module of Autodesk Inventor, manufacturing costs

AGME 2017

13th



53


Determination of the Effect of Whey as a Nutritional Supplement in Different Growth

Medium Regarding to Its Potential to Biodiesel Feedstock Production

Hüseyin Duran1, Caner Koç

2, Maksut Barış Eminoğlu

2, Mine Ismailoğlu

2, Gökhan Taştan

3

1Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and

Technologies Engineerin, Samsun,TURKEY 2Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and

Technologies Engineering, Ankara, TURKEY 3Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, TURKEY

Large-scale production of microalgae is a costly process because of high costs of microalgae

feed, artificial lighting and operational costs. Whey (CW) is one of the agricultural waste materials

which contains high amounts of protein and minerals and is considered as a feed source for Chlorella

vulgaris. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of wheyon biomass production of

Chlorella vulgaris. Chlorella vulgaris was produced in four different growth medium of 1) Blue Green

Medium(BG11) Chlorella vulgaris 2) Blue Green Medium(BG11) whey (CW) Chlorella vulgaris 3) Bold’s

Basal Medium (BMM) Chlorella vulgaris and 4) Tap water(TW) Chlorella vulgaris. After 21 days of

experimentation, the highest number microalgae cells, biomass gain and lipid were observed in Bold's

Basal Medium (BMM) Chlorella vulgaris growth medium containing as 79.7x106 cell.mL-1, 10.14 g.L-1

and 20.7%, respectively. It is found that wheycan be considered as a promising feed source for the

production of Chlorella vulgaris.

Keywords: Microalgae, photobioreactor, chlorella vulgaris, cheese whey, biomass

AGME 2017

13th



54


Design and Development of a Low-cost UAV for Pesticide Applications

Caner Koç1, Huseyin Duran

2, Osman Efe Özkan

1, Mustafa Vatandaş

1

1Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and

Technologies Engineering, Ankara, TURKEY 2Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and

Technologies Engineerin, Samsun,TURKEY

Intensive pesticide applications are used for plant protection in Turkey and in the world. Orchard

sprayers, field sprayers and atomizers are commonly used machinery for pesticide applications. The

recent developments in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies have made multirotor UAVs

suitable for precision pesticide applications as these vehicles do not damage crop due to field traffic,

can operate in sloping terrain freely and have data storage capabilities. Despite these advantages,

their relatively high costs and requirements for technical skills to operate these vehicles are among

the factors limiting their use in agriculture. In this research, a prototype multirotor UAV for aerial

pesticide applications was designed and manufactured. Computer aided design and analyses were

used for the development of the UAV. The developed hexacopter UAV has an aluminum frame and

carries a 5 liters pesticide tank and powered by a 222 W battery. The UAV is also equipped with an

aerial camera, GPS and electronics a suitable for autonomous flights. The laboratory and field

experiments were conducted to verify the features of the developed UAV successfully.

Keywords: Hexacopter, UAV, pesticide application, precision agriculture, image analysis.

AGME 2017

13th



55


Determination of the Transverse Distribution Pattern According to Different Operating

Pressure and Different Spray Jet Velocity of Electropar Field Pulverizator

Muhammed Cemal Toraman1, Ali Bayat

2, Medet Itmeç

2

1Department of horticulture agriculture, ÇMYO, Hakkari University, Turkey

2Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technology Engineering, Çukurova University,

Turkey

Expected efficiacy of any agricultural pesticide varies depending on the operating parameters of

the plant protection machine and the selected machine used in spraying. Today, field sprayers are

widely used in field crop spraying with different widths of spraying booms. It is especially difficult to

work at high spraying speeds due to the large boom width and boom weight with field sprayers with

large working widths. In this study, a commercial sprayer with the name of "Elektropar", which does

not have the booms of spraying unite on was operated at three different operating pressures (1, 2

and 3 MPa) and two nozzle osculating speeds (44 and 60 rev.min-1) in which nozzles were oscillating

in the reverse direction each other, and transvers spray pattern uniformity was tested by measuring

liquid in a mobile patternator collectors. Operation of the high pressure cone jet nozzle unit at 3 MPa

pressure and 60 rev.min-1 speeds, provided a more transverse uniform distribution than other

operating parameters. Increasing of the operating pressure causes increasing of the volume flow rate

of liquid that accumulates in the patternator collectors at the same operating height and sampling

distance, since it affects the increase. The optimum working width in the operating conditions of the

Elektropar sprayer varied from 10,65 to 12.80 m depending on the spray head unit-osculating rate

and spray pressure.

Keywords: Electropar sprayer, high pressure jet nozzles, patternator, transverse distribution,

work width

AGME 2017

13th



56


Design and Development of a Threshing System for Some Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Deniz Yılmaz, Mehmet Emin Gökduman Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering

Medicinal and aromatic plants used widely in many fields such as pharmaceutical, food, spices,

dyes, cosmetics and perfumery in the world increases the importance and currency. Many medicinal

and aromatic plants are collected as wild from nature and processed. Mechanization of harvesting and

threshing is one of the most important stages in the agricultural production. Threshing of grains and

legumes is realized by machines such as combine harvester in the world. Threshing of other plants is

conducted by traditional methods of threshing or semi-mechanized systems. Despite the advances in

breeding and cultivation of medical and aromatic plants, threshing and separation are carried out once

products are dried by conventional methods (by hand). This case leads to damage in the product, loss

of labor and yield. In order to resolve these drawbacks for the threshing process, special threshing

systems designed depending on the plant are needed.

In this study, the threshing system parameters required for some medicinal aromatic plants used

their leaves (Thyme, Lavender, Sage, Rosemary) and which have major growing areas in our country

and Mediterranean region have been determined. Physico-mechanical properties used in the design of

the threshing system were determined in three different moisture range for each plant and the system

design has been made according to the harvest moisture values. Additionally, performance values and

working limits of the prototype designed have been determined. The threshing system consists of an

elevator feedband and a threshing unit with two beaters.

According to the study results, threshing efficiency for four varieties of medicinal and aromatic

plants used in the study has been changed between 62% and 94%. Work efficiency of threshing units

has been changed between 1.69 kg/h and 12.51 kg/h. Power requirements and specific energy

consumption of threshing units have been determined as 0,241- 0,905 kW and 0.05-0.33 kWh/kg

respectively.

The study will contribute to the development of mechanization for the threshing of medical

aromatic plants increased in production and use in our country in recent years, and will help to

overcome the problems encountered in the threshing mechanization.

*This study is contained some of the TUBITAK 3501 - Career Development Program (CAREER)

Project named “Determination of Some Threshing and Separation Parameters of Medical and Aromatic

Plants and Development of Prototype (111O179).”

Keywords: Mechanization, medicinal and aromatic plants, threshing, design of agricultural

machinery

AGME 2017

13th



57


Evaluation of Droplet Size Spectra for Agricultural Pesticide Applications Using Water

Sensitive Paper and Image Analysis Technique

Abdullah Beyaz1, İbrahim Çilingir

1, Metin Dağtekin

2, Dilara Gerdan

1

1Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture,

Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 2Ceyhan Technical College, Çukurova University, Ceyhan, Adana, Turkey

The aim of this study,evaluation of the average droplet size, and range of droplets which are

affecting the agricultural pesticide quality using image analysis techniques.

In the research, 26 x 76 mm water sensitive paper was used for droplet diameter measurement

which is produced by Ciba-Geigy with a little sprayer. Nikon D300s camera body and 105 mm macro

lens used for image capture. Image J software was used for image evaluations and also Microsoft

Excel software was used for evaluation of numerical data.

At the end of the research, number median diameter (NMD), diameter surface (ds), volume

median diameter (VMD), sauter diameter (dv/s), VMD and NMD values calculated. Also VMD/NMD was

found from evaluations.

Keywords: Image processing, image analysis, image J, droplet size, water-sensitive card

AGME 2017

13th



58


Kinematic Analysis Of Tractor Motor Crank - Rod Mechanism

Abdullah Beyaz1, Metin Dağtekin

2

1Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture,

Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 2Ceyhan Technical College, Çukurova University, Ceyhan, Adana, Turkey

It is necessary to carry out various movements to understand the functions of agricultural ma-

chines. These movements are usually taken from the tractor shaft, the hydraulic control system or the

wheel. Various mechanisms are used to ensure movement and to make agricultural ma-chinery work.

With these mechanisms, the direction and the number of movements can be changed. One of these

mechanisms is crank - rod mechanisms and these mechanisms turn ac-tions into a complex

movement. Consequently, the crank-rod mechanism of the tractor motor can be analyzed with limb

mechanisms. In this study, the crank-rod mechanism of a tractor mo-tor was dimensioned in different

lengths and subjected to kinematic analysis of MSC ADAMS software. The kinematic analysis of a

single crank-rod mechanism for the engine gives important information about the tractor engine.

Kinematic evaluation parameters of these mechanisms can be listed as displacement, velocity, and

acceleration. These values related to the crank-rod mechanism of the tractor engine are evaluated

and presented in the results and discussion sec-tion of the paper for a better understanding of the

kinematic characteristics of the crank-rod motion.

Keywords: Tractor, kinematic analysis, crank - rod mechanism, MSC ADAMS.

AGME 2017

13th



59


The Comparison of Tillage Efficiencies of Different Tillage Methods and the Effect of

Allelopathic Applications on Weed Manifestations on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Royal Grape in

Organic Vineyard

Engin Çakır1, Harun Yalcin

1, Koray Kacan

2, Fadime Ateş

3

1Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,Ege Unversity, izmir, Turkey

2Ortaca Vocational School, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey

3Viticulture Research Institute, Manisa, Turkey

The study was carried out on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Royal grape which was planted 110 R

rootstocks with a spacing of 2 m. × 3 m. and was cultivated with the double cordon training system in

Manisa Viticulture Research Institute from 2012 to 2016. The objectives of this study were to compare

tillage efficiencies of different tillage methods and determine the effects of Allelopathic Applications on

Weed Manifestations on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Royal grape in organic vineyard. Tillage methods were

conventional method, two conservation tillage methods; chisel and heavy duty disk harrow, and no-

till. Tillage speed, fuel consumptions and tillage efficiency were measured for effectiveness of tillage

method. Allelopathic applications were Antep radish (Raphamus raphanistrum L.), Broccoli (Brassica

oleracea L. var. İtalica), Olive mill wastewater and control. Statistical analyses were made according to

Split-plot design with the whole plots design trials with three replicates consisting of 12 vines per

parcel and total 576 vine (4 different tillage X 4 allelopathic application X 3 replications X each

replication contains 12 vine).

According to the results, tillage methods were found statistically significant for both tillage

efficiency and fuel consumptions. Beside no-till at which no tillage was applied, the best results were

obtained from tillage method heavy duty disk harrow with maximum tillage efficiency of 12,92 da/h

and minimum fuel consumption of 0,74 L/da. Conventional tillage with plough was the worst scenario

for tillage due to having minimum tillage efficiency of 7,85 da/h and maximum fuel consumption of

1,60 L/da comparing other tillage methods.

The weed manifestation was the worst in no-till application when comparing plots in which

tillage applied. The weed density was 132,44 weeds per m2 area in no-till plots whereas conventional

plot had the minimum weed density of 51,83 weeds per m2 area. Broccoli was found the best method

for suppressing the weed manifestations comparing other allelopathic applications.

Keywords: Allelopathy, organic vineyard, no-tillage, soil tillage, tillage efficiency

AGME 2017

13th



60


Development of Automatic Steering System for Tractors

Arda Altinkaradağ1, Bahattin Akdemir

1, Erdoğan Kesici

2, Ahmet Yucel Urusan

3

1Department of Biosystem Engineering, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey

2Hattat Tractor, Agriculture Machines, Tekirdag, Turkey

3Geomatics Application and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey

Effective using of agricultural inputs is possible with automated agricultural mechanization. Rows

can be tillaged in paralel with auto-steering tractors, agricultural operations such as tillage, planting,

fertilizing, spraying, such as agricultural operations can be performed more successfully. Fuel, time

and labor savings can be achieved with using auto-steering tractors. Objective of this research is to

develope an automatic steering system for tractors and to perform its tests by integrating a tractor.

The system consists of, steering control unit, GNSS, user interface, and the central control unit.

Different working tracks can be choosen according to working conditions of the tractor and

equipment. The position of auto-steering tractor was determined by the GNSS. Electrohydraulic valves

steer the tractor through commands from electronic control unit that processes positioning data.

Laboratory tests such as positioning system tests, route following test, test of receiving GNSS data

with CAN BUS as well as steering angle tests were conducted and systems were worked with harmony

and without any problem between components. GNSS was tested on road and in fixed points as well

as in field tests and all data were recorded simultaneously. According to results of route tracking

performance test with developed camera measuring system, the smallest mean deviation was

measured 0.44 m at 18 km/h and highest mean deviation was measured 0,124 m at 2,4 km/h

respectively. Average 0,163 m and 0,32 m deviations were also determined at the field tests that were

performed without equipments and with and without equipments respectively. As a result of field tests

with equipments, it was determined that performance of automatic steering system was affected from

equipments behind tractor. Due to independence of control system from speed, deviation reduced

when speed increased.

Keywords: Auto-steering, tractor, GNSS

AGME 2017

13th



61


Briquetting Experiment from Bulk Jatropha Seedcake and Rice Husk under Universal

Compression Testing Machine

Abraham Kabutey1, Cimen Demirel

2, David Herak

1, Gurkan A. K. Gurdil

2

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life

Sciences Prague, Czech Republic 2Department of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University,

Samsun, Turkey

The study investigated the use of universal compression testing equipment and a pressing vessel

diameter of 60 mm with a plunger for briquettes compaction from jatropha seed cake and rice husk.

The biomass materials were measured at a pressing height of 60 mm and compressed by applying

varying forces between 100 and 400 kN at a speed of 5 mm/min. Parameters including the

deformation, briquettes thickness, hardness and energy were determined. The experimental

relationship between the force and deformation curve for all experiments as well as the energy which

is characterized by the area under the force and deformation curve were theoretically described

employing the tangent curve mathematical model which is optimal for data fitting and applicable in

Mathcad 14 software. Based on the tangent curve model; the force coefficient of the mechanical

behaviour (N), the deformation coefficient of mechanical behaviour (mm-1) and the exponent of the

fitting function (-) were determined and statistically analyzed using the Statistica 13 software. The

briquettes from jatropha seedcake required considerable energy compared to rice husk biomass

briquettes. For all the applied forces, the numerical energy for jatropha seedcake ranged from

455.28±2.55 to 1683.42±4.47 J whiles that of rice husk ranged from 496.99±10.13 to 1423.91±62.60

J. The analytical energy, on the other hand, for jatropha seedcake ranged from 464.50±24.76 to

1751.20±44.29 whiles that of rice biomass ranged from 482.19±40.47 to 1266.74±222.96 J. The

fitting curves based on the tangent curve model were statistically significant where the values of F-

critical were higher than the values of F-ratio, p-values were higher than the significance level of 0.05.

The coefficients of determination (R2) were 99%. The study revealed that energy requirement of

briquettes densification from agricultural residues or materials can be estimated accurately in

compression loading test. However, it is important to consider the effect of briquette formation such

as binders, water addition as well as the physical properties including durability, compressive strength,

calorific value, density and moisture content on energy demand for assessing the quality of biomass

briquettes.

Keywords: Agricultural residues, briquettes densification, specific energy, physical properties

AGME 2017

13th



62


Design and Control of a Active Suspension System for Unmanned Agricultural Vehicles for

Field Operations

Hugo Rafacho Fernandes, Angel Pontin Garcia, Inacio Maria Dal Fabbro Departament of Agricultural Machines, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

In unmanned vehicle designs, whether autonomous or remotely controlled, it is important to use

an efficient suspension system to allow free transit of the vehicle on uneven terrains, such as the

agricultural one. The present work proposes a new kind of active suspension system for unmanned

agricultural vehicles destined to field operations. It presents the design and control of the mechanism

in which was developed a ZMP-fuzzy control system that allowed to guarantee the stability and the

working height within the established standards. The maximum found errors varied from

approximately 5mm to the working height and 80mm to the zero moment point.

Keywords: Unmaned vehicles, ZMP, fuzzy control

AGME 2017

13th



63


Coverage Nitrogen Fertilization Applied to Carrot (Daucus Carota L), Grows Under

Conventional Soil Cultivation

Celina De Almeida1, Inacio Maria Dal Fabbro

2

1Department of Agricultural Engineering, State University of Minas Gerais, Passos,MG, Brazil

2Department of Agricultural Engineering, FEAGRI, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil

This paper reports experimental results of a project carried with carrot (Daucus carota L) grown

on the State University of Minas Gerais Experimental Farm in order to determine the optimum

nitrogen dosage based on the carrots quality and yielding. The soil was initially prepared under

conventional system keeping the bed dimensions of 4.0 m x 1.1 m and of 0.20 m height by using a

rotary tiller coupled to a tractor. The experimental design was defined as random blocs with 05

treatments of nitrogen dosage as well as 05 replications, totalizing 25 parcels. A rate of 20 kg/ha of

nitrogen was applied at the planting operation. Next, the same nitrogen quantity was applied in

coverage 15 days after seeding, following by another quantity of 20 kg/ha 30 days after seeding. On

the 60th after seeding the nitrogen dosage was increased for each treatment as T1 = 0 kg/ha; T2 =

20 kg/ha; T3 = 60 kg/ha; T4 = 100 kg/ha; T5 = 140 kg/ha. The variables of leafs and root length,

root average diameter as well as final was determined for each treatment and analyzed through the

Analysis of Variance as well through the Tuckey Test. Results allowed to conclude that the studied

variables were significant in relation to treatment and the treatment T3 which received additional 60

kg/ha of nitrogen in coverage yielded 67,5 ton/ha which was considered higher than the remaining

treatment.

Keywords: Carrots, coverage nitrogen application, soil conventional cultivation.

AGME 2017

13th



64


Orange Fruit (Citrus Sinensis) Detachment Force Analysis at Different Maturation Level

João Paulo Souza Aciole1, Jonathan Gazzola

2, José Aguiar Dos Santos Jr.

3, Inacio Maria Dal

Fabbro4

1Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Se, Brazil.

2Federal University of S.Carlos, Natural Science Center, Buri, SP, Brazil

3Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Se, Brazil

4State University of Campinas, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Campinas, SP, Brazil.

Despite Brazil has been qualified as the biggest worldwide citrus producer, its production is

supported by a deficient mechanization, mainly at the harvesting process. High harvesting equipment

costs are considered the main reason for the citrus mechanized production development in the

country. Fruit mechanical and geometrical characteristics are the first step toward the development of

harvesting machines. Detachment force is significantly important to orange piking devices design. The

energy required to break the fruit peduncle varies during the maturation process which indicates the

possibility to determine the optimal force during the desired time in the maturation period. The

objective of this research work was to measure the fruit detachment force (FDF) of oranges (Citrus

sinensis) belonging to the variety named Pera. A number of 20 individuals at different and distinct

ages. were randomly collected and classified as mature and non-mature. Uniaxial traction tests were

carried by means of a specially designed apparatus. Results showed the average value of 6,46 kgf for

mature fruits meanwhile the non-mature ones exhibited an average value of 11,94 kgf. Based on

these results, it can be conclude that the fruit age is an important attribute in orange harvesting

equipment development.

Keywords: Citrus harvesting, citrus mechanical properties, harvesting equipment.

AGME 2017

13th



65


Advanced Simulation Techniques for Optimal ROPS Performance

Daniele Speziani, Lorenzo Vagnetti R&D Dept. Phitec Ingegneria Srl, Rivoli (TO), Italy

To prevent driver injuries during the event of a tractor rollover it is today mandatory to evaluate

the cabin strength using a procedure that applies a sequence of load according to international

standard.

The cabin metal frame act as a Roll Over Protection System (ROPS) and its deformation must be

controlled in order to guarantee an adequate survival space for the driver.

Cabin strength evaluation is a destructive test, cabin producer must build a real prototype and

sacrifice it to obtain the position of failure points, those information are used for a new structural

design and the test is repeated until the fulfillment of the target. This process is inefficient from time

and cost point of view.

Computer simulation can be used a-priori to evaluate cabin strength, in the current work the

non-linear code LS-Dyna has been used as it can handle: material non-linearity, contacts and large

deformations. All three effects are present, in different quantity, in ROPS strength evaluation.

The use of computer simulation can shorten the development process because unfeasible design

will be immediately discharged. An additional advantage is that computer simulations can explore

completely new designs without the need of building costly prototypes.

The methodology presented is based on the reversal of the loading sequence used for ROPS

strength evaluation. The latter load is applied first and the structure is modified, using topology

optimization, in order to behave as the stiffest possible. Once a feasible solution is achieved the

second last load is applied, the process is repeated up to the first ROPS load.

This method has the advantage of searching for the most efficient structure that can bear the

ROPS load.

Keywords: ROPS, LS-DYNA, topology optimization

AGME 2017

13th



66


The Possibility of Using Multi-Hole Gas Nozzles for Flame Torches Used for Weed Control

Çağdaş Turaloğlu, Selçuk Arslan Uludağ Üniversity

The objective of this study was to develop a multi-hole gas nozzle that can be used on weed

flamers. For this purpose, five different multi-hole gas nozzles were built, tested at a pressure range

of 0.1-0.3 MPa, and pressure-flow rate characteristics were determined. Two of these nozzles were

found inappropriate and the further study was focused on the remaining nozzles to determine

necessary ground speeds to apply the desired LPG doses. The tested nozzles were 3 holes with 1 mm

diameter, 3 holes with 0.8 mm, and 5 holes with 0.5 mm. The nozzle with 3 holes with 1 mm

diameter provided the necessary LPG doses of 30-90 kg/ha at pressures of 0.2 to 0.3 MPa. Compared

to the domestic commercial gas nozzles that can be readily found in the market, the nozzle that was

built reduced the required ground speed at low gas dose applications, increasing the ground speed at

high doses. As a result, the required ground speed range of 1.8-8.1. km/h of a weed flamer operated

at 0.2 MPa constant pressure was improved to 3.5-6.5 km/h. Thus, field capacity of the flamer could

be improved since ground speed can be increased at the highest dose. Although the field capacity

would be lower compared to commercial nozzle at low doses, the exposure time to flame would be

increased by 20%, which may enhance the efficiency of the flaming. Additionally, the multi-hole

nozzle enabled a better flame distribution in the flame torch. As a conclusion, the gas nozzle with

three holes with 1 mm hole diameter could be a better alternative compared to the commercial single

hole gas nozzle.

Keywords: Weed control, weed flamer, flame torch, gas nozzle

AGME 2017

13th



67


Developing a Spot Spraying System for a Field Sprayer Using Machine Vision

Hayrettin Karaöl1, Selçuk Arslan

2, Ali Aybek

1, Ismail Gizlenci

1

1Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversity

2Uludağ Üniversity

Research on precision agriculture is gaining importance in Turkey but variable rate application is

still in its infancy. The objective of this study was to develop a machine vision system to detect green

objects and then develop a spot spraying system of a field sprayer to reduce herbicides. A total of

seven nozzles were controlled using three solenoids. A camera was mounted at the front of the tractor

to detect the green objects placed on a flat surface at different spacings. A controller was installed in

the hydraulic system to convert the pressure controlled field sprayer to a speed controlled sprayer so

that inaccuracies could be reduced during spraying application. The tests were conducted at ground

speeds of 4, 5, and 6 km/h. The images from the camera were divided into three regions, each for

one solenoid, and were analyzed using Matlab software to determine which area(s) should be sprayed

instantaneously. The data transfer was done using the OPC server software to a Programmable Logic

Controller (PLC). The time delay was determined using the date from a laser ground speed sensor and

the distance between the camera and the nozzles. The time delays were 3.6, 3.0, 2.52 s for ground

speeds of 4, 5, and 6 km/h, respectively. The spraying was initiated 30 cm before and after the object

during the tests for targets spaced at 1 m distances. Compared to broadcast spraying, the spot

spraying could reduce the applied amount of liquid by %25 to %30 under the test conditions used in

this study.

Keywords: Machine vision, image processing, weed control, variable rate application

AGME 2017

13th



68


A Review of Pellet Die Specifications and Its Effects on Pelletizing Operations

Hasan Yilmaz, Mehmet Topakci Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture,

Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

Biomass pellets have been important alternative energy fuel in last decade. Increasing demand

of biomass pellets in all over the world has led to increased production. Generally, agricultural and

forestry residues using for produce biomass pellets after drying and grinding operation of raw

materials. In the pelletizing process, some major parts of the pelletizing machine have significant

importance. Pelletizing unit consist of two main parts which are compaction rollers and pellet die with

conical holes. Further, pelletizing machines divided into two types depending on the die types. One of

them is flat die which using for small scale or low-capacity pellet production, The other is a ring die for

commerical using and high capacity pellet production. During the pelletizing process, too much forces

occur on die surface and rollers at both types of machines. After prolonged use forces between die

and rollers lead to some deformation and it may effect production rate, electric power consumption,

maintence cost of pelletizer and pellet physical qualities. The key factors of selection and designing

suitable die for pelletizing proccess are die material, geometric elements of die and matching between

raw material physical properties with die specifications. This paper reviews about pelletizing machines

die types and its spesifications related with pelletizing proccess.

Keywords: Biomass pellet, pellet die, pellet mill, pelletizer

AGME 2017

13th



69


Comparison of Two Methods for Evaluation of Microwave Application Effects for Killing

Weeds

Ikbal Aygun1, Engin Cakir

1, Koray Kacan

2

1Department of Agricultural Enginnering and Technology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

2Sitki Kocman university, Ortaca Vocational School, Mugla, Turkey

Different methods other than herbicides are used for controlling weeds especially in organic

farming. Among these methods microwave applications are very new method for killing the weeds.

Just recently conducted researches proved that microwave energy can control the weeds effectively.

It is well known fact that herbicides use for controlling weeds destroys the environment and increases

the cost. New methods such like microwave applications are considered for controlling weed plants

due to the growing concerns about herbicide resistance and chemical residues in the environment.

One of the main problems for microwave applications is that deciding the right method for

evaluation of the results. The objective of this study was to compare two methods, 0-5 scale and

GR50, for evaluation of the data at the stage of determining if the weed is killed totally with

microwave applications. This study was conducted at laboratory conditions and four weed varieties

cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), Johnson Grass (Sorghum halepense (L.)), Black Nightshade

(Solanum nigrum), Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon) were killed by microwave power at microwave

laboratory prototype. Weeds with three different development stages were exposed to minimum 0,8

kW and maximum 5,6 kW microwave power with two different forward speeds were 0,3–0,1 m s-1.

The 0-5 scale methods and GR50 method which is commonly used for evaluation of the data in

herbicide use are used for evaluation of the data.According to the results; in the first growing stage of

the weeds similar results were found in both methods. There was found no statistical difference

between two methods in the first stage of the weeds. In the second and third stages of the weeds,

the differences were found for evaluation of the data with two methods. According to the

observations, the weeds that were killed by microwave energy were indicated died weeds by 0-5 scale

whereas GR50 method did not agree with the scale method. Evaluations of control and microwave

applied weeds by GR50 method were found to be statistically not significant. This is because there

was found no difference for dry weights of control and microwave applied weeds after applications

with GR50 method.

Keywords: Microwave power, weed management, scale method, GR50 method

AGME 2017

13th



70


Effect of Different Cow Traffic Types on the Robot Performance in the Farms with

Automatic Milking Systems

Halil Unal1, Hasan Kuraoğlu

2

1Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey

2Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Natural Science, Uludag University, Bursa,

Turkey

The robotic milking system performances on three farms where free and directed cow traffic was

applied were examined in this study. There are 123 Holstein cows on Farm A where free traffic is

selected and 104 and 102 Holstein cows on Farms B and C, respectively, where the milk first cow

traffic is applied first. Daily milking frequency per cow was found to be the highest on “B” farm with

2.85, and it was followed by Farm C with 2.69, and Farm A with 2.36. Upon examining the number of

daily refusals on the farms, it was seen that it is significantly higher on Farm A with the number of

refusals of 34.93 when compared to the other two farms (P<0.05). The farm where the number of

daily milking per robot and the number of cows milked were the highest among the farms was found

to be Farm A with the values of 146.5 and 61.9. The daily numbers of milking per robot on Farms A

and B where both robots were located in the same barn were found to be close to each other in the

robots on the same farm (146.5; 146.5 and 144.0; 147.6). It was recorded that the numbers of

milking of the robots on Farm C where the robots were located in different barns were different from

one another (135.6; 143.5). The farm where the hourly milking capacities of the two robots were the

lowest throughout the day was found to be Farm A with 4.4 visits, and it was followed by Farms B and

C with 6.5 and 7.2 visits. Robot loading was found to be higher on Farm A when compared to the

other farms (78.09%). This reduced the period wasted on Farm A by 15.23%, while the number of

milking came to the forefront 2x, 3x and 4x times on Farms B and C, the ratio of cow milked 1x, 2x

and 3x times gained intensity on Farm A.

Keywords: Automatic milking system (AMS), cow traffic system, milking capacity, robotic load,

milk yield, milking frequency

AGME 2017

13th



71


Microwave, Convective and Natural Drying Characteristics of Cherry Stalks

Ilknur Alibas, Aslihan Yilmaz Department of Biosystems Engineering, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey

Cherry stalks, which weighs 20 ± 0.18 g with moisture of 3.0044 ± 0.0335 [kg(moisture) kg-

1(dry matter)], were dried using three drying methods, microwave, convective and natural drying.

Drying continued until stalks moisture was reduced to 0.1115 ± 0.001 [kg(moisture) kg-1(dry

matter)]. Drying treatments in microwave drying were 1000, 500 and 200 W while drying trials in

convective drying were 50 and 100°C. Drying periods lasted 8 - 70 min for microwave drying whereas

they lasted 180 - 369 min for convective drying. Natural drying was lasted for 5280 min on June in

Bursa. Measured values of moisture were compared with predicted values obtained from twenty-one

thin-layer equations. The best model in convective drying trials was Alibas model. Whereas the best

model in natural and microwave drying conditions was Modified Henderson and Pabis model. In this

study, color parameters and chlorophyll content were measured. The best quality parameters (color

and chlorophyll) were obtained natural drying and microwave drying at 1000 W. However, the natural

drying took 660 times longer than the microwave drying at 1000 W. By using the microwave drying at

1000 W, the optimum conditions (drying period, energy consumption, color and chlorophyll content)

were obtained.

Keywords: Cherry stalks, chlorophyll, color, drying, energy consumption, modeling.

AGME 2017

13th



72


Development of an Electro-Hydraulic Control Unit for Field Sprayer

Caner Koç1, Hüseyin Duran

2, M. Barış Eminoğlu

1, Mustafa Vatandaş

1

1Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and

Technologies Engineering,Ankara-TURKEY 2Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and

Technologies Engineering, Samsun-TURKEY

In this work, an electro-hydraulic control unit and mobile phone application was developed for

the remote monitoring and control of a field sprayer. In addition, a field sprayer prototype was

designed and modeled. The features of the machine are that it is suitable for variable rate application,

sprayer nozzles can be controlled selectively and the machine has an active boom suspension system

to keep the booms parallel to the field surface. The field sprayer has a length of 24 m and is equipped

with a microcontroller, a custom built sprayer boom height control mechanism, GPS, ultrasonic

sensors and variable rate spray nozzles. The mobile application developed, under test conditions,

allows the operator to set the desired application rate, monitor and control the nozzles using a mobile

electronic device or over the internet. The mobile application is suitable for smart phones and tablet

computers using Android and iOS operating systems.

Keywords: field sprayer, precision agriculture, simulation, Android, iOS,

AGME 2017

13th



73


Determining the Field Performance and Cost Analysis of Walk Behind Type Semi-

Automatic Hand Feed Vegetable Transplanter

Erdem Aykas, R. Cengiz Akdeniz, Fırat Kömekçi, Ceren Kömekçi Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Ege University, Izmir,

Turkey

This study was carried out to determine field performance of walk behind type semi-automatic

hand feed vegetable transplanter with one row. Experiments were conducted in region of Menderes,

Bayındır and Torbalı in İzmir. During the experiments, walk behind type semi-automatic hand feed

vegetable transplanter with one row (WBM) was compared with tractor mounted semi-automatic hand

feed vegetable transplanter with three-row (TMM) and hand planting (CP) widely used in the regions

aforementioned above. Plant spacing, depth of planting and holding force to soil of tomato and

pepper seedlings planted with WBM, TMM and CP were measured and take-root rates of these

seedlings were calculated. In addition to field capacity of WBM, TMM and CP, total cost analysis of

WPM, TMM and CP were comparatively given with fuel consumption of WBM and TMM. Slippage of

WBM’s drive wheel was also determined.

Keywords: Walk behind type planter, performance, cost analysis

AGME 2017

13th



74


Fabrication and Evaluation of an Electronic System for Determining of Loads on the Rear

Axle of Cereals Combine Harvesters

Hassan Masoudi, Azam Rezaei, Hassan Zaki Dizaji, Mohammad Esmaeil Khorasani Ferdavani Department of Biosystems Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Cereals combine harvester is one of the agricultural machines that works in difficult conditions.

There are a lot of reports about damage to the rear axle of JD955 combines used in Iran. Therefore,

measuring the actual loads on axle in different working conditions is essential to correct the structure

and optimize its design. The purpose of this research was to design and construct a system that can

instantaneously measure and store the loads applied to the rear axle of the combine harvester in

various conditions so that they can be used in subsequent analysis's. The constructed electronic

system had a special steel coupling, a 10 tons pressure load cell, an amplifier circuit to increase the

load cell output voltage, a data logger, and a computer for displaying and storing of data. The system

was installed by the coupling on middle of the rear axle of the combine harvester. The evaluation

tests were carried out in stationary and driving states on asphalt and soil roads and fields with

different forward speeds at five replications. During the tests, all loads on the axle were recorded in

different conditions. The analysis of the system's evaluation results showed that the accuracy of the

system was acceptable and we can trust to the performance of the system.

Keywords: Cereals combine harvesters, rear axle, electronic system, couplings, load cell.

AGME 2017

13th



75


Soil CO2 Emissions under Short-Term Tillage Effect

Kaan Küçükerdem, Sefa Altıkat, Emrah Kuş Department of Biosystem Engineering, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey

In this study, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions according to different tillage practices for two

times plough and cultivator (P1), rotary tiller driving in 1 m.h-1 (P2), rotary tiller driving in 2 m.h-1

(P3), two times cultivator (P4), and control plot (P5) were determined. Soil carbon dioxide emissions

were measured after tillage using a movable soil CO2 measurement system. Penetration resistance,

soil bulk density, temperature, moisture and porosity were also measured beside soil CO2.

According to the results, CO2 emissions in all treatments (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) were determined

as on average 10.63, 6.56, 5.57, 5.63 and 5.05 µmol.m-2.s-1, respectively. It was observed that CO2

emission level in the P1 treatment was higher in comparison with those of the other treatments. Soil

bulk density was observed between 0.90 and 1.09 g.cm-3 and it was higher level at control plot (P5)

on the contrary soil porosity was higher at P1 treatment. The difference between the soil moisture

depending on treatment was not significant.

Keywords: Soil CO2, soil tillage, soil physical properties, plough, rotary tiller

AGME 2017

13th



76


Multi-Farm Use of Machinery and Cooperative: Example of Amasya Province

Ayten Esra Zeyrek Department of Agricultural Sales Cooperatives, General Directorate for Cooperative, Ankara,

Turkey

Cooperatives protect their members’ economic benefits and ensure their needs originating from

their livelihood or profession, by the way of welfare, solidarity and guarantee. In Turkey, cooperatives

operate in many fields, notably agriculture. To give some examples, agricultural development

cooperatives, beet planters cooperatives, agricultural credit cooperatives and agricultural sales

cooperatives are successful ones. They purchase members’ products, give them credit and market

their products. And also they provide seed, fertilizer, pesticide and agricultural machine and

equipment to the members for lower prices.

With the purpose of multi-farm use of machinery, the first cooperative in the world was

established in France (known as CUMA - Cooperative d’Utilisation de Materiel Agricole) after the

Second World War. These cooperatives have purposes like buying costly agricultural machines which

are not bought individually while overcoming the lack of capital, evaluating the idle mechanisation and

preventing waste of the resources.

In Turkey, the models for the use of machinery are listed as state machinery parks, neighbour

cooperation, the construction business for machines and agricultural cooperatives. Recently, in

Turkey, the first multi-farm use of machinery cooperative under the name of “Amasya Multi-Farm Use

of Machinery Cooperative” was established in Amasya Province. In this study, the Cooperative in

Amasya will be discussed and evaluated with the other models.

Keywords: Cooperative, agricultural cooperatives, multi-farm use of machinery

AGME 2017

13th



77


Opportunities in the Use of Microwave Technology for Weed Management

Ikbal Aygun1, Engin Cakir

1, Koray Kacan

2, Nur Okur

3, Huseyin Husnu Kayıkcıoglu

3

1Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,Ege University,Izmir, Turkey

2Ortaca Vocational School, Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey

3Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Ege University,Izmir, Turkey

In agricultural plant production weed control has a direct impact on yield and quality. Because of

an increase in the varieties resistant to the herbicides and the difficulties for weed control in organic

farming, new weed control methods have been emerged.

The objectives of this study were to determine the possibilities of using microwave energy to kill

the weeds between the rows and find out the limit power levels for killing the weeds which becomes a

great problem in corn and cotton production. This study was conducted at laboratory conditions in

order to determine microwave energy levels at which four weed varieties cocklebur (Xanthium

strumarium), Johnson Grass (Sorghum halepense (L.)), Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum), Bermuda

Grass (Cynodon dactylon) die out according to weed density and forward speeds of the laboratory

prototype.

According to the results; all four types of weeds were be able to be killed by microwave

applications. The required microwave power to kill the weeds increased with increasing forward

speed. Generally, cocklebur was required 2,4 kW energy at 0,3 ms-¹ forward speed. Black Nightshade,

Johnson Grass and Bermuda Grass required much power than cocklebur. Johnson Grass and Bermuda

grass were killed at 4 and 5,6 kW microwave power level at 0,1 m s-¹ forward speed respectively.

Keywords: Microwave technology, image processing, weed managament

AGME 2017

13th



78


Effects of Seed Coating and Pelleting Applications on The Quality of Onion Seeds (Allium

cepa L.)

Zeynep Dumanoğlu1, Bülent Çakmak

1, Hülya Ilbi ̇

2, Gülgün Başlar

2

1Department of Agricultural Machinery& Technologies Engineering

2Department of Horticultural

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is not only used for nutrition but also as an ornamental plant. In this way,

the wider areas and growing manufacturer of products that provide more earnings quality and

commercial sense, is increasing rapidly growing and increasingly important sector For this purpose,

many studies have been carried out on improving the quality characteristics of onion seeds.

Particularly structurally amorphous, light and small size seeds have a larger, heavier, smoother

surface, which facilitates the application of mechanization. Seed coating and pelleting applications are

among these studies. In this study, coating and pelleting applications were done on onion seeds.

Different organic and inorganic materials are used in the coating and pelleting of onion seeds.

Physiological and physical quality parameters (shape, size, surface area, 1000 grain weight,

germination percentage and seedling percentage) of the prepared seeds were determined. The

obtained data were evaluated statistically. When the shape, size and surface area values of the onion

(Allium cepa L.) seeds were examined after coating and pelleting application, the pelleting application

was 1.5 times bigger and 1000 seed weight increased 2.5 times. Pelletized onion seeds have reached

the shape and size suitable for planting with a pneumatic seeding machine. However, germination and

seedling emergence rate decreased in pelleted seeds

Keywords: Onion, seed film coating, seed pelleting

AGME 2017

13th



79


The Influence of Soil Tillage and Fertilization on Some Features of Second Crop Maize

Muhittin Murat Turgut1, Önder Albayrak

2

1Department of Agricultural Machinery And Technologies Engineering, Dicle University,

Diyarbakır, Turkey 2Department of Field Crops, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey

A field study was carried out to determine the effect of tillage practices and rate of fertilization

on some features of second crop maize. The field experiment included three types of soil tillage

methods (conventional tillage-CT, reduced tillage-RT and direct seeding-DS) and four rates of

fertilization (0 kg da-1, 20 kg da-1, 30 kg da-1, 40 kg da-1). Different tillage methods and rate of

fertilization treatments had statistically significant influence on unfilled ear-tip, ear width, number of

kernel per row, kernel rows per ear and grain yield. However, no statistical difference was determined

in ear length. The highest grain yield was obtained in interaction of (CT*40 kg da-1) while the (DS*20

kg da-1) interaction was higher than the rest.

Keywords: Soil tillage, direct seeding, fertilization, second crop maize

AGME 2017

13th



80


Design of Variable Rate Spraying System for Efficient Pecticide Application in Vineyards

Fatih Göksel Pekitkan1, Hüseyin Güler

2

1Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Dicle University,

Diyarbakir, Turkey 2Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Ege University, Izmir,

Turkey

High-volume applications lead to problems such as increase in pesticide application costs, drift

and harmful effects on environment. Reasons behind the desire to reduce pesticide amounts in

agriculture are; to reduce pesticide cost for farming (therefore to reduce production cost) and to

reduce environmental pollution (hence to reduce harmful effects of pesticide on environment and the

nature).

In this study, a variable rate spraying system was developed that calculates canopy volume of green

parts by detect vine plant canopy and adjusts spray amount according to the calculated canopy

volume. To realize this aim, necessary modification was made on conventional air assisted sprayer to

develop a variable rate spraying system by using laser scanner sensor, solenoid valves, pressure

regulators and electronic cards. Experiments were conducted with this developed sprayer on artificial

vineyard plants which were produced to represent three main growth periods of vineyards. As a result

of the study, developed spraying system provided up to 50% less spraying amount especially in

blossom period.

Keywords: Precision farming, smart sprayer, plant detection, laser sensor, plant canopy structure

AGME 2017

13th



81


Determining the Performance Values of a Disc Chipper in Operation With Palm Pruning

Residues

Mete YİĞİT, Murad ÇANAKCI, Hasan YILMAZ, Mehmet TOPAKCI, Davut KARAYEL Deparment of Agricultural Machinery And Technology Engineering Department, Akdeniz

University, Turkey

Pruning, is an operation carried out in certain periods in landscape and orchard areas. After this

operation considerable amounts of residue materials can be evaluated in many different ways such as

biomass for energy production, mixing to soil as mulch or compost, and raw material for some

industrial plants etc. arise. Size reduction (chopping, chipping, shredding, grinding etc.) is critical

operation in the evaluation stages of pruning residues. At this stage, it is important to know in terms

of machinery usage cost and sizes of particles the performance values of the machines used for size

reduction. In this study, performances values of a disc chipper powered by PTO were investigated in

operation with palm pruning residues. In the experiments, tractor PTO power requirement, sizes of

chipped material were determined for different disc speed and moisture levels of material. Also, the

values of noise level that was important for workers health were measured during the operations.

Keywords: Pruning residue, chippers, palm, performance values

AGME 2017

13th



82


Mathematical Modelling and Optimization of The Distribution Uniformity for the Fixed

Rate Urea Fertilizer Application

Ceren KÖMEKÇİ, Hüseyin GÜLER

Ege University, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technology Engineering

The purpose of this study was to obtain the mathematical models and optimize the distribution

uniformity in twin-disc granular broadcast spreader. The ultimate goal expected from this study was

to optimize the variables considered in the study in order to minimise the coefficient of variation (CV)

for UREA fertilizer. The variables considered in the study were the height of vanes (H), vane angle (α),

fertilizer flow rate (Q) and disc peripheral speed (V), as they were related to construction and

operating conditions in this fertilizer distribution phenomenon. Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

was used in this study. Totally 31 experiments conducted according to ASAE S341.4 standard. As a

result of the verification tests, the twin-disc granular broadcast spreader provided “good” range of

distribution uniformity which was 6,775 % for urea fertilizer.

Keywords: Fertilizer distribution, coefficient of variation, distribution pattern, response surface methodology, polynomial models.

AGME 2017

13th



83


Evaluation on Inspection of Sprayers in Use in Izmir-Turkey

Urkan, E.1; Guler, H.1; Pekitkan, G. F.2; Tozan, M.1

1 Ege University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies

Engineering, Izmir-TURKEY

2 Dicle University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies

Engineering, Diyarbakır-TURKEY

Pesticides should be applied as accurately as possible for environmental concern. For this aim,

not only the quality of plant protection products, but also the application equipment is very important.

The technical condition of the sprayer is one of the important elements of successful application. By

the time, some parts of the sprayers get worn out. These parts are nozzles, filters, pipes, connections,

etc. Unless sprayers are checked periodically, these defects cannot be corrected.

In the European Union (EU) there are already valid standards for testing sprayers in use. In

September 2015, EN ISO 13790 was replaced with new standards. These are; EN ISO 16122-1:2015-

Agricultural and forestry machinery - Inspection of sprayers in use, Part 2: Horizontal Boom Sprayers and

Part 3: Sprayers for Bush and Tree Crops. According to these standards the sprayers in use are tested

periodically in the EU. These controls are fulfilled by the registered test centers which can be mobile or

stationary all around Europe. In Turkey there are more than 300.000 pieces PTO driven sprayers in use.

These sprayers are not inspected by any authority. Izmir and its region play an important role in Turkish

Agriculture. Sprayers in use around Izmir had many problems which threatened the environment and

public health and should be inspected immediately with the force of legal authorities.

In this study, according to standards EN ISO 13790 and EN ISO 16122, mounted or trailed orchard

and field sprayers were inspected and the defects of these sprayers were evaluated.

Keywords: Periodic test, used sprayers, application technique, EN ISO 13790, EN ISO

AGME 2017

13th



84

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

AGME 2017

13th



85

PP-03 :Poster Presentation

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Related to Fuel Consumption for Potato and Sugar Beet

Production in Turkey

Hasan Hüseyin Öztürk

Cukurova University Faculty of Agriculture Engineering of Agricultural Machineries and Technologies

The main objective of this study to quantify and evaluate CO2 emissions related to fuel

consumption for potato and sugar beet cultivation in Turkey between 2010 and 2015. The methods

were used for calculating CO2 emissions recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change (IPCC). In Turkey, an average 4.466 Mt of potato and 16.447 Mt of corn were obtained with

an average of 143758.2 ha of potato and 293751.9 ha of sugar beet cultivation areas between 2010

and 2015. The average yields were obtained 3120.8 kg and 5604.8 kg per hectare between indicated

years. It was found that average fuel (diesel) consumptions for potato and sugar beet cultivation were

6.3 g and 1.6 g per kg of yield, respectively. The total CO2 emissions based on lower heating value of

diesel fuel were 91892.47 tCO2 and 86303.58 tCO2 per year for potato and sugar beet cultivation,

respectively. It was calculated that average CO2 emissions for potato and sugar beet cultivation were

20.54 g and 5.25 g per kg of yield, respectively.

Keywords: Potato, sugar beet, CO2 emissions, fuel consumption

AGME 2017

13th



86


Determination of the Effect of Agricultural Crop Patternand Mechanization in the

Bayramiç-Ezine-Kumkale Plains in Bayramiç Dam Irrigation Area*

* This study was produced from previous data of Pınar GÜRGENÇ’s thesis.

Pınar Gürgenç1, Sakine Özpınar

2

1Branch Directorate Çanakkale of State Hydraulic Works, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University,

Çanakkale, Turkey 2Farm Machineries and Technologies Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart

University, Çanakkale, Turkey

Dry farming under rainfed conditions is commonly practiced in Çanakkale which is located in

southern Marmara region and has small farm size. Common crops are cereals; however,

vegetablesare also practiced in this area which feeds from local underground water sources.The

waters of Ida Mountain are carried by Karamenderes River to Bayramiç-Ezine-Kumkale plains which

have approximately 250 thousand da agricultural area.For this purpose, Bayramiç Dam which has a

storage volume of 96 million cubic meters on Karamenderes which would feed these plains was

opened for irrigation in 1996. In addition, there has been a change in agricultural croppattern and

variabilitywhich was limited before irrigation and it contributed to the development of mechanization.

While wheat, sunflower, barley, sesame and cotton etc.,were commonly produced underrainfed

conditions before irrigation, but these crops continued after irrigation except for cotton with increasing

production areas. Moreover, there has been increase in fruit and vegetable production branches,

especially nectarine (Bayramiç beyazı), apple (evciler elması), walnut, cherry, pear, tomato, and

pepper. On other side, along with incentives for livestock provided by government, there have been

improvements in fodder production. In irrigated areas, especially, an increase of maize silage

production areas up to 100% (17 thousandda) and it has been determined that these areas make up

11% of all the irrigated areas in all plains. It has been detected that with irrigation, these crops based

changes in all plains caused developments especially in number of tractors increased by 70% and

tractor brands which have varied from one to seven, notably New Holland. In addition, agricultural

equipmentincreased up to 50%;particularly for maize silage and olive harvest machines have reached

98%. Moreover, a drastic increase has been recorded in direct sowing machine, orchardsprays and

dripping systems. Further, with increasing and improving agricultural areas in these three plains using

dam water, the number of agricultural machinery and tractor brands have been newly served to meet

requested agricultural equipment by farmer who were produced crops under irrigation conditions. In

addition, withincrease in fruit growing,cold storages have progressed 100% in province overall.

Keywords: Bayramiç dam, crop pattern, mechanization, irrigation plains, Çanakkale

AGME 2017

13th



87


New Development Techniques in Agricultural Machinery

Mehmet Burak Büyükcan

Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering,University of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart, Çanakkale, Turkey

Technological developments play an important role in our lives by using and developing every

field. There is a linear relationship between increasing living standards and the use of technological

devices. It is known that these developments are also important from an agricultural point of view.

From the planting of the seed to the final consumer of the growing food product, the old methods

now leave the place of the latest technological applications.

Agriculture; we can define it as a world where all the sciences and technologies are used in

connection with each other. Many technological developments such as cloud technologies, the use of

tractors in a driverless way, the use of computer technologies in the classification of post harvest

products, are beginning to be used in agricultural production.

The use of machinery in agriculture is used at every stage of the process from seeding to

harvesting Today's farmers are able to plant more precisely using robot applications, while at the

same time they are less damaging to the field. It can be realized by using image processing

techniques to detect instant qualities of growing products in the field. In addition, human-related

aircraft, which have recently been used in agriculture, and product designs or information about the

product in the field can be instantly shared with the manufacturer via GPS.

Techniques that reduce human error to minimum level in post-harvest processes can be used.

The internal qualities of the products can be determined by near infra-red spectroscopy technique. In

addition, by using the image processing techniques used in digital cameras, the physical properties of

the products are determined and the mistakes that may occur in the classification works are removed.

Consumers are very careful about the choice of packaged products from the markets to ensure that

the products in the package are of the same standard and quality. With the use of RFID (Radio

Frequency Identification) techniques in the manufacturing stages of the products, identification

information of commercial agricultural products can be recorded and information about the history of

the products can be obtained in case of exports.

Keywords: Agriculture, new techniques, post-harvest

AGME 2017

13th



88


Design and Evaluation of Robotic Manipulator for Vegetables and Fruit Head Cutting in

Food Processing Units

Afsane Shekari, Hossein Behfar, Fahime Hashemi

Department of Biosystem Eng. University of Tabriz. Tabriz, Iran

The application of robotics in the food industry has been increased over recent years, particularly

in the field of processing and packing systems. Reasons for automating processes are needing to

reduce direct labor and increase quality and difficult to do the job manually. Some of agricultural

crops that should be processed in food industry that they have more length respect to their width

such as cucumber, zucchini, carrot and so on. This crops processing are difficult because at first their

length should be distinguished and then their head should be removed. This task are done manually

by labor, so it increase the processing and production costs. A Cartesian robot was designed and

developed. This system was able to distinguish the fruit and vegetable orientation by the image

processing unit. Camera was mounted on the end-effector, the end-effector was moved toward fruit,

then was rotated based on orientation angle and grasped it. The end-effector was handled it toward a

rotary cutter, so its head was removed and finally it was left on Conveyor again. Robotic system

response time was estimated. It took about 8.5 s to end the task. Accuracy of the system was about

92.3%.

Keywords: Robotic, head cutting, food processing, cartesian robot

AGME 2017

13th



89


Comparison of PWM-Controlled Valve with Motorized Valve for Variable Rate Spraying

Arezou Lak, Hosein Behfar, Shamsollah Abdollahpour

Department of Biosystem Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

In the past decades, herbicides were generally applied at a uniform rate to the entire field. But

uniform application caused environmental problems such as soil and groundwater pollution and

economic problems. General concern about negative effects of using herbicide was resulted in

development of a new herbicide application system. Variable rate technology is studied extensively in

precision agriculture. In this study, two types of systems were designed to achieve a suitable variable

rate application system. At first, a motorized valve was developed. Laboratory tests were conducted

with Teejet nozzle at three different operating pressure levels (2,3 and 4 bar) and four rotation

positions of servo motor (30, 45, 60, 80 degrees). The measurements for each test were repeated 3

times. One of the system disadvantages was that the performance of machine decreased as a result

of pressure variations. The pressure variations made spray pattern to be non-uniform and which it

affected by droplet size. In the second system, a solenoid valve was developed. The system was

controlled by pulse width modulation method. Flow rate measured at five levels of duty cycle (20%,

30%, 50%, 70%, 90%) and operating pressure at three levels (2, 3, 4 bar) and four levels of

frequency (3, 7, 10, 15 Hz). After testing the valve in different frequencies, appropriate frequency for

the system was selected. The effects of duty cycle and operating pressure as effective factors were

examined on spraying angel for the second system. Experiments were performed in the form of

factorial based on randomized complete design with three replications. Duty cycle and pressure had

positive effects on spraying angel. The spraying angle variation was just 3% when the duty cycle was

changed from 20% to 90%.

Keywords: Herbicide, variable rate technology, precision agriculture, pulse width modulation, duty cycle

AGME 2017

13th



90


Development of an Image Processing Method for Automatic Carrot Head Cutting

Mohammaad Bagher Menhaj, Fahime Hashemi

Department of Electical, biomedical and mechatronics engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

Robots are becoming widely used in many applications in processing areas of food production.

Image processing provides a basis for a path planning algorithm which considers location, orientation

and arrangement of fruits and their defects on the conveyed belts. Selective processing tool guided by

the planed path is motion controlled by image processing. Carrot jam is one of the most important

food products that is used in all over the world. In food processing plants, cheap, broken, and small

carrots are used in processing for reduction of cost. Therefore, application of mechanical methods for

cutting of their head showed unacceptable result so carrots head are usually have to be cut by labors.

This manual task increases the processing cost. For robotic processing, carrots orientation and heads

detection is the most challenging steps. In this research, at first, different image processing

algorithms were tested and the best one was selected. This algorithm was managed to separate

carrot pixels from conveyor belt, detect width, lengths, orientation, heads, broken section, defect

spots, etc. The image processing system was evaluated. It was shown that it could detect the

parameters with accuracy of 94%. The algorithm processing time was about 1.5s in MATLAB software

but it was reduced to about 0.7s in OpenCV software.

Keywords: Carrot, head cutting robot, image processing, detection.

AGME 2017

13th



91


A Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Organic Farming and Conventional

Farming Systems

Cevdet Sağlam, Necati Çetin

Department of Biosystems Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

Today, the world population is rapidly increasing, but the size of land under agricultural

production has reached the maximum limit. In addition, the environmental impact of intensive

agricultural production and climate change threatens food security in many regions of the world.

Moreover, excessive use of fossil fuels, pesticides and chemical fertilizers in conventional constitutes

an adverse impact on the natural environment and human health. So environmentally friendly and has

the effect of reducing the generation of greenhouse gases, organic farming practices has become

more popular in recent years. The aim of this research review is to investigate the utility of renewable

energies in organic farming and to compare with conventional farming applications in according to

greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, use of renewable energy in organic farming system practices

and their impact on greenhouse gas emissions has been examined according to different research

results and the results were compared with conventional farming practices.

Keywords: Organic farming, conventional farming, greenhouse gas, energy

AGME 2017

13th



92


An Assessment of Agricultural Structure and Mechanization Characteristics in a

Continental Climate Region

Sakine Özpınar, Taner Elmas, Anıl Çay

Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey

Climate characteristics differ according to geographical regions in our country. This climate

variability allows different production systems to be carried out in agricultural production. Different

production systems require different mechanization to carry out agricultural activities. The use of

machinery in agriculture is important in terms of efficiency of production. So, it is important to

determine the use of machinery in different agricultural areas and to compare the situation with other

agricultural regions. The purpose of this study was to determine the level and capacity index of the

available agricultural structure and mechanization in 2016 growing season. Interviews, observations

and a structured questionnaire were used to collect data in Kahramanmaraş-Elbistan of the Eastern

Anatolia Region under continental climate characteristic. Questionnaire was conducted in 74 randomly

selected agricultural farms of 6-village.

Results indicated that 81% of the farms had only one tractor while the rest of them had two

tractors which are mainly took place in 60 kW or more than above power range. In all farms, tractor

engine power per hectare was 1.39 kW. The most tractors were Massey Ferguson and Tümosan in 16

or younger age group with 55%, the rest of them were more than 16 year old. Tractors were used

mainly for soil tillage practices with 45% followed by sowing, fertilizing, hoeing, spraying, irrigation,

transporters and others with 16, 4, 9, 2, 8, 14 and 2%, respectively. The number of agricultural

machinery per tractor was 6.9 that all of them were completely performed for conventional cropping

system to conduct such as sugar beet, maize and wheat cultivation. It was determined that the farm

size was mainly 5 hectare with 44% followed by 5-10 hectare with %25 under rainfed conditions. The

55 out of 74 farms had one or three parcels expressing 87% in total farm size. It was recorded that

sugar beet production was commonly cultivated by growers with 53% that it is a by-product of

industrial agriculture, which has an important role in providing the country’s sugar requirements. The

maize was second crop grown by 27% while wheat was third one in this district.

Keywords: Cropping system, agriculture farm, agricultural structure, mechanisation

AGME 2017

13th



93


Fuzzy Logic Based Ventilation for Controlling Harmful Gases in Livestock Houses

Nuri Caglayan1, H. Kursat Celik

2, Allan E. W. Rennie

3

1Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

2Department of Agricultural Machinery, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

3Lancaster Product Development Unit, Engineering Department, Lancaster University,

Lancaster, United Kingdom

There are many factors that influence the health and productivity of the animals in livestock

production fields, including temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide (CO₂), ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen

sulfide (H₂S), physical activity and particulate matter. High NH₃ concentrations reduce feed

consumption and cause daily weight gain. At high concentrations, H₂S causes respiratory problems

and CO₂, displaces oxygen, which can cause suffocation or asphyxiation. Good air quality in livestock

facilities can have an impact on the health and well-being of both the animals and humans. Air quality

assessment is dependent on strictly given limits without taking into account specific local conditions

between harmful gases and other meteorological factors. The stated limitations may be eliminated

using control systems based on neural networks and fuzzy logic. This paper describes a fuzzy logic

based ventilation algorithm, which can calculate different fan speeds under pre-defined boundary

conditions, for removing harmful gases from the production environment. In the paper, a novel fuzzy

logic model has been developed based on a Mamedani’s fuzzy method. The model has been built on

MATLAB software. As a result, the optimum fan speeds under pre-defined boundary conditions have

been presented.

Keywords: Air quality, fuzzy logic model, livestock housing, fan speed

AGME 2017

13th



94


Effects of Disc Angles of a Single Disc Furrow Opener of No-Till Seeder on Furrow

Properties and Cross-Sectional Area of Spoiled Soil

M. Zahid Malasli1, Ahmet Celik

2

1Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingol University, Bingol,

Turkey 2Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture,

Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

"On the performance of single disc type furrow openers there are significant effects of tilt and

disc angle, vertical machine weight acting on a disc opener, soil type, forward speed of the machine

and residue conditions. Disc type furrow opener’s entering into the soil by cutting the stubble and

opening a proper furrow is performed by sufficient pressure applied over the furrow opener in the

vertical direction and structural angles of disc opener. Disc openers which having two angles as tilt

and disc angles, play an important role on the furrow properties and the cross-sectional area of

spoiled soil along with many other factors. In this study, which was conducted under controlled soil

bin conditions, five tilt angles (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10°), five disc angles (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20°), three

vertical disc opener loads (491, 981 ve 1472 N) and no-residue, wheat and corn residue conditions

was considered as factors. In the study, after the furrow opener passage the data of furrow profile

and cross-sectional area of spoiled soil obtained using a rod type profilometer. These data was

transferred to a program created in the MATLAB and required calculations were made accordingly.

According to the obtained results, it was determined that the disc and tilt angles and the vertical

weight factors were statistically significant (p<0.01) on the cross sectional area of furrow and spoiled

soil area. As the disc angle increases, significant increases occurred in the cross sectional are of

furrow and spoiled soil. Contrary to the disc angle, the increase of the tilt angle from 0° to 10° caused

a reduction in the cross-sectional area of furrow and spoiled soil. The increase in the amount of

vertical weight applied to the disc unit caused an increase in both the cross sectional area of furrow

and spoiled soil. When the largest spoiled soil area was obtained with corn residue, the largest furrow

cross-sectional area obtained with wheat residue."

Keywords: No-till, single disc furrow opener, tilt angle, disc angle, furrow profile, cross-sectional area of spoiled soil

AGME 2017

13th



95


Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques for Quality Detection of Agricultural Products

Ismail Kavdır1, Ferhat Kurtulmuş

2

1Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart

University, Çanakkale, Turkey 2Department of Biosystems Engineering, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey

Hyperspectral imaging has been successfully used in agriculture as in various other areas.

Hyperspectral imaging has the advantage of detecting both spectral and spatial information from an

object at the same time. Combination of these two technical abilities of hyperspectral imaging provide

physical and chemometric information about agricultural products allowing a non-destructive and fast

evaluation for their quality.

In this study, basic hyperspectral imaging techniques were reviewed for the classification of

agricultural produce. Procedures for setting up the hyperspectral imaging systems are given.

Advantages and disadvantages of the hyperspectral imaging systems compared to NIR spectroscopy

and conventional imaging systems are discussed. This work emphasizes the potential of hyperspectral

imaging techniques for non-destructive quality evaluation of agricultural produce.

Keywords: Hyperspectral imaging, quality detection, NIR spectroscopy

AGME 2017

13th



96


Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Key for Farmers in Turkey

Ali Musa Bozdogan1, Nigar Yarpuz Bozdogan

2, Ozlem Kaya

1, Mehmet Zafer Dogu

3

1Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Cukurova University,

Adana, Turkey 2Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

3Department of Horticulture, Erciyes University, Turkey

Agricultural production is particularly sensitive to factors such as meteorological conditions,

diseases and pests. In order to obtain the estimated yield in agriculture, the agricultural operations

have to be completed in time. For this reason, one of the technologies used is the unmanned aerial

vehicle. In precision agriculture, in addition to acquiring data such as mapping and surveying with

UAVs, applications of pesticides and fertilizers are also carried out. In the world, UAVs are used in

from seeding to steering of agricultural machinery. The use of UAV should be widespread for farmers,

to be able to reliably complete the agricultural process with considerable effort and time in a shorter

period of time. In this study, it will be given information about importance of UAV in agriculture.

Keywords: UAV, farmer, precision agriculture

AGME 2017

13th



97


Stanley Plums Drying with Infrared-Assisted Hot Air Drying Systems

Nursel Heybeli1, Can Ertekin

2

1Cavdarhisar Vocational and Technical Anatolia High School, Kutahya, Turkey

2Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Farm Machinery,

Antalya, Turkey

In this study, drying characteristics of Stanley variety of plum was investigated by using infrared-

assisted hot air methods. Sample cores weren’t removed and subjected to any mechanical process

before drying. Samples were tested in two groups. One of them is pretreated samples with 1% NaOH

solution at room temperature, another one is Non-pretreated samples. Plums were dehydrated at air

temperature of 60, 70 and 80°C, infrared power of 300, 400 and 500 W and constant velocity of

drying air of 2 m/s. Drying process was continued until moisture content of samples was reduced to

20% (w.b.). Drying time of pretreated and non-pretreated samples were 3074 and 3218 min,

respectively, when infrared-assisted hot air was used (at 60°C drying air temperature and 300 W

infrared powers). The rehydration capacities of samples were decreased when the air temperature

and infrared power increased. Higher lightness (L*) value of the dried samples were obtained to use

in combination at air temperature of 70°C and infrared power of 500 W. Hue volume for both samples

was decreased with increased infrared power at 60°C air temperature. The lowest value of browning

index for dried samples was obtained when using air temperature 60°C at all infrared powers. Bulk

density of all dried samples was higher than fresh samples. Higher specific energy consumption of

samples was found when using air temperature of 60°C and infrared power of 300 W.

Keywords: Stanley plums, infrared-assisted hot air drying, drying characteristics, drying system

AGME 2017

13th



98


Fatigue Analysis of Mixer Blades in Feed Mixer Machine

Deniz Yılmaz, Gülten Taşkaya, Mehmet Emin Gökduman, Kemal Çankaya Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering

The use of feed mixers has been increasingly important for livestock breeding with the increase

of modern feeding techniques in Turkey. Being an important issue for animal health, feed mixers are

used for reducing human power, saving time and most importantly, increasing productivity. While

various types of mixing apparatus are used in feed mixer machines the most commonly used type are

helix type horizontal mixers.

According to the working principle of the machine in feed mixers, the blades on the helix are

exposed to the friction force over time depending on the usage. Therefore, the blades are lost their

function and some disadvantages are occurred in mixing process. It is necessary to carry out the

analysis these parts of the machine with various programs before the production in order to overcome

these disadvantages and to increase operating time of the machine.

In this study, the blades of a helical type feed mixer with 2 m³ body volume has been analyzed.

The analysis is carried out by applying the forces exposed during the operation. The blades of the

feed mixer have been drawn and fatigue analysis have been carried out with the finite element

method by a computer based design program.

Keywords: Fatigue analysis, feed mixer, finite element method

AGME 2017

13th



99


Sediment Problem for Hydraulic Energy Production and Its Monitoring with Turbidity

Measurements

Ramazan Meral1, Azize Dogan Demir

1, Yasin Demir

2

1Biosystem Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey

2Soil Scienece and Plant Nutrient, Agricultural Faculty, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey

Suspended sediment transport in river is the crucial problem for hydroelectric power generation

systems. It cause difficulties for dam operation due to reduce of reservoir storage of dam, the

abrasion of turbines and hydropower plants, and reduces their generating efficiency and can require

expensive repairs. The measurement of suspended sediment has some difficulties in river condition.

The direct water sampling method is generally used as traditionally. But this method is restrictive to

represent continuous monitoring, especially during exchangeable and high discharge conditions. In

addition the sampling and filtering processes are required more time and labor. These limitations have

led to new devices with the technological advances for continuous and precision sediment monitoring.

Especially in terms of using light and sound scattering or attenuation by particles in water has used to

estimate sediment concentration. This new techniques have gained importance within the researcher,

and its validation has been tested in many laboratory and field studies. In this study the damages of

sediment on hydraulic energy production were discussed with real examples, and secondly; conducted

a river study to supply continuous monitoring sediment transport with turbidity methods. The results

of study were showed that turbidity based sediment measurement has potential for continuous

monitoring. But water quality parameters should be considered and defined for different conditions to

more accurately estimate sediment concentration with turbidity values.

Keywords: Sediment, hydraulic energy, turbidity

AGME 2017

13th



100


Integrated Management of Pesticides and Liable Exposure with Machinery Executing

Needed Treatments “IMPLEMENT”

Yeşim Benal Öztekin1, Massimo Canalicchio

2, Kubilay Kazım Vursavuş

3, Kamil Saçılık

4, Javier

F. Morales Luque5, Roberto Limongelli

6

1Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and

Technologies Engineering, Samsun, TURKEY 2Agricoltura è Vita – Associazione, Rome, ITALY

3Çukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and

Technologies Engineering, Adana, TURKEY 4Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and

Technologies Engineering, Ankara, TURKEY 5Asociacion Agraria Jovenes Agricultores ASAJA-Granada, Granada, SPAIN

6Ente Nazionale per la Meccanizzazione Agricola, Rome, ITALY

Pesticide applications must be done with extreme care due to the negative effects on

environment and human health. This is also a requirement for safe and sustainable agriculture. In this

context, it can be said that proper and correct use of the machines used in pesticide applications, and

proper adjustment and maintenance of the machines, have the preventive effects of pesticides. It

should not be forgotten that this is a mandatory application in terms of operator health and safety as

well as protection of the environment.

Integrated Management of Pesticides and Liable Exposure with Machinery Executing Needed

Treatments” project shortly named IMPLEMENT project is supported by European Union under

Erasmus+ Vocational Education Key Action 2 within the scope of Strategic Partnership Projects for

Innovation Development. In this project, it is aimed to develop innovative applications that take into

account the environmental and food safety of the application, as well as providing occupational health

and safety in plant protection pesticide applications. The IMPLEMENT project aims at transferring to

the targeted group such as farmers, students, technical operators, functional control operators and

editors agricultural machinery manuals, competences in the field of safe use and maintenance of

sprayers. The vision of the project is not limited to technical advice, but it is centered on importance

of correct and sustainable competences and behaviors for human, environmental and food safety. In

this context, the project based on sprayer machinery can be considered a fundamental step to the

wider field of agricultural machinery safety.

With the IMPLEMENT project is to develop an interactive training platform for all users and

manufacturers, especially farmers, agricultural engineers, agricultural consultants and trainers,

including safe machine use, correct application, calibration, adjustment and maintenance and work

safety. Within the scope of the project, pilot trainings will be organized with the produced materials to

create volunteers for occupational health and safety in the use of plant protection machines.

Keywords: Health and safety in agriculture, sprayers, pesticides, environment

AGME 2017

13th



101


Assessment of the Usage Status of the Combination of Single Axle Tractor- Agricultural

Trailers in Turkey

Yeşim Benal Öztekin1, Ismail Yıldız

2

1Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Çarşamba District Directorate of Agriculture,

Samsun, TURKEY 2Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Machinery and Technologies

Engineering Department, Samsun, TURKEY

The fact that our country has a lot of slopes in the land of certain regions, the small and

sectional agricultural land, the difficulty of using two-axle tractors in these regions, the high

maintenance costs, and so on, single axis tractors are widely used in horticultural works, soil

cultivation, seed-bed preparation, agricultural product handling and many other agricultural activities.

Single-axle tractors are located on the market in different forms according to the purpose of use. The

use of the single-axle tractor has been widespread in certain regions of our country, especially in the

Black Sea region, by being combined with agricultural trailers. The combination of single-axle tractors

with agricultural trailers, and the widespread use of agricultural machines, which started as a result,

have caused problems with work safety in these machines. Uncontrolled modifications on these

machines, use of machines for transportation purposes and widespread use in highways are

problematic in terms of work safety. In this study, it has been tried to evaluate the usage of single-

axle tractor-agricultural trailer combinations, which have been increasingly used in our country and

brought with them very important safety related problems.

Keywords: Safety in agriculture, agricultural accident, agricultural product handling

AGME 2017

13th



102

abstracts - agme 2017agme2017.org/images/abstracts-book-19-eylul-2017.pdf · influences of airflow...

Documents