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ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY – First Edition
(ACIEQ 2019)
Habitable Built Environment-Experience the Unseen
1st - 2nd February, 2019
New Delhi, India
ABSTRACT
PROCEEDINGS
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019
Dr. T.K. Joshi
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019
Of three types of air pollution, the ambient, household, and indoor, the last one receives little focus in India,
in particular that of researchers. It is understandable given the magnitude of poor air quality that most
investigators have pursued research in ambient air pollution and associated dimensions. However, with the
use of new materials and compact building designs the indoor air quality has undergone sea change. Since
it does not cause acute effects, and rarely ever kills, the issue has not caught the imagination of
researchers and communities. Poor indoor air quality and environment are cause of several building related
illnesses that many physicians are not familiar with. One of the deadliest is Legionnaires disease that can
be fatal in case of elderly and is a key health disorder resulting from poor maintenance of cooling towers.
The lack of prescribed standards for Indoor Air Quality is another reason for lack of awareness about this
important subject. Environmentalists and health professionals must become aware of these issues and try
to understand the environment triggering an altered biological and pathological response of human body.
I hope the conference will shed light on various aspects of IAQ issue and bring it to the attention of policy
makers, regulators, building and construction lobbies and last but not the least HVAC engineers.
I send my best wishes for the success of the conference.
T K Joshi Fellow Collegium Mazzini, Adviser, Environmental Health,
MoEFCC, GOI
MESSAGE
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019
MESSAGE
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019
ACIEQ 2019 COMMITTEE
Organizing Committee
Scientific Committee
Chairman Mr. C. Subhramaniam
ISHRAE
Chairman
Dr. Prasad Modak SIE
Co-Chairman
Prof Mukesh Khare SIE
Co-Chairman
Dr. Jyotirmaya Mathur ISHRAE
Convener
Mr. Richie Mittal IAQA/ISHRAE
Convener
Dr.Radha Goyal SIE
Co Convener Mr. Gaurav Vasudev
ISHRAE
Co Convener
Dr. Priyanka Kulshreshtha SIE
Coordinator
Ms. Rakhi Ghosh SIE
Secretary
Mr. Barun Agarwal
IAQA/ISHRAE
Treasurer
Mr. Amit Goel
ISHRAE
Administration
Mr. Vishal Kapur
ISHRAE
Chair Speaker
Dr.Nitin Deodhar
ISHRAE
Dr. Arun Sharma
SIE
Mr. Ashish Jain SIE
Chair Marketing
Mr.Vikram Murthy ISHRAE
Mr. Kedar Patki
ISHRAE
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019
Chair Sponsorship
Mr. Ashish Rakheja
ISHRAE
Chair -Travel & Hospitality
Mr. Nitin Nayak
IAQA
Chair - Event
Mr. Anoop Ballaney
ISHRAE
Chair Social & Website
Mr. Ashu Gupta
IAQA
Chair Delegate
Mr. Kedar Patki
ISHRAE
Mr. Aakash Patel ISHRAE
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019
Page | 1
Prof. Paolo Carrer
Paolo Carrer, MD, PhD in Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, is a
Professor of Occupational Medicine at the University of Milan, Italy, and Director
of the Occupational Health Unit at the University Hospital ASST Fatebenefratelli
Sacco, Milan. He is Director of the Postgraduate School of Occupational
Medicine, University of Milan. Teaching activities are in Medicine, Prevention
Techniques and Safety Procedures in the Environment and Workplace,
Sciences of Prevention, Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine. His
research interests have centered on Indoor and outdoor air quality and related
health effects, Health Risk Assessment to Chemicals and Risk evaluation and
prevention in hospitals. He has served a Chair of the “Scientific Committee on
Indoor Air Quality and Health” of the International Commission on Occupational
Health (ICOH) and he has participated in expert groups on Indoor Air Quality of
WHO, International Labour Office (ILO), European Union (JRC and DG SANCO) and
Italian Ministry of Health.
Alan Hedge is a Professor in the Department of Design and Environmental
Analysis, Cornell University. His research and teaching activities focus on issues
of design and workplace ergonomics as these affect the health, comfort and
productivity of workers. He has published 41 book chapters, 74 peer-review
journal articles and 164 refereed proceedings articles, 42 other conference
proceedings, 15 technical reports, 13 legislative reports, 15 technical reports, and
151 additional conference presentations on ergonomics and related topics. He
received the 2009 Oliver K. Hansen Outreach Award and the 2003 Alexander J.
Williams Jr. Design Award from the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society for
"outstanding human factors contributions to the design of a major operational
system".
Prof. Alan Hedge
Professor Richard de Dear has been actively involved in IEQ research for the last 38
years. He has held academic posts in the Technical University of Denmark (DTU),
The National University of Singapore (NUS), Macquarie University, and has been
Professor in IEQ at The University of Sydney for the last 10 years where he is
Director of the Indoor Environmental Quality Laboratory in the School of
Architecture, Design and Planning. Prof de Dear is an Academy Fellow of the
International Society of Indoor Air Quality (ISIAQ). He is also currently an editor for
the research journals Energy and Buildings (Elsevier), and Science and Technology
for the Built Environment (ASHRAE).
Prof. Richard de Dear
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019
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Prof. Mukesh Khare Professor Mukesh Khare is the Fellow of
Institution of Engineers India and Fellow of
Wessex Institute of Great Britain. He is a
Chartered Engineer and was born in
Varanasi, India. He obtained his Ph.D.
degree in Faculty of Engineering from
Newcastle University, UK and has managed
a range of environmental projects
throughout his professional career. With a
specialization in air quality modelling, Prof.
Khare’s experience has covered research
and development studies, teaching,
consulting, modelling, editorial activities. In
addition, Prof. Khare has authored more
than 150 research publications primarily for
peer reviewed journals and conference
proceedings. He has two sons and lives and
work in Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,
India.
Dr. Jyotirmaya Mathur
Dr.-Ing. Jyotirmay Mathur is the Professor in
Mechanical Engineering and Head of
Centre for Energy and Environment at
Malaviya National Institute of Technology,
Jaipur (India). He has done post graduation
in energy studies from the Indian Institute of
Technology, New Delhi (India) and
doctorate in energy systems from University
of Essen (Germany). Dr. Mathur has
published 45 research papers in referred
international journals and has presented
more than 100 papers/talks international
seminars/ conference, besides
authoring/editing 5 books in the field of
energy. Dr. Mathur works in the field of
energy planning and modeling, building
energy simulation, energy conservation in
buildings and life cycle assessment of
renewable energy systems. He has
completed several research projects
including 3 international collaborative
projects. Current activities of Dr. Mathur
include studies on adaptive thermal comfort,
energy simulation of buildings, modeling of
passive cooling systems, and long term
energy system modeling penetration of
renewable energy systems and building
integrated renewable energy systems.
SESSION CHAIRS
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019
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Mr. MANOJ CHAKRAVORTI
Mechanical Engineer from IIEST, erstwhile
Bengal Engineering College, Shibpur and
subsequent specialization from Jadavpur
University in Airconditioning & Refrigeration
having Diploma in Management. He has 35
years’ experience in the field of
Airconditioning, Ventilation, Refrigeration
and Building Automation Management
System. Handled number of projects in the
country and abroad. He was an Ex-National
President of ISHRAE. Currently, he is a
member of ASHRAE, IPA,CMAand
President Emeritus, ISHRAE, Kolkata
Chapter and Member of Vision ACREX
Committee.
……………………………………………..
Dr. S.K. Goyal
Dr. S.K. Goyal has done masters in
Chemical Engineering from IIT Roorkee in
the year 1989 and PhD in Environmental
Science & Technology from Nagpur
University in 2002. He has vast research
experience of more than 28 years in the field
of air pollution monitoring, modeling and
management, and environmental impact
assessment, carrying capacity based
developmental planning studies leading to
sustainable development. He has more than
80 research publications in
journals/conference and supervised about 20
M.Sc./M.Tech students. Dr. Goyal is
currently Heading Delhi Zonal Centre of
CSIR-NEERI, and actively working on the air
pollution issues in Delhi NCR, including
indoor air.
……………………………………………..
Dr. Prasad Modak
Dr. Prasad Modak obtained BTech (Civil
Engg-1978) and MTech (Environmental
Science and Engg-1980) from Indian
Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay. He
received Doctor of Environmental Engg
from Asian Institute of Technology,
Bangkok, Thailand in 1984. Dr Modak
joined Centre for Environmental Science
and Engg at IIT Bombay as a faculty in
1984. Dr Modak left IIT Bombay in 1995 to
set up Environmental Management Centre.
He has worked with almost all key UN,
multi-lateral and bi-lateral developmental
institutions in the world. Apart from
Government of India and various State
Governments, Dr Modak's advice is sought
by Governments of Bangladesh, Egypt,
Indonesia, Mauritius, Thailand and Vietnam.
He is a Council Member of International
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019
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Green Purchasing Network (IGPN),
Columnist for Green Purchasing Asia
magazine that is published from Malaysia
and Chairs Green Purchasing Network
India. He has received a number of awards
and recognitions and his name has been
listed in distinguished personalities on
environmental management.
……………………………………………..
Dr. T.K. Joshi
Dr. T.K. Joshi, is presently the
Advisor(Environmental Health) MoEFCC
and Fellow Collegium Mazzini. He has
formerly been the Project Director at Centre
for Occupational and Environmental health
at Lok Nayak Jai Prakash (LNJP) Hospital
and has worked extensively in the area of
various environmental projects dealing with
respiratory and environmental health. He
was formerly at London School of Hygiene
as a visiting research fellow at the Centre of
Occupational Health. He has been a
national consultant to WHO and has been
associated with several leading corporate
organizations and trade unions. He has
national and international experience and is
an acknowledged expert in the field.
………………………………………………….
Prof. Arun Sharma
Dr. Arun Sharma, is Director-Professor in
the department of Community Medicine at
University College of Medical Sciences,
University of Delhi. He is the professor in-
charge of the tele-medicine unit, and Head
of the Biostatistics and Medical Informatics
department of the college. He is a member
of the core committee of Medical Education
Unit, looking after the faculty development
program. He is a guest faculty at Faculty of
Management Studies, University of Delhi
and Occupational Health Consultant to
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation and Quality
Austria Central Asia Pvt. Limited. He has
been conducting workshops on research
methodology and biostatistics in various
institutions across the country. He had
been awarded Hubert Humphrey Fellowship
to study Epidemiology, Biostatistics and
Mental Health at Johns Hopkins School of
Public Health, USA, in 2004-05, WHO
Travel fellowship in 2002, Rockefeller
ICOWHI Scholarship in 2010 and
Department of Health Research visiting
scholarship to University of Illinois in 2015
for training in GIS and Spatial epidemiology.
He has more than 60 research publications.
His current research interests are
environmental health, spatial epidemiology,
chronic respiratory illnesses, one health and
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019
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zoonotic diseases. He is currently working
on three projects related to epidemiology of
chronic respiratory illness and air pollution
funded by Department of Health Research
and Ministry of Environment, Forest &
Climate Change and Ministry of Earth
Sciences, Govt. of India.
…………………………………………………..
Dr. Suresh Jain
Dr. Suresh Jain is Associate Professor at
the Department of Civil Engineering, Indian
IIT Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. He had
received his Ph.D. degree in air quality
modelling for urban transport emissions
from Civil Engineering Department, IIT Delhi
and Master of Technology in Environmental
Engineering and Management from IIT
Kanpur, India. Dr. Jain has more than 15
years’ research, teaching and consultancy
experience in the area of Environmental
Science and Engineering.Dr. Jain was
Professor and Head, Department of Energy
and Environment, TERI SAS (earlier TERI
University), New Delhi. Dr. Jain is expert
member of BRICS Network University on
behalf of Government of India. He is
founding member of Global Centre for
Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of
Surrey, UK. He has experience of
successful supervision and evaluation of
post graduate research students at doctoral
and masters’ levels. He has 3
international/national books/monographs
and around 50 international peer-reviewed
papers in journals to his credit. Presently,
he is supervising 3 Ph.D. students. He is
involved in several international and
national projects related to above topics. He
is a member of several professional bodies.
He is also associated with the Ford
Foundation, USA and Open Society
Foundations, UK for International
Fellowship program. He is recipient of
International Visitors Leadership Program
(IVLP), USA – 2017; Vice-Chancellor’s
Faculty of the Year Award – 2017;
Commonwealth Professional Fellow 2016-
17, UK; KTP Visiting Fellow-2014 by UTS,
Sydney; Role of Honor by TERI-2012-13
and earthian-2013 award by Wipro as a part
of sustainability program. Prof. Jain is
working with many international groups
such as UTS, Australia, University of
Surrey, University of Birmingham, UK and
Yale University, University of California,
USA.
…………………………………………………..
Dr. Nitin Deodhar
Dr Nitin Deodhar graduated with Honors in
Mechanical Engineering from MACT,
Bhopal & completed his post Gradation from
BATU, Raigad. He further pursued his Ph.D.
from CESE, IIT Bombay. After joining as
Management Trainee in Voltas, he worked
in Mumbai, Ahmedabad, and Pune in Sales,
Design, Service, Construction, and
Operations.
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019
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As Administrative Head and Branch
Manager, he was in a leadership position
and was also exposed to Finance, HR, and
Total Quality Management. His focus is
Energy Conscious Air Conditioning Designs
which are sustainable for Owners as well as
Users. Presently, Nitin and his team of
dedicated Engineers provide Design
Consultancy for various Electrical and air-
conditioning projects. They have designed
several LEED rated projects.
Dr. Nitin is an ASHRAE member, past
President of ISHRAE Pune Chapter,
member of the ISHRAE Technical
Committee and chair of ISHRAE research
committee.
…………………………………………………..
Dr. Ramachandran
Dr. Ramachandran is a Mechanical
Engineer from College of Engineering,
Trivandrum and has a Diploma in
Management Studies from Mumbai
University. He has more than 35 years’
experience in Air Conditioning .He is
Managing Director of Eskayem Consultants
Pvt Ltd, Mumbai and has 17 years’
experience in MEPF Consultancy.
Dr. Ramachandran has edited 4th Edition
of Mr P N Anathanarayanan's popular book
on Air Conditioning published by Mc Graw
Hill.He is an active member of ISHRAE and
has served the society in various capacities
including National President in 2015- 2016.
…………………………………………………..
Prof R. Saravanan
Prof R Saravanan is having over 25 years of
experience in the field of Energy Conversion
in buildings, solar heating, cooling systems
and combined power & cooling systems. He
holds a PhD in Solar Cooling from IIT
Madras and has published 65 International
Journal papers and presented around 140
papers in both National and International
Conferences.
He has carried out many research projects
for various Government of India
Departments and participated in the Marie
Curie Research Fellowship Program
sponsored by EU. He is the recipient of the
Young Scientist Research Grant Award and
Ramanna Fellowship award from the
Department of Science & Technology, Govt.
of India and has won The Emerson Cup
2010 & 2011 awards in the area of retail
and refrigeration category. He has also
guided his student in winning the Bry – Air
award 2014 on the development of
combined cooling and drying of agro
products.Currently he is the Member,
Commission E2, Heat Pump and Energy
Recovery, International Institute of
Refrigeration, IIR Paris and Chair, Technical
Committee, ISHRAE HQ, New Delhi
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ORAL PRESENTATION:
Session 1: IAQ Monitoring
and Modeling
Prof. Manju Mohan
Dr. Manju Mohan is currently
Professor and Head, Centre for
Atmospheric Sciences at IIT Delhi and
has about 38 years of research
experience in the area of Air Quality
Modelling, UrbanClimate, Heat Stress
and Mitigation Strategiesand Fog
prediction. The recently funded project
studies of Prof. Mohan pertains to
'Chemical Transport Modelling of
Atmospheric Aerosols', 'Urban Heat
Island Assessment from field campaigns
and Numerical MesoscaleModelling' and
' Impact of urbanization on Temperature
and rainfall predictions'. She has
begged prestigious scholarship, awards
and medals such as Fellow, Institute of
Environmental Engineers, Nawab Zain
Yar Jung Bahadur Memorial medal
(Institution of Engineers (India)] in
Environmental Sciences. She has been
earlier a member of Environmental
Appraisal Committee (Industry-I) of
MOEFCC, Govt. of India. She is
currently Member, Subject Expert
Committee in Earth and Atmospheric
Sciences for WOS-A of DST;Member,
Indian National Committee on Climate
Change (INCCC), Ministry of Water
Resources;Member, Review Committee
under the Chairmanship of LG Delhi for
improving Air Pollution in NCT of Delhi;
Member, Special committee, SES; JNU
etc. Prof. Mohan has been a post-
doctoral fellow at the Royal Netherlands
Meteorological Institute, The
Netherlands and at Atmospheric
Turbulence Diffusion Laboratory at
NOAA, Oak Ridge.She has been visiting
scientist at Iowa State University, USA;
Meteorological Office (Cardington), UK;
Cambridge University and University of
East Anglia, UK; and National Institute
of Environmental Studies, Tsukuba,
Japan and many others. She has
published about 75 research papers in
peerreviewed journals of international
repute and about equal number of book
chapters, conference proceedings,
technical newsletters, popular science
articles etc.
…………………………………………………..
Urban Heat Island Effect and Thermal Comfort in Context of Increasing Urbanization
Manju Mohan and Shweta Bhati Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi ,Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
The continuous population growth
and the subsequent economic expansion
have been the primary drivers of
urbanization mainly in the developing
countries. Urbanization has been known to
have significant influence on local
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019
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meteorology.As population centers grow in
size from village to town to city, they tend to
have a corresponding increase in average
temperature. This phenomenon is termed
as urban heat island (UHI). This
consequently increases building energy
demand for air-conditioning in warmer
countries like that of tropical regions. This
increase in energy demand could result in
not only additional generation of
anthropogenic heat but also further
intensification of heat islands themselves.
Urban heat island intensity estimations are
therefore important in urban planning as
well as emission reduction strategies.
The capital region of India, megacity
Delhi has grown by leaps andbounds during
past 2 - 3 decades. Thus, field campaigns
were undertaken in Delhi to analyze the
heat island scenario. Urban heat island
intensities were assessed based on in situ
measurements and satellite-derived
observations for the megacity Delhi during
selected periods of May 2008 and March
2010. A network of micrometeorological
observational stations was set up across the
city. Dense urban areas and highly
commercial areas like Sitaram Bazar,
Connaught Place (CP), BhikajiCama and
Noida which is a mix of residential and
commercial land use, were observed to be
UHI hotspots having highest UHI intensities.
Average UHI intensities at these areas
range from 4.0 to 4.3 °C and maximum
hourly intensities can peak upto 8-10°C.
The urban heat island effect has a
direct relation with thermal comfort. It has
the potential to prevent the city from cooling
down, maintaining night-time temperatures
at a level that affects human health and
comfort. A large section of urban population
in developing countries like India still does
not have air conditioning facilities and thus
are most affected by heat exhaustion, that
is, thermal stress induced discomfort during
day as well as night. Hence, analysis of UHI
vis-a-vis thermal comfort is essential with
regards to both economic as well as
environmental concerns.Numerical weather
prediction models like Weather Research
and Forecasting (WRF) and Urban canopy
Model (UCM) help in assessing thermal
comfort by means of providing a continuous
distribution of spatial and temporal data.In
the present study these models were used
to assess UHI with four different types of
input land use and land cover (LULC) data.
Each of these LULCs had successively
greater degree of urban built up areas with
the last one (user modified WRF-UCM)
representing LULC which was closest to
ground truth. In general, model is able to
capture the magnitude of UHI as well as
high UHI zones
There are many indices devised for
assessing thermal comfort. In the present
study, Heat Index, a commonly used
indicator of thermal comfort, is assessed
spatially using WRF-UCM derived results.
Urban areas were found to have higher
Heat Index than non-urban areas by a
difference of about 1.5–2 °C. Further, it was
found that urban canopy effect leads to rise
in thermal discomfort by increasing Heat
Index. There is an increase in Heat Index of
about 2.0–2.5 °C at dense built-up stations.
Decrease in thermal comfort causes a
significant impact on energy demand.
Hence, analysis of urban heat island effect
vis-a-vis thermal comfort provides useful
information with regard to impact on human
comfort and welfare
…………………………………………………..
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Particle and trace metal concentration in
Roadside residences of India
Aditi Kulshreshtha1 and Ajay Taneja2
1 Aditi Kulshrestha, Dwarkadas Sanghvi College
of Engineering, Mumbai, India 2 Ajay Taneja, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University,
Agra, India
Understanding of human exposure to indoor
particles of all sizes is important to enable
exposure control reduction. Especially for
smaller particles which may penetrate
deeper into the lungs and cause health
problems. These particles may contain
toxins and higher level of trace elements.
Concentration of fine particles (PM10 and
PM2.5) were measured in indoor outdoor
environment of roadside homes of North
central part of India during winter season.
Concentration of these particles were
compared with WHO standards and NAAQS
standards of India and were found to be
higher. Trace metal concentration for seven
metals (Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Cu and Fe) was
determined in PM2.5 and it ranged from
0.02) g/m3 to 2.64 pg/m3.
Trends of metal concentration was
Fe>Pb>Zn>Cr>Ni>Cu>Mn. Contaminated
household dust may represent a significant
route of exposure for humans to these toxic
metals. Correlation and PCA studies
identifies domestic activities and penetration
of dust from outdoors due to vehicular
movement and resuspension as major
source of particulate pollution in roadside
region. Enrichment factor study confirms
that most of the trace metal concentration in
PM2.5 indoors has outdoor contribution.
……………………………………………….
Characteristics of PM from different
south Indian cooking methods and
implications in health effects
Yaparla Deepthi*1, S.M. Shiva Nagendra1 and
Sathyanarayana N Gummadi2 1&2 Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras,
Chennai – 600036, India
Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) primarily
contributed from biomass burning in rural
households are significant health hazards.
Cooking activities are significant sources of
indoor Particulate Matter (PM). The current
study focus on characteristics of PM emitted
from different cooking methods including
boiling (rice, urad dal and preparation of
tea) and pan frying (wheat roti and omlet)
that are most commonly prepared in rural
areas of south India, were studied in a
domestic kitchen using biomass as fuel and
estimation of respiratory dosage. Controlled
experiments were carried out to study mass
and number concentrations of PM
generated when performing the above
cooking methods. Deposition fractions were
calculated using Multiple Particle Path
Dosimetry (MPPD) to study the deposition
patterns in different parts of the human
respiratory tract (HRT) – head,
tracheobronchial and pulmonary for women.
Dosage of particulate matter was calculated
by inputting the recorded PM
measurements, a comparison made for
different cooking methods are presented.
PM concentrations from pan frying were ~
1.6 times greater than boiling, primarily due
to usage of oil for frying. Also, pan frying
exhibited high levels of dosage (412 to 2240
µg) against the boiling (258 to 1119 µg).
However, urad dal exhibited a maximum
intensification of 8.7 times than preparation
of tea due to longer cooking duration. It is
evident from above discussions that cooking
methods are major attributes impacting IAP
in rural areas.
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Indoor-Outdoor Particulate Association
with its Metal Bound Concentrations in
Domestic Homes of Agra, India
Himanshi Rohra1 and Ajay Taneja2
1&2Department of Chemistry, Dr. Bhimrao
Ambedkar University, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, lndia
The present work endeavors to parade the
influence of particle size and associated
metals (Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, b,
Cd, Co, Zn) within coarse (2.5-10) m),
accumulation (2.5-0.25) m) and ultrafine
(UF) (<0.25pm) particulate matter (PM)
ranges in living rooms of residential homes
with their subsequent comparison with
outdoor levels at Agra, India. Higher PM
concentrations were measured through
cascade impactor in indoors (PM10' 264
kg/m3; PM2.5' 195 g/md) as compared to
outdoors (PM10' 212)g/m3; PM2.5' 153
pg/m3); both surpassing the WHO
benchmark targets. In view of size
segregated aerosol, q-UFP dominated
indoor (37O/o) and outdoor (28%)
concentration levels; accounting as major
health concern. Poor relationship between
indoor-outdoor particle sized levels and
coarse and fine PM indicate heterogeneity
of sources in concurrent with wash out of
particles during precipitation events in
sampling tenure. A unimodal lognormal
distribution of PM was obtained with
preference to droplet mode peak (1.0-0.5)
m) in outdoors that shifted to smaller size
(0.5-0.25pm) in indoors. For K, Co, Zn,
modal shifting in indoor vs outdoor aerosol
distribution was observed. The applied
regression model further inspected the
infiltration capacity of varied particle size
modes in different housing conditions.
Shifting of particles towards q-UF range in
indoors of roadside homes impacted
resident exposure to toxic particles. This
work prerequisites in designing pollution
control strategies to achieve a healthier
indoor living environment in this area.
………………………………………………….
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ORAL PRESENTATION:
Session 2: Acoustic & Thermal
Comfort
Dr. M.P. Maiya
Dr. M. P. Maiya joined Mechanical
Engineering Department of IIT Madras
in1988 (after completing PhD from IIT
Bombay) is presently serving as professor
since 2004. He has supervised 22 research
scholar theses and close to 100 Masters
and Bachelors degree student projects. He
has published over 175 papers in
international journals (70) and conferences.
His research interests are Sorption
technology, Desiccant and Evaporative
cooling, Air conditioning and Ventilation,
Passive cooling of buildings, CO2
refrigeration, Metal hydrides and Energy
systems. His accomplishments include 50
sponsored and consultancy projects (as
Principle / co- investigator), 25 Various
Educational Programs, Fellow Membership
from The Institution of Engineers (India),
DAAD fellowship, organizing several
workshops / conferences and best paper
awards, editorial board memberships and
editorships in journals, membership in
selection / jury committees, several
international academic assignments and
contribution to various professional
societies.
Thermal Comfort in Energy Efficient
Buildings - A way forward
1M.P.Maiya and 2S.M.Shiva Nagendra
1& 2Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Human aspiration is growing and so also
the demand for human comfort. Thermal
comfort is the major aspect of human
comfort and it is energy intensive. India is a
huge country and its comfort demand is
expected to triple in the next decade.
Efficient way of providing the thermal
comfort is need of the day. Concepts of
thermal comfort, adaptive comfort and air
conditioning practice are necessary to
understand the means and methods to
mitigate the energy related environmental
problems. Based on the above background,
a thermally activated building system
(TABS) is analyzed for thermal / adaptive
comfort. Being in the category of radiative
cooling system, its efficiency is inherently
high. It needs no or less energy for air
circulation between AHU and conditioned
room, saving about 20% energy. Cooled
building surfaces allow higher room air
temperatures for the same comfort. Chilled
water temperature can be higher than that
in the conventional systems. Both these
contribute to enhance the system
efficientsignificantly. Considering that high
chilled water temperature would suffice to
cool buildings by TABS concept, it is
modeled with water cooled passively by
cooling tower. The results of the numerical
model were validated by in-house
experimental data obtained for varied
operating conditions. The parametric
analysis reveals that such systems works
out well for arid regions. The reduction in
operative temperature is 14.4°C in Jaipur
(arid) against 6.6°C in Thiruvananthapuram
(tropical wet region). Increase in cooling
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surface area and shading of roof improve
the indoor thermal comfort significantly,
while increase in flow rate of water has
significant influence only at lower value of
flow rates. While passively cooled TABS
can provide good thermal comfort in arid
regions round the year, they can provide
reasonable comfort within the framework of
adaptive comfort in tropical wet regions too.
………………………………………………….
Dr. Yashkumar Shukla
Dr. Yashkumar Shukla is Technical Director
(Energy Systems) at Centre for Advanced
Research in Building Science and Energy
(CARBSE). He has more than fifteen years
of international experience in building
energy-efficiency research and serves as a
lead on several energy-efficiency research
projects at CARBSE. His current research
includes calibration of simulation models,
performance characterization of envelope
and HVAC systems, net-zero energy
buildings, and development of next-
generation control algorithms.
…………………………………………………..
Adaptive Thermal Comfort
Yash kumar Shukla1
1Technical Director (Energy Systems), Centre
for Advanced Research in Building Science and
Energy (CARBSE)
An Adaptive Thermal Comfort Standard can play
a significant role in reducing energy use while
maintaining the comfort, productivity, and well-
being of occupants. It recognizes that people’s
thermal comfort needs are dependent on their
past and present context and vary with the
outdoor environmental conditions of their
locations. The India Model of Adaptive (Thermal)
Comfort (IMAC) Study developed thermal
comfort guidelines that recognize the climatic
and workplace context of Indian offices. The
IMAC study derived comfort models for air-
conditioned, naturally ventilated, and mixed
mode buildings through an empirical field study
specific to the Indian context. A significant
finding of the IMAC study is that occupants in
Indian offices are more adaptive and tolerant of
warmer temperatures. The specification of a
broader comfort band suited to the Indian
context has the potential to reduce the use of
energy-intensive space cooling in Indian
buildings. This presentation shares findings from
the IMAC study.
…………………………………………………..
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Passive Cooling Techniques for Thermal
Comfort based designs in Low Cost Housing
Dr. P. Badan Narayana 1' L. Karunakar
Reddy2' Dr.K. Hemachandra Reddy3
1Renewable Energy, Director, Green Life Energy
Solutions, Hyderabad, TELANGANA, India 2Mechanical Engineering, Asst Professor,
Yogananda Inst of Technology & Sciences,
Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 3Dr. K. Hemachandra Reddy, Professor, Dept of
Mechanical Engineering, JNTUA College of
Engineering,Andhra Pradesh
Changing climatic scenario and global warming
are responsible for thermal discomfort in
residential and commercial buildings for
nearly 60% of the working population in
India. The thermal comfort of a building in
addition to energy saving is influenced by
various factors, including the thermo
physical properties of the building materials,
building orientation, ventilation, building
space usage and adaptation of the modern
and passive energy efficiency methods. In
this present work, two novel passive cooling
approaches are proposed for achieving
energy efficiency in buildings of tropical
region. They are - Natural ventilation
techniques and usage of Phase Change
Materials in Cement Mortar in construction.
During first part of the analysis, innovative
approaches for natural ventilation
techniques are developed. These
techniques aim at improving the ambient air
distribution through buoyancy effect and
also the wall temperature. New ventilation
techniques such as different housing
orientations, modern window designs and
wind chills for commercial buildings will be
explained. In second part, Phase Change
Materials incorporated as integral
substances in the construction materials will
be studies. Desirable properties of PCMs for
tropical regions would be — higher Latent
Heat value, good thermal stability and
optimum Phase Transition temperature.
Ba(OH)2.8H2O and Na2S2O3.5 H2O are
added in cement mortar and modelled for
analysing the thermo-physical
characteristics to achieve thermal comfort
designs for energy efficiency buildings. As
part of this work, a prototype block of a
miniature sized room will be designed and
fabricated using the above mentioned
composite mixture. Compressive strength of
the mixture (for finding out its mechanical
stability), thermal conductivity and thermal
storage capacity will be evaluated for the
proposed composite mixture. Later,
combined approaches of both Natural
ventilation and Phase Change Material
designs will be studied and modelled for a
low-cost housing scenario in suitable
simulation software such as ANSYS.
Comparative Analysis of Measured and
Simulated Ventilative Cooling Benefits
for A Residential Apartment Unit in Hot
and Dry Climate of India
Devna Vyas1Yashkuniar Shukla2
1 Architecture, Optimize Architectural Solutions,
Gujarat, India 2 CARBSE, CEPT University, Gujarat, India
Purchase of air conditioning systems is
exponentially increasing in India probably
due to increasing purchasing power of the
occupants. The increased number of air
conditioning systems will have a significant
impact on energy use of the country.
Effective ventilative cooling can play can of
air conditioning system usage of the
building when outdoor conditions are
favorable. Ventilative cooling is especially
feasible for residential buildings where
nighttime temperatures can be utilized to
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provide comfort to the occupants. This
paper extends earlier work conducted by
the author on estimating ventilative cooling
benefits for a residential apartment unit in a
hot and dry climate of India. This paper
focuses on investigating the difference
between simulated and measured
ventilative cooling benefits in an apartment
unit.In the earlier work, the ventilation rates,
air temperatures, and surface temperatures
in a bedroom of an apartment building are
monitored for a month. Based on these
measurements, the ventilation cooling
benefits are estimated for the unit. In the
current paper, the simulation models are
developed in two simulation engines —
Energyplus and VentiCool. Further, the
measured outdoor weather data are entered
in these simulation models to compare the
estimated and measured ventilation rates
for the apartment unit. The comparative
analysis is also performed between the
measured and simulated temperatures.
Finally, the paper investigates the reasons
for differences between the measured and
simulated ventilation cooling benefits. It
highlights the key differences and proposes
a method to validate the simulation models.
…………………………………………………
Performance evaluation of TiO 2 /PAC air
filter for indoor air purification
Lekshmi Mohan V 1, S.M. Shiva Nagendra 1,
Prakash M. Maiya 2
1Environmental and Water Resources
Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil
Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai 2Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Laboratory,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT
Madras,Chennai
Indoor air purification technologies are
inevitable for sustainable development from
health and economic perspectives. Volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) trigger sick
building syndrome symptoms in buildings
ventilated with heating, ventilation and air
conditioning systems. In the present study,
the VOC removal performance of an
efficient TiO2/PAC coated non-woven fabric
filter was compared with commonly used
TiO2 filter. The experiments were conducted
in a laboratory scale annular closed-loop
reactor under indoor environmental
conditions. Synergetic adsorption-
photodegradation of common indoor VOC
classes namely, aromatics, alcohol and
alkanes were studied by varying face
velocity through the filter. The results
indicated that removal efficiency of
TiO2/PAC filter was 10-20% higher than
TiO2 filter. The removal efficiency obtained
followed the order of
alcohol>aromatics>alkanes. Further, under
high air velocities TiO2/PAC filter performed
better than TiO2 filter. The removal of
ethanol, toluene and hexane exhibited 3%,
5% and 10% diminution in efficiency for
every 0.5 m/s increase in filter face velocity.
The present study investigated the high
efficiency TiO2/PAC coated filter under real-
world indoor conditions which can be an
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energy efficient solution for wide range of air
purification applications.
…………………………………………………
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ORAL PRESENTATION:
Session 3: Lighting,
Performance and Productivity
Dr. Vishal Garg is Professor and Head of
the Center for IT in Building Science at IIIT
Hyderabad. His current research interests
are in the areas of building energy
simulation, building automation, and cool
roofs. He teaches building automation and
controls, energy simulation, and lighting
design &technology. He holds a B.Tech.
(Hons.) degree in Civil Engineering from
MBM Engineering College, Jodhpur and a
Ph.D. from the IIT Delhi. He was the
founding presidentof Indian chapter of
International Building Performance
Simulation Association (IBPSA) and chaired
the organizing committee of International
Conference for Building Simulation-2015
and upcoming International Conference on
Countermeasures to Urban Heat Islands
(IC2UHI) scheduled in Dec 2019. He is lead
author of “Building Energy Simulation:
A Workbook Using Design Builder”. He
received the inaugural Arthur H. Rosenfeld
Urban Cooling Achievement Award 2018.
Real-time daylight estimation and control
Vishal Garg1
International Institute of Information Technology,
Hyderabad, India
There are different aspects of daylight that
has been proven to effect the human visual
and non- visual system. Day lighting in
buildings have a substantial impact on
workers’ health, productivity, performance,
and circadian system. It can enhance the
overall experience of built spaces and
benefit the inhabitants in many ways.
However, it is necessary to control the
daylight admission inside buildings to avoid
visual and thermal discomfort. Automated
shading and integrated lighting control
systems are being used in buildings, for
controlling the daylight either in closed loop
or open loop system. A typical commercial
closed loop system usually has a series of
indoor photo-sensors integrated with
dimmers to maintain desk illuminance levels.
Unfortunately, these sensors are expensive
to install at each desk, challenging to
commission and difficult to calibrate
therefore highly prone to errors. Whereas in
open loop systems, sensors are mounted at
external surface of façade to measure sky
conditions and daylight availability. However,
these devices are only capable of giving
single specific measurements without
accounting size, directionality, temporal and
spatial dynamics of clouds. This leads to
failure of the control system to respond in a
timely fashion by inaccurately estimating
visual discomfort parameters. A reliable
estimation of sky conditions and indoor
daylight metrics is crucial to open loop
controls system. The impact of lighting in
regulating the circadian rhythm in human
body has been strengthen with the recent
discovery of intrinsically photosensitive
retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). However,
Prof. Vishal Garg
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there is lack of accessible instruments to
measure the circadian lighting and therefore
it’s difficult to monitor daylit spaces and
incorporate circadian aspects of lighting in
design process.
To understand the impacts of lighting, it is
essential to devise methods that can
quantify both visual and non-visual
parameters of day lighting. In this work, a
system has been developed to operate a
physical setup to calculate glare,
illuminance, correlated colour temperature
and circadian lighting in an indoor space
using high dynamic range (HDR) imaging
and control the window roller shades based
on glare levels in an open loop system.
…………………………………………………
Mr. Ashish Bahal
Lead – Architect Program & Creative
Design; Senior Faculty, Philips Lighting
Academy is a professional with Bachelor’s
Degree in Architecture (SPA Delhi, 2001)
with over 17 years’ qualitative experience in
Design, Construction Management in
Interiors, Buildings, Real Estate, Industrial
and Development sector. He has had a
diverse and unique work experience as an
entrepreneur, architect, interior designer,
project manager, development expert and
technical marketer with demonstrated ability
to focus on technologies, interiors,
infrastructure, social development,
networking, habitat, construction, lighting
and architecture. He works for Philips as
National Application Specialist and brings
green design and aesthetic approach to
Philips Lighting. He has a working
relationship with 100+ architects across
India. He has written various articles in
Architecture and interiors magazines on
lighting and relevant subjects. He is also a
member of Technical Advisory Committees
of IGBC, GBCI, TERI-GRIHA, ECBC, IEQ
etc. as a Lighting expert. He is also a
certified faculty at Philips Lighting Academy.
…………………………………………………..
Correlation between Light, health,
wellness and productivity
Ashish Bahal1
Architect Program & Creative Design; Senior
Faculty,Philips Lighting Academy
The presentation will highlight the
correlation between light, health, wellness
and productivity with proof points of return
on investment. It will also emphasize the
human centric lighting standards and good
practices.
…………………………………………………..
Impact of Acoustical Ambience on
Human Performance
1S. Rajagopalan Ph.D., F.I.E., M.ISHRAE
1S.Rajagopalan Associates Kanchan Vrinda,
Khare Town, Nagpur, India
The quality of indoor air is decided by the
nature of energy/particle content in it. As for
the noise level content, the topic has been
found to arouse strong emotions: some feel
that noise will impair any human function
and some others feel that noise, at best,
could only impair human hearing. The effect
of noise on human performance is more or
less well understood through research and
is found to be very much dependent upon
the task(s) undertaken. Presence of noise
has been found to trigger the nervous
system and produces moderate level of
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concentration upon some sources/tasks of
information to the detriment of others. For
example, at low noise levels a worker
attempts to attend to the task rather than to
irrelevant surroundings, and could be
considered as desirable. There could be
situations when medium or high noise levels
result in neglect of some parts of the task
being unattended or could induce errors in
performance. If automatic or internal
operations are involved, they may go
adequately even in the presence of noise.
Our research based on custom-made
survey show that simple tasks are almost
unaffected by familiar noise. Reaction time
and manual dexterity in certain tasks seem
more or less unaffected by presence of
moderately high sound levels. Sound
signals arriving without any warning resulted
in slower reactions and a transient high
level noise was found to positively impact
the quality of performance. Office oriented,
arithmetical or some such intellectual
operations are affected partially in the
presence of moderate to high noise levels.
In the presence of levels above 55 dBA
especially if it has low frequency
components, performers have shown
moments of inefficiency, creating silly
mistakes or a pause during task
performance. Social and inter-personal
effects and the aftereffects of noise
exposure will also be discussed.
…………………………………………………..
Impact of Classroom Illuminance on
Concentration Performance of
Students
Pratima Singh1, Renu Arora2, Radha Goyal3
1,2Department of Resource Management and
Design Application, Institute of Home
Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi 3Indian Pollution Control Association, New
Delhi
Adequate illuminance plays a significant
role on the performance, health and well-
being of occupants. Evidences from
literature indicate that performance of
students can be considerably increased by
providing appropriate visual environment.
Illuminance in educational space needs
special emphasis because of the nature of
activities carried out in the classrooms
which require considerable amount of
attention and concentration. Realizing the
need for research in this area, an attempt
was made to investigate the impact of
classroom illuminance on Concentration
Performance (CP) of students studying in
schools located in Delhi. The illuminance
levels for the classrooms were recorded
using digital lux meter ‘Testo-545’ without
making any alterations or changes in the
classroom lighting. The concentration
performance of children was assessed
using a speed and accuracy test i.e. d2 test.
The findings from the results indicated
positive correlation between classroom
illuminance and concentration performance.
Appropriate illuminance was linked with
increased comfort of the students, which
translated into higher scores and increased
performance
………………………………………………….
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Technologies for Indoor Air Quality: Yes!
But with common sense and good
practices as well…
Frederic Hammel1
1Ethera, France
Contrarily to ambient outdoor air, Indoor air
quality is one that can be controlled. If well
designed air quality monitoring stations and
ventilation systems is one key, basic good
practices and common sense is not less
essential! Defining the parameters to follow,
the sensor’s performances and the
sampling’s periodicity is key to assess the
indoor pollutant’s level, and their probable
sources. Thus, it is easier to define actions
to improve and maintain appropriate levels
of pollutants for a long term healthy
occupancy. Reducing pollutant sources and
optimize building’s ventilation are easy ways
to start Indoor Air Quality control. But in
urban environment, air treatment becomes
more and more essential to provide healthy
environment. Continuous monitoring multi-
parameter stations are providing rich and
diverse information’s, very useful to
understand unexpected situations (i.e
inappropriate design systems, system’s
malfunction, specific pollution sources,
activity monitoring,…). Finally, good sense
and IAQ diagnosis’ data analysis are a first
step to better identify pollution sources, and
open ways to combine energy savings and
healthy indoor air. When difficulty raises
with polluted sources outdoor and indoor,
treatment strategies will be required, but
have to be correctly customized, to provide
performances at reasonable cost of
investment.
………………………………………………….
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ORAL PRESENTATION:
Session 4: IAQ Monitoring &
Modeling
Prof. S.K. Singh
Prof. S. K. Singh is a Professor & Dean, at
Delhi Technological University, Delhi. He is
engaged in teaching, research,
administration and consultancy for the last
30 years and presently is a Professor of
Civil & Environmental Engineering from the
last 18 years at Delhi Technological
University, Delhi (Formerly Delhi College of
Engineering). He is presently Head,
Environmental Engineering Department and
Dean (International Relations) at Delhi
Technological University. He is also
Member of Board of Governors, CSMRS,
Ministry of Water Resources, GOI; Member,
Board of Management, Vishvesvaraiya
Group of Institutions; Member, Board of
Management, Walchand College of
Engineering, Sangli (M.S.); Chairman,
Departmental Promotion Committee, IASRI
(ICAR) New Delhi; Member, University
Court, University of Delhi.
Investigation of Fine Particulate Matter in
Underground Parking Lot
Rajeev Kumar Mishra, S.K. Singh, Shailendra
Kumar Yadav
Department of Environmental Engineering,Delhi
Technological University, Delhi, India
Air pollution is the biggest environmental
problem, particularly in the urban
environment where the population is
constantly growing and air quality is
decreasing proportionately. It occurs when
harmful substances including particulates
and biological molecules are introduced
into Earth's atmosphere. It may cause
diseases, allergies or death of humans; it
may also cause harm to other living
organisms such as animals and food crops,
and may damage the natural or built
environment. Air Pollution has remained
consistently high and rising in Delhi and has
also a mixed trend over the years. The
emission from vehicles is very injurious to
human beings as it contains many harmful
pollutants such as CO (Carbon monoxide),
NOX (oxides of nitrogen), HC
(hydrocarbons) and fine particulate matter.
The objective of this paper is to analyze air
pollution status with respect to fine
particulate matter (PM2.5) in underground
parking lot of Unity one mall, Rohini. The
monitoring was done in the 2nd floor
basement of parking lot of Unity one mall.
The results show the highest concentration
of particulate matter (1100 µg/m3) on
Sunday and minimum concentration of
particulate matter was 230µg/m3on Tuesday
in first week of Monitoring, but second week
monitoring results are lower in concentration
with first week monitoring result. This works
justify the background particulate matter’s
concentration effect on parking
microenvironment.
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Dr. Shri Harsha Kota
Dr. Kota has more than 4yrs of teaching
experience in IIT Guwahati and IIT Delhi
and presently he is working as an Assistant
professor in environmental engineering at
IIT Delhi. Dr. Kota has a PhD Degree in
Regional Aair Quality Modeling and Source
Apportionment Tools to Evaluate Vehicle
Emission Factors from Texas A & M
University (TAMU) , U.S.A. He has to his
credit more than 25 journal publications in
reputed international journals and has
completed 7 National and International
projects in the field of Air Quality.
He is a reviewer in international journals i.e.
Atmospheric Environment, Environmental
Pollution, Journal of Air & Waste
Management Association and
Environmental Research amongst others.
………………………………………………….
Indoor air quality: Models & their
comparison
Sri Harsha Kota
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, 110016, India
Indoor air quality (IAQ) plays a significant
role in people’s life due to the fact that a
considerable amount of time is spent by the
people indoors. According to WHO about
3.8 million people, mostly women and
young children who spend majority of the
times indoor died prematurely due to indoor
air pollution in 2016. Sources of indoor air
pollution usually consist of combustion
activity, furniture, chemicals, building
materials, smoking activity etc. The
fundamental approaches for good indoor air
quality requires better ventilation and air
recirculation systems apart from
banning/reducing use of materials, which
emits harmful pollutants. Indoor air quality
models can be used not only to estimate the
contaminant concentrations and personal
exposure but also help in identifying the
appropriate ventilation and recirculation
rates required for better quality of air
indoors. Three IAQ models, viz: CONTAM,
Indoor Air Quality Design Tool (IAQDT) and
ASHRAE Standard 62.1 Mathematical
Model were used to model a space using
similar parameter values, outdoor air data
and contaminant generation rates. IAQDT
and ASHRAE Standard 62.1 Mathematical
Model are both single zone systems while
CONTAM considers multi-zone airflow. The
results indicate that in a single zone system
each of these tools achieve similar results
with differences mainly due to the inputs
required in each method (e.g., contaminant
generation and sink rates, occupancy
schedule, outdoor air ventilation schedule,
etc.). In multi-zone system, the results
indicated that recirculation air from other
zones needs to be modeled for an accurate
representation of zone air contaminant
concentrations.
…………………………………………………
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Dr. Parveen Babu
Dr. Praveen Babu, Assistant Professor from
Department of Civil Engineering, Amity
University Haryana, Gurugram. He did his
Ph.D. from IIT Delhi (Civil and
Environmental Engineering), M.E.
(Environment Engineering) and B.E. (Civil
Engineering). His area of interest is air
quality engineering (both indoor/outdoor)
monitoring, modelling and management in
indoor/outdoor environments.
He have expertise in various Bachelor level
and Masters level courses in environmental
engineering (including, Air pollution and
control; Air Quality Modelling; Industrial
waste management, pollution prevention
and control; Environmental Science) and
also he have delivered lectures in technical
workshops.
He have professional affiliations from both
national and international level, such as, life
member from Indian Aerosol Science and
Technology Association (IASTA), India;
Student member from The Aerosol Society,
United Kingdom; International Society for
Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ),
USA; American Society of Heating,
Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE), USA. He have
published 14 national/international peer
reviewed journal papers, conferences and
research articles. He also received student
travel award (~€1000) from International
Society for Indoor Air Quality and Climate
(ISIAQ), USA, for attending 14th
International Conference on Indoor Air
Quality and Climate, Ghent, Belgium (2016)
and best paper award from Indian Building
Congress, New Delhi and best poster award
from 3rd National Conference on
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (NCRAC-
13), IIT Madras, Chennai. Apart from
his research, he also served in Sustainable
IIT Delhi as a Green Office Advisory Board
member to maintain green campus.
……………………………………………………….
Indoor Air Quality: Monitoring, Modeling
and Management Protocol for Indoor
Environments
Praveen B.1
1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil
Engineering, Amity University Haryana,
Gurugram, India.
People spend 80-90% of their time inside
the buildings compare to outdoor
environment, so that, the Indoor Air Quality
(IAQ) has been of growing concern over the
past several years. Thus, for many people,
the risks to health may be greater due to
exposure to air pollution in indoor
environments. In addition, people who may
be exposed to indoor air pollutants for the
longest periods of time are most often
susceptible to the effects of Indoor Air
Pollution (IAP).The concentration of these
indoor contaminants depends on their
generation rate, volume of the indoor
environment, mixing efficiency of the indoor
space and the decay rates of the pollutants.
The topic mainly focuses on the importance
and needs of IAQ monitoring, modeling and
management protocol for indoor
environments. And this begins by describing
the status of IAQ and its technical factors
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involving to carryout IAQ monitoring and
modeling protocol for indoor environments
and also the management strategies
involving to overcome the IAQ problems.
Finally, the different IAQ modeling (i.e.
numerical and analytical) tools that can be
used for modeling IAP and the type of
problems where a particular model is best
suited.
…………………………………………………
Assessment and Management of Indoor
Air Quality in a Research Laboratory - A
case study of Delhi city
Amit Kumar Mishra1 ' Pratyush P. Mishra,
Sunil Gulia, S.K. Goyal
1Delhi Zonal Centre, CSIR-NEERI, Naraina
Industrial Area, Delhi, India 2Pratyush P. Mishra, CSIR-NEERI Delhi Zonal
Centre, Delhi, India
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) has drawn the
attention of all the scientific community
around the globe. People spend most their
time in indoors, without knowing that they
are inhaling the high concentration of Indoor
air pollutants (IAPs). The IAP
concentrations are generally found higher
compared to ambient air due to poor
ventilation. Indoor air pollution is ranked as
one of the top five risks to public health.
Poor IAQ can adversely obstruct the mental,
physical and social ability of a person, which
affect the working efficiency.
The present study is an attempt to assess
the PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations
in one of the research laboratory in Delhi
city. The monitoring is carried out using a
portable aerosol monitor at the different
indoor environment of the building such as
chemical laboratory, microbial laboratory,
administration office, canteen and
undisturbed area. The monitoring is carried
out for three consecutive days at the same
time in the respective area. The monitoring
is carried out during working hour only. The
preliminary results indicate that 15 minute
average PM10, PM2.5, and PM1
concentration were found highest in
chemical laboratory, i.e, 114±25 µg/m3,
58±10 µg/m3, 33±5 µg/m3, respectively and
lowest at un-disturbed area i.e., 42±4 µg/m3,
33±2 ) µg/m3, 22±2 µg/m3 respectively. It is
also observed that PM2 5/PM10 and
PM10/PM2.5 ratio was found higher at un-
disturbed area i.e., 0.79 and 0.75,
respectively compared to other studied
areas. It indicated that fine and ultrafine
particles are travel more from outdoor
compared to the larger particle. Further, the
study also evaluated the possible measures
to control the indoor air pollution and
prioritized the indoor air purifying plants
based on their efficiency.
…………………………………………………..
Seasonal dynamism of indoor and
outdoor microbial levels across different
socio-economic zones (SEZs)
Palak Balyan1*, Chirashree Ghosh1, Shukla
Das2& B. D. Banerjee3 1Environmental Pollution Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi. 2Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS), University of Delhi. 3Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS), University of Delhi.
Introduction: Bio aerosols are significant
constituent of the indoor environment and
may be associated with numerous adverse
health effects. Human spend around 90% of
their time in enclosed environment either
athome or at other places. It is thus, highly
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desirable to identify and to control indoor
bioaerosol exposure. In India interestingly,
the indoor and outdoor sources and factors
which affect bioaerosols count, vary with
season and diverse socio-economic status.
Thus, it is important to understand the
dynamism of indoor and outdoor microbial
levels across different seasons and socio-
economic zones (SEZs) to minimise the
exposure.
Methodology: Theindoor residential and
outdoor levels of bacteria and fungi were
monitored simultaneously at three different
SEZs. The houses in low SEZ were small
and had inadequate ventilation. The mid-
SEZ had comparatively bigger houses with
adequate natural ventilation whereas high
SEZ was a plush colony with big houses
having mechanical ventilation system
operating during extreme of weather. The
microbial counts were measured using
passive settle plate method. The samplings
were conducted fortnightly for three years
(2013-2016).
Results: The correlation between indoor
and outdoor microbial levels were
statistically significant(p<0.01). The indoor-
outdoor ratio(I/O) was more than one for
bacteria, in all three SEZs except post-
monsoon season in high SEZ whereas in
case of fungi, I/O was less than one except
monsoon season at both mid and high SEZ.
Though values of I/O ratio remained skewed
across the significant level i.e. 1 for both
microbes, they showed a significant
seasonal variation(p<0.01).
Conclusion: The outdoor microbial count
had a significant effect on composition of
microbes in indoor air despite different
ventilation systems. The bacteria had both
indoor as well as outdoor sources (I/O>1)
whereas indoor fungi are mainly sourced by
outdoor air (I/O<1). The season had a
significant indoor-outdoor milieu of microbes
which also varied across the SEZs.
…………………………………………………..
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ORAL PRESENTATION:
Session 5: Standards and
Control
Dr. Dipankar Saha
Dr. Dipankar Saha has been serving as the
Head of Air Laboratory Division at Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Ministry of
Environment, Forest & Climate Change,
Government of India in Delhi, India. In this
capacity. Dr. Saha has been associated
with the CPCB since 1998, serving in
various positions and postings. He prepared
the Emergency Action Plans for Kanpur and
Agra, and was instrumental in setting up the
CPCB laboratory in Kanpur and the
establishment of ambient air quality
monitoring stations at Agra. Prior to joining
CPCB, Dr. Saha was a Research Officer at
the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve for the
Government of West Bengal. Dr. Saha Dr.
Panigrahi holds a Master of Science degree
from the University of Calcutta, and he was
also awarded a Doctor of Philosophy
degree by the University of Calcutta in
1989. He is a member of Expert Appraisal
Committee (Infra-2) of MoEF&CC for
sectoral projects related to Airport, Ship
breaking Yards, CHWTs, CETPs, MSWs,
Construction Projects, Townships etc.
Developing Indoor Air Quality Standards
and Controls in India
Dipankar Saha
Former, Additional Director & Head, Air
Quality Monitoring &; Management, Central
Pollution Control Board, Delhi
Estimated global burden of disease’s due to
indoor air pollution is said to be 27%. Being
not the mandate of any of the organization,
much attention has not been paid and also
work done in this effect appears inadequate.
The Indoor air being confined air, the quality
is dependent on ventilation pattern or air
exchange ratio, besides the use. The
natural air exchange rate is again governed
by geographic position, local land use
pattern, building orientation, season etc. in
any tropical country and India is not the
exception. The management of indoor air
quality with air handling system and without
air handing system are quite different.
Further, developing air quality standard is
not just having a bench mark but the bench
marks should be affordable, monitorable
and fits with the methodological protocol
and also feasible. The implementation of
control systems for all types of buildings,
rural, semi urban or urban, should be cost
effective. Therefore, notifying the indoor air
quality standard may not be a one-step
solution. Initially, we can have standards for
two monitorable parameters, Particulate
Matter (2.5) and Carbon-di-oxide to start
with (first generation standard).
Further, identification of sources of pollution
on the basis of socio-economic condition of
India including identification of primary,
secondary parameters with reference to
health impacts, hospitalization, loss of work
force, pre-mature and elderly death etc. are
needed for development of standard.
Defining protocol for monitoring (sampling
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durations, locations with reference to source
and ventilation, personal exposure etc.)
parameters, instruments and
instrumentations including calibration
protocol should be part of the standard.
These may be considered in defining
second generation of standard.
Development of standards or goal based on
sources or use category are also important
for indoor air pollution for development of
strategy. Development of case studies in
South Asian region, capacity building &
training for development of indoor air quality
goal for all major utility sectors, health care
centers, institutions, defining exposure are
also needed to be standardized before
development of third generation standard.
………………………………………………………
LEGIONELLA CONTROL IN BUILDING
WATER SYSTEMS WITH A FOCUS ON
THE HOTEL SECTOR
Mahesh Prabhu1 1Consulting, Essem Technologies, Goa, India
The Global Hospitality Sector is expanding
at a fast pace to keep up with the booming
Travel & Tourism Business. Hotel sector
infrastructure upgradation is typically done
by the provision of superior amenities as a
value proposition to the guests, which
include water features such as Spas, Lobby
Fountains, Splash pools in guest rooms etc.
These water sources and supply lines
running into and within the building provide
locations for the growth of Legionella
Bacteria and pathways for potential
exposure to infection and contraction of
Legionnaires Disease. In addition, Hotels
with modern HVAC systems which utilize
high-efficiency Water Cooled Chillers
connected to Cooling Towers requiring high
standards of Water Hygiene to be
maintained in the circulating water, which
otherwise could emanate contaminated
drifts —one of the main causes for the
proliferation of Legionella Bacteria
The presentation deals with Legionella
Control in the Hospitality Sector and traces
the origins, proliferation, and monitoring of
Legionella Bacteria and the causes and
symptoms of Legionnaires Disease. Various
Risk Systems are discussed with emphasis
on Cooling Towers as high-risk systems.
The concept of a Biofilm as the culprit within
pipelines is explained. Monitoring of
Legionella Bacteria, Global Standards with
a specific reference to ASHRAE standard
188 and its importance are highlighted. The
presentation touches upon Solutions to
Legionella Control in Hotel Water systems
with an overview of Water Treatment
Strategies being practiced.
The presentation culminates with a brief on
Medical Diagnosis and Medication for
Legionellosis and concludes with an
emphasis on Legionella Compliance as the
way forward for the Global Hospitality
Majors to protect their brand image and
ensure continuity of business.
………………………………………………………
Controlling Mold Contamination at an
Upscale Hotel in Downtown Singapore
Saurabh Saini1
1Industrial Hygiene Department, Golder
Associates (Singapore) Pte Ltd, Singapore,
Singapore
Mold contamination within buildings
especially outside of North America may not
be considered a significant concern. The
reasons may be cultural or lack of
regulatory requirements surrounding
potential mold exposure. This presentation
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will discuss how a major international
developer of hotels in Asia had to deal with
chronic mold contamination during a
multimillion dollar remediation project of an
upscale hotel, located in downtown
Singapore.
Mold contamination and remediation is not
regulated in Singapore and the remediation
project had to be completed while the hotel
remained in operation. This proved to be a
major challenge but paved the way for
several opportunities to develop innovative
assessment protocols and techniques to
overcome resource and time limitations
during the project.
A comprehensive mold remediation
specification was developed which varied
for different levels of treatments required for
different kinds of materials and rooms with
primary objective in physical removal of
contaminated materials from the Hotel. In
addition, the local mold remediation industry
is still developing, with most construction
contractors having very little experience with
mold remediation protocols. The
presentation will highlight how on-site
assessment tools, such as the Mycometer,
were utilized successfully to manage the
remediation project in a multi-stakeholder
environment and also saving the client
significant amounts of money and time to
complete the project.
………………………………………………………
Indoor Air Quality Control & Sustainable
Solutions for Commercial Buildings
Sean Menezes1 1IAQ Solutions, Sterling and Wilson Pvt Ltd,
Maharashtra, India
Poor Indoor Air Quality in commercial
buildings is a growing concern these days,
with several studies suggesting that indoor
air pollution is 2-5 times worse than outdoor
air pollution. Most individuals spend
approximately 8-10 hours a day at their
workplace, exposing themselves to
dangerous indoor air pollutants such as
bacteria, mold, viruses, carcinogenic VOC’s
(volatile organic compounds) generated
within the office building. Micro-organisms
and VOC’s are continuously released in
commercial buildings and it is important to
effectively keep the counts under control,
since the generation of these pollutants are
dynamic and cannot be predicted. The air
cleaners available in the market are
expensive and have limitations in
addressing the problem at its source. They
are not capable of handling large volumes
of air present in commercial office buildings,
most of which are air-conditioned by central
plants and air handling units.
This challenge sparked off the inspiration to
design an innovative and effective solution
that addresses the above issues and
provides centralized decontamination of Air
at the source. The system combines UVGI
(ultra violet germicidal irradiation) and
Photocatalytic oxidation technology in a
module which aesthetically integrates with
the AHU.
When UV-C rays irradiate onto the
photocatalytic reactor coated with Nano
particles of titanium dioxide, hydroxyl
radicals are released, which react with the
contaminants present in air and oxidize
them into harmless by-products. The
Photocatalytic reactor is designed to
maximize the contact of air molecules mixed
with pollutants, passing through the system
since this is critical for effective
decontamination of air. This reduces the by-
pass factor and effectively destroys
pollutants, thereby decontaminating the air.
We engaged a third party NABL Certified
Lab to determine the efficacy of the system
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in a testing facility as well as in a fully
functional office environment. The results
clearly determine the efficacy of the system
and periodic testing & monitoring over a
nine-month period establish the proof of
concept and sustainability of the solution,
which I can discuss in greater detail at the
poster viewing session.
The IAQ system is an ideal solution to
address the growing concern of poor indoor
air quality, and can be easily integrated with
AHU’s in new projects as well as retro-fitted
in existing offices which makes it an
effective and viable solution to improve
Indoor Air Quality on a sustainable basis.
………………………………………………………..
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ORAL PRESENTATION:
Session 6: IAQ Exposure and
Health
Dr. Ajay Taneja
Dr Ajay Taneja is presently working as
Professor in the Department of Chemistry,
Dr B R Ambedkar University Agra. India. He
has more than 25 years of teaching and
research experience. His research interest
is in Environmental Chemistry and Air
pollution. He has guided more than 15 Ph.D
and 22 M. Phil students. He has coauthored
more than 120 research articles, 5 books, 5
book chapters and 5 research reports. He is
life member/Fellow of many professional
bodies and is holding the post of Joint
Secretary, Indian Council of Chemists India
since 2006. He is also reviewer of many
International Journals. He was also
awarded Father Rev. T. A. Mathias
“National award for Innovative College
Teachers for the year 2001” by All India
association for Christian higher education.
He is a Resource person for IAQ workshops
for The Associated chambers of commerce
& Industry of India, New Delhi and for
Environment sciences in Academic Staff
College of different Universities &
science and technology (DST) Schools on
Earth and Environment Sciences. He is also
a consultant to the task force set up by
Central Pollution Control board to set up
standards and SOPs for Indoor air pollution
in India and have traveled 14 countries for
academic purposes and have participated in
many national and international conferences
and workshops.
……………………………………………........
Size segregated Particulate Levels and
Health Risk Quantification of Metal
Content in Mixed Residential Areas of
Northern India
Ajay Taneja1 and Himanshi Rohra2
1&2Department of Chemistry, Dr. B.R.Ambedkar.
University, Agra, India
The present work investigates indoor air
pollution through analysis of size
segregated aerosol data (>2.5µm, 2.5-
1.0µm, 1.0-0.5µm, 0.5-0.25µm) in varied
residential homes separated by income and
location at Agra, India. The study offered
that discrepancy in lifestyle and indoor
activities affects indoor particle mass
concentration level dependent upon the
source and house characteristics. Around
28-39% increased particulate
concentrations were reported in low socio-
economic homes than higher waged homes.
A cascade impactor with PTFE filters
collected particulate matter (PM) pollutant in
coarse (>2.5 µm) and fine (quasi-
accumulation ranges) (2.5-1.0, 1.0-0.5, 0.5-
0.25 µm). Elevated loading for smaller size
particulates (PM0.5-0.25= 54.08 μg/m3)
was observed. Three main behavioural
groups were identified following the size
partitioning trend of elements (a) elements:
Fe, Ca, Cr, Cu concentrated in coarser
particles (b) elements distributed mainly
within fine particle ranges: Zn, K, Al, Pb, Ni
and (c) elements: Mn and Mg exhibiting
indefinite partitioning pattern. Fine to coarse
mass concentration ratio of all metals
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except Fe and Cr indicated their derivation
from anthropogenic indoor sources.
Enrichment factor and correlational analysis
gave insight of the potential sources of
metals. Bioavailability index further
calculated showed the importance of
smaller size particles in simulated lung
environment that further varied with element
(21% for Pb) and size (higher in PM0.5-
0.25) elucidating increase in aerosol
enrichment to finest particle. Higher non-
carcinogenic and carcinogenic threats were
embedded within Mn (HQ= 12.1) and Cr(VI)
(ELCR= 1.21*10-3 (adults); 3.63*10-4
(child)) in fine (PM2.5-1.0) and coarser
(PM>2.5) fractions respectively. Results of
this work provide insight into size
segregated particulate monitoring and
address need for inclusive investigation to
study its toxicity and control measures in
establishing safer indoor environment.
………………………………………………….
Dr. Nivedita Kaul
Dr. Nivedita Kaul holds B.E. (Civil Engg.)
and M. E. (Environmental Engg. ) degrees.
She completed her doctoral degree from
MNIT Jaipur. The broad area of her doctoral
thesis is Indoor air quality. She has about
20 years of teaching and research
experience after joining MNIT as a lecturer
of Civil Engineering in 1999. She has a
profound interest in issues related to
environment. She has about 50 publications
to her credit including about 15 publications
in International Journals of repute. She has
guided about 20 Masters’ theses and has
taken up several research/consultation
projects. She is supervising 3 candidates for
Ph.D. currently. She has delivered key note
addresses, guest lectures and invited talks
at International/national conferences and
institutions.
………………………………………………….
Effects of cooling practices on
concentration of pollutants in an urban
microenvironment
Nivedita Kaul 1 * 1 MNIT Jaipur
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Exposure of pollutants emitted during LPG
based cooking can be regarded as one of
the most important environmental and
public health concerns in developing
countries like India. Although considered
cleaner as compared to biomass fuel LPG
emits significant amount of fine particles,
NOx , CO and various organic compounds
in the indoor air. Moreover an occupant
worker is exposed not only to emissions
from LPG combustion but he/she can be
exposed to alarming concentration of
inhalable vapours and aerosols emitted
during roasting and frying activities in a
kitchen. Prolonged frying (as in a hostel
kitchen or during festivals in domestic
kitchen) significantly elevate the
concentration of fine particles and NOx in
the kitchen. The International Agency for
Research on cancer has classified
emissions from high temperature frying as
probably carcinogenic to humans. The 60
minute maximum moving average for PM1
and PM2.5 for hostel kitchens during frying
activity has been reported as high
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as 890 µg/m3 and 1119 µg/m3 respectively.
This implies that the workers have to inhale
substantially high concentration of toxic fine
particles for a long time. The value of 24
hour average concentration of PM in indoor
environment over a period of seven days,
significantly exceed permissible limits
prescribed in standards for even ambient
air. Concentration of NOx in the indoor air
primarily depends on the quantity of fuel
burnt (duration of stove used). Average one
hour concentration of NO2 in hostel kitchens
has been reported to exceed WHO
guidelines for indoor air quality significantly.
Long-time exposure to cooking generated
pollutants results in exacerbation of
respiratory ailments by reduction in lung
function parameters and other physiological
parameters. It is imperative to adopts better
Cooking practices and innovative
technologies to minimize emission and
accumulation of vapours and aerosols in the
indoor air. It is important to install efficient
ventilation devices and train the workers to
use them effectively so as to minimize build-
up of undesirable pollutants.
………………………………………………….
Personal Exposure Measurements of
PM2.5 in Children and Adults Living in
Different Microenvironments
Dr. David Daneesh Massey1, Dr. Mahima
Habil2, Prof. Ajay Taneja3
1School of Chemical Sciences, Department of
Chemistry, St John's College, Agra 282002,
India 2Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
University, Agra 282002, India
The high levels of indoor particulate matter
in developing countries and the apparent
scale of its impact on the global burden of
disease underline the importance of
particulate as an environmental health risk
and the consequent need for monitoring
them particularly in different indoor
microenvironments. Human exposure
especially to fine particles can have
significant harmful effects on the respiratory
and cardiovascular system. To investigate
daily exposure characteristics to fine
particles (PM2.5) with ambient
concentrations in an urban environment, a
personal exposure measurements were
conducted for children and adults at
different microenvironments (i.e, homes,
schools and offices) in the city of Agra. In
order to account for PM25 exposure and
measurements personal environment
monitors (PEM) and APM 550 were used to
measure PM2.5 concentration. On
comparing the annual average PM25
concentration with National Ambient Air
Quality and WHO standards the
concentrations were found to be 3-4 times
and 10.9-13.8 times higher for personal and
ambient monitoring at homes, schools and
offices. Moreover, the study elucidates the
fact that the health hazards for occupants
poses greater risk in different indoor
environments. The research findings
provide insight into possible sources and
their interaction with human activities in
modifying the human exposure levels.
………………………………………………….
Hospital Indoor Air Quality in respect to
transmission of infection
Prabir Kumar Sen1
1Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henry
Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a significant issue
in health care facility. Airborne organisms,
common in the hospital environment, can
pose serious threats to patients, immune-
suppressed/ immune-deficient patients in
particular. Hospital workers and visitors are
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also at risk. Though many of the infections
in hospital are transmitted through hand
contact, surgical appliances, catheterization,
intubation, or while putting on ventilation, it
is an accepted fact that most of the
opportunistic pathogens causing hospital
acquired infections (HAI) are at least partly
airborne. They may be non-respiratory, but
they get partly airborne before settling on
the wound, or medical equipment/
appliances.
Setting in proper IAQ parameters, like
temperature, humidity, dilution, filtration,
pressurization, properly locating supply and
return air terminal units, supported by
planned installation, operation and
maintenance through a robust protocol, not
only provides patient comfort, it also
reduces growth, count and transportability
of infectious pathogens in hospital
environment.
Various codes and standards of ASHRAE,
WHO, NBC, FGI give good guidance in
regard to maintaining IAQ in hospitals. But,
a snapshot of healthcare industry shows
that many hospitals are not following all the
guidelines. Advanced infection control
measures, like ultraviolet germicidal
irradiation and photo catalytic oxidation is
being used. But, they are not being located
properly. Even IAQ is not being mentioned
as an important parameter in the infection
control manuals of hospitals. This is causing
large number of hospital acquired infection
and associated deaths. All stake holders
take the infection as an accepted fate.
Emphasis is limited on curing a patient with
HAI, instead of stopping it from happening.
Formation of a regulatory body for
monitoring and regulating HVAC and IAQ
standards in healthcare system may help.
Assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality and impacts on occupants: case study of MNIT Jaipur
Nivedita Kaul1, Sumit Khandelwal2, AB Gupta1
Dept. of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National
Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Recent studies provide substantial evidence
that there is an association between Indoor
Environmental Quality (IEQ) and students’
performance. Temperature, humidity,
lighting quality, odour, ventilation, acoustic
conditions, furniture/space layout define
environment quality inside the building i.e.
IEQ, which plays a crucial role in creating
an environment that supports optimal
educational and health outcomes.
While other variables, such as
socioeconomic factors, diet, special
educational needs and pedagogy, affect
health and educational outcomes, the
present study evaluates the strength and
consistency of current evidence that indoor
pollutants, ventilation, and thermal
conditions may influence students’
performance or attendance. Additionally,
this study briefly presents evidence that
classroom exposure may have health and
comfort implications on occupants, which
may impair performance indirectly. The
influence of IEQ on the students/occupants
in different teaching (lecture/tutorial halls,
laboratories, faculty cabins) and non-
teaching (offices) microenvironments at
eleven different locations in MNIT Jaipur
have been analyzed. Preferable conditions
of IEQ such as thermal comfort, absence of
indoor air pollutants, ventilation rate,
acoustic quality, freedom from malodor,
lighting quality have been assessed through
quantitative and qualitative analysis and
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results obtained have been compared with
established guidelines.
Most locations do not meet the guidelines
for thermal comfort in summers and
perceived thermal comfort is higher in
winters than in summers. Few air-
conditioned rooms have a very high
concentration of Carbon Dioxide (2000
ppm). Teacher audibility problem due to
high background noise is reported in some
classrooms. Some occupants have asserted
that poor cleanliness of rooms, dust on
desks, odour from washrooms makes them
uncomfortable and affects their attention
and performance in class.
Interventions are required to alleviate the
impacts of compromised IEQ in educational
institutes so that the money invested in
designing, operation, and maintenance of
the building results in decreased health
complaints and increased productivity.
…………………………………………………
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ORAL PRESENTATION:
Session 7 : IAQ Exposure and
Health
Dr. Naresh Gupta
Dr. Naresh Gupta, alumnus of AIIMS New
Delhi, currently Director-Professor, Maulana
Azad Medical College, New Delhi has over
35 years’ experience in clinical care,
medical teaching, training, evaluation, and
research including dozens of doctoral
theses, in government institutions. He has
years of administrative experience in
managing as Head of Department of
Internal Medicine and the Haemophilia
Centre, and on the committees related to
hospital functioning, academic bodies
including recruitments, ethical and policy
issues. He has been an advisor to several
prestigious national and international
bodies. His outstanding achievements
include establishing new institutional
facilities- first, haematology &molecular
laboratory as assistant professor, and
subsequently a Haemophilia Centre as
professor. He is the FounderPresident of
Health Environment Foundation.
Bio-Aerosols In Indoor Air
Naresh Gupta1 1Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi
Recent times have witnessed an explosion
in fields of air pollution, more so in the
developing world countries. Its constituents-
Bio-aerosols - are attracting recognition for
health impacts, and technological progress
in their identification, analysis, and
monitoring. Bio-aerosols (biological +
aerosols) arise from the microbes or their
metabolic/ toxic products in the particulate
matter in air. These may be bacteria,
viruses, fungi or its spores/ fragments/
mycotoxins, other microbial endotoxins,
plant pollens, or those emanating from the
house pests or pets. House dust is
admixture of all these. It is likely that these
bioaerosols have significant interactions in
humans, who themselves are balanced
reservoirs of microbiome. There is high
likelihood of pathogenic bio-aerosols
thriving in indoor environments. Bio-
aerosols particles, with primary microbes
suspended as single cell or as aggregates,
commonly range 1-100 um in diameter. The
air quality parameters, PM2.5 to PM10,
capture most of these in indoor air, with
viruses belonging to the smallest followed
by bacteria, respectively ranging 0.1- 3.0
um and 1.0- 5.0 um in diameter. The fungi
with larger size, 1.5 to 100 um, tend to
sediment and unlikely to penetrate through
the alveoli. The bio-particles behave
differently compared to physical particles,
and have more complex behaviour,
influenced by the temperature, humidity,
human occupancy and activities and
servicing within the building structures.
Other non-viable constituents in bioaerosols
can also be pathogenic. Bio-aerosol
concentrations are highest inside the
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hospitals and other institutions working with
biological materials. As such, the indoor bio-
aerosols are widely diverse in constitution
and distribution. There are issues and
challenges in sampling the indoor air for
studying bio-aerosols. Appropriate sampling
methods are not well defined as yet, and a
wide range of sampling techniques have
been adopted from the methods developed
for general purposes such as impingers,
cyclones, impactors, filters, spore traps,
electrostatic precipitation, thermal
precipitators, condensation traps,
gravitational samplers etc. Timing and
duration of sampling is crucial.
The analytical techniques are equally
diverse, ranging across simple microscopy,
culturebased, quantitative PCR, high-
throughput DNA sequencing, metagenomic
DNA sequencing, endotoxin assay, beta
glucans, ergosterol, 3-hydroxy fatty acids,
N-acetyl hexosaminidase, muramic acid,
fluorescence of airborne particles,
quantitative RT-PCR. Some assays identify
viable organism, others the non-viable
products or metabolites. The mere
identification of a microbe is does not imply
its pathogenic nature, with possibility of tem
being beneficial. Indoor bio-aerosols have
role in causing infections, inflammations,
allergies, and even caners in human beings.
The diseases attributed to bio-aerosols may
transmit via person-toperson or direct
contact (such as Varicella zoster,
Rhinovirus, Influenza A, Measles,
Norovirus, Bordtella pertussis,
Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Staphylococcus aureus), or via mould-
contaminated buildings (like Aspergillus
fumigatus/ versicolor, Penicillium species,
Stachybotrys chartarum, Trichoderma
species), or via animal handlers &
veterinarians (e.g. Bacillus anthracis), or
from infected rodents (Francisella
tularensis), or the infected fleas (Yersinia
pestis), or via the aerosols from water
sprays (e.g. Legionella pneumophila. A
recent meta-analysis on bio-aerosols in
hospital environment reported identifying 56
bacterial species (23 Gram negative and 32
Gram positive, 1 mycobacteria), 45 fungal
genera and 10 viral species. Whereas the
identified viruses originated from the human
respiratory tract, the bacteria originated
most often from human skin or gut, the
environment or water. Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, the single leading cause
worldwide of deaths from infections, is also
linked to the bio-aerosols, be it the crowded
indoors or the closed cabins on longhaul
flights. Healthcare workers are at greater
risk, and with five-fold increased risk for
MDR tuberculosis. The International
Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH)
issued Statement on Preventing TB among
Health Workers April 28, 2018 to ‘Prevent
TB among Health Workers through
Strengthening Occupational Safety and
Health Systems and Services’. Non-viable
lipopolysaccharides endotoxins in bio-
aerosols are potent pyrogens and
considered one of the main factors
contributing to occupational lung diseases
and to organic dust toxic syndrome. Fungi
are pathogenic in many ways (e.g.
Aspergillus), the mycotoxins gain entry via
the intestinal lining, airways or skin. Bio-
aerosol terrorism is a matter of public
concern. The precautionary approach in
prevention is the right strategy to mitigate
adverse health impacts of bio-aerosols.
Prima facie, limit the sources and growth of
indoor bio-aerosols. The indoor bio-aerosols
tend to parallel outdoor bio-aerosols
quantitatively albeit at lower absolute
concentrations and with still lower fungal
loads. As for the human source, the
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aerosols get generated during talking,
breathing, coughing or sneezing, resulting in
bioaerosol counts of several thousand from
any single episode. Other sources may be
related to the heating, ventilation, air
conditioning (HVAC) systems, humidifiers,
ceiling tiles, damp ceiling panels, and walls
water-damaged carpets, floor sweeping,
washing, flushing toilet, shower heads and
instruments cooled with tap water,
laboratories and appliances. Preventive
maintenance and personal protective
devices have role in ameliorating the
adverse impacts of bio-aerosols.
Undoubtedly the indoor bio-aerosols have
important effects on humans. Indoor
bioaerosols have dynamic and complex
constituents, making them difficult to study.
Understanding them would require
concerted multi-disciplinary approach
engaging experts, inter alia, from
microbiology, immunology, biochemistry,
medical science, epidemiology, air pollution,
physics, nanotechnologies, mechanical and
civil engineering.
………………………………………………….
Dr. Ravindra Khaiwal
Dr. Ravindra Khaiwal is currently working as
‘Additional Professor of Environment Health’
at School of Public Health (SPH), PGIMER,
Chandigarh afterworking around five years
as ‘Scientist’ in ‘Centre for Atmospheric and
Instrumentation Research (CAIR)’,
University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
He also had the visiting professor positions
at University of Antwerp, Belgium and
University of Padova, Italy. Ravindra has an
outstanding academic record and obtained
a Doctor of Science (DSc) degree from
University of Antwerp, Belgium. He has
authored more than 80 articles including
original research papers, reviews and book
chapters. Some of his articles are listed as
highly cited by ‘ISI Web of Science’.
He wrote/edited 6 books in the field of
‘Environmental Sciences’. He has guided 4
PhD students including one DM and one
MD. Currently he is supervising four PhD
students. Ravindra has received several
awards and scholarships in the field of
‘Environmental Science and Engineering’.
He has won an ‘Environmentalist of the
Year 2007: Around the Globe’ award by the
National Environmental Science Academy
(NESA), India and was the finalist of
‘Elsevier NASI-SCOPUS 2014’ Young
Scientist Award. His research interests
involve monitoring of pollutants, chemical
composition and source characterization,
health risks assessment and mitigation
policies for persistent and emerging
pollutants; including global climate change
and environmental impact assessment. He
has already worked on several international
projects such as InterREG, EXPER/PF,
ENVIRISK, CAIR4HEALTH, HENVINET,
MEGAPOLI and TRANSPHORM.
Currently he is working as associated
partner on (EU) projects and jointly acquired
funding of over $ 640 thousands to the
School of Public Health. Dr. Ravindra is
serving variousinternational journal and
grant commission as a referee and is also a
member of editorial board of International
Journal of Environment and Waste
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Management, Air, Soil and Water Research,
Forum Geographic, Journal of
Environmental Biology (IF:0.56), Aerosol
and Air Quality Research(IF:2.0), and
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
(IF:1.6).
………………………………………………….
Indoor Air Pollution and Exposure
Assessment
Khaiwal Ravindra1 *, Maninder Kaur- Sidhu1 ,
Neha Agarwal1 , and Suman Mor2
1School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute
of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER),
Chandigarh 160012, India
2Department of Environment Studies, Panjab
University, Chandigarh 160014, India
According to The Lancet Commission on
pollution and health, pollution is the largest
environment cause of disease with a
significant contribution from air pollution
(Landrigan et al., 2018). Nearly 92%
pollution related deaths occur in lower- and-
middle income countries. Women and
children who spend considerable amount of
time in indoor environment have the highest
health risks from indoor air pollutants and it
also affects thermal comfort. In the current
study, rural household kitchens in Punjab
were identified on the basis of kitchen type,
location in the house, fuel type and stove
type to monitor the indoor pollution. Real-
time monitoring of PM2.5, carbon monoxide
(CO) concentrations, relative humidity
(%RH) and temperature (T) was performed
for 24 h at 10 s intervals as detailed in Kaur
Sidhu et al., 2017. Majority of the
households used solid biomass fuel (SBF)
for cooking and comparatively higher
consumption of SBF was observed during
winter than in summer season. Fuel
consumption pattern was found to be
associated with socio-economic and cultural
factors (Ravindra et al., 2019).
PM2.5concentration for 10s of recorded data
amongst different kitchen types ranged from
52- 26,000μg/m3 with the highest 24 hour
mean concentration observed in indoor
kitchen with no partition and having lowest
in outdoor enclosed kitchen. The CO
concentrations for 10 s time interval varied
from 0.3–220ppm. For 24 h mean, the
highest concentration for CO was observed
in kitchen having no partition and lowest in
Outdoor open air kitchen. It was also
observed that levels of CO reduce to
background concentrations in 1.5 - 2.5 h
after cooking activity, depending on the
ventilation conditions. SBF users had
highest exposure index and PM2.5 -related
hazard quotient for cooking hours. The
current work emphasizes the need to
replace SBF with clean fuels to reduce the
disease burden (Ravindra.,2019) and for
overall betterment of the women and
children.
…………………………………………………..
Indoor Exposures to Particulate Matter in
Classrooms and Laboratories of a
University Building
Abinaya S" George K Varghese2' M K Ravi
Varma3
1Research Scholar, Department of Civil
Engineering, National Institute of Technology
Calicut, Kerala 2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil
Engineering, National Institute of Technology
Calicut, Kerala 3Professor, Department of Physics, National
Institute Of Technology Calicut, Kerala
In India, around 1.5 million deaths occur
every year due to indoor air pollution. The
most common indoor pollutants include
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asbestos, biological pollutants, carbon
monoxide, formaldehyde, lead, nitrogen-
dioxide, pesticides, radon, Indoor
Particulate Matter (IPM), second-hand
smoke and volatile organic compounds.
Inthis study, the concentration of IPM io.
IPM2.5 and IPM i was measured using
Laser Aerosol Spectrometer(Grimm
MiniLAS 11-R) in the major laboratories and
classrooms of the Department of Civil
Engineering at National Institute of
Technology Calicut, India. The sampling
was carried out in three trials during working
days at indefinite intervals and found that
the highest level of particulate matter IPM
io& IPM2.5 was found in the concrete
laboratory, where the major source for dust
particles could be cement. The highest level
of PM was found in the dumping yard within
the structural engineering block. The IPM 10
and IPM 2.5 levels in almost all the
laboratories exceeded the permissible value
as prescribed by WHO. The faculty and
research scholar’s cabin within the
laboratory space is highly prone to
particulate matter pollution.
………………………………………………………..
Indoor Air Quality Exposure and Health
Assessment
Ashok Kumar Das1
1M/S Attitude Engineering Trading Company
10A/1, Gobindapur Road, Lake Gardens,
Kolkata, West Bengal
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) plays an important
role on the health of the occupant, affecting
productivity and GDP of any country as a
whole. Hence it is necessary to assess the
impact of IAQ on health. The purpose of this
presentation is giving an idea of the ways to
handle the health-related issues of IAQ for
developing a guideline to handle IAQ
related health assessment. The
methodology proposed for development of
such guidelines is first the detailed study of
various international IAQ guidelines &
standards. Secondly, thorough analysis of
research work done in various countries on
the effect of IAQ on health is to be done.
Finally, on the basis of inputs from aforesaid
sources, a model is to be developed for a
country to suit the aspirations as deemed
fit.IAQ guideline & standard which have
been used for study purpose are WHO
guideline of IAQ and ASHRAE standard
62.1-2010 (Ventilation) 55-2010 (Thermal
Environmental Conditions). Analysis has
been done on research work by some
countries like USA, Canada, Ireland, India &
Australia and organizations like WHO &
Harvard and Syracuse Universities, on the
effect of IAQ on health.
On the basis of study of above data, a
model has been proposed to deal with “IAQ
exposure and health assessment” so that
awareness can be created among all
concerned to feel the importance of IAQ and
to create a healthy indoor air quality for the
occupants as well as for economic
prosperity of a country.
…………………………………………………
Estimation of Indoor bioaerosols and
Occurrence of SBS Symptoms within
Office Premises in Delhi
Arun Kumar Yadav, Palak Balyan,Sonal Gaur
and Dr Chirashree Ghosh
Department of environmental studies, University
of Delhi, Delhi, India
Bio aerosols play a significant role in indoor
air pollution as they can be pathogenic or
cause an allergic reaction following
inhalation. Bio aerosol concentrations in
office environments and their roles in
causing building-related symptoms have
drawn much attention in recent years (Lu et.
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a1., 2015).The concentrations of
bioaerosols (as a marker of SBS) were
monitored by open plate method
(Gravimetric method) in indoor and outdoor
environment of two office rooms (Office I &
II) of similar size and activities but having
different footfalls per day (footfalls in Office
I=320 person/day and Office II=180
person/day) within an university campus.
We have conducted bioaerosol sampling for
1 year (August 2017 to July 2018) thrice in a
month and also recorded onsite relative
humidity and temperature. We had also
surveyed staff members using formulated
questionnaire in respective offices to
understand more on exposure based
building related illnesses.The highest
concentrations of indoor bioaerosols were
observed in post monsoon season (330
30.77 CFU/plate) and least in summer
season (270 + 19.48 CFU/plate). High
bioaerosol counts was reported in office I
(296 15.94 CFU/plate) compared to office II
(205 24.86 CFU/plate). In office I, staff
reported more complaint (26.66 Ono) on
health issues compared to office II (20 %).
Most commons symptoms were eye
infection, upper respiratory illness and eye
dryness.The seasonal differences in terms
of total bioaerosols counts were distinct in
outdoor sites compare to indoor sites. The
results indicate that office I showed high
bioaerosols count compared to office II
might be due to high footfall (average 320
Person per day) with the corresponding rise
in human movement at the site. Interestingly
office I reported more SBS symptoms
compare to office II, which somewhere
establish the relation of indoor environment
responsible for SBS.
…………………………………………………..
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ORAL PRESENTATION:
Session 8: IAQ Monitoring &
Modeling
Dr. Pratim Biswas
Pratim Biswas, the Lucy and Stanley Lopata
Professor is the Chairman of the
Department of Energy, Environmental &
Chemical Engineering at Washington
University in St. Louis. Prof. Biswas
obtained his B. Tech degree from IIT
Bombay, M.S from University of California
and Ph. D from California Institute of
Technology, USA.
His areas of research and teaching interests
are in Environmentally Benign Energy
Production, Aerosol Science and
Technology, Nanoparticle Technology;
Energy and Environmental Nanotechnology.
He has won several Teaching and
Research Awards, selected ones include
the 2018 Fuchs Award given for outstanding
contributions in the field of Aerosol Science
and Technology to an internationally
renowned scientist, 2016 Harry White
Award for pioneering work in Electrostatic
Precipitation, 2015 Lawrence Cecil Award
from the American Institute of Chemical
Engineers (AIChE), 2013 David Sinclair
Award given for outstanding contributions
by an established scientist by the American
Association for Aerosol Research. He has
more than 375 refereed journal publications
and has graduated 51 PhD students. He is
the holder of 8 Patents, and his innovations
have led to spinning up of two start-ups, one
in the area of indoor air cleaning
technologies.
…………………………………………………
Low-cost Sensors and a Novel Particle
Control Technology for Indoor Air
Quality Improvement
Jiayu Li1, Tandeep Chadha2, Jiaxi Fang2,
Pratim Biswas1,2
1Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis 2Applied Particle Technology 4320 Forest Parkway, Suite 320 St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
Compact low-cost sensors for measuring
particulate matter (PM) concentrations are
receiving significant attention as they can be
used in larger numbers and in a distributed
manner. Wang et al. (2015)1 compared
three types of popular low-cost PM sensor
from Sharp, Shenyei, and Samyoung and
summarized advantages and disadvantages
of each sensor. To ensure accurate and
reliable representation of PM mass
concentrations, we calibrated the Sharp
sensor with an optical method to study
signal’s dependence on composition and
size distribution. The results indicate that
repeated calibration is needed for low-cost
sensors2. In addition to laboratory studies,
a networked low-cost PM sensor system
was applied in field measurements. They
were deployed in households in Raipur,
India to establish the spatiotemporal
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variation of PM concentrations3. From
another study, in a woodworking shop, data
collected by the networked sensor system
was utilized to construct spatiotemporal PM
concentration distributions using an ordinary
Kriging method and an Artificial Neural
Network model to elucidate particle
generation and ventilation processes4.
Finally, novel air cleaning technologies have
been developed for high efficiency particle
removal5,6.
This presentation will describe the use of
these miniaturized sensors in indoor air
quality monitoring. Further, a novel air
cleaning technology based on an
electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
methodology enhanced with photoionization
will be described. The technology is far
more energy efficient than conventional
HEPA filter based methodologies. This
technology not only overcomes the lower
efficiency of ESPs in certain size ranges,
but also suppresses any ozone formation.
Results of the study to capture fine particles
and various bioaerosols such as bacteria
and viruses will be presented.
……………………………………………….
Dr. Tarun Gupta
Tarun Gupta is doctorate from Harvard
University & MTech from IIT Bombay. He
has authored more than120 ISI indexed
journal publications, 8 book chapters, 4
patents, reviewer of more than 36 journals.
He has guided 6 PhD and 34M.Tech.
theses. A submicron aerosol sampler
designed, developed and evaluated by him
at IIT Kanpur has been commercialized by
Envirotech (Delhi). He has developed a high
volume fine PM sampler and transferred
technology to BARC. He is currently P K
Kelkar research fellow and selected
member of INYAS and INAE Associate. He
has recently won INAE Innovator and
Entrepreneur Award (2018), NASI-SCOPUS
Award (2015), INSA Medal for Young
Scientist (2011), INAE Young Engineer
Award (2009) and IEI Young Engineer
Award (2008).
…………………………………………………
Investigating indoor air pollutant
sources within a residential academic
campus using PMF
Tarun Gupta
Professor, IIT Kanpur
Aerosol sampling was carried out to collect
bioaerosols as well as PM0.6 at several
indoor sites within IIT Kanpur campus.
Gram negative, gram positive and fungal
colony forming units were quantified in the
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air sampled from various indoor
microenvironments round the year. Eight
elements namely Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni
and Pb were quantified using Inductively
Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission
Spectrometer (ICP-OES). Seasonal
variation as well as human-activity related
differences in both PM and bioaerosol
concentrations were observed within the
sampled microenvironments. Source
apportionment for the indoor air pollutants
was achieved using Positive Matrix
Factorization (PMF). PMF results gave
source profile and source contributions of
indoor air pollution. The analysis shows that
five sources were responsible for the indoor
pollution. The sources were independent of
each other and there was no correlation
between them. The source contribution
showed variations with time. The five
sources identified for indoor pollution were
coal combustion (21.8%), tobacco smoking
(9.8%), wall dust (25.7%), soil particles
(17.5%) and wooden furniture/paper
products (25.2%).
…………………………………………………
Using big data from air quality monitors
to evaluate indoor PM2.5 exposure in
buildings: Case study in Beijing
Liam BatesZhaoMin Dong1
1School of Space and Environment, Beihang
University, Beijing, China
Due to time- and expense- consuming of
conventional indoor PM2.5 (particulate
matter with aerodynamic diameter of less
than 2.5pm) sampling, the sample size in
previous studies was generally small, which
leaded to high heterogeneity in indoor
PM2.5 exposure assessment. Based on
4403 indoor air monitors in Beijing, this
study evaluated indoor PM2.5 exposure
from 15th March 2016 to 14th March 2017.
Indoor PM2.5 concentration in Beijing was
estimated to be 38.6±18.4pg/m3.
Specifically, the concentration in non-
heating season was 34.9±15.8pg/m3, which
was 24% lower than that in heating season
(46.1±21.2)pg/m3). A significant correlation
between indoor and ambient PM2.5
(p<0.05) was evident with an infiltration
factor of 0.21, and the ambient PM2.5
contributed approximately 52% and 42% to
indoor PM2.5 for non-heating and heating
seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean
indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio was estimated to
be 0.73±0.54. Finally, the adjusted PM2.5
exposure level integrating the indoor and
outdoor impact was calculated to be
46.8±27.4)pg/m3, which was approximately
42% lower than estimation only relied on
ambient PM2.5 concentration. This study is
the first attempt to employ big data from
commercial air monitors to evaluate indoor
PM2.5 exposure and risk in Beijing, which
may be instrumental to indoor PM2.5
pollution control.
…………………………………………………..
Quantification of Particles Emitted in
Smoke Generated from Burning a
Popular Incense in an Experimental
Chamber
Radhika Mundra1' Anubha Goel1 Deepshikha2
1Dept. of Civil Eng, Indian Institute of
Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Center for Environmental Science and Eng,
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar
Pradesh, India
In a country like India with strong religious
beliefs and practices, burning incenses is a
quotidian practice inside households and
shrines. Smoke released from burning of
these incenses is found to contain large
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number of particles and chemicals making it
a prominent source of indoor air pollution.
This study analyses the smoke and ash
particles emitted from a popular incense
brand in India, in an experimental chamber.
EF (Emission Factor) for PM3.2 generated
from burning the incense is found to be
12.5+4.2mg/g of incense material which is
either in the same range or higher than
some of the incenses from Japan, Taiwan
and Thailand. The EF of the incense smoke
is higher than the EF of biomasses like
sugarcane, rice straw and fuelwood (Amaral
et a1., 2016). The study reveals that 60-
70% of the PM3.2 mass collected consists
of particles less than 1um in size (PMI). The
maximum particle number count emitted
from the incense exceeds 107 which is
higher than the number count reported in
Italian study by four orders of magnitude.
The composition of water soluble ions and
particle bound metals in the smoke is similar
to the incenses reported worldwide. Toxic
elements like iron, zinc and lead are also
detected which can substantially affect
health with regular exposure. Studies have
revealed the adverse effects associated
with incense smoke like delayed gross
motor development and increasing
inflammatory response. This is the first
study in India focusing on the emissions
released from incense burning alone,
without any external interference or dilution,
in an experimental chamber. More
comprehensive chemical analysis of the
incense smoke and relevant health risk
exposure is highly recommended.
…………………………………………………
Association between Carbon Dioxide
levels inside Classrooms and
Concentration Performance of Students:
Evidences from Private Schools of Delhi
Pratima Singh, Renu Arora, Radha Goyal and
Rashid Wakil
Department of Resource Management, Institute
of Home Economics, University of Delhi, DelhI,
India
A growing body of research is found to
support improved occupant performance as
a result of improving the quality of the
indoor environment in classrooms Research
studies have also provided strong
evidences linking low ventilation rates inside
the classrooms with increased carbon
dioxide (CO2) concentrations and reduced
student performance. CO2 concentrations
act as an important indicator of indoor air
quality inside educational premises. CO2
concentration above 1,000 ppm inside a
building is an indicative of insufficient
ventilation which may cause health
complaints in the occupants and may
directly or indirectly impair concentration
and performance of students. Realizing the
need for research in this area, an attempt
has been made to investigate the
relationship between classroom ventilation
and Concentration Performance (CP) of
school children.
In this paper, the classroom ventilation was
evaluated through the concentrations of
CO2 inside air- conditioned (AC) and
naturally ventilated (NV) urban private
school buildings located in Delhi. The
monitoring of CO2 was carried out in two
seasons i.e. non-winter and winter season.
The CP scores of a total of 738 students in
the age group of 13 to 15 years were
assessed through a standardized test i.e. d2
test for speed and accuracy.
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The results from the present study indicated
the evident problem of elevated
concentrations of CO2, only inside the AC
classrooms often exceeding the ASHRAE’s
recommended limit of 1000 ppm. The
results from d2 test reflected that mean CP
score of students of NV schools was higher
than that of students of AC schools. The
results further suggested that CO2
significantly affected the concentration
performance of students in both winter as
well as non-winter season (p value < 0.05).
These results pointed that higher CO2
concentrations inside a classroom can
adversely impact the concentration
performance of students.
……………………………………………………
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ORAL PRESENTATION:
Session 9: Acoustic & Thermal
Comforts
Mr. K.K. Mitra
Mr. K.K. Mitra is a Science Graduate with
Post Graduation and Master in Business
Administration. Has 30+ years’ experience
in the field of Thermal Insulation, Active &
Passive Fire Proofing and working as Sr.
Vice President in Lloyd Insulations (India)
Limited. Member of ASHRAE & ISHRAE
and Past President of Ashrae India Chapter.
Presently Chair CTTC of Ashrae India
Chapter. Has been member of the Core
Committee of Experts for drafting Energy
Conservation Building Code of India 2007
and presently member of various
committees of Thermal Insulation at Bureau
of Indian Standards, Govt. of India. Is a
member of technical committee for
standardization of Cold Store specifications
by National Horticulture Board / National
Centre for Cold Chain Development, Govt.
of India and Acoustical Society of India.
Widely visited Europe, Japan, China, USA,
Middle East & Far East countries. Has
participated in various National
&International level seminars & presented
papers. Last year presented paper on
Building Insulation during Ashrae Winter
Conference at Las Vegas. Had attended
Cold Storage training program at Paris
organized by NCCD and Insulation Training
program at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,
Naetsu Japan. Also visits Educational
Institutes / Colleges regularly to deliver
lectures on Thermal Insulation System for
Green and Energy Efficient Buildings.
………………………………………………....
Acoustical Barrier for Highways, Railway
Tracks &Buildings
K.K. Mitra1 1Sr. Vice President, Lloyd Insulations (India)
Limited
Acoustics is the science of study of SOUND
- itsgeneration, propagation and finally its
receipt by a listener. Unwanted sound is
defined as NOISE. Noise is a result of
activities such as loud talking, operation of
machinery or vehicles in the neighborhood.
In today`s world, noise has assumed an
important area of study since it affects our
way of life, our health and our psychology.
Noise protection has become a big
challenge to human beings. The noise
generated from vehicular traffic and railways
create a major pandemonium to the
surroundings. Buildings located next to
highways and even next to heavy traffic
roads in the cities face a lot of noise
pollution inside. This effect of noise
increases tremendously after the evening
hours. The noise generation varies with the
kind and variety of automobiles, for example
Two Wheeler, normal Cars, racing Cars,
buses, trucks etc. This category of sound
generated by the vehicles has become
major problem in the metros. Many building
owners are looking for sound barriers at the
periphery / boundary wall to stop the sound
coming in. Buildings located next to Railway
track are also open to sound pollution due
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to crackling noise coming through the
tracks. Here also the sound effect is felt
more during night. Metro lines are over
ground mostly in cities which also generate
similar noise problem. There is a
requirement for proper design, fabrication &
construction of acoustical barriers, which
can stop noise level by 15-20 dbs. In this
case, the sound generated is at the ground
level and usually the noise propagation is
restricted within a height of 1-2 metre.
Properly designed noise barriers upto a
height of 2 metres can stop the noise
propagation to inside of buildings. These
acoustical barriers are usually of metal
frame or high density plastic with high
density fibrous insulation packed inside to
stop the noise. These panels are placed
over solid boundary wall or over metal
stands. These sound barriers in case of
building when fixed over boundary wall will
be made mechanically stronger to act as
anti theft solid barrier. These panels can
also be designed & colored in such a way
so that trees planted outside will have a
very good aesthetic impact. The sound
barriers installed next to railway tracks will
be of sufficient mechanical strength so as to
withstand various types of abuses. In both
cases acoustical barriers will be water &
dust proof and have an extended life.
…………………………………………………..
Experimental Investigation of ISHRAE’s
IEQ Standard Focusing on
Implementation Aspects through Pilot
Study
Shailendra Kumar, Nikhil Jainand Jyotirmay
Mathur
Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya
National Institute of Technology, Jaipur,
Rajasthan, India
In the year 2016, Indian Society for Heating,
Refrigerating and Air Conditioning
Engineers (ISHRAE) released India’s first
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
standard. A pilot study is conducted to
review the suggested measurement
methodology and threshold values for IEQ
elements in the standard. Measurements
are taken in two buildings having a variety
of spaces such as individual offices, open
plan offices, and classrooms etc. The first
building covers a total area of 1400 square
meters distributed over 3 floors, having 25
rooms, and offer 66 typical measurement
locations. Whereas, the second building
covers a total area of 162 square meters
with only 1 floor, 3 rooms, and 10 66 typical
measurement locations. Observations
spanning a year (June 2017 - May 2018)
revealed that the arithmetic mean value of
thermal comfort parameters including indoor
operative temperature, relative humidity
(RH), air velocity and floor surface
temperature are 28.1 + 3.9 °C, 40 16 %,
0.49 + 0.4 mls and 28.3 + 4.5 °C,
respectively. Indoor air quality (IAQ)
parameters including CO2, PM 2.5, and PM
10 concentrations are 570 165 ppm, 41 +
20 pg/m3 and 104 + 39 pg/m3 respectively.
Lighting comfort parameters including
illuminance, circadian lighting design,
uniformity of illuminance and ratio of
illuminance of task area to immediately
adjacent surroundings are 311 + 138 Lux,
326 + 145 EML, 0.93 + 0.05 and 1.02 +
0.16, respectively. Majority of the IEQ
parameters in both the buildings are found
to be meeting the minimum threshold. As
suggested in IEQ standard, occupant
satisfaction survey is also conducted and it
is observed that occupant satisfaction for
indoor air quality, thermal and lighting
comfort are 82%, 80%, and 88%,
respectively. Detailed results of pilot study,
including monthly variations of measured
value are presented in the paper.
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Biophilic Design- Connecting with
Nature to improve Health and Well-being
Reema Nagpal1
1Sustainability Solutions Group, AECOM,
Haryana, India
E.O. Wilson, Harvard University socio-
biologist and conservationist, popularized
the word Biophilia, which he defines as "the
urge to affiliate with other forms of life". As
occupants of buildings we are drawn to
spaces that interact with nature. But In the
recent years, due to rapid urbanization,
most Indian cities have rapidly lost their
green cover. Mumbai for instance has a
meagre 0.12 m2 (FAO, 1998) of green
space per capita, as compared to the UN
recommended standard of 9 m2 of green
space per capita. Because of this we are
often left with spaces that do not give us the
choice to interact with nature, spaces that
have no fresh air, or views of anything other
than large concrete buildings. Hence, it is
becoming increasingly important for the
designers to consciously create built
environment that nurtures us. This paper
presents several empirical case studies to
conclude that adding elements of nature to
living and working spaces increases
performance, healing, satisfaction,
productivity, and helps in lowering stress
levels. Case studies to show how biophilic
design can be applied in the design through
real-W'or/d examp/es are also discussed.
Rapid urbanization in Indian cities is also a
major cause of outdoor and indoor air
pollution in the cities, which contributes to
about millions of deaths each year. We
inhale approximately 14400 litres of every
year, so it is important that this air is as
clean as the food we eat and the water we
drink. The paper discusses and evaluates
how indoor plants provide a natural and
highly effective way of removing toxic
agents such as benzene, formaldehyde and
trichloroethylene from the air, helping
neutralize the effects of sick building
syndrome.
…………………………………………………..
The Oxygen Problem
Arup Majumdar
Bonphul Air Products, Gurugram,
We control the air in our immediate
surrounding by keeping all door s and
widows close-Essentially creating an air
bubble in our indoor space. The quality of
this indoor air is measured by indoor air
quality index. The indoor air at most of our
homes is then treated with the help of air
purifier to minimize the PM concentration.
Ideally air should have 21% oxygen; This is
the air we breathe in the mountains.
Unfortunately the oxygen levels in our cities
are low and even lower in our homes and
offices. Oxygen deficiency in indoor air is an
indirect result of keeping indoor air tight
because of air =-conditioning and increased
number of people in a closed environment.
Hence the deficiency of oxygen is a
localized problem for developing
geographies which is being catered to by
Bonphul Air Products.
………………………………………………….
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ORAL PRESENTATION:
Session 10: Monitoring &
Modeling
Dr. Chinthala Sumanth
Dr Chinthala Sumanth is currently working
as a faculty in Water and Environment
Division, Department of Civil Engineering at
NIT Warangal. He has completed his
Bachelor’s Degree from KITS Warangal in
2007. He received his both Masters and
Ph.D Degree in the stream of Environmental
Engineering, Department of Civil
Engineering IIT Delhi. He is specialized in
Air Pollution and his doctoral research was
on estimating the dispersion of PM10 in
open pit mines. He has also worked as a
Project Scientist in IIT Delhi with a
European Union Collaborative
ProjectECOSEE, which deals with
developing innovative materials to reduce
indoor Air Pollution. During this research,
Dr.Sumanth has worked with various
universities and Research Organizations in
Europe to simulate the effect of adsorption
and desorption properties of Innovative
materials in Indoor Environments.
Dr.Sumanth has also worked as project
Scientist in a project SENSurAIR which
aims at developing low cost sensors for Air
Pollution Monitoring. Apart from his
research, Dr.Sumanth is one of the trustee
and Board Member for BloodConnect
Foundation, India’s largest student run
Initiative which is working on blood shortage
in the country.
………………………………………………….
Chamber studies for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring and Modeling
Dr.Chinthala Sumanth1
1Water and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Warangal
Evaluating the status of indoor air quality
using scientific techniques has become a
necessity at both urban and rural habitats.
The process generally involves monitoring
of pollutants, investigation of its dispersion
characteristics, formation and destruction of
pollutants, rate of addition and removal from
the sources and sinks respectively.
In order to assess the above, the usage of
sophisticated instruments or low
cost sensors has become a
prerequisite.However, their unavailability
and affordability has a significant effect the
indoor air quality studies at various scales.
To an extent, these studies can be
performed using the Computational Fluid
Dynamics models which can simulate the
pollutant dispersion characteristics based
on predefined numerical solvers. Moreover,
information about the fate and transport of
the pollutant in the real time at the full
scale level remains unexplained.
Chamber studies enable us to supplement
the monitoring studies conducted at full
scale levels along with the monitoring
studies and CFD simulations. The current
paper discusses about the various types of
indoor air quality chambers and their
applications in the investigation of different
air quality parameters. The scaling of
chambers and the factors to be considered
during the design of chambers are briefly
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explained. The paper also presents the
case studies in development of ECO-SEE
wall panels and the ability of the
construction materials to absorb pollutants.
…………………………………………………..
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ORAL PRESENTATION:
Session 11: IAQ Standards &
Control
Ms. Pooja Shukla
Pooja works with GBCI India as Senior
Director-Technical Development. She is
responsible for technical development of
rating systems and for identifying and
managing research that strengthens the
GBCI ratings portfolio especially in the area
of human health and well-being. Pooja
received her Bachelor of Architecture
Degree from the School of Planning and
Architecture in New Delhi and Master of
Science in Renewable Energy and
Architecture from The University of
Nottingham in the UK. Pooja is a LEED AP,
WELL AP, USGBC Faculty and an IGBC
Accredited Professional. Pooja has been
working in the field of sustainable built
environment for over 14 years and has
experience of working on diverse nature of
projects. Her assignments include low
energy building design, technical guidance
to project teams on green building
certification, providing recommendations to
government departments for incorporating
green building features and costs in their
building construction documents, review
and development of policies related to
sustainable buildings. She has successfully
led research projects on various subjects
like financial feasibility assessment of green
buildings, performance monitoring of Energy
Conservation Building Code compliant
buildings in India; overview of the Indian
building sector and analysis of its energy
saving potential. She has developed
educational content and conducted
conferences, workshops and training
programs for a diverse group of
stakeholders on various subjects related to
green buildings.
…………………………………………………..
Indoor Air Quality in Green Building
Certification Systems
Ms. Pooja Shukla1
1Senior Director, Green Business Certification Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh
Green building certification systems have
the capacity to address and enrich several
aspects of human and built environment
interaction, thus enabling an environment
that promotes human health, happiness,
and productivity. This presentation will give
an overview of some of the strategies in
LEED and WELL building standard that
contribute towards maintaining healthy
indoor air quality in buildings.
…………………………………………………..
Intervention Technology as a
Sustainable Solution for IAQ Control in
Centrally Air-Conditioned Buildings
Siddharth Arora1
1Apt Technologies, B-17 Sector 32 Institutional
Area, Gurgaon, Haryana
Poor Indoor air quality inside urban settings,
especially inside mechanically ventilated
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centrally air-conditioned buildings is a major
challenge & much different from naturally
ventilated ones. Due to big awareness
campaign focused around outdoor pollution
in Delhi NCR during every winter season
from last 4 years, people working in
naturally ventilated as well as inside
centrally air-conditioned buildings, enter into
panic. Good thing is that urban masses
have woken up to need for Indoor Air
Quality measures to be taken. But there is
still lot of ambiguity on the magnitude of
problem and the broad spectrum &
sustainable solutions inside centrally air-
conditioned buildings. There has been
resistance on adapting to high efficiency
filters due to fear of permanent increase in
operating cost.
There are two purposes of this research
document. Firstly, to establish with
evidence, the problem of bio-aerosol as an
inherent year round problem & myth around
PM 2.5, being perceived as a primary
problem throughout the year, even in
centrally air-conditioned buildings. Because
any IAQ control solution which focuses on
seasonal challenge (PM 2.5) & ignores the
permanent inherent challenges (bio-aerosol
& VOCs), cannot be considered as
sustainable or long term. Secondly, to
evaluate the effectiveness of indigenously
designed intervention technology over bio-
aerosol & VOCs without any noticeable
increment in power consumption.
As a Research Methodology, series of Air
quality Monitoring was conducted through A
rated monitoring devices by a reputed &
unbiased monitoring agency. In few
buildings the monitoring was conducted just
for audit purpose and at few prominent
locations in Delhi NCR, monitoring was
conducted before installing the intervention
technology & 2-4 weeks after installation of
the intervention technology.
The document concludes that Bio-aerosol is
a major problem, which exists uniformly
higher in all centrally air-conditioned
buildings & areas. On the contrary, the
much hyped PM 2.5 have not come across
as a major problem in centrally air
conditioned buildings, even in Delhi NCR
during non-winter seasons. Secondly, the
indigenously researched & designed
intervention technology by the name of
Adair AHU, have been proven highly
effective against inherent IAQ challenges of
Bio-aerosols & VOCs & has no side effects
or byproducts generated in traceable limits.
…………………………………………………..
Activated Carbon Based Indoor Air
Purifier
Sanjni Mehrotra1
1Chemical Department, Galgotias University,
Uttar Pradesh, India
The requirement for low price air pollution
control systems is on a rise. This is because
of the increase in the particulate matter in
air. The atmospheric particulate matters are
microscopic solid or liquid matter
suspended in air. These have a strong
impact on climate change, vegetation and
on human health. The recent rise in the
popularity of indoor air purifiers has led to
an exponential rise in the cost of air purifiers
available to consumers. This has left the
poor unable to afford clean air. In order to
deal with problems discussed above we
have designed an inexpensive and reliable
air purifier which uses carbon-based
adsorbent to strip the air of volatile organic
compounds, natural and synthetic fibers for
removing visible and invisible particulate
matter. The air purifier has been tested and
found to be suitable for use for 5 to 7 hours.
This air purifier is based on the principle of
adsorption by using activated carbon.
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Activated carbon was used because of is its
high porosity which captures the
contaminants and also it is odor efficient.
Due to its porous structure when certain
impurities pass to the carbon surface it gets
trapped and adsorbed to it by chemical
attraction due to having countless bounding
sites on its surface.
We have proposed a portable, light
weighed, efficient & affordable air purifier to
eradicate this problem by removing
pollutants from indoor air.
…………………………………………………..
Market Trends and Future Potential for
Air Purifiers in India
Arup Kumar
Frost & Sullivan, Gurugram
The presentation will catered to Market Size
and Forecast of Air Purifiers with empahisis
on Key Market Players and its Share, Air
Quality Index in India across Major States
and Emerging Technology Trend.
………………………………………………….
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ORAL PRESENTATION:
Session 12: Case studies on
IAQ
Status of Carbonaceous Aerosol at Indoor Environment of Cafeteria in Delhi, India
Papiya Mandala,, Sri Nagesh Mb, Anubha Mandalb
aCSIR – NEERI, Zonal Centre, Delhi bDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi
The present study investigated the
carbonaceous aerosolwith respect to
organic carbon(OC), elemental carbon (EC)
and total carbon (TC) in particulate matter
(PM10) atindoor environment of cafeteria
located at Netaji Subhash Place, North-
West district of Delhi during 2014-15 winter
seasons. The collections of samples were
carried out during the period of three
months (December 2014 to February 2015).
PM10 samples were collected by APM 800
samplers (Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., India) on
Whatman 37mm micro fiber quartz filter
papers for 2 to 3 hourly basis in the dining
area of food court. The flow rate varied from
2.4 lpm to 3.0 lpm during the period of
collection of samples. Indoor PM10
concentrations varied from 1830 to 3212
µg/m3 with a mean of 2709±334 µg/m3. The
concentration of OC in PM10 varied from 54
to 318 with an average concentration of
158±70 µg/m3. The concentration of EC in
PM10 varied from 11 to 71µg/m3 with an
average concentration of 30±17 µg/m3. The
present study revealed that concentration of
PM10, OC and EC at indoor environment of
cafeteria was influenced by indoor and
outdoor air pollution both, meteorological
parameters and guest count.
Optimizing Building Performance
with Real-Time IEQ Monitoring – A
Case Study Louie Cheng1
1Director of IAQA, China Chapter (Shanghai)
Developers and building owners in top tier
cities today are faced with increasing
challenges. They must compete with other
buildings to attract top tenants by offering
continuously better services, tenant
relations, and often a healthier environment.
Meanwhile, they are also seeking to
improve their building operations while
reducing costs. In Shanghai, Hines, the
developer of a new mixed use commercial
building has deployed a cost-effective
building-wide indoor environmental quality
monitoring system to achieve both goals.
By monitoring indoor air quality, water
quality, and energy usage, the building
management has been able to
simultaneously demonstrate its delivery of a
beautiful and RESET-certified healthy
working space while also optimizing its
operations to save money through on-
demand regulation of air quality and energy
spend. More importantly, this developer
has succeeded in utilizing this system to
both attract more tenants and also improve
the cooperation between tenants and
building management.
…………………………………………………..
Environmental Monitoring of PM2.5 and
CO2 in Indoor Office Spaces of Delhi,
India
Akansha Gupta1, Priyanka Kulshreshtha2,
Radha Goyal4, Ashish Jain5
1, 2, 3&4Indian Pollution Control Association, New
Delhi, India
Delhi ranks highest among the most
polluted city in the world in terms of air
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pollution. Its health impact may include
diseases like asthma, lung cancer, COPD,
increased long-term risk of cardiopulmonary
mortality. Degraded Indoor Air Quality inside
commercial buildings such as offices may
affect the health of the workers and can
indirectly affect their productivity. In the
present study, a profile of indoor air
pollutant (Particulate matter PM2.5) and the
indoor thermal comfort parameter (Carbon
Dioxide CO2) have been assessed in the
selected office premises of Delhi. The study
revealed that the highest concentration of
PM2.5 has been observed in building A1
(116.5+67 µg/m3) among the selected
buildings of Delhi which could be due to the
high proximity from busy roads. Whereas,
the average concentration of CO2 was found
to be predominately high (1600+30.5 ppm)
in building A2 due to the inefficient
ventilation rate. The result of the study
indicates that CO2 and PM2.5 both played an
important role in determining the total
hazard ratio of the building and each
pollutant was recorded to be higher than the
prescribed limit by NAAQS and ASHRAE
standard. The study also emphasized on
the importance of ventilation system in
keeping the level of pollutants in control.
………………………………………………….
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POSTER
PRESENTATION:
………………………………………………….
Study of carbonaceous aerosols in
indoor environment of households in
Baggi Village, Himachal Pradesh
Kopal Verma1' Umesh Kulshrestha1
1 School of Environmental
Sciences,Jawahar1a1Nehru University, Delhi,
India
The hilly areas of India have a major role to
play in determining country’s climatic
conditions, by controlling or providing
protection from various factors such as dust
storms, wind, etc. The residents in hilly
areas are compelled to use biomass for
cooking and heating purposes as facilities of
LPG is difficult to be availed because of
tough terrain, which then results in increase
in carbonaceous aerosols in the immediate
indoor environment. This study focuses on
studying carbonaceous aerosol
concentration in selected houses of Baggi, a
very small village in Hamirpur district,
Himachal Pradesh. This study is carried out
in four houses which were asked to use
different fuels for cooking. The indoor
carbonaceous concentrations of these
households were evaluated during morning,
afternoon and evening times when usually
the residents used to cook. It was found that
when residents are using only biomass
(wood) as a fuel for cooking, organic carbon
(OC) and elemental carbon (EC)
concentrations were alarmingly high with
average of 240 pg/m3 and 118) g/m3
respectively. When a mix of LPG cylinders
and biomass together was used for cooking,
the average values of OC (112 pg/md) and
EC (68 pg/m3) came down to some extent.
Although when residents were asked to
cook the whole meal on LPG there was a
stark reduction of 84% in OC and 73% in
EC concentrations, suggesting that shifting
to LPG will be highly beneficial health- wise
as well as economically. The OC/EC ratio
varied in the range of 0.8 to 2.9 which
depicts that the indoor air pollution is being
caused by the immediate pollution source
i.e. biomass burning. This study shows that
by bringing behavioural change in residents
towards cooking methods a significant
improvement in health and reduction in
indoor air pollution can be achieved.
………………………………………………….
Experimental Investigation And Oxygen
Optimisation of Indoor Air Quality in an
Institutional Building
Kumari Monika1,Gupta Puja2, Kulshreshtha Priyanka3
1&2 Lady Irwin College, Sikandra road, Mandi house, New Delhi-110001 3 Society for indoor Environment
Indoor air pollution is ubiquitous and people
spend 80% of their time inside the buildings.
The stress on the green covers in urban
areas due to population growth and rapid
urbanisation is leading to depletion of
oxygen levels in the air. 21% of earth's
atmosphere comprises of oxygen, which
plays an important role in maintaining the
functioning of immune system in human
body. The objective of the present study is
to assess the oxygen levels (02) along with
the IAQ parameters (PM2.5 (µg/m3), PM10
(µg/m3), meteorological parameters i.e
Relative humidity (Rh) and temperature (oC)
and ventilation surrogate i.e Carbon Dioxide
(CO2 ) in a selected institutional building in
New Delhi during the winter season.
Experiments will be conducted to compare
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the pre and post concentration of the
parameters after the installation of oxygen
optimiser as an intervention. Blood oxygen
levels (SPO2) of the occupants in the indoor
microenvironment will be measured in both
pre and post intervention period and the
results will be statistically analyzed. This
study will give an insight to the importance
of oxygen in indoor environment and how it
can help educational institutions to achieve
their goals effectively. Some expected
outcomes are establishing correlation with
SPO2 levels and O2 levels in the selected
micro environment will be analyzed.
…………………………………………………
Comparison Indoor Air Quality for Air
Conditioned (AC) and Naturally
Ventilated Office buildings in Urban Area
Supreme Jain and Dr. Anubha Goel
Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh,
India
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is affected by indoor
pollution sources that release gases or
particles into the air and depending on
ventilation conditions, outdoor air can also
be a contributing factor. Proximity to a field
or busy road combined with inadequate
ventilation that limits inflow-outflow of
pollutants can increase indoor pollutant
levels. For this study Two (2) offices, with
natural ventilation and other with central AC
system, within IIT Kanpur campus were
selected. Air quality was monitored
simultaneously indoor and outdoor in these
offices. The aim was to compare the data
for indoor pollutant levels at the two
locations and elicit the influence of
ventilation conditions. Indoor measurements
were made of Size-segregated mass
concentration of ambient aerosols (cascade
impactor, MOUDI) & Particle Number
Concentration (PNC) (OPC). HVS sampler
measured coarse particle concentration
(PMIO) outdoor. Owing to absence of IAQ
standards in India, particle levels have been
compared to such standards in China.
PM10 concentrations were higher in the
naturally ventilated office and were beyond
permissible levels indoor in China (150
pg/m3) at bothlocations. PNC for dp< Um
was also higher in Naturally Ventilated
Room (Cone. > 400000/cm3) ascompared
to AC Room (Conc. = 160000/cm3).
Analysis for particle-bound metals revealed
higher concentrations at the manually
ventilated office. Average mass
concentrations were highest for crustal
element Ca followed by Fe and K, in both
the offices and lowest levels were for Ni and
Cd. Therefore, more research on factors
influencing IAQ and variation over seasons
is required to achieve acceptable IAQ
Standards for better health and high
productivity.
Influence of closed indoor conditions viz.
home electrical appliances which may
provide the energy needed for secondary
reactions and provision of the surface by the
furniture, walls etc also needs examination.
Such results will aid in the formulation of
IAQ standards in India.
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