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2012 International Conf2012 International Conference onerence on

CommCommunications,unications, DeDevices andvices andIntelligIntelligent Systems (CODIS)ent Systems (CODIS)

December 28 & 29, 2012Jadavpur University (JU) Main Campus,

Kolkata, India

The City of Joy

November 27, 2006 5:7 Research Publishing codis-prelims

2012 International Conference on

Communications, Devices and Intelligent Systems (CODIS)

December 28 & 29, 2012

Dept. of Electronics & Tele-Communication Engg.,

Jadavpur University,

Kolkata, India

A B S T R A C T B O O K


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Contents

Info-2Message from the Chief Patron

Info-3Message from the Patron

Info-4Message from the General Chair

Info-5From The Editors’ Desk

Info-6Committee

Info-8Technical Program Overview

Plenary Talk

Info-10Hybrid Spintronics and Straintronics – An Ultra Low Energy Paradigm for Digital Computing bySupriyo Bandyopadhyay

Jnan Saran Chatterjee Memorial Lecture

Info-11Cell Tower Radiation Hazards and Solutions by Girish Kumar

Invited Talks

Info-12Multi-Technique Observations of Propagation Effects on Satellite Communication Links at an IndianLocation by Animesh Maitra

Info-13VLSI Physical Design for Enhanced Yield – An Overview by Parthasarathi Dasgupta

Info-14Pervasive Computing vs. Cyber-Physical Systems – A Perspective from Smart Environments bySajal K. Das

Info-15New Results in Canonic SPT (CSD) Addition and Multiplication with Application to Adaptive FilterRealization by Mrityunjoy Chakraborty

Info-16Towards Cloud Computing by Swapan Bhattacharya

Info-17Orthogonal Complement Analysis of Variations of Organ Shape Due to Disease byDipti Prasad Mukherjee

Info-18Recent Advances in Microwave Technologies by Ananjan Basu

Info-19Plastic Electronic and Photonic Devices by Partha Chakrabarti

Abstracts

3Friday, 28 December 2012

27Saturday, 29 December 2012

53List of Reviewers

57Acknowledgement for Financial Support

59Author Index

Info-1


Message from the Chief Patron

Souvik BhattacharyyaVice Chancellor,

Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

Today’s communication is based on smart and intelligent systems which are becoming smarter and faster.The improvement and enhancement is due to the cutting edge technologies and miniaturization of userfriendly devices, as well as their lower power consumption and cost. These together affect the differentaspects of human life and the society. This International Conference on Communication, Devices andIntelligent Systems (CODIS 2012) is a platform to show the plethora of these technologies.

Recently we were awarded the centre of excellence and we will be showcasing our initiatives to substantiatethe trust exhibited by the Government of India. We are very happy to organize CODIS 2012 under the lead-ership of the Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering in technical collaboration withIEEE Communication Society (COMSOC), Kolkata chapter. It will bring the various experts on to a commonforum for exchanging expertise in a number of relevant areas. I feel that with strong participation fromindustry, academia and scholars from the country and abroad, the conference is going to be a grand suc-cess.

I wish the conference a grand success and welcome all distinguished guests and delegates to the conference.

Souvik Bhattacharyya

Info-2


Message from the Patron

Siddhartha DattaPro-Vice Chancellor,

Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

I am very much glad to know that the Department of Electronics and Telecommunication is going to organise2012 International Conference on Communications, Devices and Intelligent Systems (CODIS) during 28–29December, 2012.

I convey my best wishes for this endeavour and I personally believe that it is a great occasion for all of us andthe participants of the conference will interact with themselves on emerging issues to meet the challengesof this particular field and enjoy all the events of the International Conference.

I wish the conference a grand success

Siddhartha Datta

Info-3


Message from the General Chair

Subir Kumar SarkarGeneral Chair, CODIS 2012

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication EngineeringJadavpur University, Kolkata, India

I am very happy to welcome you all to the International Conference on Communication, Devices andIntelligent Systems (CODIS 2012), the celebration of innovation and research which typifies the scholastichistory of the city of joy. The conference is being organized on 28th & 29th December, 2012 by the Depart-ment of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India, on the occa-sion of its 55th anniversary of the Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, JadavpurUniversity in Collaboration with IEEE Communications Society (COMSOC) Kolkata Chapter.

The Conference is a platform for people from Academia, budding Engineers, research scholars, upcomingyoung minds and Industries in bringing awareness about the recent advances in Electronics andCommunication Engineering domain.

The Organizing and Technical Committees did a commendable job in soliciting papers, implementing thequality checking mechanism and organizing the refereeing process. Authors are thanked for their sportiveattitude by active meritorious contribution for the success of CODIS 2012. Ultimately the quality of theCODIS 2012 Conference depends on collective effort of one and all for sharing their insights.

I sincerely thank former and present VCs Prof.A Chakraborthy and Prof. Souvik Bhattacharyya of JU,Prof. S. Datta, Pro-VC, JU for their continued patronage, support and encouragement. Also the advice andsupport from Dr. P. K Ghosh, Registrar, JU and Mr. G. K Pattanayak, FO, JU is solicited.

My special thanks go to all Committee members and session chairs, reviewers for effective conduction of theconference. The help and support from IEEE Communication Society (COMSOC) Kolkata Chapter is highlyappreciated.

I welcome you all to savor the facilities provided by the Department of Electronics & TelecommunicationEngineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata. I solicit all the participants patronage in all the future programsof this Department.

Info-4


From The Editors’ Desk

Chayanika Bose Ananda S. Chowdhury P. Venkateswaran

Chayanika Bose Ananda S. Chowdhury P. Venkateswaran

Chayanika Bose Ananda S. Chowdhury P. VenkateswaranTechnical Program Chair Publication Chair Organizing Chair

It is a pleasure to welcome you all to the 2012 International Conference on Communications, Devices, andIntelligent Systems (CODIS) at Kolkata, the cultural capital of India. We earnestly hope that attending CODIS2012 will be a rewarding experience for you both in terms of academic pursuit and cultural extravaganza.

This year we have 336 valid submissions with authors from Australia, Bangladesh, China, Republic of Korea,South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, USA apart from India. The papers were carefully reviewed by renownedresearchers from India and abroad. Based on the recommendations made by the reviewers, we were ableto accept a total of 177 papers leading to a 52.7% acceptance rate. Out of 177 papers, we could accommo-date 102 papers for Oral and 75 papers for Poster presentations. The technical program, spanning 2 days,consists of 18 oral and 4 poster sessions. Three parallel tracks, each with six sessions, have been organizedfor hosting 102 oral presentations. For 75 poster presentations, two parallel sessions are planned each day.

Apart from the contributed papers, the technical program incorporates 1 Plenary and 9 Invited talks inemerging research fields. The plenary talk on Hybrid spintronics and straintronics: An ultra low energyparadigm for digital computing will be delivered by Supriyo Bandyopadhyay from the Virginia Common-wealth University, USA. We have designated one invited talk as Jnan Saran Chatterjee Memorial Lecturein the name of the founder member of our department. This lecture on Cell Tower Radiation Hazards andSolutions will be delivered by Girish Kumar from IIT Bombay, India.

We are very happy that eminent researchers from India and abroad have given kind consent for deliveringtheir lectures amidst a busy schedule. We sincerely acknowledge their cooperation. We are deeply gratefulto all the reviewers whose endless efforts and invaluable expertise have enabled CODIS 2012 to attain thislevel. We take this opportunity to sincerely thank the session chairs, all authors and presenters for theircontributions to CODIS 2012.

We very much look forward to meeting you in CODIS 2012.

Info-5


Committee

Chief Patron S. Bhattacharyya Vice Chancellor, Jadavpur University, India

Patron S. Datta Pro-Vice Chancellor, Jadavpur University, India

Chief Advisor P. K. Ghosh Registrar, Jadavpur University, India

Finance Advisor G. K. Pattanayak Finance Officer, Jadavpur University, India

Departmental AdvisoryCommittee D. R. Poddar

R. Nandi

A. K. Bandyopadhyay

C. K. Sarkar

S. K. Sanyal

B. Gupta

A. Konar

M. K. Naskar

K. K. Mallik

I. S. Misra

Organizing Committee

General Chair S. K. Sarkar

Organizing Chair P. Venkateswaran

Co-chair S. Chaottopadhyay

Finance Chair S. S. Chaudhuri

Finance Co-chair M. Biswas

Technical Program Chair C. Bose

Publication Chair A. S. Chowdhury

Publicity & Registration Chair S. Chatterjee

Hospitality & Logistics Co-chairs S. Ray

S. Biswas

Info-6


Committee

International Advisory Committee

K. Yasumoto Kyushu University, Japan

S. Bandyopadhyay Virginia Commonwealth University, USA

Sajal K. Das Univesity of Texas, Arlington, USA

S. Bhandarkar University of Georgia, Athens ,USA

Atulya K. Nagar Liverpool Hope University, UK

Z. Xing Nyong University, Singapore

M. Cahay University of Cincinnati, USA

S. Winberg University of Capetown, S. Africa

National Advisory Committee

S. Bandyopadhyay ISI Kolkata

G. Kumar IITB

M. Chakraborty IITKGP

P. Chakraborty Director – MNNIT

R. N. Bera SMIT

A. Bagchi ISI Kolkata

A. Moitra CU

T. G. Basavaraju VTU

P. S. Dasgupta IIMC

R. Lohani GU

D. Saha IIMC

Info-7


Technical Program

Program Overview

DAY I: December 28, 2012

REGISTRATION: 9 00 to 10 00, Gandhi Bhavan

INAUGURAL SESSION

10 00 to 11 00

Gandhi Bhavan

HIGH TEA: 11 00 to 11 30

PLENARY TALK

Prof. Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

Virginia Commonwealth University, USA

11 30 to 12 15

Gandhi Bhavan

Track 1

Hall 1,

TEQIP Building First Floor

Track 2

Hall 2,


Track 3

Hall 3,


Session 1: Advanced

Communication I

12 20 to 13 30

Session 1: Semiconductor

Devices

12 20 to 13 30

Session 1: Computer

Networks

12 20 to 13 30

LUNCH BREAK: 13 30 to 14 30 (University Guest House)

Invited Talk

Prof. Animesh Maitra,

IRPE, Calcutta University

14 30 to 15 00

Invited Talk

Prof. Parthasarathi Dasgupta,

IIM Calcutta

14 30 to 15 00

Invited Talk

Prof. Sajal Das,

University of Texas at

Arlington, USA

14 30 to 15 00

Session 2: Cognitive Radios

15 00 to 16 00

Session 2: Quantum Devices

15 00 to 16 00

Session 2: Soft Computing

and Data Security

15 00 to 16 00

TEA BREAK: 16 00 TO 16 15

Session 3: OFDM and MIMO

Systems

16 15 to 17 15

Session 3:MEMS and

Materials

16 15 to 17 15

Session 3: Diverse Fields

16 15 to 17 15

Poster Session A: Communication

17 15 to 18 30

Hall 4, TEQIP Building First Floor

Poster Session B: Devices, Circuits and

Control Systems

17 15 to 18 30


Info-8


DAY II: December 29, 2012

REGISTRATION: 9 30 to 10 00, TEQIP Building First Floor

Track 1

Hall 1,


Track 2

Hall 2,


Track 3

Hall 3,


Invited Talk

Prof. Mrityunjoy Chakraborty,

IIT Kharagpur

10 00 to 10 30

Jnan Saran Chatterjee

Memorial Lecture

Prof. Girish Kumar

IIT Bombay

10 00 to 10 30

Invited Talk

Prof. Swapan Bhattacharyya,

NIT Karnatak

10 00 to 10 30

Session 4: Advanced

Communication II

10 30 to 11 30

Session 4: Antenna Arrays

10 30 to 11 30

Session 4:Machine Learning

and Bioinformatics

10 30 to 11 30

TEA BREAK: 11 30 to 11 45

Session 5: Image Processing

and Pattern Recognition

11 45 to 13 30

Session 5:Microstrip and

Other Antennas

11 45 to 13 30

Session 5: Control and Power

Engineering

11 45 to 13 30

LUNCH BREAK: 13 30 to 14 30 (University Guest House)

Invited Talk

Prof. Dipti Prasad Mukherjee,

ISI Kolkata

14 30 to 15 00

Invited Talk

Prof. Ananjan Basu,

IIT Delhi

14 30 to 15 00

Invited Talk

Prof. Partha Chakraborty,

MNNIT Allahabad

14 30 to 15 00

Session 6: Bio Electronics and

Medical Imaging

15 00 to 16 00

Session 6: Applied

Electromagnetics

15 00 to 16 00

Session 6: Circuits and Digital

Logic

15 00 to 16 00

TEA BREAK: 16 00 to 16 15

Poster Session C:Microwave and Others

16 15 to 17 30


Poster Session D:Machine Learning/Image

Processing/Pattern Recognition

16 15 to 17 30


VALEDICTORY SESSION

17 30 to 18 00


Info-9


Plenary Talk

Plenary Talk

Date/Time: Friday, 28 December 2012 / 11:30 – 12:15

Venue/Room: Gandhi Bhavan

Hybrid Spintronics and Straintronics – An Ultra Low Energy Paradigmfor Digital Computing

Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond, VA, USA.E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Hybrid straintronics and spintronics is a novel nonvolatile logic and memory paradigm where digitalbinary switches are implemented with single-domain multiferroic nanomagnets possessing uniaxial shapeanisotropy. It is potentially three orders of magnitude more energy-efficient than traditional transistor basedlogic and therefore can extend Moores law well beyond the year 2020. Information processors based onthis paradigm consume so little energy that they can run without a battery by harvesting energy from theenvironment, making them uniquely suitable for medically implanted devices, structural health monitoringsystems and other applications where energy is a premium.

Info-10


Jnan Saran Chatterjee Memorial Lecture — Track 2

Date/Time: Saturday, 29 December 2012 / 10:00 – 10:30

Venue/Room: Hall 2, TEQIP Building First Floor

Cell Tower Radiation Hazards and Solutions

Girish Kumar

Department of Electrical Engineering,IIT Bombay, Powai,Mumbai, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Cell phone technology has grown rapidly in India, and currently there are more than 90 crores cell phonesubscribers and nearly 4.5 lakhs cell phone towers. Cell operators are allowed to transmit 20W of powerper carrier from individual cell tower antenna. One operator may have 2 to 6 carrier frequencies and theremay be 3 to 4 operators on the same roof top or tower. Thus, total transmitted power may be 100 to 400W.From Sep. 1, 2012, India has adopted 1/10 of ICNIRP Guidelines, which implies safe power density of 470milliWatt/m2 for GSM900 and 920 milliWatt/m2 for GSM1800 after Inter-Ministerial Committee (IMC) reportcame out in Jan. 2011, which mentioned several health hazards due to radiation.

Interphone study report in May 2010 mentioned that excessive users of mobile phones (i.e., 1/2 hour/dayover 8 to 10 years) have doubled to quadrupled brain tumor risk. On May 31, 2011, WHO reported, “Theelectromagnetic fields produced by mobile phones are classified by the International Agency for Researchon Cancer as possibly carcinogenic to humans.” It is surprising why they have not included effects of celltower radiation, which is for 24 hours unlike cell phones, which is used for much shorter time.

A large number of scientists prepared Bio-Initiative Report in 2007 (610 pages long) and they proposed saferadiation density of 1milliWatt/m2 for outdoor, cumulative RF exposure and 0.1milliWatt/m2 for indoor,cumulative RF exposure. Severe health problems occur within a few years at continuous exposure of1milliWatt/m2, so Austria has adopted this value. The most common complaints are: concentration prob-lems, memory loss, sleep disorder, headache, depression, irritability, hearing loss, joint problems, etc. Moresevere reactions include seizures, paralysis, miscarriage, irreversible infertility, and cancer. Children andpregnant ladies are more vulnerable.

Expert Group formed by Environment Ministry, India submitted their report in Oct. 2011 on “Impacts ofcommunication towers on Wildlife including Birds and Bees”. They gave 919 scientific/technical referencesand mentioned that 593 papers reported adverse effect, 130 papers reported no effect, and 196 papersreported inconclusive/neutral effect. Thus, apart from humans, cell tower radiations also affect birds, ani-mals, plants, and environment. Yield of fruit bearing trees near the cell towers and in the main beam isgoing down significantly.

Solution is that operators must reduce the transmitted power from current 20W/carrier to max. 1 to 2 Wespecially in the dense urban area. This will imply that operators have to install more number of towers orthey can provide low power repeaters or in-building solutions. Each tower may cost additional Rs. 15 Lakhs,so if number of towers increase by 5 Lakhs, then additional cost will be Rs. 75,000 crores. To save money,operators are opposing adoption of stricter guidelines. However, this amount can be recovered in 3 years byincreasing per minute usage charges by Rs. 0.05. Cell phone industry may not admit that there are harmfuleffects just like cigarette industry. Stricter radiation norm of 1milliWatt/m2 must be enforced by the policymakers to protect people, birds, animals, trees, plants and environment.

Info-11


Invited Talks

Invited Talk — Track 1



Multi-Technique Observations of Propagation Effects on SatelliteCommunication Links at an Indian Location

Animesh Maitra

Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics,University of Calcutta,Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The demand for wideband wireless systems for a wide range of applications has pushed up the frequen-cies of satellite communication links above 10 GHz. A major part of the satellite links presently operatesat frequencies above at Ku and Ka bands. The use of Ka-band transponders aboard Indian communicationsatellites has been planned. The satellite links at frequencies above 10 GHz are, however, susceptible topropagation impairments such as, attenuation and depolarization, caused mainly by rain, cloud, ice crystals,water vapour. The propagation effects are particularly dominant in the tropical region which covers the mostpart of the Indian subcontinent. The global models of propagation effects are based on the data mainly fromthe temperate region which has much less varied climatic conditions compared to the tropical region. Thesemodels are not adequate for the tropical region. Also, the data from the tropical region, particularly fromthe Indian locations, are still sparse in view of the complex climatic conditions of the tropics.

At the Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, the propagation effects ofsatellite links over the earth-space paths have been studied since June 2004 with a fairly extensive experi-mental setup that comprise: (i) Ku-band satellite signal receiving system, (ii) Ka-band FM-CW Doppler radar,(iii) multi-frequency microwave radiometer, (iv) disdrometer, (v) optical raingauge, (vi) automatic weatherstation.This experimental measurements are being carried out on co-polar and cross-polar component ofsatellite signal, Ka and V-band brightness temperature of atmospheric emission, Doppler spectra of Ka-bandradar returns, raindrop size distributions, rain rate, temperature and humidity profiles of the atmosphere.

In this talk, we present some of our significant findings on rain induced propagation effects namely, atten-uation, depolarization and scintillations. The study is helpful for modelling of propagation effects and foroptimal designing of satellite links in the Indian region. To indicate the practical usability of the study, someprediction models of rain attenuation are presented indicating their applications in the fade mitigation tech-niques for the satellite signals.

Info-12





VLSI Physical Design for Enhanced Yield – An Overview

Parthasarathi Dasgupta

Indian Institute of Management Calcutta,Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Physical design is a key phase in the standard VLSI design cycle. It follows the circuit design phase, and isfollowed by fabrication of the chip. In this phase, circuit representations of the components (devices andinterconnects) of the design are converted into geometric representations of shapes. During fabrication, thegeometric shapes are implemented into respective layers of materials in a wafer for achieving desired func-tionalities of the components. The geometric representation of the circuit is often known as an integratedcircuit layout.

The physical design phase is usually split into several steps, such as partitioning, floorplanning and place-ment, interconnect routing. These steps define the design flow associated with the physical design. Thedesign flow forms the process and guide-lines/framework for the phase. Physical design flow uses the tech-nology libraries that are provided by the fabrication houses. These technology files provide informationregarding the type of wafer used, the design style used, the layout rules, and so on. Technologies are com-monly classified according to minimal feature size.

The physical design phase is usually split into several steps, such as partitioning, floorplanning and place-ment, interconnect routing. These steps define the design flow associated with the physical design. Thedesign flow forms the process and guide-lines/framework for the phase. Physical design flow uses the tech-nology libraries that are provided by the fabrication houses. These technology files provide informationregarding the type of wafer used, the design style used, the layout rules, and so on. Technologies are com-monly classified according to minimal feature size.

In recent past, it has been shown by several researchers that it is possible to increase the yield if certainmeasures are adopted during the different phases of the VLSI design cycle. Collectively, these steps in thedesign cycle for effective manufacturing of chips are defined as design for manufacturability (DFM). Sincephysical design is an important phase in the VLSI design cycle, it is quite natural to consider applying appro-priate measures in this phase to enhance the yield.

In this short tutorial, we shall briefly introduce the VLSI physical design flow and discuss certain scopes ofapplying techniques with the objective of improving the yield.

Info-13





Pervasive Computing vs. Cyber-Physical Systems – A Perspective fromSmart Environments

Sajal K. Das

Department of Computer Science and Engineering,The University of Texas at Arlington, USA.E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Rapid advancements in smartphones, wireless sensors and mobile communications have led to the develop-ment of cyber-physical systems, pervasive computing and smart environments with important applicationsin environmental, civilian, military, industry, and government sectors. Sensor networks and smartphonesplay significant roles in this context as they not only act as effective interface between physical and cyberworlds, but also bring in human social aspects. However, increasing scale and heterogeneity at all levels —users, devices, networking and computing technologies, information and services — implies a high degreeof uncertainty in distributed control and operations of pervasive and cyber-physical systems, thereby pos-ing significant challenges in providing desired information quality, assurance, and reliability for intelligentdecision making. This is particularly important for critical applications like smart health care and pervasivesecurity.

This talk will examine uncertainty-driven unique challenges and opportunities in cyber-physical and per-vasive computing systems and their inter-winding relationships with smart environments. The talk will beconcluded with provocative thoughts, open issues and future directions of research.

Info-14





New Results in Canonic SPT (CSD) Addition and Multiplication withApplication to Adaptive Filter Realization

Mrityunjoy Chakraborty

Department of Electronics & Electrical Communication Engineering,Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The “sum of power of two (SPT)” is an effective, signed data format to represent filter coefficients in a digitalfilter which reduces the complexity of multiplications in the filtering process to just a few shift and add opera-tions. The canonic SPT, also known as the canonic signed digit (CSD), is a special sparse SPT representationthat guarantees presence of at least one zero between every two successive non-zero SPT digits. In thecase of adaptive filters, as the coefficients are updated with time continuously, conversion to such canonicSPT forms is, however, required at each time index, which is quite impractical and requires additional cir-cuitry. Also, as the position of the non-zero SPT terms in the canonic SPT expression of each coefficientword changes with time, it is not possible to carry out multiplications involving the coefficients via a few“shift and add” operations. This seminar addresses these issues, in the context of a SPT based realizationof adaptive filters belonging to the sign-LMS family. Firstly, it proposes a bit serial adder that takes as inputtwo numbers, one (filter weights) in canonic SPT and the other (data) in 2’s complement form, producing anoutput also in canonic SPT, which allows weight updating purely in the canonic SPT domain. It is also shownhow the canonic SPT property of the input can be used to reduce the complexity of the proposed adder.For multiplication, the canonic SPT word for each coefficient is partitioned into non-overlapping digit pairsand the data word is multiplied by each pair separately. The fact that each pair can have at the most onenon-zero digit is exploited further to reduce the complexity of the multiplication.

Info-15





Towards Cloud Computing

Swapan Bhattacharya

Director, National Institute of Technology Karnataka,Surathkal, Mangalore, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Cloud computing provides a computing capability that can scale up or down dynamically based on demand.This implies a very large pool of computing resources and a mechanism to automatically “provision” theseresources in order to provide on demand scalability. Computing resources offered in cloud computing arevirtualized, as consumers need not worry about details of the underlying layer.

These resources are provided as a “Service”, which can be

* Infrastructure as a service (IaaS),* Platform as a service (PaaS),* Software as a service (SaaS).

This presentation discusses cloud computing in the context of the evolving and changing present day com-puting needs of the software industry. A software application is no longer a tangible product comprising ofseveral functions and modules. It is rather a collaboration of different intangible services available over het-erogeneous platforms across geographically distributed locations seamlessly integrated to provide customsolutions to different consumers.

Cloud computing comprises of a stack of services with ”Pay for Use” concept and the different features ofCloud computing like High availability, resource virtualization, dynamic resource allocation, reliable storageare introduced. Notion of services in cloud computing is much broader than that of SOA and success for bothSOA and cloud computing depends on their respective services possessing certain desirable characteristicsfrom a functional as well as from a Quality of Service perspective point of view. Thus cloud and SOA areconceptually intertwined with each other. From one perspective, SOA as an architectural style deals withservices, and services is what cloud computing provides. Service choreography is an essential component ofcloud computing to respond dynamically to context aware and time-constrained inputs.

Recent research works in the domain of SOA and Cloud computing are discussed which addresses issueslike service choreography, architectural complexity, context aware ESB etc. As more and more businessesare aligning towards ”cloud”, security, storage management, accounting, data & application migration andseveral other new challenges face the cloud computing community. This presentation provides a compre-hensive story about the paradigm shift towards Cloud computing.

Info-16





Orthogonal Complement Analysis of Variations of Organ ShapeDue to Disease

Dipti Prasad Mukherjee

Electronics and Communication Sciences Unit,Indian Statistical Institute,Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

We propose to capture the disease-specific shape variations of human organs eliminating the effects ofnormal variability of the shapes. The global shape variations are modeled using the statistical shape model(SSM). The disease-specific shapes are projected onto the orthogonal complement (OC) subspace of the SSMof normal shapes. The normal shape variability is also projected to its own OC subspace in order to removethe effects of the normal variability. We have derived the mathematical model to calculate the OC of ann-dimensional subspace. We have also shown that the classification in the OC subspace better discriminatesthe features compared to SSM space. We test the proposed method with the 3D organ data of the femur,the pelvis and the liver and have shown that classification accuracy is improved in each case in the OCsubspace.

Info-17





Recent Advances in Microwave Technologies

Ananjan Basu

Center for Applied Research in Electronics,Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,India.E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The area of microwave/millimeter-wave engineering is often perceived to be highly mathematical and cen-tred on Maxwells equation. This is far from the truth. In reality, the present focus is mostly on the technology(design and fabrication) of components and systems — as can be seen when visiting any international con-ference in this area. In this talk, we present an overview of some of the technologies which are currentlybeing developed for both commercial and military applications. The first part of the talk focuses on technolo-gies which are seeing rapid growth today, and are also being pursued at I.I.T. Delhi. The specific areas are :re-configurable antennas, antennas for airborne radar, Ultra-wideband transceivers, Micromachined circuitsand MEMS. As is well-known, re-configurable antennas are very important for achieving higher functionalityin modern wireless components. Many MEMS devices, especially sensors, are commonly in use today butthe application of this technology to microwave and millimeter-waves is now becoming commercial. UWBsystems show great promise for high-speed wireless LANs which do not use additional bandwidth, and alsofor short range imaging and other types of radar. A specific antenna system proposed for AEWACS radarwill also be discussed.

The second part briefly introduces two topics which are of great interest internationally, but have receivedless attention in India. These are : CMOS-RF and multifunctional IC. Finally, a glimpse of activities at JPL,USA on Terahertz, and biological effects will be presented.

The above topics are obviously not exhaustive, but should serve to introduce an audience to this fascinatingarea.

Info-18





Plastic Electronic and Photonic Devices

Partha Chakrabarti

Director, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology,Allahabad, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Plastic is the generic name of a host of organic polymers. While most of the plastic materials do not conductelectricity, a few of them do behave as partially conducting. The arrival of low-cost conducting polymersposed serious challenge before conventional inorganic semiconductors in making electronic and optoelec-tronic devices. Electronic devices based on conducting organic polymers are generally referred to as flexibleor plastic electronic devices. A variety of electronic and optoelectronic devices based on conducting polymershave been developed and deployed in civil and military situations. The success has been phenomenal overthe past three decades. These devices include polymer based Schottky diodes, Tunnel diodes, thin-film field-effect-transistor in the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) and Schottky gate form, light-emitting diodesand even photovoltaic devices. It has been envisaged that in near future the plastic electronic devices wouldreplace silicon based computer memory and logic circuits on computer chips. Further, excellent optical prop-erties of many of these organic polymers make them potential candidates for use as optoelectronic devices.For example, organic light emitting diode (LED) is already commercially available as a low-cost opticalsource that can easily outperform more expensive inorganic counterparts based on III–V and II–VI materials.The conjugated conducting polymers have attracted increasing attention of the researchers because of theirpotential to replace inorganic semiconductors in the development of low-cost electronic and optoelectronicdevices including electroluminescent devices, photovoltaic devices and gas sensors. Currently the dominantmaterials used for making optoelectronic devices include a host of III–V and II–VI inorganic materials. Thesematerials are not only expensive and fragile but also involve more complex and uneconomic processingtechnology. On the other hand, the synthetic polymers are much cheaper and require simple techniquesfor making electronic devices. These factors have actually motivated the researcher to study these materialsas a viable alternative of silicon and other inorganic materials since the early inception of semiconductingpolymers.

This talk is focused on a number of organic polymer based semiconductor devices fabricated at the Cen-tre for Research in Microelectronics in collaboration with the School of Material Science and Technologyof the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India. The organic polymers were synthesized inthe laboratory by using different techniques and subsequently used for making a number of electronicdevices. The devices were characterized in the laboratory for a variety of applications. The talk covers thework carried out by our research group on (i) Electronic Properties and Junction Behavior of PolyanthranilicAcid/Metal contacts; (ii) Fabrication and characterization of an organic photodetector (OPD) in the form ofITO coated glass/polycarbazole (PCz)/Al Schottky contact; (iii) Study of Electronic Properties and Photore-sponse of Polycarbazole-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite/Aluminum Schottky diode and (iv)Fabrication of Poly-3-hexylthiophene based organic field-effect transistor for detection of low concentrationof ammonia. The study revealed that organic polymer based electronic and photonic devices fabricated byus can work reliably for desired applications like their inorganic counterparts. However, these devices haverelatively less sensitivity and stability as compared to conventional electronic devices. However, low-costand simple fabrication techniques would make these devices attractive for large area applications such asin solar cell arrays, sensor arrays, flat panel and flexible display systems.

Info-19

November 24, 2006 16:57 Research Publishing icies-prelims

November 27, 2006 8:47 Research Publishing driver

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Day-1 — Friday, 28 December 2012

Track: I Session: 1

Advanced Communication I

Date: Friday, 28 December 2012

Venue: Hall 1, TEQIP Building First Floor

ACCURATE SER EXPRESSIONS FOR M-ARYDUAL RING STAR QAM IN FADINGCHANNELS

Sourjya Dutta1 and Aniruddha Chandra2

1Polaris Networks, Kolkata, WB, India.E-mail: sourjya−[email protected]

2ECE Department, NIT Durgapur, WB, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Analytical expressions for symbol error rate (SER)of M-ary dual ring star shaped quadrature ampli-tude modulation (QAM), when corrupted by ad-ditive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), have beenderived. Utilizing the result for AWGN channel,SER expressions for various frequency non-selectiveslow fading channels (e.g. Rayleigh, Rician, andNakagami-m) are also found. The results obtainedare in the form of summation of single integralswhich can be easily calculated through numericalmethods. More importantly, compared to the er-roneous results published earlier, the derived ex-pressions are accurate. Extensive Monte Carlo sim-ulations were performed to validate the analyticalframework. The inadequacy of Gray’s approxima-tion for calculation of bit error rate (BER) has alsobeen pointed out.

Keywords: Symbol error rate, Quadratureamplitude modulation, Star constellation,Fading, Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami-rm.

DOA BASED ADAPTIVE BEAMFORMINGWITH RAKE FOR TDSCDMA CELLULARNETWORKS

Anindya Kundua, Sukanta Roy, Arabinda Royb

and Susanta Kumar Parui

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering(ETCE), Bengal Engineering & Science University Shibpur

(BESUS), Howrah, W.B., India.E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Smart Antenna Array acquires the spatial signaturesof the signals to estimate the direction of arrival(DOA) and subsequently steer multiple beam to-wards the desired signals and eliminate co-channelinterference and increase the system capacity andimprove the communication quality. Smart arraywith Rake receiver may counter signal multipath ef-fect and improve information reliability. The purposeof this paper is to study the performance of thesmart antenna DOA based beamforming algorithmapplied to Time Division Synchronous Code DivisionMultiple Access (TDS -CDMA) system. The simula-tion results shows that a TDS-CDMA system withsmart antenna and rake receiver, compared with anomnidirectional antenna, can have lower bit errorrate at a specific signal to noise ratio (SNR), allowmore users to access the system at the specific biterror rate thus increase the system capacity. How-ever, performance of smart antenna system greatlydepends on efficiency of digital signal processingalgorithm applied at the adaptive processor.

Keywords: Smart antenna, TDSCDMA, MUSIC,RAKE, DOA, BER, BTS.

MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATE OFPARAMETERS OF NAKAGAMI-M

DISTRIBUTION

Rangeet Mitra1, Amit Kumar Mishra2 andTarun Choubisa3

1Ozyegin Universitesi Istanbul, Turkey.E-mail: [email protected]

2University of Cape Town Rhondebosch, South Africa.E-mail: [email protected]

3IISC Bangalore. E-mail: [email protected]

Nakagami-m distribution is well known for its abilityto model a number of probability density functions,be it symmetric or asymmetric. Many MaximumLikelihood parameter estimation techniques for thisdistribution have been proposed that use estimatedhigher order moments of the data. However, therequired large amount of data may not always beavailable. This is a drawback of using momentsbased approaches. In this work we propose a Maxi-mum Likelihood parameter estimation technique for

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Nakagami-m distribution by giving a closed formexpression for it. We demonstrate the performanceof the proposed approach using certain test casesand compare the same to conventional algorithmsusing moments. We show that the new algorithmcan model those pdfs better which may be deviat-ing slightly/morderately from Gaussian shape andhence alleviating the need for extra mixture compo-nents.

Keywords: Nakagami-m distribution, Maximum-Likelihood.

POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY OF MODIFIEDHERMITE PULSES FOR M-ARY PULSESHAPE MODULATION

Debashis Adhikaria and C. Bhattacharyab

Department of Electronics Engineering,Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune, India.

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Ultrawideband (UWB) pulse shapes based on mod-ified Hermite pulses (MHP) are considered to begood candidates to meet Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC) regulations. In this paper, wepresent an analysis of power spectral density (PSD)and autocorrelation function (ACF) of MHP. Theproperties of ACF and PSD are discussed as anapplication in an M-ary pulse shape modulationscheme.

TELEMETRY APPLICATIONS OF SOQPSKAND GMSK BASED MODULATION FORAIRBORNE PLATFORMS

Umashankar Balasubramanian1,Pankaj R. Pacharne2, Panga Radhakrishna2,K. Krishna Naik2 and C. Bhattacharya2,a

1National Flight Test Center(NFTC), AeronauticalDevelopment Agency(ADA), Bangalore 560012, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Girinagar,Pune 411025, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Bandwidth restrictions for flight test operations haveled the designers world over to graduate fromanalog telemetry schemes to more compact digi-tal telemetry schemes. Proper precoding and pulseshaping of non-return to zero (NRZ) waveformsare necessary prior to digital modulation for limit-ing the bandwidth of power spectrum of the NRZpulses. The most common pulse shapes used areGaussian filter for Gaussian minimum shift keying(GMSK), raised cosine filters, etc. Recently shapedoffset quadrature phase shift keying (SOQPSK) isintroduced as a bandwidth efficient modulationtechnique. In this paper, we report the bandwidthefficiency of SOQPSK for S-band airborne data links

working at 4 Mbps rate [1]. Our results show that theSOQPSK-TG is the more bandwidth efficient modu-lation scheme than GMSK for telemetry applications.

Track: I Session: 2

Cognitive Radios



PERFORMANCE OF WEIGHTEDCOOPERATIVE SPECTRUM SENSINGSCHEMES IN FADING CHANNELS

Srinivas Nallagondaa,Shravan Kumar Bandarib, Sanjay Dhar Royc

and Sumit Kundud

Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering,National Institute of Technology, Durgapur

E-mail: [email protected]@gmail.com, cs−[email protected],[email protected]

Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising technology forefficient utilization of underutilized spectrum sinceit is able to detect the occupancy of primary users(PU) in the different parts of the spectrum. As thesensing channel uncertainties limit the reliably of thespectrum sensing decision, cooperation among mul-tiple CR users is often used to improve the spectrumsensing decision. In this paper, the performanceof single CR user and cooperative CR user (CSS)based spectrum sensing has been assessed in sev-eral channels such as AWGN, log-normal, Rayleighand Nakagami fading channels. The performance oftwo spectrum sensing schemes based on assigningweights to CR users such as (a) weighting accordingto channel preference and (b) weighting accordingto the value of decision statistic are evaluated. Theeffects of fading parameters on missed detectionperformance of a CR user are indicated. Compar-ative performance of CSS under different fadingchannels has also been studied.

Keywords: Cognitive radio, Cooperativespectrum sensing, Weighting schemes, Fadingchannels, Detection probability.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ACOGNITIVE CHANNEL ALLOCATIONALGORITHM FOR BWA SYSTEM

Anindita Kundu1,a, Prasun Chowdhury1,b,Iti Saha Misra2,c and Salil K. Sanyal2,d

1Student Member IEEE, Department of Electronics andTelecommunication Engineering, Jadavpur University,

Kolkata - 700032, India.

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E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

2Senior Member IEEE, Department of Electronics andTelecommunication Engineering, Jadavpur University,Kolkata - 700032, India.E-mail: [email protected], ds−[email protected]

The practical feasibility of any proposed algorithmcould be tested only by hardware implementation ofthe algorithm. However, in cases involving wirelessinfrastructure based networks, hardware implemen-tation may be very costly and time consuming.Hence, software simulations are used for thesecases. In this paper, we have discussed the approachto be taken to implement any algorithm in any realtime simulator. As a test case, we have implementeda simple infrastructure based centralized cognitivechannel allocation algorithm for WiMAX BWA sys-tem under QualNet 5.0 software. The performanceof the algorithm is then validated in terms of Spec-trum Utilization and System Throughput for bothPoisson and Pareto Arrival Rate of the end users. Theresults are further compared with results obtainedfrom MATLAB 7.3.0. Unlike MATLAB, the impactof the lossy environment and layered architectureof the nodes is embedded in the results obtainedfrom Qualnet. A fall of 4% in Spectrum Utilizationand 3.8% in Throughput is observed in Qualnetcompared to MATLAB.

Keywords: Real time simulator, Source codemodification, Cognitive radio, WiMAX.

BUFFERED NON-RANDOM CHANNELACCESS METHOD FOR BETTER QOS OFCOGNITIVE USERS

Anindita Kundu1,a, Prasun Chowdhury1,b,Sayan Sengupta1,c, Iti Saha Misra2,d andSalil K. Sanyal2,e

1Student Member, IEEE, Department of Electronics andTelecommunication Engineering, Jadavpur University,Kolkata - 700032, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

2Senior Member, IEEE, Department of Electronics andTelecommunication Engineering, Jadavpur University,Kolkata - 700032, India.E-mail: [email protected], es−[email protected]

Cognitive Radio Networks allow opportunistic spec-trum usage by the cognitive users leading to bet-ter spectrum utilization. The spectrum utilizationhowever depends on the channel access methodadopted and the access of the channel by theprimary and the cognitive users. In this paper,a non-random channel access method with ded-icated channels for the primary users has beenproposed which buffers the requesting cognitiveusers when all channels are busy. A four dimen-sional Continuous Time Markov Chain (CTMC) has

been developed to analyze our proposed algorithm.The performance of the algorithm has been com-pared with the existing non-random channel accessmethod and about 71% improvement has beenachieved in the Call Blocking Probability while theChannel Utilization and Call Dropping Probabilityremains almost unchanged.

Keywords: Cognitive channel access method,CTMC, QoS.

GAME THEORETIC SPECTRUM SHARINGFOR COGNITIVE RADIOS

Tanumay Mannaa and Iti Saha Misrab

Department of ETCE Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032,India. E-mail: atanumay−[email protected],[email protected]

This paper explains the use of game theory to beapplied for spectrum sharing scenario in unlicensedbands. A multi variable payoff function [2] is used toillustrate the process of achieving Nash-Equilibriumby varying the various modulation schemes andpower for two non-cooperative systems sharingthe same spectrum. This non-cooperative spectrumsharing often leads to a situation where one systemis at a disadvantageous position. The situation canbe improved if a global utility function is consid-ered that represents a fairness objective. A modifiedglobal utility function is proposed that improves theNash-Equilibrium condition for the two systems sce-nario than the already existing ones.

Keywords: Cognitive radio, Game theory, Nashequllibrium, Spectrum sharing, Unlicensedbands, Gaussian interference channel.

COGNITIVE VERTICAL HANDOVER WITHCOOPERATIVE GAMING FOR OPTIMALPAYOFF IN EMERGING WIRELESS HETNET

Rajender Kumara and Brahmjit Singhb

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department,National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra,India. E-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]

Future Heterogeneous wireless network (HetNet)will foster cognitive Vertical Handover (VHO) toexploit the ubiquitous diversity which is defined asseamless transfer of a session between differentRadio Access Technologies (RATs). Classical VHOmechanisms lacks to expedite the effect of spectrumsensing for network selection which greatly affectsthe Quality of Experience (QoE) of both AccessNode (AN) and Mobile Node (MN). Therefore, Pa-per proposes Error Vector Magnitude (EVM), which

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measures error in modulation quality and charac-terizes neighboring ANs. To maximize the overallnetwork resource utility, EVM based multi-tendereebidding model is proposed which utilises cooper-ative game theory. Performance is compared withclassical MADM bidding model in terms of networkbid value and total HetNet payoff. Results showthat EVM based bidding increases the payoff by ∼

49.3% when compared with classical MADM biddingmodel.

Keywords: Bidding, Cognitive vertical handover,Cooperative gaming, Error vector magnitude, La-tency, Payoff.

Track: I Session: 3

OFDM and MIMO Systems



ORDER ESTIMATION OF HMM DISCRETECHANNEL MODEL FOR OFDM SYSTEMS

Rakesh Ranjan1 and Debjani Mitra2

1Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Kolkata, West Bengal,India. E-mail: [email protected]

2Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian School ofMines Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.E-mail: [email protected]

OFDM systems popularly being used in current highdata rate wireless access networks and internationalstandards are practically implemented using FECand interleaving schemes whose performance eval-uation and analysis can greatly benefit from DiscreteChannel Models developed for the underlying chan-nel. In this paper the order i.e., minimum number ofstates required for the Hidden Markov discrete chan-nel modelling of a typical OFDM system has beenestimated by extensive simulation. The input sampleperiod (Ts) of the signal on which the channel acts, isseen to play a vital role in the HMMs for the OFDMsystems. The models which have been completelyderived for 4 different values of input sample periodstrongly indicate the need for specific evaluation ofHMM channel models for different wireless stan-dards. The Baum-Welch Algorithms (BWA) is used totrain the HMM and to generate the HMM based er-ror patterns which are compared with the original interms of Autocorrelation functions and distributionprobabilities of error intervals.

Keywords: Hidden markov model, Baum welchalgorithm, Discrete channel Modeling, AWGN,OFDM.

ORTHOGONAL VARIABLE SPREADINGFACTOR (OVSF) BASED IMAGETRANSMISSION USING MULTIPLE INPUTMULTIPLE OUTPUT ORTHOGONALFREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING(MIMO-OFDM) SYSTEM

Javaid A. Sheikh1,a, Shabir A. Parah1,Uzma Sakeena Akhtar1, A. Mueed Hafiz1 andG. Mohiuddin Bhat2

1Department of Electronics and InstrumentationTechnology, University of Kashmir Srinagar, India.E-mail: asjavaid−[email protected]

2University Science Instrumentation Centre, University ofKashmir Srinagar, India.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) in combination with Multiple Input MultipleOutput (MIMO) is a popular method for high datarate wireless transmission. The use of multiple an-tennas at both sides of the link offers an additionalfundamental gain-spatial multiplexing gain, whichresults in increased spectral efficiency. This paperis concerned with the simulation, modeling andperformance evaluation of Multiple Input MultipleOutput Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM) with improved performance. In thisscheme OVSF codes have been used for imagespreading before transmission as it solves the syn-chronization problem and minimizes the effect ofunwanted noise during transmission. Rayleigh fad-ing channel has been used in the proposed scheme.The performance of the proposed scheme has beentested on image signal and checked by waveformsand plots by calculating bit error rate and pixelerror rate. Various digital modulation techniqueshave been used for checking the performance of theproposed scheme.

Keywords: Multiple input multiple output (MIMO),Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM), Orthogonal variable spreading factor(OVSF), Rayleigh fading channel.

HYBRID CHANNEL ESTIMATION SCHEMEFOR IEEE 802.11N-BASED STBC MIMOSYSTEM

Parismita Gogoia andKandarpa Kumar Sarmab

Department of Electronics and CommunicationTechnology, Gauhati University Guwahati, Assam, 781014,India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

In this paper, we have proposed a Kalman Filter (KF)- Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based channelestimator block for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) multipath fading channels based on the

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IEEE 802.11n channel models for indoor wirelesslocal area networks (WLAN). Two transmit anten-nas and two receive antennas are used here. Theestimator block has been simulated in STBC codedMIMO multipath fading channel scenario with andwithout CSI, and figure of merit in terms of Bit ErrorRate (BER) has been obtained. The design criteriaand performance curve shown in the paper clearlyproves the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid esti-mator, both in terms of performance and hardwarerealizability.

Keywords: IEEE 802.11n, MIMO, ANN,Estimation.

SINGLE IFFT BLOCK BASED REDUCEDCOMPLEXITY PARTIAL TRANSMITSEQUENCE TECHNIQUE FOR PAPRREDUCTION IN OFDM

Ishita Guptaa and Sarat Kumar Patrab

Electronics and Communication Engineering, NationalInstitute of Technology, Rourkela Odisha, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

This paper discusses a novel, reduced complexity im-plementation of the Partial Transmit Sequence tech-nique (PTS) for reducing the Peak to Average PowerRatio (PAPR) of OFDM signals. The original PTSprovides good PAPR reduction at the cost of com-putational complexity. The use of large number ofIFFT blocks in PTS has been replaced by a single IFFTblock. The parallel processing of the PTSs has beenreplaced by serial processing. Reducing the numberof IFFT blocks and replacing parallel processing byserial processing reduces the computational com-plexity. The simulation results demonstrate that theproposed technique provides performance as goodas standard PTS.

Keywords: PAPR, PTS, IFFT, OFDM.

COMPOSITE CHANNEL ESTIMATION INMIMO-OFDM SYSTEM WITH ENHANCEDSPECTRAL EFFICIENCY

Shuvabrata Bandopadhaya1,a,Sandeep Kumar1,b and Jibendu Shekhar Roy2

1Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication, Silicon Instituteof Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

E-mail: ashuva−[email protected],[email protected]

2School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University,Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Pilot Added Channel Estimation (PACE) for Orthog-onal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) inmultiple transmitting antennas causes inter-antenna

interference. This can be mitigated by the use ofnull sub-carriers. However the presence of null sub-carriers degrades the spectral efficiency of OFDMsystem. This paper proposes an efficiency enhancingchannel estimation method by estimating compositeChannel State Information (CSI) for the given receiv-ing antenna.

Keywords: Orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM), Pilot added channelestimation (PACE), Spectral efficiency, Nullsub-carriers, Composite channel estimation.

Track: II Session: 1

Semiconductor Devices



A PROPOSED METHOD TO STUDY THEPARASITIC RESISTANCE OF KA-BANDSILICON IMPATT DIODE FROMLARGE-SIGNAL ELECTRIC FIELDSNAP-SHOTS

Aritra Acharyya1,a, J. P. Banerjee1,b andSuranjana Banerjee2

1Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University ofCalcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India.E-mail: aari−[email protected],[email protected]

2Department of Electronics and Communication, Academyof Technology, West Bengal University of Technology,Adisaptagram, Hooghly 712121, West Bengal, India.E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper a novel method based on the con-cept of time varying depletion width modulation atlarge-signal levels is proposed to obtain the par-asitic resistance of the inactive region of Ka-bandSilicon Single-Drift Region (SDR) Impact AvalancheTransit Time (IMPATT) diodes. A complete simulationsoftware based on non-sinusoidal voltage excitationmethod is developed to obtain the large-signal elec-tric field snap-shots of the device at different biascurrent densities and different phase angles of afull cycle of steady-state oscillation from which theparasitic series resistance of the device is calculated.The series resistance is also calculated from theconventional method i.e., from the large-signal ad-mittance characteristics at threshold frequency. Theresults however show that the proposed method todetermine the series resistance provides better andcloser agreement with the experimentally reportedvalue than the conventional method.

Keywords: Series resistance, Large-signalsimulation, Electric field snap-shots, Depletionwidth modulation, Millimeter-wave IMPATTs.

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HIGH PERFORMANCE SOI LATERALTRENCH DUAL GATE POWER MOSFET

Yashvir Singha and Mayank Punetha

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,G. B. Pant Engineering College,Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand-246 194, India.E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper, a lateral trench dual gate metal-oxidesemiconductor (LTDGMOS), a power MOSFETon silicon-oninsulator (SOI) is presented. The pro-posed device is having a trench dual gate struc-ture for parallel conduction of two channels. Thetrench structure along with p+ buried layer indrift region causes RESURF effect in the device.Two-dimensional numerical simulations have beenperformed to analyse and compare the perfor-mance of the proposed device with that of theconventional device. The proposed power MOSFETprovides 2.5 times higher output current, 39% de-crease in threshold voltage, 34% reduction in ON-resistance, 53% improvement in peak transconduc-tance, 65% increase in breakdown voltage, 28%reduction in gate-drain charge density and 53% im-provement in figure-of-merit over the conventionalpower MOSFET on SOI for the same cell pitch.

Keywords: Metal-oxide-semiconductorfield-effect transistor (MOSFET), Lateral, Trench,Dual gate, Specific on-resistance, Breakdownvoltage, Transconductance, Gate charge.

EFFECT OF DIELECTRIC THICKNESS ONPERFORMANCE OF DUAL GATE ORGANICFIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS

Vidhi Goswamia, Brijesh Kumarb,B. K. Kaushikc, K. L. Yadavd, Y. S. Negie andM. K. Majumder

Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247667, India.

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

In this research paper, performance characteristicsof the various operating modes of dual gate or-ganic field effect transistors (DG-OFETs) are an-alyzed. Comparative analysis between single-gateand dual-gate OFETs is carried out. Further, effectof gate dielectric thickness (tox) variations rangingfrom 100nm to 200nm is investigated. Observa-tions reveal that the electrical characteristics arestrongly affected by the dielectric thickness. It hasbeen observed that the percentage improvement inthe current on-off ratio is 95.4% and transconduc-tance is reduced by 40.5% with variation in dielectricthickness.

Keywords: Current on-off ratio, Dielectricthickness, Mobility, Organic field effecttransistor, Threshold voltage.

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OFASYMMETRIC GATE BIAS ON THEPERFORMANCE OF DOUBLE GATE TFET

Parthasarathi Gupta1,a, Jayita Das1,b,Debasree Burman1,c,Madhuchhanda Brahma1,d,Hafizur Rahaman1,e andParthasarathi Dasgupta2

1Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur,Howrah. E-mail: agupta−[email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected], erahaman−[email protected]

1Indian Institute of Management Calcutta.E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper we have investigated the effect ofasymmetric gate bias on the performance of a dou-ble gated TFET structure. We have carried out anextensive simulation study on a recently reportednovel electron hole bilayer TFET structure. The struc-ture exhibits a high on current in the range of50 µA/µm and the off current remains as low as10−15 Ampere/µm. So a Ion/Ioff ratio of 1010 canbe achieved. Subthreshold swing has also beenreduced to a value of 18mV/decade. The deviceprinciple and performance are investigated by 2Dnumerical simulation.

Keywords: TFET, EHBTFET, Subthreshold swing,Transfer characteristics.

MODELING THE CHANNEL POTENTIALAND THRESHOLD VOLTAGE OF A FULLYDEPLETED DOUBLE GATE JUNCTIONLESSFET

Parthasarathi Gupta1,a, Debasree Burman1,b,Jayita Das1,c, Madhuchhanda Brahma1,d,Hafizur Rahaman1,e andParthasarathi Dasgupta2

1Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur,Howrah. E-mail: agupta−[email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected], erahaman−[email protected]

2Indian Institute of Management Calcutta.E-mail: [email protected]

An analytical model for the 2D potential distributionin sub-threshold regime of operation of a DoubleGate Junctionless FET (DG-JL FET) structure is devel-oped. Threshold voltage is computed by computingthe minimum value of channel potential. The modelpredicts the threshold voltage of the device withreasonable accuracy.

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Keywords: Junctionless FET, TCAD, SCE,Threhold voltage.

A SUBTHRESHOLD SURFACE POTENTIALMODEL TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF DUALMATERIAL GATE IN GATE ALL AROUNDN-TFETS

Sayani Ghosha and Chandan K. Sarkarb

Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg., JadavpurUniversity, Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

In this paper, an analytical Pseudo 2D model ofsurface potential for dual material surrounding gatetunneling field effect transistor (TFET) is presented.The major drawback of the TFET is low ON- currentand its poor immunity against the Drain inducedbarrier lowering effects. These drawbacks can bealleviated by using dual material gate without dis-turbing other performance parameters. This paperpresent a simple pseudo 2 dimensional analysis ofthe surface potential, to study the effect of dualmaterial gate on the Id-Vg characteristics, potentialenergy, electric field and surface potential of a GAAn-TFET.

Keywords: Gate all around (GAA), TFET, Dualmaterial gate, Surface potential.


Quantum Devices



SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OFQUANTUM CAPACITANCE INSINGLE-GATE MOSFET, DOUBLE-GATEMOSFET AND CNTFET DEVICES FORNANOMETRE REGIME

Sanjeet Kumar Sinhaa andSaurabh Chaudhuryb

Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute ofTtechnology, Silchar, Silchar , India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

Carbon nanotube based FET devices are gettingmore and more importance today because of theirhigh channel mobility and improved gate capaci-tance versus voltage characteristics. In this paper wecompare and analyse the effect of gate capacitanceon varying oxide thickness for single gate MOSFET,double gate MOSFET and CNTFET. It is seen thatin nanometre regime quantum capacitance playsthe major role in deciding the gate capacitance ofa CNTFET and we find a favourable characteristics

of decreasing gate capacitance with the decreasein the oxide thickness which is not possible to getin single gate silicon MOSFET and double gateMOSFET.

Keywords: MOSFET, DG-MOSFET, CNTFET,Oxide-thickness, Quantum capacitance,Inversion layer capacitance.

ALXGA1−XAS BASED PARABOLICQUANTUM WELL STRUCTURES:ENHANCEMENT OF MULTISUBBANDELECTRON MOBILITY

Trinath Sahu1,a, Ajit K. Panda1,b andSangeeta Palo2

1Dept. of Electronics and Communication EngineeringNational Institute of Science and Technology, Palur Hills,Berhampur – 761 008, Odisha, India.E-mail: atsahu−[email protected],[email protected]

2Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Kalam Institute of Technology, Berhampur, Odisha, India.E-mail: [email protected]

We analyse the effect of parabolic potential profileon the multrisubband electron mobility in a GaAs-AlGaAs parabolic double quantum well structure.We show that in case of a double quantum wellstructure, the mobility is enhanced at large wellwidths at which two subbands are occupied. Onthe other hand for a single parabolic quantum well,the occupation of the second subband occurs ata large well width compared to that of the singlesquare well. The mobility enhances nonlinearly withincrease in well width till the second subband isoccupied.

Keywords: Parabolic quantum wells,Multisubband electron mobility, Double quantumwell structures.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SILICONAND GERMANIUM NANOWIRETRANSISTORS - A SIMULATION STUDY

S. Theodore Chandraa andN. B. Balamuruganb

Dept. of ECE, Thiagarajar College of Engineering Madurai,India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

Nanowire Transistors have attracted attention dueto the probable high performance and excellentcontrollability of device current. In this paper, weinvestigate the electrical characteristics of nanowiretransistors made of silicon and germanium mate-rials. The nanowire transistor has a 3D distribu-tion of electron density and electrostatic potential,therefore self-consistent 3D simulations are used.

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Nanowire (tool) is a 3D Poisson self-consistent sim-ulator which can study the 3D transport in nanowiretransistor considering phonon scattering based onthe effective-mass approximation. The transport ori-entation of (100) is considered. The output charac-teristics, Density of States and 1D electron densityprofile of the nanowire transistor are studied indetail for both Si and Ge material.

Keywords: Uncoupled mode space approach,Phonon scattering, Density of states (DOS), 1Delectron density profile.

QUANTUM CENTROID MODELING FORSURROUNDING GATE MOSFETS

P. Vimalaa and N. B. Balamuruganb

Department of ECE, Thiagarajar College of Engineering,Madurai, India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

The present analysis proposes an analytical modelof gate-all-around/surrounding gate (GAA/SG)MOSFETs for centroid including quantum mechan-ical (QM) effects. To obtain the QM effects of SGT,the coupled Poisson and Schrodinger equations aresolved using variational approach. This model isdeveloped to provide an analytical expression forinversion charge distribution function (ICDF). Theobtained ICDF is used to calculate the inversioncharge centroid. The accuracy of the model is veri-fied by comparing the data obtained by Simulations.

Keywords: Surrounding gate, Centroid, Quantumeffects, Variational approach.

FOWLER-NORDHEIM TUNNELING FROMQUANTUM WIRES OF DIFFERENTCROSS-SECTIONS

Shubhasree Biswas Sett1 and Chayanika Bose2

1Electronics and Communication Engineering CalcuttaInstitute of Engineering and Management Kolkata-700040,

India. E-mail: [email protected]

2Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering JadavpurUniversity, Kolkata-700032, India.E-mail: [email protected]

An expression for field emission current density froma quantum wire of square cross-section experienc-ing Fowler-Nordheim tunneling is derived, wheredescription of electron wave function relies on WKBapproximation. In this communication, variationsof current density with the applied electric fieldand wire dimension are computed, and comparedwith similar results obtained for a wire of circularcross-section.

Keywords: Fowler-Nordheim tunneling,Quantum well wire, n-GaAs.


MEMS and Materials



THERMALLY ACTUATED MEMS BASEDSILICON MICROPUMP

Apurba Kr. Rai Baruaha and B. Mondalb

Department of Electronics and Comm. Engg., TezpurUniversity, Tezpur, India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

We report on the design of a MEMS based thermopneumatic micro pump suitable for biomedical ap-plication. The micro pump consists of a silicon di-aphragm with platinum micro heater, a microfluidicchamber and two cantilever valves at the inlet andoutlet. The diaphragm is driven by applying voltagesof range 1-6 V to the micro heater. When the di-aphragm of the micro pump deflects, the fluid eitherfills or discharges the fluid chamber of the micropump. The simulation result confirms the expectedbehavior of the micro pump. Three liquid namelyethanol, water and diethyl ether are loaded to thechamber to see the discharge characteristics of themicro pump. From the observation it can be seenthat an applied power of 30 mW for water, 60 mWfor ethanol and 130 mW for diethyl ether is neededto obtain a flow rate of 60µl/sec from the device.

Keywords: Thermopneumatic micropump,Microfluidics, Micro heater, Flow rate, COMSOLMultiphysics, MEMS.

RESIDUAL STRESS ANALYSIS IN RF MEMSCOMB LINE BAND REJECT FILTER

Buddhadev Pradhana, Amrita Chakabortyb

and Bhaskar Guptac

Department of Electronics and TelecommunicationEngineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata: 700032,West Bengal, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected],cgupta−[email protected]

Studies are presented here on a tunable RF MEMSComb line filter to analyze the effect of residualstress on its electromechanical characteristics. Real-ization of such a filter has already been reportedby the authors [1]. However, analysis presentedtherein neglects the effect of residual stress, whichmay result in a significant modification of the beamactuation voltage. The issue is addressed here. Thispaper presents the simulated results as well as theo-retically calculated results of a comb line filter due tothe presence of residual stress gradient in respect ofactuation voltage and spring constant of fixed-fixed

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beam characteristics for gold films. Modal analy-sis of the fixed-fixed beam structures are carriedout for different values of residual stress gradients.Modal analysis predicts that higher values of tensileresidual stress gradient are not favourable for fixed-fixed beam filter action. Modal analysis of fixed-fixed beam is analyzed by mechanical simulationtool COVENTORWARE-2008®.

Keywords: RF MEMS, Comb line, Band rejectfilter, Residual stress.

PHOTONIC CRYSTAL BASED FLAT-TOPFILTER FOR CWDM CHANNEL COMPATIBLEWITH ITU-T RECOMMENDATION G.694.2

Shounak Dasgupta1, Susovan Mandal2 andChayanika Bose3

1ECE Dept., Swami Vivekananda Institute of Science and

Technology, Kolkata-700145, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2ECE Dept., Heritage Institute of Technology,Kolkata-700107, India.E-mail: [email protected]

3ETCE Dept., Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper a photonic crystal based band passfilter has been designed to meet ITU-T recommen-dation G.694.2 for CWDM system, by varying theconstitutive materials of the unit cell. The amalga-mation of Si1−xGex alloy, with Silicon Nitride (Si3N4)has been effectively found compatible as primitivelayers of unit cells instead of Si= SiO2 pair. FinallyCST MW simulated results have been presented, forcomparative purpose, to demonstrate the amenitiesof Si1−xGex/Si3N4 pair, over Si= SiO2 pair, as basisof the photonic crystal.

Keywords: Photonic crystal, Band pass filter,Flat-top response, Si1−xGex= Si3N4 pair.

A NOVEL DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATIONAPPROACH OF RF MEMS SWITCH FORRECONFIGURABLE ANTENNA USING ANNMETHOD

Paras Chawlaa and Rajesh Khannab

ECE Department, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India.E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

This paper gives the construction and parametricanalysis of low loss RF MEMS switch at low DCfrequencies up to 8GHz which support reconfig-urable antenna devices. The switch used here exhibitexcellent RF characteristics in terms of power andcurrent consumption with typical pull-in voltages liesbetween 1.912 to 2.125V. The switch also exhibitlow insertion loss in the range of (0.01 to 0.03dB

at DC-3.0GHz and 0.03 to 0.07dB at 3.0-8GHz)in on condition and with reasonable isolation (9dBat DC- 3.0GHz and 9dB to 17dB at 3.0-8.0GHz)at off position. Further the return loss in up anddown states are calculated as -40 to -32dB andless than -0.16dB at DC-8GHz respectively. A feed-forward back-propagation (FFBP) algorithm of neu-ral network is also presented for the validation ofchanging the anchor arm length, width of upperbeam and dielectric of RF MEMS switch. The algo-rithm assembles new data samples during trainingfrom finite element method (FEM) based electro-magnetic simulation tool HFSS. Results of the ANNare compared with those of the electromagneticsolver. These physical dimensions are varied anddesign is optimizing for low power consumptionand to achieve acceptable level of s-parameters.The developed algorithm allows the optimisationsolutions of the design to be carried out by replacingrepeated simulations and also provides lesser pro-cessing times whilst still retaining an excellent accu-racy as compared with finite element modelling. Theoptimized isolation and insertion loss results are invery good agreement up to 99.5% as compare withthe theoretical results.

Keywords: ANN, Insertion loss, Isolation,Optimization, Power consumption,Reconfigurable antenna, RF MEMS switch.

SMALL - SIGNAL PARAMETEREXTRACTION TO STUDY THE RFPERFORMANCE OF SOI AND SON MOSFET

Tiya Dey Malakar1, Bibhas Manna2,Saheli Sarkhel2, Sourav Naskar2, P. K. Dutta2

and Subir Kumar Sarkar2,a

1Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,RCCIIT, Kolkata-700015, India.

2Department of Electronics & TelecommunicationEngineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.E-mail: asu−[email protected]

A simple small-signal equivalent circuit for gener-alized horizontal SOI and SON MOSFET has beenpresented. The intrinsic parameters of the small-signal model are obtained from a compact capac-itance based analytical model. Using those small-signal model parameters, frequency dependent per-formances of those structures are simulated withSILVACO SMART SPICE RF Module. It has been re-alized that SON technology improves the frequencyresponse due to improved conductance and reducedparasitic effects. This type of combined analyticaland simulation approach allows us to predict thetechnology road map for future ultra dense, lowpower nanoelectronics devices and their efficiencyin RF frequency range.

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Keywords: Silicon-On-insulator,Silicon-On-Nothing, Analytical model, RFsimulation.

Track: III Session: 1

Computer Networks



FUZZY COMMUNICATION MODEL FORSENSORS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Suman Bhowmik1 and Chandan Giri2

1Dept. of CSE, College of Engg. & Mgmt. Kolaghat PurbaMedinipur - 721171, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2Dept. of IT, Bengal Engg. & Sc. University Shibpur,

Howrah - 700032, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Communication coverage is one of the very impor-tant problem of any Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)application. To get very good design and betterperformances we need to use a very efficient modelthat can truly represent the behavior of sensor nodesin respect of data communication. Qualitatively wecan argue that there is a fuzziness in the commu-nication behavior of sensors. In this paper we areproposing a fuzzy based communication model, findthe membership function and inference rules thatmay truly represent the behavior of sensor nodes.

OBSTACLE DISCOVERY ANDLOCALIZATION SCHEME FOR WIRELESSSENSOR NETWORK

Prasenjit Chanaka, Tuhina Samantab,Hafizur Rahamanc and Indrajit Banerjeec

Department of Information Technology, BengalEngineering and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah,India. E-mail: [email protected],bt−[email protected], crahaman−[email protected],[email protected]

This paper reports an obstacle discovery and local-ization scheme in wireless sensor network (ODLS).Sometime due to limited knowledge about obstacle,source node’s data are unable to reach destinationnode. Therefore, base station unaware about thesource node’s monitoring field. On the other hand,without the knowledge of obstacles end-user is un-able to make appropriate decisions. The proposescheme detects obstacle having minimum exposurewith graph based triangulation scheme and alsodetects approximate location of it by edge basedscheme. Experimental results show that the pro-posed scheme ensures better obstacle detection andlocalization in wireless sensor network.

Keywords: Wireless sensor network (WSN), Basestation (BS), Obstacles detection, Localization.

SHORTEST PATH BASED GEOGRAPHICALROUTING ALGORITHM IN WIRELESSSENSOR NETWORK

Indrajit Banerjee1,a, Indrani Roy1,b,Ahana Roy Choudhury1,c,Biswarup Das Sharma2 and Tuhina Samanta1,d

1Department of Information Technology, BengalEngineering and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah,India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],dt−[email protected]

2Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur,Howrah, India. E-mail: [email protected]

We propose a novel heuristic algorithm thatperforms geographical routing based on a greedyapproach. Our proposed scheme first allocates thegeographic locations of the source and the destina-tion nodes influenced by their GPS information. Avirtual Euclidean path is considered as a referenceline to choose appropriate node for routing. Then, amulti-hop technique is adopted to establish routingpath between them. The nodes in the routing pathsare chosen in a greedy manner, having minimumdistance from the Euclidean line and having mini-mum overlap in coverage area with its immediatepredecessor node. The elegance in our proposedmethod is that it is capable of routing data success-fully from the source to the destination, with nom-inal number of hops, and hence improves powerhandling capability of the network. Performanceanalysis of our algorithm is done in terms of routingoverhead, and average end-to-end delay measure.

Keywords: Sensory network, Geographic routing,Greedy algorithm, Dead-loop detection.

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF AODVPROTOCOL BY CONSIDERING REMAININGLIFETIME OF NODE IN MANET

Shrikant D. Kulkarni1,a, Radhika D. Joshi1,b

and D. A. Roy2

1Department of E&TC, College of Engineering Pune, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

2SO/H, RCnD, BARC, Mumbai, India.E-mail: d−a−[email protected]

Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANET) are the wirelessnetworks consisting of battery powered nodes mov-ing randomly in the terrain. Due to ability of thenodes to act as router and multihop communica-tion technique, they can communicate over larger

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distances compared to their RF range. Routing issueis a very important for these networks. The nodessuccessfully send data using appropriate routingprotocol under various situations including trafficconditions, movement of nodes and data rates. Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routingprotocol is a kind of a reactive protocol in whichroutes are formed on demand basis. In this paperwe have implemented a technique in existing AODVprotocol called as ‘remaining Lifetime based AODV’(LFAODV), which takes care of battery drain rate ofnode during routing. QualNet network simulator isused for testing performance of LFAODV and exist-ing AODV protocol. Significant reduction in averageend to end delay, energy consumption, and controloverhead is achieved using LFAODV as compared toAODV protocol.

Keywords: AODV, MANET, QualNet, RF range.

SECURING NETWORK USING MOBILEAGENTS

Munshi Navid Anjum,Chandreyee Chowdhury andSarmistha Neogya

Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Jadavpur University, Kolkata.E-mail: [email protected]

Protecting mobile agents from malicious host is anactive area of research that will enable future ap-plications to utilize the paradigm of computing. Inthis paper we consider security issue that need tobe addressed before multi-agent systems in general,and mobile agents system in particular, can be usedfor a broad range of commercial applications forthe network. Here we propose a scheme to protectthe nodes and the mobile agents it spawns frommalicious hosts (nodes). Here nodes spawn agentsto collect trust information about concerned nodesfrom its neighborhood. Each agent is given with a listof (concerned) nodes (hosts) to visit, by their owner(a node). The agents, while migrating collect viewsfrom other hosts. The concept of dummy agent isused to protect the agents while being enroute fromgetting lost. Hash based message authenticationcode is used to detect any malicious host platformthat attempts to modify an agent’s code.

Keywords: Mobile agent, HMAC, Security, Trust,Aglet.

GATEWAY NODE IN WSN AS THE QUEENBEE IN A HONEY BEE COLONY

Kalyan Mahata1 and Sukanta Das2

1Dept. of Information Technology, Govt. College of Engg.

and Leather Technology, Kolkata, India.

E-mail: [email protected]

2Dept. of Information Technology, Bengal Engineering andScience University, Shibpur Howrah, India.E-mail: [email protected]

This paper reports a scheme to select the gatewaynode in WSN. The scheme is inspired by the queenbee selection method in a hive. The queen beeis the leader of a hive, and the dynamics of thehive is controlled by the queen bee. The selectionprocess of queen bee in a hive is modelled here first.Motivated by this natural process, we present here atechnique to select the gateway node in WSN whichoutperforms over the existing protocols.

Keywords: Wireless sensor network (WSN),Queen bee problem (QBP), Gateway node, Hive.


Soft Computing and Data Security



NON BLIND DIGITAL WATERMARKINGTECHNIQUE USING DCT AND CROSSCHAOS MAP

Chittaranjan Pradhana, Vilakshan Saxenab

and Ajay Kumar Bisoic

School of Computer Engineering, KIIT University,Bhubaneswar, India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

Digital watermarking is the process of embeddingsecret information into a digital signal which maybe used to verify its authenticity or the identity ofits owners. In this paper, a non-blind digital imagewatermarking algorithm based on Discrete cosinetransform, Cross chaotic map and Arnold transformhas been described. Initially, Arnold’s transforma-tion is applied on the watermark signal. Then, Crosschaos sequence is applied on this encrypted wa-termark to encrypt further. Discrete cosine transfor-mation is applied to the cover image to transformthe signal from the spatial domain to the frequencydomain, where the watermark signal is embedded.It is a kind of non-blind scheme as the extractionneeds the original image. Peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR) is used to evaluate the algorithm. The qualityof the extracted watermark is evaluated using termNormalized cross-correlation (NC). From the results,it may be concluded that our algorithm is resistantenough against the common attacks.

Keywords: Watermarking, Discrete cosinetransform, Arnold’s transformation, Crosschaotic map, Data hiding.

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CHANGE DETECTION IN REMOTELYSENSED IMAGES USING AN ENSEMBLE OFMULTILAYER PERCEPTRONS

Moumita Roya, Dipen Routarayb andSusmita Ghoshc

Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

In the proposed work, a change detection techniqueis developed using a combination of multilayer per-ceptrons (MLPs). At the onset, the different MLPs aretrained with the labeled patterns. Then, the supportvalues (or, the output values) for the unlabeledpatterns are obtained from these trained MLPs. Atlast, decision regarding the class assignment for theunlabeled patterns has been made by fusing theoutcome (i.e., support values) obtained from differ-ent trained MLPs. In the present experiment, ‘meanrule’ and ‘majority voting’ are used as combinationrules. Experiments are carried out on multitemporaland multi-spectral remotely sensed images. Resultsfor the proposed methodology are found to beencouraging.

Keywords: Change detection, Multilayerperceptron, Base classifier, Combiner, Ensembleclassifier.

A NEW SOFT-COMPUTING BASEDFRAMEWORK FOR PROJECTMANAGEMENT USING GAME THEORY

Tuli Bakshi1, Bijan Sarkar2 andSubir Kumar Sanyal2

1Research Scholar, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.

2Production Engineering Dept., Jadavpur University,Kolkata,India.

Software project success or failure depends on theineffective software project management. Successor failure of any project can be attributed incorrecthandling of one or more project variables: people,proper technology, proper project scheduling andselection. Among these attributes proper projectselection is one of the most vital part of softwareproject management. There exist many uncertaintiesin project management and current software engi-neering techniques are unable to eliminate them.So there is huge scope for developing. The currentresearchers have developed a unique model whichis capable to take decision on the field of softwareproject selection. This model has two embeddedsub models namely fuzzy AHP(Analytic HierarchyProcess) and strategic game model. Here in the firstcase experts opinions are considered under fuzzy

environment and in the second case, different de-cisions makers act as players in the game module.Different criteria are taken into consideration forchoosing optimal strategy of the players. An elab-orated case study is also analyzed for testing theoutput of the system.

Keywords: Software project management, Projectselection, Fuzzy AHP, Strategic game, Optimalstrategy.

DISTORTION FREE SECRET IMAGESHARING BASED ON X-OR OPERATION

Amitava Nag1, Jyoti Prakash Singh2,D. Sarkar3, P. P. Sarkar3 and Sushanta Biswas3

1Dept. of Information Technology, Academy of Technology.E-mail: [email protected]

2Dept. of Information Technology, National Institute ofTechnology, Patna. E-mail: [email protected]

3Dept. of Engg. and Technological Studies, University ofKalyani, West Bengal, India.

We propose a secret sharing algorithm which allowsa secret image to be divided into (n : n ¿ 2) imageshares. The share generation algorithm works bydividing one 8-bit pixel of original secret image intotwo parts of 4-bits each. We find a pair of 4-bitswhose XOR gives a specific 4-bits of secret image.Each pair is then concatenated together to form a8-bit number which is then taken as a pixel value ofa share. Depending upon whether the original 4 bitswere of even positions or odd positions, the share iscategorized as even group of share or odd group ofshare. Two shares one from each group is neededto reconstruct the original secret in a lossless way.Our method of share generation is an very easy andlossless way to generate shares and reconstruct thesecret image when needed. Moreover, Individualshare does not possess any similarity with originalimages and looks meaningless which is confirmedby Structured Similarity Index Metric (SSIM).

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Diverse Fields



A SEARCH FOR LATENT PERIODICITIES OFIRREGULAR TIME SERIES OF TOTAL SOLARIRRADIANCE

Sankar Narayan Patra1, Koushik Ghosh2 andSubhas Chandra Panja3

1Department of Applied Electronics and InstrumentationEngg, University Institute of Technology, University ofBurdwan, West Bengal, India. E-mail: [email protected]

2Department of Mathematics, University Institute ofTechnology, University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.E-mail: [email protected]

3Mechanical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University,West Bengal, India. E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper we have analyzed the total solarirradiance signal obtained from Earth RadiationBudget Satellite. After denoising this signal us-ing simple exponential smoothing we experimentedwith this filtered signal to study its nature. Fractaldimension analysis has been applied on it and theobtained value of fractal dimension demonstratesanti-persistent behaviour (short memory process)which may imply multi-periodic phenomenon. Tosort out the possible periods with higher confidenceswe have applied Ferraz-Mello’s method of DateCompensated Discrete Fourier Transform as wellas method of Periodogram which are very muchuseful for the present time series with uneven gaps.We have found certain periodicities from these twomethods with confidence levels all higher than 95%.

Keywords: Statistical signal processing, Solarirradiance, Short memory process, Hurstexponent, Date compensated discrete fouriertransform, Periodogram, Confidence level.

ZNO NANOFLAKE BASEDMETAL-INSULATOR-METAL METHANESENSOR FOR UNDERGROUND COALMINEAPPLICATION

S. Roy1, C. K. Sarkar1 and P.Bhattacharyya2

1IC Design and Fabrication Center, Department ofElectronics and Telecommunication Engineering JadavpurUniversity, Kolkata- 700032, India.

2Department of Electronics and TelecommunicationEngineering, Bengal Engineering and Science University,Shibpur- 711103, Howrah, India.E-mail: pb−etc−[email protected]

In this paper, the detailed methane sensing char-acteristics of Pd-Ag/ZnO/Ni-alloy based Metal-

Insulator-Metal sensor structures on micromachinedSi membrane is reported. The advantages of MEMStechnology (like low power) have been successfullyamalgamated with that of MIM structures (like fastand high response). A nickel alloy (Dilver P1) hasbeen incorporated to fabricate the co-planar mi-croheater and lower electrode of the MIM sensor.Nanoflakes like ZnO layer was deposited by a lowtemperature chemical deposition technique on thelower electrode and the top electrode was formedby Pd–Ag (70%) catalytic contact. The responsemagnitude and response/recovery time were stud-ied at five different temperatures (100-220C) withfive different methane concentrations (0.015-1%).T he maximum response of ∼316% was obtainedat 190C optimum temperature with minimum re-sponse time (∼18 s) at 1% methane in N2. Thestability of the sensor was also studied.

Keywords: MEMS, Ni alloy Microheater,Pd-Ag/ZnO/Nickel alloy MIM structure, MethaneSensor, High Sensitivity.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ATOMICITY ANDSNAPSHOT ISOLATION FOR MULTI-ROWTRANSACTIONS ON COLUMN ORIENTEDDISTRIBUTED DATABASES USING RDBMS

Dharavath Ramesha, Amit Kumar Jainb andChiranjeev Kumarc

Computer Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines(ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], ck−[email protected]

As traditional relational database have limitation ofscalability in the respect of data as well as numberof clients. Column oriented databases overcomethis problem with the cost of lacking transactionfeatures as compared to relational database. Col-umn oriented databases only assure single rowatomic transaction and does not support SnapshotIsolation. In this paper we show how atomicity inmulti-row transaction and snapshot isolation canbe achieved for column oriented database usingRDMBS.

Keywords: HBase, Snapshot isolation, Columnoriented database.

DEVELOPMENT OF WIRELESS INSOLEFOOT PRESSURE DATA ACQUISITIONDEVICE

Oishee Mazumder1,a,Ananda Sankar Kundu1,b andSubhasis Bhaumik2

1School of Mechatronics & Robotics, Bengal Engineering &

Science University, Shibpur Kolkata, India.

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E-mail: [email protected],bananda−[email protected]

2Dept. of Aerospace & Applied Mechanics, BengalEngineering & Science University, Shibpur Kolkata, India.E-mail: sbhaumik−[email protected]

The aim of this paper is to develop a wirelessinsole foot pressure acquisition device to measureand analyze foot planter pressure during variousphysical activities. Developed system consists of apressure insole with four capacitive pressure sensorsfor each foot. Entire system is developed in house in-digenously. Sensors are placed at four foot pressurepoints and interfaced with microcontroller and wire-less acquisition board. Sensors are interfaced withdedicated electronics board made of Capacitance toDigital IC which converts change in capacitance dueto foot pressure to an equivalent digital readout.Graphical User Interface is provided for differentdata curve plot, testing of pressure insole, quan-tifying force and pressure. A mobile and versatilepressure insole for analysis of foot pressure distri-bution and magnitude provides useful informationto diagnose various foot disorders. Planter pressuremeasurement during standing, walking and otheractivity can demonstrate biomechanics of abnor-mal foot, can analyze diabetic offloading, sportsmedicine, pre and post treatment evaluation andyield measurement to track distance progression.

Keywords: Capacitive sensor, CtoD, Insolemeasurement, Gait analysis, Plantar pressure.

NANO COMPUTER DESIGN BASED ONINTRA BODY NANOSCALE NEURO-SPIKECOMMUNICATION: A NANONETWORKPARADIGM

Partha Pratim Ray

Department of Computer Science and Applications SikkimUniversity 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong, Gangtok,Sikkim-737102. E-mail: [email protected]

To realize nano scale network functionalities, theunderlying architecture of nano machines should bedeveloped. Human body is the nature created bestrealistic model of nanonetworking. Intra neuroncommunication is the well designed nanonetwok-ing structure which leads to develop similar nanocomputer model that explores the diagnosis andremedial mechanisms for various critical diseases. Inthis paper, first, Moore machine model is adaptedby comprehending biological interactions betweennano scale neuro-spike communications. Next, anovel nano computer model is devised based onMoore machine. This research to paves a holisticpath to overcome the limitation of ICT oriented med-ical diagnostic approach and builds the foundationfor pragmatic implementation by certain advance-ment in nanoelectronics.

Keywords: Moore machine, Finite stateautomata, Neuro-spike communication,Nanonetwork, Nano computer.

A NEW DESIGN OF A DUAL MODEBIOASSAY DETECTION ANALYZER FORDIGITAL MICROFLUIDIC BIOCHIPS

Pranab Roy1,a, Mahua Raha Patra1,b,Hafizur Rahaman1,c andParthasarathi Dasgupta2

1School of VLSI Technology Bengal Engineering andScience University, Shibpur, India.E-mail: [email protected],bmahua−[email protected], crahaman−[email protected]

2Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Digital microfluidic biochips in recent years havebeen emerged as an alternative platform for perfor-mance of real time biochemical analysis and safetycritical biomedical operations. Detection and analy-sis is a major task for biochemical analysis requiredto be performed on completion of a specific bioassayprotocol in a digital microfluidic system. With the de-velopment of heterogeneous photonic componentintegration technologies it has become possible tointegrate miniaturized optical sensing technologiesthat enable complex optical detection functions tobe incorporated within the microfluidic platform. Inthis paper we have proposed a novel design of dualmode droplet detection analyzer to be coupled witha targeted biochip for providing automated detailedanalysis based on the data acquired through opticaldetection. The proposed design employed in twomodes - for both homogeneous and heterogeneoussamples enables automated detection and analysisof different samples based on predefined character-ized results. The architecture, synthesis and simu-lation of the proposed droplet analyzer for signalsobtained for different bioassay protocols has beendescribed in this paper – and the results are foundto be quite encouraging.

Keywords: Digital microfluidics, Biochips, Opticaldetection, Analysis, Test and diagnostics,Bioassay protocols, Integration.

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Session: A

Communication



IMPLEMENTATION OF MIMO-OFDMUSING ADAPTIVE MULTIUSER DETECTIONIN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Nazia Parveen1 and D. S. Venkateswarlu2

1Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Muffakham Jah College of Engineering and Technology,Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.E-mail: nazia−[email protected]

2Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Progressive Engineering College, Hyderabad, AndhraPradesh, India. E-mail: dronamraju−[email protected]

High data-rate wireless access is demanded bymany applications. In a bid to cope with challengesof increasing demand for higher data rate, bet-ter quality of service and higher network capacity,there is a migration from Single Input Single Out-put (SISO) antenna technology to a more promis-ing Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antennatechnology. OFDM combined with MIMO increasesthe diversity gain and enhances system perfor-mance. Adaptive Receivers are employed in MIMO-OFDM systems (AMUD MIMO-OFDM) to achieve abetter performance. In this paper, simulation resultsare obtained for SISO-OFDM, MIMO-OFDM andAMUD MIMO-OFDM for 2x2 and 4x4 antennas andthe capacity results are obtained for different an-tenna configurations and for SISO-OFDM, MIMO-OFDM and AMUD MIMO-OFDM. The simulation re-sults show that AMUD MIMO-OFDM performs betterwhen compared to SISO-OFDM and MIMO-OFDMin terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal to NoiseRatio (SNR).

Keywords: MIMO, OFDM, AMUD, BER, SNR.

IMPROVED ENERGY DETECTOR WITHSELECTION COMBINING IN COGNITIVERADIO NETWORK

Abhijit Bhowmick1, Sanjay Dhar Roy2,a andSumit Kundu2,b

1ECE Department, Bengal College of Engg. & Tech.,Durgapur, India. E-mail: abx−[email protected]

2ECE Department, NIT Durgapur, Durgapur, India.E-mail: as−[email protected],[email protected]

In this paper, we present performance analysis ofspectrum sensing with an improved energy detec-tor under path loss condition. The path loss factoris normally avoided in connection with spectrumsensing. Performance analysis has been carried out

in a multiple antenna based cognitive radio (CR)network. The CR with improved energy detectoruses selection combining for efficient sensing ofspectrum.

Keywords: Cognitive radio (CR), Improved energydetector, Multiple antenna path los, Spectrumsensing, Selection combining.

DETECTION OF FOLIAGE COVEREDIMMOBILE TARGETS BASED ONINCOHERENT CHANGE DETECTION ANDSURE

K N L Priya, R Nagendran and A. Sreedevi

Electrical and Electronics Department, R. V. College ofEngineering, Bangalore, India.

Target Detection involves the task of identifyingand zeroing in on those set of pixels of an imagethat contain the required information (target). Ithas potential applications in diverse fields includ-ing automatic surveillance of large areas, illegalvehicle movement tracking in remote areas etc.This technique poses many challenges in terms ofretaining only the target pixels by identifying andremoval of noise pixels efficiently. In the case ofdetecting stationary targets concealed by foliage,traditional imaging techniques in the visible domainfail and Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) imagery inthe UWB-VHF (20-90 MHz) band comes to rescue.However, these foliage penetrating frequencies arealso prone to high frequency speckle noise whichasks for a robust target detecting technique. Inthis paper, one such algorithm based on Incoher-ent Change Detection and adaptive thresholdingby Stein’s Unbiased Risk Estimate (SURE) is pro-posed. The images used for testing were a set of 24CARABAS-II VHF SAR images taken during a flightcampaign in Sweden in the year 2002. The codehas been written in MATLAB Platform and is able tosuccessfully locate all the regions where the targetis present and the False Alarm Rate (FAR) is alsominimal. The execution times of the code for variousimage sets are also very promising and lie in therange 16-26 seconds for all the images chosen.

Keywords: Foliage covered targets, Targetdetection, Incoherent change detection, Syntheticaperture RADAR images, SURE, Majority voting.

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ANALYTICAL CALCULATIONS OF CCDF FORSOME COMMON PAPR REDUCTIONTECHNIQUES IN OFDM SYSTEMS

Srinivas Ramavatha andRakhesh Singh Kshetrimayumb

Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering,Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam –781039, India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

High PAPR is one of the major drawbacks of OFDMsystems. It drives the transmitter’s power amplifierinto its nonlinear region, thus causing nonlinear dis-tortions. Square rooting technique (SQRT) and µ-lawcompanding technique are the simple techniquesto reduce PAPR in OFDM systems. In this paper,we derive analytical CCDF for both the techniques.The comparisons of SQRT and µ-law compandingtechniques are carried out using theoretical andsimulation results. It is verified that the µ-law com-panding technique is better than SQRT technique forPAPR reduction.

Keywords: CCDF, µ-law compander, OFDM,PAPR, SQRT.

DOUBLE PASS ERBIUM DOPED FIBERAMPLIFIER WITH 100-NM BROADBANDOPTICAL AMPLIFICATION FOR CATVTRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Ricky Anthonya, Somnath Painb andSambhunath Biswasc

Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata,India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

The paper reports simulative studies of a dou-ble pass erbium doped fiber amplifier pumped bi-directionally by 980nm laser pump using 4:1 splitterfor amplification in 100nm optical band. An averagegain of 15.5dB in wavelength division multiplexed(WDM) system has been obtained with noise figures(N.F) below 4.7dB. An extensive study of the systemshowed gain and noise figure dependence on dopedfiber length, pump powers and signal input levels.Controlling and optimizing these parameters pro-vided a small signal gain spread over 100nm. Sucha configuration can be a cost effective alternative oftoday’s optical networks for cable television (CATV)operation.

Keywords: Erbium doped fiber amplifier, Gainand noise figure, Optical communication,Wavelength division multiplexing.

REUSABILITY OF SPECTRUM INCONGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK USINGTHRESHOLD

Ashima Rout1 and Srinivas Sethi2

1Electronics and Tele Communications, IGIT Sarang.E-mail: [email protected]

2Comp. Sc. Engg. & Appln., IGIT Sarang.E-mail: [email protected]

With the rapid increase and rise in the technol-ogy in a wireless domain since the early nineties,the major bottleneck as regards to the scare radioresource could be resolved by an emerging radiotechnology Cognitive radio (CR). It has also becomeobvious that the most important resources for thewireless communication require a much better wayof exploiting the ether medium frequency spectrumfor the future generation of radio and wirelesscommunication. In order to increase the spectrumefficiency the cognitive users to whom bands havenot been licensed can access the frequency band dy-namically in an opportunistic manner by supportingthe spectrum reuse functionality, thereby sensingthe radio frequency environment until the primaryusers are inactive. In this article we have calculatedthe activity factor of secondary user for a thresholdvalue of the total spectrum usage. Further a rela-tionship between the detection sensitivity, thresholdand activity of secondary users could be establishedby keeping in view of the transmitted parameters.Dynamic spectrum access technique allows the userto operate in the best available channel in terms ofthe application requirement and available spectrumpool characteristic like channel capacity, possibleinterference, path loss, possible channel holdingtime etc.

Keywords: Cognitive radio network, Cognitiveradio users, Reusabilty of specrum, Threshold.

A SIMPLIFIED ANALYTICAL ANDSIMULATION FRAMEWORK FOREVALUATING BER OF RS CODED DIGITALSIGNAL IN RICIAN FADING CHANNELS

Anirban Chattopadhyay1,Aniruddha Chandra2,a andAnup Kr. Bhattacharjee2

1ECE Department, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Engineering,Durgapur 713206, WB, India.

2ECE Department, National Institute of Technology,Durgapur 713209, WB, India.E-mail: [email protected]

In order to mitigate the deleterious effects of multi-path fading in satellite wireless channels, forwarderror correction (FEC) techniques had been usedfor past several decades. Reed-Solomon (RS) coding

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is one of the preferred FECs for current satellitesystems that experience deep fading. For satellitechannels, often a direct path also exists along withthe multipath components, and the attenuation dueto fading can be characterized with Rician statistics.In this paper, we present simplified bit error rate(BER) expression of binary phase shift keying (BPSK)modulation using RS code in slow flat Rician fad-ing. The analytical BER values have been validatedthrough MATLAB based simulations. A detailed dis-cussion on the development of the simulation codeis also included.

Keywords: Bit error rate, Reed-Solomon code,Forward error correction code, Binary phase shiftkeying, Rician fading.

STUDY ON POTENTIALITY OF TRUNCATEDPRN SEQUENCES FOR COMMUNICATION

P. Banerjeea,b, Ushaben Keshwala andMonica Kaushik

ECE, ASET, Amity University, Noida-201303, Uttar Pradesh,India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

Truncation of few bits from the full length PseudoRandom Noise (PRN) sequence causes the appear-ance of a truncation noise in their autocorrelationdeteriorating considerably the system performance.Sometimes, there is the need to shorten the PRN-sequence to decrease the acquisition time and tomatch the data field size in frame structures. Someproperties of truncated PRN sequences have beenstudied in this paper particularly keeping in mind itsapplication in communication system. 9 stage shiftregister has been considered as a case study in thispaper.

Keywords: Pseudo random noise,Autocorrelation, seed value, Truncated PRNsequence, Run and balance property.

COOPERATIVE SPECTRUM SENSING WITHCENSORING OF COGNITIVE RADIOS INPRESENCE OF LOG-NORMALSHADOWING UNDER MAJORITY LOGICFUSION

Srinivas Nallagondaa,Shravan Kumar Bandarib, Sanjay Dhar Royc

and Sumit Kundud

Dept. of Electronics & Communication EngineeringNational Institute of Technology, Durgapur,Durgapur -713209, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], cs−[email protected],[email protected]

Performance of cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS)

has been assessed in presence of log-normal shad-owing. Cognitive radio (CR) users which employenergy detectors (EDs) are censored depending onthe quality of radio channels between them and afusion center (FC). A training based channel esti-mator is used at the FC to estimate the log-normalshadowing coefficients characterizing the channelsbetween the CR users and the FC. Each CR makes ahard decision about primary user (PU) using energydetection and transmits the information to FC usingBPSK signaling if the CR user is selected to transmit.A majority logic fusion rule is applied at the FCfor estimating the performance in terms of misseddetection and total error probability for both perfectand imperfect channel estimation. The performanceof CSS has been evaluated for various probabilitiesof false alarm, reporting and sensing channel SNRvalues.

Keywords: Cooperative spectrum sensing,Cognitive radios censoring, Energy detection,Log-normal shadowing, Majority fusion, Misseddetection probability.

EFFICIENT MULTIMEDIA FILE TRANSFER INWIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK USINGAODV

Prodipto Dasa and Abhijit Paulb

Department of Computer Science, Assam University Silchar,India. E-mail: [email protected],ba−[email protected]

A wireless local area network (WLAN) is a network ofwireless devices that communicate with each otherwithout centralized control or established infrastruc-ture. Multimedia files are transferred over a WLANcontinuously. Ad hoc On-Demand Distance VectorRouting (AODV) routing protocol is used in the MAClayer and it is implemented using java. The inves-tigated scenario is a test-bed that consists of realwireless nodes in Ad hoc mode connected usingIEEE 802.11b standard. It is successfully tested in atest-bed both for image file transfer and webcammultimedia transfer.

Keywords: WLAN, Ad hoc Network, AODV.

INVESTIGATION OF XOR OPERATION INALL-OPTICAL SYSTEM WITH NRZ, RZ ANDMANCHESTER MODULATION FORMATS

Pallavi Singha, D. K. Tripathi and H. K. Dixit

Department of Electronics and Communication, Universityof Allahabad, Allahabad- 211002, Allahabad, India.E-mail: [email protected]

The paper investigates the suitability of various data

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formats for optical XOR gate at 10 Gb/s. The in-vestigation is focused on different data formats forhigh-speed optical networks in optical XOR gate.The extinction ratio at different bit rate is comparedbased on suitability of various data formats. If theclock is pulsed and modulation is RZ or Manchesterthen good results observed for extinction ratio ascompared to NRZ.

Keywords: Cross-Gain Modulation (XGM),Non-Return to Zero (NRZ), Return to Zero (RZ),Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA).

DESIGN AND FPGA VERIFICATION OF HFRFID TRANSPONDER

Subhransu Sekhar Parhia, P. Venkateswaranb

and R. Nandic

Dept. of Electronics & Tele-Communication Engg, JadavpurUniversity, Kolkata – 700 032, India.E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],[email protected]

A new design technique and FPGA verification ofdigital core of 13.56 MHZ (HF) RFID Transponderbased on ISO15693 standard is presented. The dig-ital core is used for decoding the incoming signal,executing commands and sending the data back tothe reader. The digital core consists of two parts,Transmitter and Receiver which include Decodingmodule, Manchester encoding module, crc16 checkmodule and control module. We have implemented1 out of 4 decoding technique with one sub-carrierfrequency in this paper. The results are verifiedin the specified clock frequency in xc2vp4-6fg256device in FPGA Xilinx kit using VHDL in RTL level.

Keywords: ISO-15693, RFID transponder,CRC16-CCITT, Manchester encoding,XC2VP4-6FG256, FPGA.

ANALYSIS OF THE CHANNEL CAPACITY,FOR DIFFERENT LINE LENGTH AND TAPBRIDGES OF INDOOR POWER LINENETWORK FOR BROADBANDCOMMUNICATION

K. Mondal1 and P. K. Ray2

1Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, Modern Institute of Engineering andTechnology, Bandel-712123.E-mail: [email protected]

2Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, Heritage Institute of Technology,Kolkata-700107 India. E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper, a multi- branch Power Line Commu-nication channel is modeled using ABCD matrix oftwo port network which leads to the formation ofa transfer matrix, the element of which are used

to find the transfer function of the multi-branchtransmission line network consisting of taps up toten number. From the calculation of the transferfunction we observed the nature of variation ofsignal attenuation channel capacity for combinationof different transmission line parameters such as,source, branch impedance, channel length, numberof taps and load impedance respectively. Investi-gation on simulated result was carried out usingMATLAB under different conditions in the frequencybands 1 Hz to 40 MHz typical Broad Band for PowerLine Communications.

Keywords: Power line, Transfer function, Powerline communication network, Channel capacity.

DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION BASEDDESIGN OF MULTIPLIERLESS FIR FILTERUSING CANONICAL SIGNED DIGITREPRESENTATION

Abhijit Chandra1 and Sudipta Chattopadhyay2

1Department of Electronics & TelecommunicationEngineering, Bengal Engineering and Science University,Shibpur Howrah 711 103, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2Department of Electronics & TelecommunicationEngineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Design of hardware efficient Finite duration ImpulseResponse (FIR) filter has drawn considerable atten-tion amongst the researchers of late because ofa number of striking features. Useful applicationof various intelligent optimization techniques hasadded special flavour to it. In this communication,we have incorporated a canonical signed digit (CSD)representation for the coefficients of multiplier-lesslow-pass FIR filter which have been optimized bymeans of a robust evolutionary computation mecha-nism, namely Differential Evolution (DE). As a matterof fact, each of the tap coefficients has been for-mulated as sums and/ or differences of powers oftwo. Design examples have proved the hardware ef-ficiency of this CSD-based architecture as comparedto conventional binary representation. Robustness ofour approach has been substantiated by comparingits performance with a variety of state-of-the-artmultiplier-less FIR filters from literature.

Keywords: Canonical signed digit (CSD),Differential evolution (DE), Field programmablegate array (FPGA) chip, Finite impulse response(FIR) filter, Multiplier-less filters.

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IMPROVEMENT IN TARGET DETECTIONAND IMAGE FORMATION FOR ISARSYSTEM USING CLEAN ALGORITHM

Samarendra Nath Sura, Soumyasree Berab,Arun Kumar Singhc and Rabindranath Berad

Dept. of Electronics and Communication EngineeringSikkim Manipal Institute of Technology Rangpo, Sikkim,India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

RADAR images of contiguous targets often sufferfrom side lobe enhancement due to environmentaleffect. This leads to false alarm in target detectionand also degradation in image quality. In this paper,the CLEAN algorithms are introduced to eliminateside lobe enhancement and significantly improvethe target detection performance and image qual-ity. The effectiveness of the CLEAN algorithms isdemonstrated through the results. And also thehardware results show how excellent performancecan be attained by combining the correlator, CLEANDeconvolver.

Keywords: RADAR, ISAR, CLEAN algorithm,Range, Correlation.

DESIGN AND IMPROVEMENT OFBANDWIDTH OF A COMPACT AND WIDEBAND REJECTION FILTER

Somdotta Roy Choudhury,Susanta Kumar Parui and Santanu Das

Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur,Howrah-711103.

A novel bandstop filter (BSF) structure is proposedfor wideband and compact circuit applications. Firstof all the parametric study of the single unit isdone. The wide band is achieved by using threeunit slot sections uniformly arranged on the signalplane. The bandwidth is improved by cascading theunit sections with non-uniform dimensions and pe-riods. This proposed filter is suitable for percentagebandwidth of 44 the shunt-stub and coupled-linebandstop filters since the structure is limited in 50ohm microstrip line width.

Keywords: Spur line, Bandstop filter,Non-Uniform period.

Session: B

Devices, Circuits and Control Systems



PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ANDSIMULATION STUDY OF A SANDWICHEDBARRIER TUNNEL FET

Partha Sarathi Gupta1,a,Madhuchhanda Brahma1,b, Jayita Das1,c,Debasree Burman1,d, Hafizur Rahaman1,e andPartha Sarathi Dasgupta2

1Bengal Engineering and Science University, Howrah,India. E-mail: agupta−[email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

2Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta.E-mail: [email protected]

The Sandwiched Barrier Tunnel FET is a promisingdevice for low power applications. It shows a steepsubthreshold slope and a CMOS compatible highON-STATE current, (Ion). In this paper we present asimulation study to investigate the dependence ofkey device metrics on various structural parameters.We also present a simple model for the subthresh-old current assuming an extreme retrograde dopingprofile. The assumption made, is justified throughsimulation results.

Keywords: TCAD, Band to band tunneling, Lowpower, TFET, Subthreshold swing.

EFFECT OF BARRIER LAYER THICKNESS ONDEVICE PERFORMANCE OF ALINN/GANUNDERLAP DG MOSFET

Hemant Pardeshi1,a, Arghyadeep Sarkar2,N. Mohankumar3 andChandan Kumar Sarkar1

1Electronics and Telecommunication EngineeringDepartment, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India.

2SKP Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu,India.

We analyze the influence of Al0.83In0.17N barrierlayer thickness (T B ) on device performance of 18nmgate length ultra thin body AlInN/GaN heterostruc-ture underlap DG MOSFET, using 2D SentaurusTCAD simulation. The device is designed accordingto the ITRS specifications and simulation is doneusing the hydrodynamic model. The simulation isvalidated with previously published experimental re-sults. Very high drain current density (∼8.8 mA/ µ m)is achieved, due to high values of two-dimensional

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electron gas (2DEG) density and velocity. Simulationof major device performance parameters such asDIBL, SS, delay, threshold voltage (Vt), ON current,energy delay product and total gate capacitance Cgg

have been done for TB ranging from 0nm to 4nm. AsTB is increased the drain current increases and delaydecreases, but at the expense of loss of electrostaticcontrol leading to increased short channel effect i.e.higher DIBL and SS. Also, negative shift in thresholdvoltage is observed for rising TB. Decrease in Cgg

is observed as TB increases, due to increase inseparation between the gate and channel, leadingto reduced gate control. There is tradeoff betweenachieved drain current and electrostatic control forvarying TB. Thus, the selection of appropriate TB

is of vital significance as it determines the deviceperformance.

Keywords: Barrier Layer, Underlap,Heteorstructure, 2DEG, Ultra thin body, Effectivemass.

CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM BREATHERS:APPLICATION IN PHOTONICS FORFERROELECTRICS

Arindam Biswas1,a, A. K Bandhyoapdhyay1,Susmita Biswas2, A.K Bhattacharjee3 andDurbadal Mandal3

1Dumkal Institute of Engg. and Tech, Dumkal,Murshidabad, West Bengal India, Pin-742406.E-mail: [email protected]

2B. P Poddar Institute of Management and Technology,137,V.I.P. Road, Poddar Vihar, Kolkata-700052,Kolkata-70040, India.

3Dept. of ECE, NIT, Durgapur, W.B-731209, India.

Technologically, lithium tantalate is one of the mostimportant ferroelectric materials with a low polingfield that has several applications in the field of pho-tonics and memory switching devices. Due to stronglocalization coupled with discreteness in a nonlinearK-G lattice, there is a formation of breathers andmulti-breathers that manifest in the localized peaksacross the domains in polarization-space-time plot.To probe the quantum states related to discretebreathers for the application in nano technology,the same K-G lattice is quantized to give rise toquantum breathers (QBs) that are explained by aperiodic boundary condition. Secondly, in a non-periodic boundary condition, the temporal evolutionof quanta shows interesting behavior as a functionof impurity that is important from design viewpointfor the THz applications.

Keywords: Classical breathers, Quantumbreathers, Periodic, Non-periodic boundaryconditions.

A 2D ANALYTICAL MODELING APPROACHFOR NANOSCALE STRAINED-SI (S-SI) ONSILICON-GERMANIUM-ON-INSULATOR(SGOI) MOSFETS BY EVANESCENT MODEANALYSIS

Mirgender Kumar1, Sarvesh Dubey1, S. Jit1,a

and Pramod Kumar Tiwari2

1Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute ofTechnology (BHU), Varanasi, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela,

India. E-mail: [email protected]

This paper presents a compact two-dimensional(2D) analytical model of short-channel strained-Si on SGOI MOSFETs. The channel potential isobtained by solving 2D Poisson’s equation usingevanescent mode analysis. The analytical modeltakes into account the effects of all the device pa-rameters along with Ge mole fraction in the re-laxed SiGe layer on the subthreshold device char-acteristics. In addition, the threshold voltage andsubthreshold slope, the key subthreshold physicalparameters, are formulated by employing surfacepotential. For the validation of model, the modelresults have been compared with numerical simu-lation results from ATLASTM by Silvaco.

Keywords: Strained-Si (s-Si), Evanescent modeanalysis, Silicon-Germanium-on-Insulator(SGOI).

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OFINTEGRATED OPTIC RING RESONATORBASED DEVICES

Ishita Bhara, Tapolina Jha, Priya andSabitabrata Dey

Dept of AEIE, College of Engg. & Management, Kolaghat,K.T.P.P. Township, Dist Midnapur (E), 721171, India.E-mail: [email protected]

A wide free spectral range (FSR) quadruple opticalring resonator (QORR) made of silicon on insulator(SOI) as an optical filter has been investigated inthis article. FSR obtained in this article is well inthe range of commercial communication like densewavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systemsstandard. The underlying principle of analysis isdelay line signal processing in z-domain, Mason’sGain formula and Vernier Principle. This QORR isable to produce an FSR of 1175 THz with crosstalklimited within -50dB which is much less than thestipulated limit of -30dB. Group delay, dispersion,finesse have also been analyzed.

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Keywords: Quadruple optical ring resonator,Free spectral range, Mason’s rule, Vernierprinciple, Group delay, Dispersion, Full widthhalf maxima.

DESIGN OF HIGH DELAY BLOCK USINGVOLTAGE SCALING TECHNIQUE

Chandrima Chaudhuria, Vinod Kumarb,Narendra Nath Ghoshc and Ashis Kumar Mald

Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur,Durgapur - 713209, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected]

Delay blocks are an important building block ofsignal processing circuits. To a great extent, per-formance of such circuits depend on the efficientdesign of delay blocks. In this work, a new schemefor designing a high delay chain is presented pre-cisely for low frequency applications. The proposeddesign is based on the fact that propagation delayof a CMOS inverter increases with scaling down ofsupply voltage. This technique is highly area andpower efficient as compared to other commonlyused techniques. Designing of Ring Oscillator andNon-Overlapping-Clock (NOC) generator with theproposed scheme is also demonstrated. Designsare simulated on UMC 180 nm CMOS processwith 1.8 V supply. Simulation results presented herestrongly support the analysis done throughout thework. It is also shown that as the frequency ofoperation reduces, the proposed scheme becomesmore and more advantageous. PVT analysis confirmthe rigidity of the architecture.

VALIDITY OF COMPACT GATE C – V MODELON SIC-SIO2 MOS DEVICE

Chaitali Chakraborty

Department of Electronics and TelecommunicationEngineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.E-mail: [email protected]

The compact gate capacitance-voltage (C-V) modelis utilized to verify the experimentally obtained C-Vcurves for n-type SiC-SiO2 MOS devices. The modelis well in agreement with the experimental data. Thedependence of capacitance on oxide thickness andflatband voltage are also investigated.

Keywords: MOS device, Flatband voltage,SiC-SiO2 device.

LEAKAGE CURRENT REDUCTION USINGMODIFIED GATE REPLACEMENTTECHNIQUE FOR CMOS VLSI CIRCUIT

Surabhi Singha, Baljit Kaurb, B. K. Kaushikc

and S. Dasguptad

Microelectronics and VLSI Group, Department ofElectronics and Computer Engineering, Indian Institute ofTechnology Roorkee, India.E-mail: asurbhi−singh−[email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected]

In recent years, leakage power dominates the dy-namic power in nanoscale CMOS VLSI circuits. Thisresearch paper describes different leakage mecha-nisms that includes subthreshold and gate leakagecurrent. A novel approach of reduction in leakagecurrent is proposed which is primarily based onthe conventional gate replacement technique. Thisapproach is more effective in circuits with higherlogic depth. A comparative analysis is performed be-tween the conventional and modified gate replace-ment mechanisms. Using the modified technique,the overall leakage current and number of replace-ments are reduced by 13.5% and 33.5% respectivelyas compared to the conventional one.

Keywords: Benchmark circuits, Gatereplacement, Leakage current, Subthreshold andgate leakage, VLSI.

DESIGN AND ELECTROTHERMAL ANALYSISOF MEMS BASED MICROHEATER ARRAYFOR GAS SENSOR USING INVAR ALLOY

S. S. Mondal1,a, S. Roy2 and C. K. Sarkar2

1Department of Electronics and TelecommunicationEngineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata- 700032, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2IC Design and Fabrication Center, Department ofElectronics and Telecommunication Engineering, JadavpurUniversity, Kolkata- 700032, India.

Most of the microheaters, which are used to elevatethe temperature of gas sensor, integrated with thedesign of either platinum, nichrome or polysilicon asheater element suitable for high temperature (400-700C) regime. This paper describes the structuraldesign and electrothermal analysis of a microheaterarray to find out the thermal characteristic with dif-ferent bias voltages. The standard meander shapedmicroheater was designed using a Fe, Ni, Co alloy(Invar) having lower thermal expansion coefficient(3x10−6/ C) and thermal conductivity (∼10.4W/M-K) and high resistivity (∼80x10−8

Ω m). The arrayconsists of four unit cell, each of 3mm x 3mm of di-mension with a membrane size of 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm.This device has the unique advantage of making the

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microheater and interdigitated electrode co-plannerusing a single lithography process. The maximumtemperature of ∼212C was achieved with 4.5V ex-citation with lower power consumption of ∼90mW.Invar alloy offered very good temperature uniformityin the active region with tolerance of ∼1%.

Keywords: MEMS, INVAR Alloy, Thermalexpansion coefficient, Coplanar.

DYNAMIC CROSSTALK EFFECT INMULTI-LAYER GRAPHENE NANORIBBONINTERCONNECTS

Narasimha Reddy Ka,Manoj Kumar Majumderb, B. K. Kaushikc,S. K. Manhasd and B. Anande

Microelectronics and VLSI Group, Department of

Electronics and Computer Engineering, Indian Institute ofTechnology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

Multi-layer graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR) is a po-tential candidate for deep-nanometer-interconnectapplications due to its superior conductivity andcurrent carrying capabilities. This research paperpresents an equivalent RLC model for MLGNR in-terconnects to study the dynamic crosstalk effect. Atwo-coupled line bus architecture employing CMOSdriver is used to analyze the in-phase and out-phasecrosstalk delays. On an average, the in-phase andout-phase crosstalk delays are improved by 4.75%and 18.04% respectively for MLGNR with highernumber of layers as compared to the lesser ones.

Keywords: Graphene nanoribbon (GNR),Multi-layer GNR (MLGNR), In-phase andout-phase delay, Interconnects, VLSI.

NOVEL MODELING APPROACH FORMULTI-WALLED CNT BUNDLE IN GLOBALVLSI INTERCONNECTS

Jainender Kumara, Manoj Kumar Majumderb,B. K. Kaushikc, S. Dasguptad andS. K. Manhase

Microelectronics and VLSI Group, Department ofElectronics and Computer Engineering, Indian Institute ofTechnology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) bundleshave potentially provided attractive solution over Cuor other materials used in global VLSI interconnects.

Initially, this research paper proposes an equivalentsingle conductor (ESC) of MWCNT which is wellaccurate to a multiple transmission line RLC networkwith an average error of 1.67% or below. Finally,a novel modeling approach of MWCNT bundleswith different dimensions is introduced that containsdifferent number of shells. On an average, theMWCNT bundle with dimension 44×90nm2 exhibitsan improvement in delay of 68.52% and 27.42%over bundle dimension 12×24nm2 and 28×56nm2

respectively at different interconnect lengths.

Keywords: Carbon nanotube (CNT), ESC model,Multi-walled CNT (MWCNT), Propagation delay,Interconnect, VLSI.

AN OSCILLATOR BASED ACTIVE BRIDGECIRCUIT FOR CONVERTING CAPACITANCECHANGE INTO FREQUENCY FORCAPACITIVE HUMIDITY SENSOR

T. Islam1,a, A. Gangopadhyay1 andZaheeruddin1

1Department of Electrical Engineering, F/O Engineeringand Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University),New Delhi- 110025, India. E-mail: [email protected]

A simple signal conditioning circuit for convertingcapacitance change into frequency for capacitivehumidity sensors is presented. It is based on arelaxation oscillator in which output frequency islinearly related to the capacitive unbalance of anactive bridge. The design, analysis, and experimen-tal results of the circuit and its application to a solgel thin film porous γ-Al2O3 based humidity sensorare reported. Experimental results confirm the the-oretical value predicted. The circuit covering widecapacitance measurement range has the potentialfor remotely monitoring measurement parametersaccurately.

Keywords: Thin film capacitive RH sensor, Activebridge, Relaxation oscillator, Capacitance tofrequency conversion.

DEVELOPMENT OF HALL SENSORPROPELLER ANEMOMETER FORMEASURING WIND SPEED USINGEMBEDDED CONTROLLER

G Karthick Kumar Reddy1,a,S. Venkatramana Reddy1,b andT. K. Ramkumar2

1Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University,Tirupati-517502, India.

E-mail: [email protected],

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[email protected]

2National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Dept. ofSpace, ISRO, Govt. of India, Gadanki-517112, India.E-mail: [email protected]

An Anemometer is a device for measuring windspeed. Propeller type anemometer measures windspeed by generating an a.c signal. In the develop-ment of new anemometer, we use Hall Effect sensorto generate digital signal. The voltage levels of thedigital signal depends on the input voltage appliedto the Hall sensor, its input voltage may be from2.5V – 27V. The Timer/Counter is a register in theMicrocontroller, whose value keeps increasing ordecreasing for rising edge or falling edge of theinternal or external clock source by a constant ratewithout the help of CPU. The external clock to thecounter is the digital signal from the Hall sensor.Thus the rate of rotations made by the propelleris counted using counter in the PIC 18F series Mi-crocontroller. The spinning rate of the propeller isproportional to the wind speed. Therefore, we candetermine the wind speed from the measurement ofspinning rate of the propeller using embedded con-troller and the radius of propeller. The performanceof our system is compared with existing system andour designed anemometer is also inexpensive.

Keywords: Anemometer, Wind speed, MH183hall effect sensor, Timer/Counter, EEPROM, PIC18F8720 microcontroller.

AN IMPROVED METHOD OFFRENET-SERRET BASED GUIDANCE OF ANON-HOLONOMIC WMR

Karnika Biswasa and Ananda Sankar Kundub

School of Mechatronics and Robotics, Bengal Engineeringand Science University, Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected],bananda−[email protected]

This paper deals with an improved method of guid-ance for 2D trajectory tracking by a mobile robotusing Frenet-Serret vectors at variable samplingrate. The state space kinematic model of a non-holonomic differential drive wheeled mobile robothas been used. Curvature based variable samplingminimizes the quantization error and improves ac-curacy of the followed trajectory. It has been shownthat maximum utilization of the computational re-source may be achieved by this method for embed-ded controllers having limited memory.

Keywords: Frenet-Serret, 2D trajectory tracking,Variable sampling.

AUTO TUNED PID CONTROLLER DESIGNUSING DIOPHANTINE EQUATION

Saurabh Srivastavaa, Anuraag Misra andV. S. Pandit

Variable Energy Cyclotron Center, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar,Kolkata, 700064, India. E-mail: [email protected]

This paper describes the application of Diophantineequation in auto tuned PID controllers. The methodhas been applied to a second order system withno zeroes. The plant transfer function is obtainedby system identification toolbox of the MATLAB. Theuniqueness of this approach is that the PID pa-rameters can be found very quickly with less com-putational efforts. The proposed method has beenvalidated on the speed control of a DC motor.

Keywords: Auto-tuning, PID, Pole-placement.

4-BIT ALL-OPTICAL BINARY TO TWO’SCOMPLEMENT CONVERTER

Arunava Bhattachryya1,a,Dilip Kumar Gayen1,b andTanay Chattopadhyay2

1Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering& Management, Kolaghat KTPP Township, Midnapur (East),721171, W.B, India. E-mail: aarunava−[email protected],[email protected]

2Mechanical Operation (Stage-II), Kolaghat Thermal PowerStation, WBPDCL, West Bengal, India, 721137, India.E-mail: [email protected]

All-optical 4-bit binary to 2’s complement converterhas been designed with the help of Terahertz opti-cal asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) switches. Thepaper describes all-optical conversion scheme us-ing a set of all-optical switches. 2’s complementis common in computer systems and is used inbinary subtraction and for logical manipulation. Theoperations of the circuit are studied theoretically andanalyzed through numerical simulations.

Keywords: Terahertz optical asymmetricdemultiplexer, semiconductor optical amplifier,2’s complement operation, optical logic.

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT IN AFUZZY CONTROLLED DIGITAL PHASELOCKED LOOP

Basab Chatterjee1, Sudhabindu Ray2 andB. N. Biswas3

1Dept. of AEIE, Academy of Technology, Hooghly, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2ETCE Dept, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.

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3Education Division, Sir J C Bose School of Engineering,Mankundu, India. E-mail: [email protected]

A Fuzzy logic controller is employed here for con-trolling a 1st order digital phase locked loop (DPLL)based on adaptive loop gain criterion. This intelli-gent loop is changing its loop gain to vary the loopbandwidth for providing rapid and accurate controlof DPLL in the transient and steady states. This formof Fuzzy DPLL is further modified by the inclusionof an additional phase control in the digitally con-trolled oscillator (DCO). Moreover, the system levelmodel of this proposed form of Fuzzy DPLL is im-plemented on a reconfigurable logic platform usingSystem Generator®, a tool from Xilinx® used forFPGA design. Hardware simulations of all forms ofDPLL confirm that proposed Phase controlled FuzzyDPLL does achieve fast locking, reduction in track-ing error, better noise immunity, large signal han-dling capacity and overall outperforming its othercounterparts.

Keywords: Digital phase locked loop (DPLL),Fuzzy DPLL, Modified DCO, Noise bandwidth,Tone modulation, Xilinx system generator®.

MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATICFAULT IDENTIFICATION IN ADISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Debasree Saha1 and S. Sengupta2

1Department of Electrical Engg., Narula Institute ofTechnology, 81 Nilgunj Road, Kolkata-700109.E-mail: debasree−[email protected]

2Applied Physics, University College of Science &Technology, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata-700 009.E-mail: [email protected]

A delta-star transformer connected to distributionsystem has been analyzed with the approach of gen-eralized theory of electrical machines and expres-sions for symmetrical and different unsymmetricalfaults are derived. The detailed theoretical analysisshows that magnitude and phase angle of fault cur-rent varies depending on nature and types of faults.A microcontroller based continuous monitoring unitis developed to detect and identify types of faultsin the transformer connected distribution system.Software executed in microcontroller evaluates na-ture of a fault based on measured magnitudes andphase angles of voltages and currents under faultycondition. Theoretical analysis and experimental re-sults validate acceptability of the developed unit.

Keywords: Fault identificatio, Distribution system,Microcontroller, Automatic.

DEVELOPMENT OF LOW COSTBIOIMPEDANCE ANALYSER FORANALYSING VARIOUS BIOLOGICALSAMPLES

Deblina Biswas1, Kunal Pal1,a, Uttam Kumar1

and D. N. Tibrewala2

1Biotechnology And Medical Engg Dept., National Instituteof Technology, Rourkela Rourkela, Odisha.E-mail: [email protected]

2School of Bioscience and Engineering, JadavpurUniversity, Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Impedance analysis of the biological event hasgained much importance in recent years. In thisstudy, an attempt was made to develop a low-cost impedance analyser for the measurement ofbioimpedance. 8038 IC was used as a waveformgenerator for the analyzer. The impedance ana-lyzer was interfaced with PC using NI 6009. Thedeveloped analyzer was functional in the frequencyrange of 100 Hz-5 KHz. The measurement ofbioimpedance of goat blood suggested a decreasein the impedance of the blood with dilution.

Keywords: Bioimpedance, Waveform generator,Bulk resistance, blood, DAQ, Impedance,Resistance.

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Track: I Session: 4

Advanced Communication II

Date: Saturday, 29 December 2012


DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTAION OF ANOVEL 2ND ORDER FUZZY DPLL

Basab Chatterjee1, Sudhabindu Ray2 andB. N. Biswas3

1Dept. of AEIE, Academy of Technology, Hooghly, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2ETCE Dept, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected]

3Education Division, Sir J C Bose School of Engineering,Mankundu, India. E-mail: [email protected]

An approach is introduced in this paper where aFuzzy logic controller is incorporated in a conven-tional 2nd order digital phase locked loop (DPLL).Here, one of the loop filter coefficients is controlledby Fuzzy logic controller. This form of Fuzzy DPLL isfurther modified by inclusion of an additional phasecontrol in the digitally controlled oscillator (DCO).Moreover, the system level model of this proposedform of Fuzzy DPLL is implemented on a reconfig-urable logic platform using System Generator®, atool from Xilinx® used for FPGA design. Hardwaresimulation of all form of DPLL confirms that theproposed Phase Controlled Fuzzy DPLL performanceis distinctly better than its other counterparts.

Keywords: Second order digital phase lockedloop (DPLL), Modified DCO, Phase modulation,Fuzzy DPLL, Noise bandwidth, Xilinx systemgenerator®.

CANONICAL SIGNED DIGITREPRESENTATION OF QUADRATUREMIRROR FILTER USING GENETICALGORITHM

Debajyoti Misra1, Supriya Dhabal2,Roshni Chakrabarti3 and P. Venkateswaran4

1Department of ECE, Siliguri Institute of Technology,

Siliguri, India. E-mail: [email protected]

2Department of ECE, Netaji Subhash Engg. College,Kolkata, India. E-mail: supriya−[email protected]

3Department of ECE, IIIT, Banipur, West Bengal.E-mail: [email protected]

4Department of ETCE, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper a two channel Quadrature Mirror Filter(QMF) bank is designed using Genetic Algorithm(GA) and coefficients of filters are represented inCanonical Signed Digit (CSD). A fresh Genetic op-erator is used that combines crossover and adaptivemutation to improve the convergence rate and so-lution quality of GA. Prototype filter is constructedusing GA and the coefficients of the filter are con-verted to nearest signed power of two terms whichreduces hardware complexity of the overall system.The proposed design of QMF is also achieved leastvalue of Reconstruction error. The technique im-proves the performance of QMF with respect to itspeak reconstruction error, transition bandwidth andhardware required to realize FIR digital filter to lessthan the complexity of 2’s complement represen-tation. During the optimization of prototype filtercoefficients only nonzero CSD digits are used so thatbetter performance is achieved.

Keywords: QMF, GA, CSD, NPR.

COMPARISON OF TRACKING FILTERSPERFORMANCES WITH OFFLINE RADARDATA PROCESSING

A. Vaidhyanathana, M. Sreenivasa Babub,S. V. Subba Raoc and V. Seshagiri Raod

Range Instrumentation Systems, Satish Dhawan SpaceCenter, Indian Space Research Organisation Sriharikota,India-524124. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected]

This paper deals with estimation of target kinematicsfrom radar measurements through offline process-ing of the trajectory data obtained from a groundbased monopulse tracking radar. Being recursive innature the two popular filters αβγ and kalman filtersare adopted. Simulations are carried out for these

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filters with three different trajectories of different dy-namics. Their performances are compared and stud-ied. These filters are implemented in C and portedin 8641D PowerPC for real time implementation.

Keywords: Radar, Tracking filters, αβγ filter, LKF,PowerPc, VxWorks, RTOS.

AN OPTIMUM PRF SET FOR PULSED LONGRANGE TRACKING RADAR

M. Sreenivasa Babua, S. Muhammed Suhailb,A. Vaidhyanathanc, S. V. Subba Raod andV. Seshagiri Raoe

Range Instrumentation Systems, Satish Dhawan SpaceCenter, Indian Space Research Organisation, Sriharikota,India-524124. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

The computation of waveform parameters andwaveform generation always appears to be chal-lenging owing to the wide effects it can cause onthe performance of radars. The waveform to betransmitted should be chosen keeping in mind thevarious criticalities involved among which range andvelocity ambiguity bags much importance. The PRFchosen cannot be simultaneously range and velocityun-ambiguous. A compromise between range andvelocity ambiguity is the only solution. This paperthrows light on a novel method of selecting a PRFlist for a pulsed long range skin mode trackingradar which uses Pulse Compression. A set of PRFsare selected from within a minimum and maximumlimits which are chosen to cater the functional re-quirements of the radar. The PRF values are selectedto meet energy and resource constraints and canbe generated easily from a standard clock sourceusing sophisticated chips like controllers or FPGAs.The selected PRF set meets range un-ambiguity andproves to be velocity unambiguous for targets withvelocity of the order of a mach.

Keywords: Range-Doppler ambiguity, Pulsecompression, Interleaved tracking, Linearfrequency modulation, Blind speed.

NEIGHBOUR LOCATION BASED CHANNELRESERVATION SCHEME FOR LEOSATELLITE COMMUNICATION

Shubhajeet Chatterjeea, Joydeep Sahab,Soumyanil Banerjeec and Arijit Mondald

Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, Institute of Engineering and Management,Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091, West Bengal, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], csoumya−[email protected],

[email protected]

In wireless communication, low propagation delayand low power requirements of satellite are keyrequirements which makes low earth orbit (LEO)satellite preferable over others. Over the years aplenty of researches had been done in this fieldof satellite handover management, but the problemremains unsolved. One such method is the reserva-tion of a few channels specifically for handover calls.One demerit of this scheme is that not all channelsare available for allocation of new calls, leading toan increase in new call blocking probability. Alsothis scheme may lead to unnecessary reservationof channels for handover even when the numberof handovers is very small. During such a periodthe reserved channels could have been used forallocation of new calls. So, in this paper we aregoing to propose a new Neighbour Location BasedChannel Reservation scheme for efficient utiliza-tion of resources (channels) in handover and newchannel allocation in LEO Satellite communication.In this scheme, we are reserving few channels ineach spot beam especially for handoff based on thenumber of mobile stations in neighbour locationsand the average handover call arrival rate. In thesimulation, this approach reduces the unnecessarycomplexity and unnecessary reservation of resources(channels) which in turn reduces the complexity ofthe communication network.

Keywords: Footprint, LEO, Channel allocation,Spot-beam, Next generation wireless system(NGWS).

AN IFIR APPROACH FOR DESIGNINGM-BAND NPR COSINE MODULATEDFILTER BANK WITH CSD

Roshni Chakrabarti1, Supriya Dhabal2,Debajyoti Misra3 and P. Venkateswaran4

1Department of ECE, IIIT, Banipur, West Bengal.E-mail: [email protected]

2Department of ECE, Netaji Subhash Engg. College,Kolkata, India. E-mail: supriya−[email protected]

3Department of ECE, Siliguri Institute of Technology,Siliguri, India. E-mail: [email protected]

4Department of ETCE, Jadavpur University Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected]

This work presents a proficient approach of design-ing an M-band Near Perfect Reconstruction (NPR)Cosine Modulated Filter Bank (CMFB) where theNPR condition is built upon to satisfy the power com-plementary property and the pass-edge frequencyis repetitively varied to adjust the filter-coefficientsto reduce the reconstruction error occurred. Usingthis optimal value of the pass-edge frequency, theprototype filter is designed and the filter bank isconsidered from that single prototype filter. Thus

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the primary goal of designing the CMFB comesdown to the issue of implementing efficient structureof this prototype filter. Now the prototype filter isdesigned with Interpolated Finite Impulse Response(IFIR) technique where numbers of hardware multi-pliers are reduced by cascading model and imagesuppression filter compared to that of single proto-type filter and furthermore the designed filter co-efficients are replaced with Canonical Signed Digit(CSD) to get lesser hardware complexity. To makethe system practically realizable, an Electrocardio-gram (ECG) signal is processed through this systemand reconstructed back again. Some quality mea-surement parameters such as Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR), Mean Square Error (MSE) and PercentageRoot Mean Square Difference (PRD) are analyzed tosee the effectiveness of the CMFB.

Keywords: NPR CMFB, IFIR, CSD, SNR, MSE, PRD.

Track: I Session: 5

Image Processing and Pattern Recognition



APPLICATION OF UNSUPERVISED ENDMEMBER DETECTION ALGORITHMS FORSPECTRAL UNMIXING OF HYPERSPECTRALDATA FOR MANGROVE SPECIESDISCRIMINATION

Somdatta Chakravortty1 andArpita Saha Choudhury2

1Assistant Professor, Department of InformationTechnology, Govt. College of Engineering & CeramicTechnology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2Research Fellow, Department of Information Technology,Govt. College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology,West Bengal, India.

The Sunderban Biosphere Reserve of West Bengal,India is an ideal locale where hyperspectral im-age data may be successfully utilized for accu-rate mapping of nearly 94 mangrove species thatexist there. The present study is the first attemptto use hyperspectral data in the Sunderban eco-geographic province to enable species level dis-crimination of mangroves. As priori knowledge ofmangrove species distribution in most of the denselyforested islands of the Sunderbans is not available,this paper applies unsupervised automated targetdetection algorithms such as N-FINDR and ATGPfor detection of end members (mangrove species)from the hyperspectral image data. The pixels com-prising of either homogeneous or mixed mangrovesspecies are unmixed using both constrained and un-constrained linear mixing model and the fractional

abundance images of the detected species gener-ated. It has been found that the abundance im-ages generated after unconstrained linear unmixingshows more accuracy with use of end members gen-erated by N-FINDR algorithm as compared to thatof constrained linear unmixing with ATGP as wellas NFINDR. The sub pixel classified results have ledto the identification of species dominant in Henry’sIsland to be Avicennia Marina, Avicennia Officinalis,Excoecaria Agallocha, Ceriops Decandra, PhoenixPaludosa and Aegialitis. The area also comprisesmixed patches of Ceriops-Excoecaria Agallocha aswell as Aegialitis-Avicennia Marina var aquitesimain many places.

Keywords: Sub pixel classification, Unconstrainedlinear spectral unmixing, Constrained linearspectral unmixing, N-FINDR, Automated targetgeneration process (ATGP).

A NEW APPROACH FOR SEGMENTATIONOF IMAGE AND TEXT IN NATURAL ANDCOMMERCIAL COLOR DOCUMENTS

Malay K. Kundu1, Soumyadip Dhar2,a andMinakshi Banerjee2,b

1Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute,Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected]

2RCC Institute of Information Technology, Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

This paper presents an efficient method for seg-menting text and non text parts of natural reallife images and colored document images usingM-band wavelet packet frames. Various combina-tions of band pass channels of M-band waveletpacket frames represent the image at different scaleand orientations in the frequency planes of YCbCrcomponents of color images. The scale space fea-ture vector comprises of the local energy aroundeach pixel at different scales and segmentation isachieved using fuzzy C-means clustering. No infor-mation regarding font size, scaling representation,type of layout etc. of the images are considered inour algorithm.

Keywords: Color document segmentation,M-band packet wavelet, Adaptive basis selection,Texture segmentation.

VISUC: VIDEO SUMMARIZATION WITHUSER CUSTOMIZATION

Rameswar Pandaa, Sanjay K. Kuanarb andAnanda S. Chowdhuryc

Department of Electronics and TelecommunicationEngineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata – 700032, India.

E-mail: [email protected],

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Design of video storyboards, which enables a user toaccess any video in a friendly and meaningful way,has emerged as an important area of research in themultimedia community. In this paper, we proposea novel semi-automated method for constructionof video storyboards based on Delaunay graphs.A robust edge pruning strategy, where the edgeweights are assumed to follow a Gaussian distri-bution, is applied on an appropriately constructedDelaunay graph. The proposed method also takesinto account two advanced user needs, namely thewaiting time and the number of frames an userwants to see in the storyboard. Experimental resultson some standard videos of different genre clearlyindicate the superiority of the proposed method interms of the F0.5 measure.

Keywords: Video storyboard, Delaunay graphs,Edge pruning, User customization, Gaussiandistribution.

DIGIT RECOGNITION FROM PRESSURESENSOR DATA USING EULER NUMBERAND CENTRAL MOMENTS

Angshuman Paula, Nilotpal Bhattacharyab andAnanda S. Chowdhuryc

Department of Electronics and TelecommunicationEngineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata – 700032, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

The work described in the paper deals with real-ization of a digit recognition system for the visuallyimpaired persons. The input to the system is pres-sure sensor data obtained from a sensor pad with256 capacitive pressure sensors. The objective ofthe system is to recognize correctly the 2-D shapeof a digit which is placed on the above sensor pad.The problem is extremely challenging because theinput data i) is very susceptible to noise and ii) mayundergo rigid body transformation with respect tothe reference library of the system. During the firststep of the recognition process, the Euler number isused to achieve a preliminary classification. In thesecond step, 4th order central moment is appliedto correctly recognize the input. A comparison ofthe performance of the proposed method with someother existing approaches indicates our recognitionresults to be highly promising.

Keywords: Pressure sensor, Digit recognition,Euler number, Central moment.

TWO STAGE FEATURE EXTRACTION USINGMODIFIED MFCC FOR HONK DETECTION

Rohan Banerjeea and Aniruddha Sinhab

Tata Consultancy Services Ltd.E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Robust and accurate detection of vehicle horn alongwith the rate of honking can estimate the traffic stateof a street in an urban area. Participatory sensingusing audio of users’ mobile phones is being usedfor monitoring the environment. In this paper, wepropose a Spectral Based Mel-Frequency CepstralCo-efficient (SBMFCC) feature for horn detectionwhich considers the spectral characteristics of thesounds in feature computation. The proposed ap-proach modifies the conventional Mel filter bankstructure according to the varying nature of spec-tral energy distribution of the horn sound. A twostage feature extraction approach is also proposedto further reduce the processing on mobile device.Database of different traffic sounds including ve-hicle horns are collected under various road andtraffic conditions to perform a comparative studyof the performance. Experimental results prove theeffectiveness of SBMFCC feature over the conven-tional MFCC feature while using a Gaussian Mix-ture Model (GMM) classifier. Substantial saving inprocessing load is achieved with the incorporationof two stage feature extraction process.

Keywords: Participatory sensing, Traffic conditionmonitoring, Horn detection, Modified MFCC,Feature extraction.

IMAGE COMPRESSION USING BESSELTRANSFORMATION

Tera Hindua and Suyakanth V Gangashettyb

International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT),Gachibowli, Hyderabad - 500 032, Andhra Pradesh, India.E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

The decorrelation of image pixels using analyticaldigital image transforms have received a widerangeof interest especially in the field of image compres-sion. Wavelets can be effectively used for this pur-pose, the choice of wavelet function, wavelet order,the selection of threshold value and setting the op-timal level of decomposition are the limitations. Theapplication of 2D Bessel transform (BT) for imagecompression is an experiment and has been appliedahead of wavelet transform, because of its variablestructure in single decomposition can achieve vari-able amount of compression. The performance ofimage compression using BT is compared to thatof wavelet transform and Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT), for various Compression Ratios (CRs).

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Keywords: Discrete cosine transform, Discretewavelet transform, Bessel transform,Compression ratio.

CLUSTERING BASED BAND SELECTIONFOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES

Aloke Datta1,a, Susmita Ghosh2 andAshish Ghosh1,b

1Center for Soft Computing Research, Indian StatisticalInstitute, Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

2Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected]

An unsupervised band selection method for hyper-spectral images is proposed in this article. Threesteps are followed to carry out the algorithm. In thefirst step, characteristics (attributes) of the bands aregenerated. Next, redundancy among the bands isremoved by using clustering. DBSCAN algorithm isused for clustering the bands. One representativeband is selected from each cluster. Finally, the bandsare ranked based on their discriminating capabilitiesfor classification. To demonstrate the effectivenessof the proposed method, results are compared witha ranking based and two clustering based methodsin terms of classification accuracy and Kappa coef-ficient. Results for the proposed methodology arefound to be encouraging.

Keywords: Unsupervised band selection,Hyperspectral imagery, Clustering, Featureranking.

IMAGE SEGMENTATION USINGROUGH-FUZZY K-MEDOID ALGORITHM

Amiya Halder1,a, Avijit Dasgupta1,b andSusmita Ghosh2

1Department of CSE, Department of ECE, St. Thomas’College of Engineering and Technology, Kidderpore,Kolkata 700023, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

2Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Recently image segmentation based on rough setand fuzzy set have gained increasing attention. Inthis article, a rough-fuzzy K-medoid algorithm isproposed for color image segmentation. The mainobjective of this algorithm is to provide an effi-cient method which uses color information (R, G,B values) along with neighborhood relationships. Inthis method K-medoid algorithm is modified usingreduct formation rule of rough set theory whilemembership values of the features are obtained

using fuzzy sets. This method uses spatial segmen-tation where an image is divided into different partswith similar properties. Choice of initial cluster cen-ters affects the performance of K-medoid algorithm,even if it is a simple and effective one. In this article,a modified K-medoid algorithm is proposed havingtwo parts- in the first part, the initial cluster centersare optimized by rough set theory and in the secondpart the optimal cluster centers are used to executeK-medoid algorithm. The proposed scheme does notrequire any prior information about the number ofsegments. Results are compared with five differentstate of the art image segmentation algorithms andare found to be encouraging.

Keywords: Image segmentation, K-medoidclustering, Rough set, Fuzzy set.

Track: I Session: 6

Bio-Electronics and Medical Imaging



LPG-PCA ALGORITHM AND SELECTIVETHRESHOLDING BASED AUTOMATEDMETHOD: ALL & AML BLAST CELLSDETECTION AND COUNTING

Rupsa Bhattacharjeea andMonisha Chakrabortyb

School of Bio-Science & Engineering, Jadavpur University,Kolkata- 700032, West Bengal, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

In this paper, an automated method is designedto detect Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) andAcute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) blast cells from hu-man microscopic blood cell images. The developedmethod comprises of four basic modules. The de-noising module performs two staged noise reduc-tion using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) andLocal Pixel Grouping (LPG). The contrast enhance-ment section includes colour space conversion andmorphological filtering based on pixel intensities. Inthreshold selection module, threshold value is deter-mined using two methods, namely, Edge sensitiveVariational Thresholding and Otsu’s Thresholding.Blast cells are segmented based on threshold valueobtained from these two methods. Morphologicaloperations and Connected Component Analysis areused to count the number of blast cells present in theimages. Finally a performance evaluation is carriedout in terms of accuracy based on a comparison ofnumber of blast cells detected by manual count andthose detected by this automated method.

Keywords: Acute leukemia, Accuracy, AML, ALL,Blast cells, Connected component analysis; Local

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pixel grouping, Otsu’s thresholding, PCA,Performance, Segmentation, Variationalthresholding.

CLASSIFICATION OF MOTOR IMAGERYBASED ON HYBRID FEATURES OFBISPECTRUM OF EEG

Simanta Bordoloi, Ujjal Sharmah andShyamanta M. Hazarika

Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, TezpurUniversity, Assam, India.

Of late, several studies have established the appli-cability of bispectrum technique for EEG signal anal-ysis. This paper explores hybrid features of bispec-trum for classification of motor imagery (MI). Fourdifferent MI is classified based two hybrid featuresof bispectrum through a RBF kernel support vectormachine.

Keywords: Electroencephalogram,Brain-Computer interfacing, Bispectrum, Supportvector machine.

VARIATION MITIGATION TECHNIQUE INSRAM CELL USING ADAPTIVE BODY BIAS

S. Kushwahaa, S. Prasadb and A. Islamc

Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering BirlaInstitute of Technology (Deemed University) Mesra, Ranchi,Jharkhand, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

This paper presents a circuit technique for design-ing a variability aware SRAM cell operable at nearthreshold region. The architecture of the proposedcell is similar to the standard 6T SRAM cell with theexception that DTMOS is used for the access FETsand DSBB (dynamically swapped body bias) schemeis used for feedback and feed-forward inverters ofthe cell. In this work, various design metrics of theproposed design are assessed and compared withconventional 6T at iso-device area.

Keywords: Variability, SRAM, RSNM, RDF, DIBL.

A ROBUST TECHNIQUE FOR DELINEATIONAND FEATURES EXTRACTION OF ECGSIGNAL FROM MOBILE-PHONEPHOTOGRAPHY

Rupendra Nath Mitra1, Sucharita Mitra2,Sayak Pramanik3 andBidyut Baran Chaudhuri4

1Network Planning & Optimization, Nokia Siemens

Networks Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata, India.


2Department of Electronics, Netaji Nagar Day College,Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected]

3Department of Electronics & Communication, Institute ofEngineering and Management, Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected]

4Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition Unit, IndianStatistical Institute, Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected]

This paper reports the development of a softwaresuite to be accessed in future with any GeneralPacket Radio Service (GPRS) or High Speed PacketAccess (HSPA) enabled mobile phone or PersonalDigital Assistant (PDA) for the extraction and analy-sis of disease-related features from the photographof paper based ECG records. In India and otherdeveloping countries, the cheaper paper based ECGmachines are prevalently used. In rural areas ofthese countries cardiac diseases are still the majorsilent killers due to the acute dearth of qualifiedcardiologists. One way of addressing this problemis Tele-medicine which necessitates an intelligentcardiac parameter extraction algorithm. In our bid toaddress this requirement, an algorithm is developedwith the help of few image processing techniques.Initially, the background noises i.e. the gridlinesare removed by thresholding technique. Applyingthe Sauvola method for adaptive image binarizationand subsequent morphological operations to getpure ECG signature on white background, this al-gorithm intelligently applies Bresenham’s line draw-ing algorithm to join the disjoined ECG signaturewhere required. Then thinning has been done forextraction of digital time-plane data and then Dis-crete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and water reser-voir based pattern recognition technique are sub-sequently used to delineate other important time-plane features for ECG interpretation.

Keywords: Bresenham line drawing algorithm,Discrete wavelet transform (DWT), ECG featureextraction, Sauvola binarization technique,Water reservoir technique.

RESTORATION OF DIGITALMAMMOGRAPHIC IMAGES CORRUPTEDWITH QUANTUM NOISE USING ANADAPTIVE TOTAL VARIATION (TV) BASEDNONLINEAR FILTER

Subodh Srivastava1,a, Neeraj Sharma1,b,R. Srivastava2,c and S. K. Singh2,d

1School of Biomedical Engineering, I. I. T. (BHU), Varanasi.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

2Department of Computer Engineering, I. I. T. (BHU),Varanasi. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

In this paper, we propose a total variation (TV)

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based filter adapted to the statistics of quantumnoise which follows Poisson distribution, for theenhancement and restoration of the digital mam-mographic images. The proposed method is de-veloped in a variational framework which reducesto a minimization problem. The proposed modelconsists of two terms viz. data fidelity term and reg-ularization function and to make a proper balancebetween these two terms during the filtering processa regularization parameter has been introduced. Fordigital implementations, the proposed model hasbeen discretized using finite difference schemes. Acomparative study of the proposed scheme has alsobeen performed with the other existing techniquesin terms of mean square error (MSE), peak signal-tonoise ratio (PSNR), correlation parameter (CP) andmean structure similarity index map (MSSIM).

Keywords: Quantum noise reduction, Totalvariation (TV), Digital mammographic images,Breast cancer detection, Poison noise.

SEGMENTATION OF MRI BRAIN IMAGESBY INCORPORATING INTENSITYINHOMOGENEITY AND SPATIALINFORMATION USING PROBABILISTICFUZZY C-MEANS CLUSTERINGALGORITHM

Sudip Kumar Adhikari1, J. K. Sing2,a,D. K. Basu2,b, M. Nasipuri2,c and P. K. Saha3

1Department of Computer Science & Engineering, NeotiaInstitute of Technology, Management & Science, Kolkata,India. E-mail: [email protected]

2Department of Computer Science & Engineering, JadavpurUniversity, Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

3Department of Electrical & Computer EngineeringUniversity of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.E-mail: [email protected]

Segmentation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)brain images is an important task to analyze tissuestructures of a human brain. Due to improper imageacquisition systems, MRI images are generally cor-rupted by intensity inhomogeneity (IIH) or intensitynonuniformity (INU). Conventional methods try tosegment MRI images using only spatial informationabout the distribution of pixel intensities and arehighly sensitive to noise and the IIH or INU. Thispaper presents a method to segment MRI brain im-ages by considering the INU and spatial informationusing fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm.Firstly, the INU of MRI brain image is correctedusing fusion of Gaussian surfaces. The individualGaussian surface is estimated independently overthe different homogeneous regions by consideringits center as the center of mass of the respective ho-mogeneous region. Secondly, the IIH corrected im-age is segmented using probabilistic FCM algorithm,

which considers spatial features of image pixels. Theexperiments using 3D synthetic phantoms and real-patient MRI brain images reveal that the proposedmethod performs satisfactorily.

Keywords: MRI images, INU or bias field, FCMalgorithm.


Antenna Arrays



DESIGN OF QUAD BAND 2×2 PLANARMICROSTRIP ARRAY

A. K. Gautam1,a, Sudarshan Joshi1,Rohit Negi1 and Binod Kr Kanaujia2

1Dept. of Electronics and Comm. Engg., G. B. PantEngineering College, Pauri Garhwal (UK), India-246 194.E-mail: [email protected]

2Dept. of Electronics and Comm. Engg., AIAC Technologies& Research, Geeta Colony, Delhi-110031, India.E-mail: [email protected]

The design of a planar 22 array for multibandoperation is proposed and investigated. A 22 pla-nar array is fabricated and simulated in which adefected ground structure rectangular patch withdual inverted L-shaped protrudent strip fed with across shaped strip line used as an radiating ele-ment. The H-shaped feeding network used to feeda quad-element block in place of regular corpo-rate feed to increase the gain and bandwidth ofthe patch antenna elements. Measured impedancebandwidths of the quad band 22 planer microstriparray are about 445 MHz at first band (2.08–2.53GHz), 150 MHz at second band (3.25–3.4 GHz),150 MHz at third band (3.73–3.88 GHz) and 840MHz at forth band (4.59–5.45 GHz), with radiationpatterns and gains of the array remaining nearlyconstant over these bandwidths. The directivity ofquad band planar array about 5.2, 12.99, 10.12,and 11.74 dB are obtained at the I, II, III and IVresonant frequency, respectively.

Keywords: Microstrip array, Quad Band,Defected ground structure, Protrudent L-strip,H-type feeding network.

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COMBINATION OF FFT AND FIREFLYALGORITHM FOR SYNTHESIS OFRECONFIGURABLE RECTANGULAR ARRAYWITH CIRCULAR BOUNDARY

A. Chatterjeea and G. K. Mahantib

Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur,India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

An efficient method based on FFT is presented forgenerating dual radiation pattern of pencil/flat-topbeam-pair from a single rectangular planar arrayby modifying the excitation phases of the array ele-ments while sharing common amplitudes. The com-mon amplitudes shared by both the patterns and thephases which play the role of turning between thetwo patterns when updated over zero phase amongthe elements are computed using Firefly Algorithm(FA).

Keywords: Particle swarm optimization (PSO)algorithm, Fast fourier transform (FFT), Fireflyalgorithm (FA), Rectangular planar array, Peaksidelobe level (peak SLL).

MUTUAL COUPLING REDUCTION OFMICROSTRIP ANTENNA ARRAYS USINGRECTANGULAR SPLIT RING SHAPEDDEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURE

Bhupesh Mukherjeea, Susanta Kr. Paruib andSantanu Das

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication

Engineering, Bengal Engineering and Science University,Shibpur, Howrah – 711 103, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

In this paper a study on reduction of mutual couplingof two element microstrip antenna array with rect-angular split ring shaped defected ground structure(DGS) is presented. The proposed DGS antenna issimulated by MOM based IE3D simulation software.An observation is made on S12 by changing thedimension of the defects and distance between theantenna array elements. The proposed antenna hasa maximum 13.54 dB reduction of mutual couplingwhile dimension of DGS and distance between an-tenna elements are properly optimized. This an-tenna array is operated at 2.4 GHz with a gain of7.01 dBi in the broadside direction.

Keywords: Mutual coupling, Microstrip antennaarray, Defected ground structure (DGS).

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OFOPTIMUM UNIFORM AND NON-UNIFORMSPACING OF CIRCULAR ANTENNA ARRAYS

Gopi Ram1,a, Anik Biswas1,b,Durbadal Mandal1,c, Rajib kar1,d andSakti Prasad Ghoshal2

1Department of ECE, National Institute of Technology,Durgapur. India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected]

2Department of EE, National Institute of Technology,Durgapur. India. E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper, comparative study of performance ofradiation pattern with optimum non-uniform cur-rent amplitude excitations weights and optimumuniformly spaced circular array is compared withoptimum non-uniform current amplitude excitationswith optimum non-uniformly spaced circular array.The method of reduction of radiation pattern ofa circular antenna array is hashed out using realcoded Genetic Algorithm (RGA). Circular array an-tennas lying on x-y plane is assumed. The arrayis assumed to have the maximum radiation alongpositive z- axis. Single and multiple nulls are im-posed by optimizing the current amplitude excita-tions and optimizing inter-element spacing of eachelement through RGA. Various simulated results arepresented and hence performance of the radiationpattern is analyzed.

Keywords: Circular array antennas, First nullbeamwidth, Side lobe level, Real coded geneticalgorithm.

ANTENNA ARRAY SYNTHESIS BYIMPLEMENTING NON-UNIFORMAMPLITUDE USING FUZZY LOGIC

Sanmoy Bandyopadhyaya, Hiranmay Mistrib

and B. Majic

Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur,India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

This paper deals with a scheme of Antenna arraysynthesis by varying amplitude using Fuzzy logic.Here it has been tried to get new radiation pattern ofthe antenna array by changing the amplitude of theantenna array elements. Spacing between the ele-ments of the antenna array and the correspondingphase - shift is given to the input of the Fuzzy logiccontroller and corresponding defuzzified values ofamplitude is obtained at the output of the controller.Putting the new values of amplitude to the eachand every element, the new radiation pattern will beobtained. This method can be used for the reduction

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of the Side Lobe Level (SLL) of the antenna radiationpattern to a certain extent where the exact values ofthe spacing and phase – shift is not known.

Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Antenna array, Side lobelevel, Fuzzification, Defuzzificatin, Arrayradiation rattern, Fuzzy logic controller.


Microstrip and Other Antennas



COMPACT CIRCULARLY POLARIZEDMICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH DIFFERENTGEOMETRIES OF GROUND PLANE

Preety Soama, L. Lolit Kumar Singhb,Geeta Goswamic and S. R. Talukdard

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,Mizoram University, Tanhril Aizawl-796004, Mizoram,India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected]

This paper describes the design and analysis of acompact Circularly polarized (CP) microstrip anten-nas for using a coaxial probe feed with differentgeometry cut on both patch and ground plane.The proposed compact CP design can have anoperating frequency reduction of about 11.02%,and 23.7% respectively for two different designedas compared to the reference conventional corner-truncated square microstrip antenna of the samesize without any slits on patch and ground plane.Simulation results with antenna design are pre-sented and discussed.

Keywords: Square microstrip antenna, Slits,Gain, Circular polarization.

STUDY OF DIPOLE ANTENNACHARACTERISTIC USING DIFFERENTNUMERICAL METHODS

Md. Faruk Ali1 and Sudhabindu Ray2

1Dept. of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering, NazrulCentenary Polytechnic, Rupnarayanpur, Burdwan-713 335,India. E-mail: faruk−[email protected]

2Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering,Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Segmented Finite Difference in Time Domain(SFDTD) method has been applied to carry out in-vestigation at the frequency range from 500 MHzto 3.5 GHz on a pair of half wave resonant dipoleantennas of each having length equal to 14.5 cm

and separated by a distance of 20.0 cm placedin free space. One of the antennas is acting as aTransmitter (Tx) while the other as a Receiver (Rx).The objective of this study is to obtain scatteringparameters S11 and S21 of Tx-Rx pair using SFDTDmethod and compared that with FDTD and IE3Dmethods. Comparison shows a good agreement ofthe results obtained by SFDTD method with that ofFDTD and IE3D methods.

Keywords: Antenna pair, FDTD, IE3D, SFDTD.

FAST AND ACCURATE MODEL TOCOMPUTE THE RESONANT FREQUENCY OFTRIANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA ONSUSPENDED AND COMPOSITESUBSTRATES

M. Dam1 and M. Biswas2

1Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engg., HooghlyEngineering and Technology College, Hooghly, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2Department of Electronics & Tele-CommunicationEngineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected]

To accurately compute the resonant frequency ofan equilateral triangular patch antenna (ETPA) oncomposite and suspended substrate simple CADformulae based on cavity model has been proposed.The present model is very simple, fast, accurate andvalid for wide range of permittivity and thickness ofcomposite and suspended substrate as well as singlesubstrate patch antenna. This is for first time effect ofcomposite and suspended substrate on the resonantfrequency of an ETPA has been investigated. So,we have employed commercial softwares (HFSS andCFDTD) to validate the present model for triangularpatch antenna on composite and suspended sub-strate. Our computed values of a triangular patchon single substrate are compared with different the-oretical and experimental values available in openliterature and the present model shows very closeagreement with the experimental results.

Keywords: Triangular patch, Resonant frequency,Composite, Suspended.

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HIGH GAIN COMPACT RECTANGULARMICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA USINGSUBSTRATE INTEGRATED ARTIFICIALDIELECTRIC

Anindya Ghosha, Binay Kumar Sarkarb andArijit Dec

Department of Electronics & Electrical CommunicationEngineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpur-721302, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designedby using substrate integrated artificial dielectric(SIAD). A periodic structure, design by hollow cop-per cylinders to create effective media. Relativelystrong paramagnetic media is introduced by thisSIAD structure. In this work effective permeabil-ity higher than effective permittivity. Characteristicsimpedance is also increased due to this strong para-magnetic effect. Parametric variation of this SIADstructure and its effect on antenna performance isinvestigated. Gain of designed antenna is increasedby 95.8% and also 34% compactness is achieved bythis moderated SIAD structure.

Keywords: Artificial dielectric, High gain,Miniaturization, Patch antenna, Periodicstructure, Strongly paramagnetic.

DUAL BAND MICROSTRIP PATCHANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONSAT 5.2 GHZ AND 5.8 GHZ USING CSSRR

Kumar Goodwilla, Parth C. Kalariab,Ramesh Patelc, Jagannath Malik, A. Patnaikd

and M. V. Kartikeyane

Department of Electronics & Computer Engineering, IndianInstitute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee 247 667, Uttarakhand, India.E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected]

This prototype antenna design was targeted forWiMAX applications at 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Patchantenna size reduction is achieved in this work. Torealize a dual band operation for WiMAX applicationat 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHZ, ground plane loaded withCSSRR has been proposed. The proposed antennaprovides good flexibility on selection of dual fre-quency operation by modifying dimension of CSSRRand patch. The antenna was designed using CST V.9simulator.

Keywords: Microstrip patch antenna, Dual bandapplication, Metamaterials.

THE EFFECT OF COMPOSITE ANDSUSPENDED SUBSTRATE ON RESONANTRESISTANCE OF CIRCULAR MICROSTRIPPATCH ANTENNA

Sourav Banika and Manotosh Biswasb

Dept. of Electronics & Tele-Communication Engineering,Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

This paper presents a simple and accurate cavitymodel based on CAD design tool to investigatethe effect of composite and suspended substrate onresonant resistance, feed reactance and total qualityfactor of a circular microstrip patch antenna (CMPA).The computed values employing the present modelare compared with the previously reported experi-mental results and the values of commercial soft-ware (HFSS and IE3D). The proposed model showsclose approximation to the experimental results andwith the available software (HFSS and IE3D). Thismodel is very useful for designing the MIC on semi-conductor materials with ξr ≥ 10.

Keywords: Composite, Suspended, Inputimpedance, Microstrip, Computer aided design(CAD).

A CPW-FED UWB MONOPOLE-LIKE SLOTANTENNA

Manoj K. Shrivastava1,a, A. K. Gautam1 andAmit Kumar Singh2

1Deptt of Electronics & Comm Engg, G. B. Pant EngineeringCollege Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand-246 194, India.


2Deptt of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute ofTechnology, BHU, Varanasi -210005, India.

A simple and compact coplanar wave guide (CPW)-fed ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole-like slot an-tenna is presented. The proposed antenna consistsof a monopole-like slot and a CPW circular patchwith feeding stub structure, which is etched onto anFR4 printed circuit board (PCB) with an overall sizeof 25 mm× 25 mm×1.6 mm. The simulation resultsshows consistent radiation patterns and impedancebandwidth over an entire operating frequency from3.1 10.7 GHz.

Keywords: CPW-fed, Monopole, Slot and UWBantenna.

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Applied Electromagnetics



DESIGN AND IMPROVEMENT OFBANDWIDTH OF A COMPACT AND WIDEBAND REJECTION FILTER

Somdotta Roy Choudhury,Susanta Kumar Parui and Santanu Das

Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur,Howrah-711103.

A novel bandstop filter (BSF) structure is proposedfor wideband and compact circuit applications. Firstof all the parametric study of the single unit is done.The bandwidth is improved by cascading the unitsections with non-uniform dimensions and periods.This proposed filter is suitable for percentage band-width of 44%. This filter is a very much compactas compared to the shunt-stub and coupled-linebandstop filters since the structure is limited in 50ohm microstrip line width.

Keywords: Spur line, Bandstop filter,Non-Uniform period.

ADAPTIVE NEURO FUZZY INFERENCESYSTEM FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OFBEHAVIOR OF FRACTAL ANTENNA

J. Bala Krishna1. P. Parvathi2 and N. Latha3

1Electrical Dept, JSPM’S BSIOTR College of Engg., Wagoli,Pune. E-mail: [email protected]

2E&TC Dept, Dole Patil College of Engg., Ubale Nagar,Pune. E-mail: [email protected]

3Research Scholar, JPNCE, Mahboobnagar.E-mail: [email protected]

This paper presents an Adaptive neuro-fuzzy infer-ence system (ANFIS) that helps to approximate thecharacteristics of an Ultra wideband fractal antenna,quickly and with more accuracy. The optimization ofan antenna with respect to various parameters usingfull wave analysis techniques takes more computa-tional time, whereas, the simulations conducted bythe author reveal that, a trained ANFIS based onLeast Square Estimator and Back propagation gra-dient descent algorithm surpasses the time-tediousrepetitive simulations, by approximating its own be-havior, and makes the calculation easy and swift.The simulated results of High Frequency StructureSimulator (HFSS) are employed in creating an opti-mized model of a fractal antenna using ANFIS.

After training ANFIS model, the simulated resultsobtained are compared with the results of HFSS,and they are found to be in close agreement within

the deviation of 1.5525%. Thus ANFIS is found tobe an effective alternate to full wave analysis inOptimizing the Impedance Bandwidth and radiationpattern of Antenna.

Keywords: Antenna, Fractal antenna, CPW-fed,Ultra wideband, Full wave analysis, Neuralnetworks and Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inferencesystem.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OFBEAMFORMING TECHNIQUES USING LMSAND SMI ALGORITHMS IN SMARTANTENNAS

S K Imtiaj1, Iti Saha Misra2 andRathindranath Biswas3

1ECE, Techno India Engg., College, Salt Lake, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2Dept. of ETCE, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, India.E-mail: [email protected]

3ETCE, A. J. C. Bose Polytechnic, Berachampa, India.E-mail: [email protected]

This paper, we presents a comparative study be-tween the Least Mean Square (LMS) and SampleMatrix Inversion (SMI) algorithms and their appli-cation to the smart antenna optimization. The per-formance of the LMS and SMI algorithms is studiedby varying its different parameters in beamformingand null steering problems. Null steering along withmultiple interference signals is also done. The twoalgorithms are compared for null depth, multipleinterference, maximum sidelobe level and rate ofconvergence.

Keywords: Digital beamforming, Adaptivealgorithms, LMS and SMI.

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON PERFORMANCEOF A 2.45 GHZ WEARABLE ANTENNA INTHE VICINITY OF HUMAN BODY

S. Sankaralingama, Sayantan Dharb andBhaskar Guptac

Department of Electronics and TelecommunicationEngineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], cgupta−[email protected]

Impedance and radiation characteristicsof 2.45 GHz wearable antennas in close proximityto a human body are studied in this paper. Threerectangular microstrip antennas namely wash cottonantenna, polyester antenna and polyester combinedcotton antenna are considered in this preliminarystudy. Each of these three antennas is assumedto be placed in the vicinity of human torso withan air gap of 1 mm between torso and antenna.In this study, the human torso has been modeled

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as a lossy medium of fluid with permittivity andconductivity close to human torso at a frequencyof 2.45 GHz. The results obtained indicate that thewearable antenna can provide required impedanceand radiation characteristics even when it is placedin the vicinity of human body.

Keywords: Wearable antenna, Body-wornantenna, Antenna in close proximity to humanbody, Textile antenna, WLAN antenna.


Machine Learning and Bioinformatics



NOVEL APPROACH TO POWER SPECTRUMESTIMATION OF DNA SEQUENCE BYPRONY’S METHOD

M. Roy1 and S. Barman(Mandal)2

1The Calcutta Technical School, Govt. of W.B., 110,S.N.Banerjee Road, Kolkata-700013.E-mail: dipamani−[email protected]

2Institute of Radio Physics & Electronics, University ofCalcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata-700 009.E-mail: [email protected]

Digital Spectral Analysis of DNA sequence usingAR Models have long been proved to be supe-rior to classical Fourier Transform techniques. Hereauthors have applied a special case of all-polemodel using Prony’s method to DNA sequence fromvarious Chromosomes for Power Spectral Density(PSD) estimation in order to identify protein-codingregions. A quaternary mapping method comprisingreal and imaginary values towards nucleotide baseshas been employed. The simulation results obtainedby Prony’s model clearly show the demarcationbetween coding and non-coding regions of DNAsequence.

Keywords: Parametric, Classical, Auto-regressive,Power spectral density, Codon.

A NOVEL INTERPOLATION BASEDMISSING VALUE ESTIMATION METHODTO PREDICT MISSING VALUES INMICROARRAY GENE EXPRESSION DATA

Shilpi Bose1,a, Chandra Das1,b, Sourav Dutta2,c

and Samiran Chattopadhyay2,d

1Department of CSE & Engg., NSEC, Kolkata, 700 152,India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

2Department of CSE & Engg., Department of IT NSEC,

Kolkata, 700 152, India, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700092, India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

Microarray experiments can generate data sets withmultiple missing expression values, normally dueto various experimental problems. Unfortunately,many algorithms for gene expression analysis re-quire a complete matrix of gene array values asinput. Thereore, effective missing value estimationmethods are essential to minimize the effect ofincomplete data sets on analysis, and to increasethe range of data sets to which these algorithmscan be applied. In this regard, a new interpolationbased imputation method is proposed to predictmissing values in microarray gene expression data.The proposed method selects a subset of similargenes and a subset of similar samples with respectto each missing position and then applies interpo-lation in a novel manner to predict that missingvalue. The performance of the proposed method isstudied based on the normalized root mean squareerror with existing estimation techniques includingK-nearest neighbor (KNN), Sequential K-nearestneighbor (SKNN) and Iterative K-nearest neighbor(IKNN). The effectiveness of the proposed method,along with a comparison with existing methods, isdemonstrated on different microarray data sets.

Keywords: Microarray, Missing value estimation,Interpolation.

TO PREDICT POSSIBLE PROFIT/LOSS OF AMOVIE TO BE LAUNCHED USING MLPWITH BACK-PROPAGATION LEARNING

Debaditya Barman1,a, Nirmalya Chowdhury1,b

and Rupesh Kumar Singha2

1Department of Computer Science and EngineeringJadavpur University, Kolkata - 700032, IndiaE-mail: [email protected],bnirmalya−[email protected]

2Sikim Manipal University, Kolkata - 700032, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Film industry is the most important component ofentertainment industry. Both profit and loss are veryhigh for this business. Like every other business,business prediction system plays a vital role for thisindustry. Before release of a particular movie, ifthe Production Houses or distributors get any typeof prediction that how the film will do business,then it will be very useful to reduce the risk of theinvestors. In this paper we have proposed a methodusing back propagation neural network for predic-tion about a given movie’s profitability. Note that, asimilar such method has been successfully appliedin the field of Stock Market Prediction, WeatherPrediction and Image Processing.

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Keywords: Film industry, Movie genre, Artificialneural network, Back-propagation learning.

WEIGHTED MULTI-CLASS SUPPORTVECTOR MACHINE FOR ROBUST FACERECOGNITION

Shiladitya Chowdhury1, Jamuna Kanta Sing2,a,Dipak Kumar Basu2,b and Mita Nasipuri2,c

1Department of Master of Computer Application TechnoIndia, Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected]

2Department of Computer Science & Engineering JadavpurUniversity Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

This paper presents a novel scheme for face recog-nition using Weighted Multi-class Support VectorMachine (WMSVM). Support Vector Machine (SVM)is well-known powerful tool for solving classifica-tion problem. Weighted Support Vector Machines(Weighted SVM) are extension of the SVM. It hasbeen seen that different input vectors make differentcontribution to the learning of a decision surface.Therefore, different weights are assigned to differentdata points, so that the Weighted SVM trainingalgorithm learns the decision surface according tothe relative importance of data points in the trainingdata. In our proposed WMSVM, probabilistic methodis used for weight generation. The generalized two-dimensional Fisher’s linear discriminant (G-2DFLD)-based facial features are applied on the proposedWMSVM for recognition. The experimental resultson UMIST and AR face database show that theproposed Weighted Multi-class SVM yields higherrecognition rate than standard Multi-class SVM.

Keywords: Generalized two-dimensional FLD,Feature extraction, Face recognition, Weightedmulti-class SVM.

A NEW APPROACH FOR DYNAMICECONOMIC DISPATCH USING IMPROVEDBACTERIAL FORAGING ALGORITHM

D. P. Dash1, M. Basu2,a and J. Pattanaik2,b

1Electrical Engg. Dept., Orissa Engg. College,Bhubaneswar. E-mail: [email protected]

2Power Engg. Dept., Jadavpur University, Kolkata.E-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]

This article presents a novel optimization approachto constrained dynamic economic dispatch (DED)problem using the Improved Bacterial Foraging Al-gorithm (IBFA). The proposed methodology easilytakes care of different constraints like transmissionlosses, ramp rate limits, generator constraints andnon-smooth cost functions. To illustrate its efficiencyand effectiveness, the developed BFA approach is

tested with different number of generating unitsand comparisons are performed with those obtainedfrom various hybrid methods.

Keywords: Dynamic economic dispatch, Bacterialforaging, Ramp rate constraint, Valve-pointloading introduction.


Control and Power Engineering



DISCRETE HILBERT TRANSFORM ASMINIMUM PHASE TYPE FILTER FOR THEFORECASTING AND THECHARACTERIZATION OF WIND SPEED

S. Mukhopadhyay1, Paritosh Bhattacharya2,R. Bhattacharjee3 and P.K.Bose4

1Project Assistant in Physical Sciences Department, IISER,Kolkata.

2Head of the Computer Science & Engineering Department,NIT-Agartala. E-mail: p−[email protected]

3Asst. Prof. in ECE Department, CIEM, Kolkata.

4Director, N.I.T, Agartala.

Discrete Hilbert Transform is generally used for theCommunication Engineering Purpose. This paper in-troduces a new concept for wind speed characteriza-tion & forecasting by using DHT as Minimum Phasetype Filter in the field of Wind Engineering. Weknow that the electric field of the Electromagneticwave is perpendicular to the ground. Due to thepolarization effect between the vertical electric fieldof the electromagnetic wave and horizontal discretewind particles, 90 phase delay occurs. Due to thisreason in this paper, we introduce a concept ofDiscrete Hilbert Transform (DHT), which is a 90

phase shifter, for the characterization and forecast-ing of the Wind speed. In Winter due to less con-vection process the agitation between discrete windparticles are less, so the phase deflection betweendiscrete wind particles are negligible. As a resultexact 90 phase shift occurs due to polarization, soDHT can easily be applicable. The problem occursin Summer, where due to high convection processthe agitation between discrete wind particles arehigh, so the phase deflection occurs between thediscrete wind particles, as a result we don’t havethe exact phase shift of 90. The solution of thisproblem is done here by introducing the conceptof DHT as Minimum Phase type Filter for the WindSpeed characterization and forecasting.

Keywords: Wind Speed, Discrete HilbertTransform, Minimum phase type filter.

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ELECTRONIC REMOTE LAB

Keshavamurthy1, Dharmishtan K Varughese2

and N. J. R Muniraj3

1Department of ECE, Atria Institute of TechnologyBangalore, India-560024.E-mail: keshavamurthy−[email protected]

2Department of ECE, Karpagam College of Engineering,Coimbatore, India.

3Tejaa Shakthi IT for Women, Coimbatore, India.

The overall goal of engineering education is toprepare students to practice engineering and, inparticular, to deal with natural forces and mate-rials. Thus, from the earliest days of engineeringeducation, instructional laboratories have been anessential part of undergraduate programs. Physicalexperiments allow learners to ascertain that mathe-matical models correspond with nature and to studythe limitations of these models. Experiments andpractical projects also provide the framework forstudents to learn to cope with real-world problemsand gain hands-on experience.

The engineering education has lagged behindsome other fields in adopting online methodologies,because the hands-on laboratories are an essentialpart of an engineering program and they are no-tably difficult to provide online. It is well-known thatthe knowledge and skills developed in laboratoryare important aspects of engineering education.

The prototype of Remote lab was implementedon PIC microcontroller. The Signal generated at thesource was transmitted to the distant remote nodeusing Zigbee protocol. The received signal was sub-jected to some signal conditioning techniques andafter processing was displayed on the CRO. Severaltest cases were carried out by varying the charac-teristics of the signal at the source, like amplitude,frequency, phase and the response was observedwith the corresponding changes being updated atthe receiver of the remote lab, displayed on CRO inreal time.

Keywords: Embedded, ZigBee, Remote lab,Wireless network.

ROUGH SET BASED MULTI-CLASS FAULTDIAGNOSIS OF INDUCTION MOTORUSING HILBERT TRANSFORM

Pratyay Konar1, Shekhar Bhawal1,Moumita Saha2, Jaya Sil2 andParamita Chattopadhyay1

1Department of Electrical Engineering, Bengal Engineeringand Science University, Shibpur, Howrah, India.

2Department of Computer Science, Bengal Engineering

and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah, India.

The paper proposes a Rough-set Theory basedmethodology for multi-class fault diagnosis of induc-tion motors using Hilbert Transform (HT). Dependingon the motor condition the vibration signals are as-sociated with unique predominant frequency com-ponents and instantaneous amplitudes. The axialvibration signals acquired through data acquisitionsystem are split into different mono-componentsusing Kaiser windowed FIR band pass filter. Sta-tistical features of the Hilbert coefficients obtainedfrom the mono-component signals are used as at-tributes for fault classification. Rough-set theory issuccessfully applied for dimensionality reduction ofthe attributes (by 67%) with almost no degradationof classification accuracy. The proposed Rough-set-Hilbert model eliminates the limitation of waveletbased fault diagnosis technique. The computationalefficiency of the proposed classifiers increase due toselection of most relevant features, even at a lowsampling frequency of 5120 Hz.

Keywords: Induction motor, Vibrationmonitoring, Hilbert transform, Rough-set.

GA APPLICATION TO OPTIMIZATION OFAGC IN TWO–AREA POWER SYSTEMUSING BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE

S. Biswasa and P. Berab

Department of Electrical Engineering, Kalyani Govt.Engineering College, West Bengal-741235, India.E-mail: [email protected],bpartha−[email protected]

This paper deals with load frequency control of aninterconnected reheat thermal system consideringbattery energy storage (BES) system. Area controlerror (ACE) is used for the control of power systemwith battery energy storage system. The controllersdesign problem is formulated as an optimizationproblem. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used tosearch for optimal settings of controller gains. Timedomain simulations are used to study the perfor-mance of the power system and BES system. Resultsreveal that BES meets requirements of real powerload and very effective in reducing the peak devia-tions of frequency and tie-power and also reducesthe steady state values of time error.

Keywords: Component, Automatic generationcontrol (AGC), Battery energy storage (BES),Genetic algorithm.

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A NOVEL APPROACH ANDIMPLEMENTATION OF ROBOT PATHPLANNING USING PARALLELPROCESSING ALGORITHM

M. C. Chinnaiah1,a, D. Sanjay1,b,P. Rajesh Kumar2 and T. Satya Savithri3

1Dept. of ECE, Padmasri Dr. B. V.Raju Institute ofTechnology, Narsapur, Medak, A.P, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

2Dept. of ECE, P.V.P. Siddhartha Institute of Technology,Vijayawada, A.P, India.

3Dept. of ECE, JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad,A.P, India.

This paper presents an algorithm for mobile robotpath planning to move in a freely spaced self servicecanteen environment. The robot finds the free spacepoints in the environment. Map of environment willbe constructed after exploration. The model of theenvironment is updated when obstacles appear anda new path of exploration is established by themobile robot according to the situation. Initially thepaths generated by the algorithm will be negotiablepaths. However, the robot chooses the appropriatepath as it acquires more knowledge about the envi-ronment. The architecture is generated for the algo-rithm through Xilinx synthesis tool and also makesuses of data from sensors for processing. It uses thedistance transform methodology to generate pathsfor the robot to execute. In particular, we presentan algorithm for parallel processing and generationof map by a mobile robot equipped merely withinexpensive ultrasonic sensors and a low-end FieldProgrammable Gate Array (FPGA) device.

Keywords: FPGA, Sensors, Parallel processing,Mapping.

NEURO-FUZZY BASED ADAPTIVE TRAFFICFLOW CONTROL SYSTEM

Md. Asif Iqbal1,a, Adiba Zahin1,b,Zainu Sadia Islam1,c and M. Shamim Kaiser2

1Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering,Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka,Bangladesh. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], czainu−[email protected]

2Institute of Information Technology, JahangirnagarUniversity, Dhaka, Bangladesh.E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper a Neuro-Fuzzy (NF) based traf-fic control system has been proposed which cantake intelligent decision based on present traf-fic condition. Here we have trained the AdaptiveNeuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) system byvariable traffic data and the output of this system

is compared with Fuzzy logic based and Fixed Timebased traffic control system. NF based traffic controlsystem has been found more efficient as the averagevehicular delay and the number of vehicles waitingin an intersection have been reduced.

ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OFVIBRATION OF 2-DOF MANIPULATOR

Sarika Bharilyaa andPriyabrata Chattopadhyayb

Advance Design and Optimization Group, CentralMechanical Engineering Research Institute,Durgapur-713209, India.E-mail: as−[email protected],bp−[email protected]

An experimental setup has been developed foranalysis and optimization of vibration of roboticmanipulator. A three link experimental robot ma-nipulator was designed and based on the developedCAD model a physical prototype was prepared usingthermosetting plastic material in 3D printing route.The end effecter position of 2-DOF serial link ma-nipulator is controlled by PC through the microcon-troller and vibrations were measured. Sensor datawas collected for several run of the manipulator andthen optimized for upward and downward throw ofend effecter.

Keywords: Serial manipulator, Vibrations of endeffector, Minimization of vibrations.


Advanced Communication I



MODIFIED I-V MODEL FOR DELAYANALYSIS OF UDSM CMOS CIRCUITS

Ashish Kumar Singh1, Jagannath Samanta2,a

and Jaydeb Bhaumik2,b

1Dept. of ECE, MNNIT Allahabad, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2Dept. ECE, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

This paper presents an I-V model for estimat-ing the drain current of a sub-90nm MOSFET inthe linear and saturation regions. The proposedmodel employs the dependencies of drain currenton channel width and the gate voltage. It is themodification of nth-power law model introduced bySakurai and Newton. Our model provides moreaccurate relationship between the channel length

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modulation and gate voltage in the saturation re-gion. New parameters are introduced for bettercharacterization of MOSFET drain current at lowerVGS and VDS. The new model is compared withModified Sakurai-Newton (MSN) current model andExtended-Sakurai-Newton (ESN) compact MOSFETmodel and it is found that the proposed model ismuch more accurate. The model provides preciseestimation of drain current as well as the delay ofCMOS inverter. The drain characteristics predictedby our model match with BSIM4 simulation with anaverage error of 1.33% for 90nm technology. Thedelay estimations of CMOS inverter using TannerEDA tool in 90nm technology have an average errorof 0.00867% and a maximum error of 0.00945%.

Keywords: CMOS Technology, CMOSFET circuits,UDSM (Ultra deep submicron technology),Current-voltage characteristics, MOSFETs,nth-power law, MSN model.

ANALYSIS OF CROSSTALK DELAY ANDPOWER DISSIPATION IN MIXED CNTBUNDLE INTERCONNECTS

Manoj Kumar Majumdera, B. K. Kaushikb,S. K. Manhasc and Jainender Kumard

Microelectronics and VLSI Group, Department ofElectronics and Computer Engineering, Indian Institute ofTechnology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

This research paper presents a comparative analy-sis of power and delay performance between dif-ferent bundled carbon nanotube (CNT) structures.An equivalent RLC model is developed for novelmixed CNT bundle structures that contains single-and multi-walled CNTs (SWCNTs and MWCNTs).Crosstalk delay and power dissipation have beencompared for these proposed structures of mixedCNT bundles. It has been observed that at an av-erage the power and delay performances are im-proved by 61.33% and 86.01% respectively for thenovel mixed bundle structure that contains SWCNTsand MWCNTs in equal halves in comparison tobundled SWCNT.

Keywords: Carbon nanotube (CNT), Mixed CNTbundle (MCB), Crosstalk, delay, Powerdissipation, Interconnects, VLSI.

CROSSTALK EFFECT IN COUPLEDINTERCONNECT LINES USING FDTDMETHOD

Shailesh Mittal1,a, B. K. Kaushik1,b,K. L. Yadav1,c, D. K. Sharma2 andM. K. Majumder1,d

1Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee -247667, India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected]

2National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, India.E-mail: d−k−[email protected]

Technological advancement below 65nm has re-sulted in high speed complex VLSI interconnects.As an essential design criterion, these high fre-quency interconnects require accurate analysis intime/frequency domain and crosstalk estimation.This research work employs the finite differencetime domain (FDTD) method for estimation of volt-ages and currents on coupled transmission line.Moreover, crosstalk delay in RLC interconnects isanalyzed using FDTD method. Both functional anddynamic crosstalk effects in coupled line config-uration are analyzed. Effect of line resistance ondelay is also evaluated. A linear resistive driveris used to drive distributed RLC transmission line.Encouragingly, analytical results for proposed FDTDmodel are in good agreement with HSPICE circuitsimulation results.

Keywords: Time domain, Crosstalk delay,Interconnects, Finite difference time domain(FDTD), Transmission line, VLSI.

DELAY METRIC FOR ON-CHIP RLCGINTERCONNECT FOR ARBITRARY INPUT

V. Maheshwari1, H. Jadav2, S. Majumdar3,J. Rakshit3, R. Kar3 and D. Mandal3

1Deptt. of ECE, School of Engineering and TechnologyApeejay Stya University, Gurgaon, Haryana., India.

2Deptt of ECE, Hindustan College of Science andTechnology, Mathura, U.P., India -281122.

3Deptt. of ECE, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur,West-Bengal., India.

In order to accurately model high frequency ef-fects inductance had been taken into consider-ation. Earlier only the delay caused due to thepresence of gates was considered to be an im-portant issue, but now with decreasing featuresize and increasing complexity, on chip intercon-nect delay has acquired prominence for incrementalperformance-driven layout synthesis. We develop anovel analytical delay model, for RLCG interconnectlines that in addition to preserving the effectivenessof previous RLCG interconnect models, improves the

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accuracy for deep submicron technologies that areused at higher frequencies. In this paper we haveput forward an analytical model, which could accu-rately capture the on chip interconnect delay. Wedevelop a novel analytical model based on the firstand second moments of the interconnect transferfunction when the input is arbitrary signal. Delayestimate using our first moment based analyticalmodel is within 3% of SPICE-computed delay, andmodel based on first two moments is within 2% ofSPICE, across a wide range of interconnects param-eter values.

Keywords: Delay calculation, RLCG tnterconnect,Moment matching, Arbitrary input.

AN ALGORITHM FACILITATING FAST BCDDIVISION ON LOW END PROCESSORSUSING ANCIENT INDIAN VEDICMATHEMATICS SUTRAS

Diganta Senguptaa, Mahamuda Sultanab andAtal Chaudhuric

Department of Computer Science and EngineeringJadavpur University, Kolkata – 700032, West Bengal, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

The last decade or two has witnessed a rapid evo-lution of the technological world with the introduc-tion of fast processors loaded with higher amountof cache memories. Accordingly, the system archi-tecture demanded better development to suit therising demand for the technological advancements.Miniaturizations of components and VLSI integrationhave given rise to bulk advanced memory chipsbeing grafted on even smaller amount of space thusgiving access to higher amount of physical memorywithin exhaust limits of average applications. Butthe low end processors having limited memory stillcrave for fast applications, which are slowly goingout of bounds for these devices due to the spaceand time complexity. The four elementary opera-tions – addition, subtraction, multiplication and di-vision form the basis for any type of application.Out of the four, the latter one, namely division, isa highly expensive and time consuming operation.This paper proposes a fast division algorithm basedon Ancient Indian Vedic Mathematics Sutras for lowend processors having limited memory. The noveltyof the algorithm is that it requires a very smallamount of memory for execution but performs thedivision mechanism much faster than the conven-tional division algorithms in literature, and is equallysuitable for high end processors also. The algorithmhas been tested on conventional mid range desktopprocessors and has furnished results with numbershaving number of bits greater than 50 (15 digitnumbers), the upper ceiling of computable numbers

for conventional algorithms. It has been observedthat the Vedic Division Algorithm can divide numbershaving up to 38 digits (127 bits) in the present form,if modified it can divide even bigger numbers.

Keywords: Vedic division algorithm, Divisionalgorithm, Fast division algorithm, Low endprocessors.

DESIGN OF LOW POWER AND HIGHSPEED RIPPLE CARRY ADDER USINGMODIFIED FEEDTHROUGH LOGIC

Sauvagya Ranjan Sahoo1 andKamala Kanta Mahapatra2

Department of Electronics & Communication Engg.,Gandhi Institute For Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Department of Electronics & Communication Engg.,

National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.E-mail: [email protected]

This paper presents the design of a low powerand high performance circuit using a new CMOSdomino logic family called feedthrough logic (FTL).Feedthrogh logic improves the performance of arith-metic circuit by performing partial evaluation in itscomputational block before its input signals arevalid. FTL improves the speed of arithematic circuitsalong with more power consumption. The proposedmodified FTL achieves both reductions in averagepower consumption along with the improvement inspeed at the cost of area. A long chain of inverter(10-stage) and a 16-bit ripple carry adder is de-signed by the proposed modified feedthrough logic.Then a comparison analysis has been carried out bysimulating the logic circuits in 0.18 µm technology.The simulation shows that the proposed modifiedcircuit reduces the dynamic power consumption upto 45% along with a improvement in speed by afactor of 1.65.

Keywords: Feedthrough logic (FTL), DynamicCMOS logic circuit, Low-power, High speed,Ripple carry adder (RCA).

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Session: C

Microwave and Others



DESIGN OF 10 DB BRANCH LINE COUPLERBY USING DGS

Tamasi Moyra1, Arabinda Roy2,a,Susanta Kumar Parui2,b and Santanu Das2,c

1Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala.E-mail: tamasi−[email protected]

2Department of Electronics and TelecommunicationEngineering, Bengal Engineering and Science University,Shibpur, Howrah – 711 103, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

A new planar 10 dB loose branch line coupler isproposed for application to the 2.5 GHz centrefrequency. This proposed coupler is implementedwith rectangular ring headed dumbbell shaped De-fect Ground Structure (DGS) along with conven-tional microstrip transmission line. Design of thisconventional branch line coupler with DGS providesmore design flexibility. Using the DGS, increasesthe electrical length of microstrip line, provides slowwave characteristics and increases the impedance ofthe microstrip line. In this paper one required highimpedance microstrip line is implemented easily us-ing proposed DGS structure. Finally, the compactmicrostrip 10 dB loose coupler is designed.

Keywords: Branch line coupler, Defect groundstructure (DGS), 10 dB loose coupling, Microstripline.

DESIGN AND PERFORMANCEIMPROVEMENT OF LOWPASS FILTER BYUSING DEFECTED MICROSTRIP STRUCTURE

Rahul Sinhga and Tamasi Moyra

National Institute of Technology, Agartala Department ofElectronics and Communication Engineering.

In this paper, an elliptic-function lumped elementlowpass filter is proposed and designed. The pro-posed LPF provides cut-off frequency at 1GHz andattenuation pole at 1.06 GHz with good sharp-ness factor and negligible passband insertion loss.Finally, the attenuation bandwidth is improved bythe removal of spurious transmission peak which isoccurs at about 3.2 GHz using 50 ohm microstripline with spiral-Shape Defected Microstrip Struc-ture (DMS). The designed filter is useable in mod-ern microwave and millimeter wave communicationsystems.

Keywords: Elliptic function, Lowpass filter,Defected microstrip structure (DMS).

AN ANNULAR-RING SLOT ANTENNAWITH PAIR TRUNCATED CORNERS FOR CPOPERATION

A. K. Gautam1,a, Ajay Kumar1, Rohit Negi1

and Binod Kr Kanaujia2

1Dept. of Electronics and Comm. Engg., G. B. PantEngineering College Pauri Garhwal (UK), India-246 194.E-mail: [email protected]

2Dept. of Electronics and Comm. Engg., AIAC Technologies& Research Geeta Colony, Delhi-110031, India.E-mail: [email protected]

An annular-ring slot antenna with pair of slits andtruncated corner for CP operation is proposed. Theproposed antenna is fabricated and simulated toanalysed the radiation characteristic. Simulated re-sults show a good agreement with experimental re-sults. A pair of slits and truncated corners are used toenhance axial ratio bandwidth. Antenna also showsmuch larger CP bandwidths than earlier reportedresults. The measured impedance bandwidth and 3-dB Axial Ratio band width of the proposed antennaare 94.2% and 73.8%, respectively. The proposedantenna shows consistent return loss and radianpattern for entire frequency range.

Keywords: Annular ring slot antenna, Axial ratio,Bandwidth, Circular polarization, Microstripantenna.

OPTIMIZATION OF THINNED ELLIPTICALANTENNA ARRAYS USING PARTICLESWARM OPTIMIZATION

Rajesh Beraa and Jibendu Sekhar Royb

School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University,Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied to thethinning of elliptical antenna arrays of uniformlyexcited isotropic antennas which can generate di-rective beam with minimum relative side lobe level(SLL). Thinning of elliptical antenna arrays usingPSO are optimized with different values of eccen-tricity in all the cases and variation of side lobelevel with eccentricity of thinned antenna array isalso reported. It is found that changing eccentricityreduced values of side lobe level can be obtained.

Keywords: Thinned array, Particle swarmoptimization, Side lobe level.

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DESIGN OF THINNED ARRAYS USINGPARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION WITHDIFFERENTIALLY PERTURBED VELOCITY

Arindam Deb1,a, Bhaskar Gupta1 andJibendu Sekhar Roy2

1ETCE Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University,Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.E-mail: [email protected]

A hybridized optimization technique called particleswarm optimization with differentially perturbed ve-locity, is employed to two different types of thinnedantenna array design problems and the perfor-mance is compared with that of particle swarm op-timization and differential evolution. Two objectivesto be reduced are the side lobe level in principalplanes and the number of active elements. In thefirst case, thinning of a linear antenna array of100 isotropic elements is considered. In the secondcase, thinning of a planar antenna array of 10×10elements is considered.

Keywords: Particle swarm optimization,Differential evolution, Thinned arrays, Side lobelevel.

A HEXAGONAL SHAPED FRACTALANTENNA FOR UWB APPLICATION

Sonu Agrawala, Ravi Dutt Gupta andSantanu Kumar Beherab

Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela,India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

In this paper a hexagonal shaped monopole frac-tal antenna for UWB application is designed. Theproposed fractal-like geometry is implemented ona microstrip fed planar hexagonal monopole an-tenna. The iterated hexagonal fractal patch andmodified ground plane are employed to achievethe desired wideband characteristics. The simulatedresults show that the antenna has a good perfor-mance with 10dB-return loss in the frequency range2.64–6.96GHz that results in a fractional bandwidth(FBW) of 90%. A notch is also achieved by introduc-ing slits in ground plane. The simulated return loss,radiation patterns and gain of the proposed antennaare presented.

Keywords: Fractal, Monopole, Ultra wide band(uwb), Modified ground plane.

A CPW-FED MONOPOLE-LIKE SLOTANTENNA FOR UWB APPLICATIONS

Manoj Kr Shrivastava1, Amit Kr Singh1 andA. K. Gautam2

1Deptt. of Electronics Engineering, IIT-BHU, Varanasi,India.

2Deptt. of Electronics & Comm. Engg. G B Pant Engg.College, Pauri.

A CPW-fed monopole-like slot antenna for UWB ap-plications is presented. Simulations are carried outto investigate its return loss, radiation behaviour,and gain response. The antenna offers a 129.74%(3.1–14.6 GHz) impedance bandwidth. This pro-posed antenna is compact in size which dimension is25×25 mm. The proposed antenna shows the con-sistent impedance, return loss and radiation patternfor entire frequency band.

Keywords: CPW-fed, Monopole, Slot, and UWBantenna.

A CPW FED SLOT LOOP MINKOWSKIFRACTAL ANTENNA WITH ENHANCEDCHANNEL SELECTIVITY

Sayantan Dhar1,a, Sudipta Maity1,b,Bhaskar Gupta1,c, D. R. Poddar1,d andRowdra Ghatak2

1E.T.C.E. Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], cgupta−[email protected],ddrp−[email protected]

2E.C.E. Department, N.I.T. Durgapur, Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected]

A Minkowski fractal shaped CPW fed slot antennais proposed in this article. The primary objective ofthis paper is to obtain multiband characteristics withnarrow bandwidth. The proposed antenna radiateswith an omnidirectional pattern and may be utilizedfor wireless applications.

Keywords: CPW feed, Minkowski fractal,Multiband antenna.

SYNTHESIS OF COSEC2 PATTERN OFCIRCULAR ARRAY ANTENNA USINGGENETIC ALGORITHM

Debasis Mandal1 and A. K. Bhattacharjee2

1Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, Bengal College of Engineering and

Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India.

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2Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur,Durgapur, India. E-mail: [email protected]

A pattern synthesis method based on Genetic Algo-rithm (GA) is presented to generate a coses2 patternfrom a circular array of isotropic antennas. Thedesired pattern is obtained by finding out optimumset of elements amplitude and phase using GA.Result clearly show the effectiveness of the proposedmethod.

Keywords: Circular array, Cosec2 pattern,Genetic algorithm (GA), Shaped beam, Peaksidelobe level (peak SLL).

INSET FED RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIPPATCH ANTENNA WITH PARASITICELEMENT

Ashish Singha, J. A. Ansari, Kamakshi,Anurag Mishra and Mohd. Anessh

Department of Electronics and Communication, Universityof Allahabad, Allahabad, India.E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper, a dual frequency resonance antennais achieved by inset fed rectangular microstrip patchantenna with parasitic Element. It is analyzed byusing circuit theory concept in which theoreticalresult is compared with IE3D simulation. It is foundthat, the bandwidth of lower and upper resonancefrequency of simulated result are 1.01% and 2.42%,whereas for theoretical result are 1.83% and 3.43%respectively.

Keywords: Rectangular microstrip patch, Parasiticelements inset fed.

DESIGN OF AN EXTREMELY WIDEBANDMONOPOLE ANTENNA WITH TRIPLENOTCHES

Anumoy Ghosh andSekhar Ranjan Bhadra Chaudhuri

Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,Bengal Engineering and Science University,Howrah-711103, India.

Three notch bands are created in a CPW fed ex-tremely wideband printed monopole antenna toavoid interference from other existing systems whileproviding multiple wireless services. The base an-tenna shows 2:1 VSWR bandwidth from 1.6 Ghz toover 26 Ghz. By incorporating a slot on the patch,another slot on the ground plane and a T-shapedmetal strip at the back side of the substrate, threeband notches are introduced in the VSWR bandwidthto prevent interference from WLAN (3.5 Ghz and

5.2 Ghz) and C-band satellite communication sys-tems around 7.3 GHz. Gain remains fairly constantover the entire bandwidth with very low gain at thenotched bands.

Keywords: Extremely wideband, Monopole,VSWR, Band notch, WLAN, C-band satellitecommunication, Gain.

RANDOM S-BOX GENERATION IN AES BYCHANGING IRREDUCIBLE POLYNOMIAL

Indrajit Dasa, Sanjoy Royb,Subhrapratim Nathc and Subhash Mondald

Dept. of CSE & IT, Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology,Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected],dm−[email protected]

The S-Box and Inverse S-Box in the tradition advanceencryption standard is fixed and it is made by thecomposite field arithmatic to find the multiplicativeinverse in the finite field GF (28). But in traditionalAES the use of irreducible polynomial m(x) = x8+x4 + x3 + x +1 to find out multiplicative inverse,is known to the attacker. So if we can make useof different irreducible polynomial every time to thefinite field of GF (28) and send this the receivercombined with the secret key, then every time a newirreducible polynomial is used and a random S-Boxis generated. Hence, the security of the algorithmis enhanced. In this paper, we devise an algorithm,which make use of different irreducible polynomialto finite field of GF (28) to make random S-Box andInverse S-Box.

Keywords: Substitute bytes, S-Box, Inverse S-BoxMultiplicative inverse, Irreducible polynomial,Finite field.

STRENGTHENING SPN-TYPE BLOCKCIPHER ARCHITECTURE AGAINST FAULTATTACK

Satyajit Das1,a,b and Jaydeb Bhaumik2

1CRRAO AIMSCS, Hyderabad, AP, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

2Dept of Electronics and Communication Engg., HaldiaInstitute of Technology, WB, India.E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper a Substitution Permutation Network(SPN) type, symmetric-key block cipher architecturehas been proposed to strengthen it against faultattack. The proposed SPN type architechture em-ployes two different types of diffusion layers. Eachodd round contains eight parallel 16 bits diffusionlayer and each even round contains two parallel64 bits diffusion layer. Our architecture has been

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implemented in Spartan-3 FPGA xc3s5000 deviceand it provides a acceptable throughput of 866.538Mbps. In this work, first time two different typesof diffusion layer are used to strengthen SPN-typeblock cipher architecture against fault attack.

LOGARITHMIC FORMULA GENENERATEDSEED BASED CRYPTOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUEUSING PROPOSED ALPHANUMERICNUMBER SYSTEM AND RUBIK ROTATIONALGORITHM

Rajdeep Chowdhury1, Rajdeep Bose2,a,Nilanjan Sengupta2,b and Mallika De3

1Department of Computer Application, JIS College ofEngineering, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2Department of Information Technology, JIS College ofEngineering, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

3Department of Engineering and Technological Studies,University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.E-mail: [email protected]

The work presents the manner in which the Logarith-mic Formula Generated Seed Based CryptographicTechnique [LFGSCT] (de)ciphers the fragmentedplain text, maintaining certain modus operandi. Themodel formulation of the proposed technique hasbeen conceptualized and devised to generate arbi-trary sequence of characters, in order to engenderthe seed using the generated logarithmic formula.The impetus following seed generation is encryptionof the actual text based on the proposed Alphanu-meric Number System [ANS].

Portraying in a nutshell would emphasize thatthe actual text has been divided into blocks of tencharacters, ordered by the proposed number sys-tem. After the fragmentation, the encryption tech-nique continues with the use of the generated seed,followed by the proposed Rubik Rotation Algorithm[RRA], and engaged to randomize the encryptedtext. The concept fundamentally embodies the crisp-ness of the proposed technique. During the decryp-tion technique, the seed is retrieved from the ciphertext, and an effortless backtracking logic is pursuedto restore the actual text.

The proposed methodology can be used withutmost ease for both encryption and decryption ofany text at disposal. The proposed methodology willensure immense use during encryption of emails,which is enormously important as well as significantin data transfer and network security.

Keywords: Logarithmic formula, Seed,Alphanumeric number system, Rubik, Encryption,Decryption.

MONTE CARLO ANALYSIS TO ESTIMATETHE PERFORMANCE OF ADAPTIVE POWERCONTROL ALGORITHM FOR VARYINGTARGET SIR

C. R. Datta1, Abhirup Datta2, Dola Gupta3

and S. K. Chakravarty4

1Consultant, School Education Department, Government ofWest Bengal, Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected]

2NASA Post-Doctoral Fellow, University of Colorado,Boulder, Colorado, USA.E-mail: [email protected]

3Department of ECE, Narula Institute of Technology,Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected]

4Department of Education, Government of West Bengal,India. E-mail: [email protected]

In this paper we study the performance of two PowerControl algorithms: the Adaptive Standard PowerControl (ASPC) and the Standard Power Control(PCA) algorithms. Simulation of both algorithms isbeing done under three different network conditionsincluding the case with varying SIR target. In orderto achieve robust estimates of the performance wehave undertaken Monte-Carlo analysis of 500 runsfor each case. These results show that the perfor-mance ASPC is be better than PCA under the differ-ent network conditions considered in this paper. Allsimulations are done in MATLAB.

Keywords: Cellular networks, Mobilecommunication, Quality of service, Radiotransceivers.

AN APPROACH TO IDENTIFY THHAT OFINDIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC

Madhuchhanda Bhattacharyyaa andDebashis Deb

Department of Computer Science and Engineering,West Bengal University of Technology, BF-142, Sector 1,Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

Raag is formed from different and correct com-bination of notes depending on which the IndianClassical Music is defined. Thhat is the parent classof raag. All raags belong to thhat. In Indian Classicalmusic there are ten thhats. Each raag can be createdfrom any of the ten thhats. Each thhat consist ofspecial note structure. In this paper by using thenotes of a song, a procedure which can determinethe thhat to which that song belongs is proposed.

Keywords: Raag, Thhat, Note structure.

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DESIGNING A MICRO-HEATER WITHGENETIC ALGORITHM BASED OPTIMIZEDPARAMETERS AND STUDY ITSPERFORMANCE

B. Kantha1,a, S. Roy1,b, A. Ghosh2, A. Khan1,c,J. Bag1 and Subir Kumar Sarkar1,d

1Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],[email protected], dsu−[email protected]

2Dream Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700032, India.E-mail: [email protected]

The basic aim of this work is to predict the optimumvalues of the system parameters of a micro-heaterand to design the micro-heater with those optimizedparameters. The parameter optimization is done byemploying the Genetic Algorithm to get a bettermicro-heater having the features of consuming min-imum power, reasonable size and of attaining thedesired temperature at least time. The performanceof the micro-heater designed with the optimizedparameters is studied using simulation software (In-telsuit v8.2).

Keywords: MEMS, Micro-heater, Gas sensor,Genetic algorithm, Intellisuite v8.2.

Session: D

Machine Learning/Image Processing/Pattern

Recognition



AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF A.

PAEONIIFOLIUS SPECIES FROM DNAFINGERPRINTS OF AMORPHOPHALUS

GENUS

Anupam Banerjee1, Sumana Basu1,Orachorm Mekkerdchoo2,Georges Srzednicki3, MitaNasipuri1 andSubhadipBasu1,a

1Department of Computer Science & Engineering, JadavpurUniversity, Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected]

2Department of Food Technology, ChulalongkornUniversity, Bangkok, Thailand.

3School of Chemical Engineering, The University of NewSouth Wales, Sydney, Australia.

This work aims at designing a classificationsystem for automatic identification of A. paeoni-ifolius species from the DNA fingerprints ofAmorphophalus Genus. Four species, namely A.krausei, A.macrorhizusCraib, A. muelleri and A.paeoniifolius are considered for the experiment.

Reduction of the dimensionality of the initial datamatrix is done using Principal Component Anal-ysis (PCA). During training stage, Artificial Neu-ral Network based classifiers with back propaga-tion learning algorithm, are designed with 5-foldcross validation experiment. The classification per-formance of the trained networks, that a DNA fin-gerprint of an unknown species is A. paeoniifoiliusor not, are finally evaluated over an independentvalidation set.

Keywords: DNA fingerprint, PCA, ANN,Classification.

IMPROVING PREDICTION OF PROTEINFUNCTION FROM PROTEIN INTERACTIONNETWORK USING INTELLIGENTNEIGHBORHOOD APPROACH

Sovan Saha1,a, Piyali Chatterjee1,b,Subhadip Basu2,c, Mahantapas Kundu2,d andMita Nasipuri2,e

1Dept. of Computer Science & Engg, Netaji SubhashEngineering College, Garia Kolkata, India.E-mail: [email protected],bchatterjee−[email protected]

2Dept. of Computer Science & Engg., Jadavpur University,Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected]

Proteins are responsible for all biological activi-ties in a living object. With the advent of genomesequencing projects for different organisms, largeamounts of DNA and protein sequence data isavailable, whereas their biological function is stillun-annotated in the most of the cases. Predictingprotein function is the most challenging problemin post-genomic era. Using sequence homology,phylogenetic profiles, gene expression data, andfunction of un-annotated protein can be predicted.Recently, the large interaction networks constructedfrom high throughput techniques like Yeast2Hybridexperiments are also used in prediction of pro-tein function. Based on the concept that a proteinperforms similar function like its neighbor in pro-tein Interaction network, two methods are proposedto predict protein function from protein interactionnetwork using neighborhood properties. The firstmethod uses neighborhood approach and secondone is an intelligent technique which applies heuris-tic knowledge to find densely connected regions forbetter prediction accuracy. The overall match rateachieved in method-I is 95.8% and in method- II, itis 97.8% over 15 functional groups.

Keywords: Protein interaction network, Proteinfunction prediction, Functional groups,Neighbourhood ratio, Match rate.

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PROTEIN FUNCTION BY MINIMUMDISTANCE CLASSIFIER FROM PROTEININTERACTION NETWORK

Tania Chatterjee1,a, Piyali Chatterjee1,b,Subhadip Basu2, Mahantapas Kundu2,c andMita Nasipuri2,d

1Dept. Of Computer Science & Engg., Netaji SubhashEngineering College, Garia.E-mail: [email protected],bchatterjee−[email protected]

2Dept. Of Computer Science & Engg, Jadavpur University.E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

Protein are involved in every performed in a cell.Determining protein function using computationaltechnique is the most challenging problem in postgenomic era. Using sequence homology, phylo-genetic profiles, gene expression data function ofunknown protein can be predicted. Recently thelarge interaction networks are constructed fromhigh throughput techniques like yeast2hybrid ex-periments are also used in prediction of proteinfunction. Based on the concept that a protein per-forms similar function like its interacting protein, amethod is proposed using minimum distance clas-sifier which classifies the protein pairs with respectto the hypergeometric distribution and correlationcoefficient as the feature of distance function. Theoverall accuracy is achieved.

Keywords: PPI network, Hypergeometricdistribution, Correlation coefficient.

WAVELET BASED NOISE REDUCTION OFLIQUID LEVEL SYSTEM USING MINIMUMDESCRIPTION LENGTH CRITERION

Rimi Paul1 and Anindita Sengupta2

1EE Department, University Institute of Technology,The University of Burdwan, Golapbag (North),

Burdwan-713104, West Bengal.E-mail: [email protected]

2EE Department, Bengal Engineering and ScienceUniversity, Shibpur Botanic Garden, Howrah-711103, WestBengal. E-mail: [email protected]

The purpose of this paper is to employ waveletbased noise removal technique for Liquid level sys-tem (LLS) to remove the measurement noise fromdifferential pressure transmitter (DPT) output indi-cating the level of a process tank via discrete wavelettransform (DWT). The choice of which wavelet touse for denoising is of critical importance becausethe wavelet affects reconstructed signal quality andthe design of the system as a whole. The minimumdescription length criterion permits to select not onlythe suitable wavelet filter but also the best number

of wavelet retained coefficients for signal recon-struction. The hard thresholding methods typicallyretain a very small number of coefficients, and theresults are often smoothed. By retaining a slightlylarger amount of coefficients and shrinking them,the soft thresholding methods usually give betterresults than the hard thresholding methods to de-noise any signal. The available response is com-pared with that of conventional Butterworth filteringmethod.

Keywords: Liquid level system, Discrete wavelettransform, MDL, De-noise.

MEASURES TO IMPROVE CROPCLASSIFICATION USING REMOTELYSENSED HYPERION HYPERSPECTRALIMAGERY

Hasmukh J. Chauhan1 and B. Krishna Mohan2

1Research Scholar, CSRE, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2Associate Professor, CSRE, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Hyperion- a hyperspectral sensor is carried onNASA’s EO1 satellite. This study was carried outfor Lonar area of Jalna district, Maharashtra usingdata of January 2008. Hyperion data contains 242spectral bands ranging from 356 to 2577 nm outof which 196 calibrated bands (bands: 8-57 and79-224) are used for further processing. Level 1product (.L1R) for which only radiometric correctionwas applied is used for this study. To get the com-plete advantage of hyperspectral data atmosphericcorrection is essential. FLAASH, a very effective codefor hyperspectral data available in ENVI is appliedfor atmospheric correction. The atmospherically cor-rected image contains 168 bands after removingabsorption bands. As a first measure principal com-ponent and band correlation analysis based spectralsubset is applied for optimum band selection forvegetation application. Field study was conductedin January 2009 to collect field spectra. Spectrallibrary was built for major three crops of the studyarea i.e. chana, jawar and wheat by spectra col-lected from the field. As a second measure beforeclassification NDVI value based mask is applied todifferentiate agricultural areas from other vegetatedareas and non vegetated area. After discardingother areas, crop classification is carried out only inthe agricultural area. Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM)a very popular algorithm for hyperspectral imageclassification is applied for image classification andaccuracy assessment is carried out.

Keywords: EO1 – Earth observing 1, FLAASH-Fast line-of-sight atmospheric analysis ofspectral hypercube, ENVI- ENvironment forvisualizing images, SAM- spectral angle mapper.

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MULTIPLE FEATURE EXTRACTION FORRNN-BASED ASSAMESE SPEECHRECOGNITION FOR SPEECH TO TEXTCONVERSION APPLICATION

Krishna Duttaa and Kandarpa Kumar Sarmab

Department of ECE, Gauhati University Guwahati-781014,Assam, India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

The current work proposes a prototype model forspeech recognition in Assamese language usingLinear Predictive Coding (LPC) and Mel frequencycepstral coefficient (MFCC). The speech recognitionis a part of a speech to text conversion system.The LPC and MFCC features are extracted by twodierent Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), whichare used to recognize the vocal extract of Assameselanguage- a major language in the North Easternpart of India. In this work, decision block is designedby a combined framework of RNN block to extractthe features. Using this combined architecture oursystem is able to generate 10% gain in the recogni-tion rate than the case when individual architecturesare used.

Keywords: Moving average filter, LPC, MFCC,RNN.

A BINARY WATERMARKING SCHEMEUSING QUANTIZATION LEVELS OF BTC-PFMETHOD

Chinmay Maiti1 and Bibhas Chandra Dhara2

1Dept. of Comp. Sc. & Engg., College of Engg. &Management, Kolaghat, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2Dept. of Information Technology, Jadavpur University,Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected]

In this work, a blind binary watermarking techniquehas been proposed. The present method is spatialdomain technique and a binary watermark is em-bedded in compressed domain. BTC-PF based tech-nique has been employed to embed the watermark.In the present method, a secret key ‘K’ has beenused to enhance the security level. The proposedmethod is robust against different image processingattacks. The performance of the proposed method iscompared with another spatial domain method andthe experimental result shows that proposed methodis superior.

Keywords: Binary watermarking, Copyrightprotection, Robust watermarking, Watermarkattacks, BTC-PF coding.

DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION OFMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TOMATOLEAVES AND FRUITING HABITS

S. Kundu1, A. Hazra1, K. Deb1 and P. Hazra2

1Department of Computer Science & Engineering JadavpurUniversity, Kolkata, India.

2Dept. of Vegetable and Crops, Faculty of HorticultureBidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, India.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) belongs to thefamily Solanaceae, which is extensively grownaround the world. In Agriculture and Horticulture,the genetic purity of cultivars is critical to farmers,plant breeders, seed producers and as well as reg-ulatory agencies. The genetic and morphologicalshape based features are used to classify differenttomato cultivars and species. However, the largevariations present in the shapes of tomato leavesand fruits make it complex enough to classify. In thispaper we have applied image processing techniqueson tomato leaves and fruits to obtain enhanced bi-narized images which precede the most crucial partof shape based feature extraction. Different mor-phological features are obtained and analyzed fortomato leaf recognition prototyping model. Finally,features are transformed for dimension reductionto get a better visibility of the features throughPrincipal Component Analysis.

Keywords: Tomato leaf, Tomato fruit,Morphology, Leaf classification, Featuretransformation, Dimensionality reduction,Principal component analysis.

POLYMORPHISM IN INDIAN CLASSICALMUSIC: A PATTERN RECOGNITIONAPPROACH

Debashis De1 and Samarjit Roy2

1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, WestBengal University of Technology, BF-142, Sector-1, SaltLake City, Kolkata-700064, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2Department of Information Technology,Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Majitar,Rangpo, Gangtok, East Sikkim-737136, India.E-mail: [email protected]

Polymorphism is a property of the object-orientedtechnology and design. The polymorphism generallyprovides the designing of a generic interface whichembraces a set of related activities. In Indian Classi-cal Music (ICM), there are several features by whichthe unique features are classified into the Super-Class and a set of Sub-classes using the object-oriented programming and analysis methodology.In this paper, the simple polymorphic approach isbeing gone to represent using the concept of ‘Taal’.

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Taal is a sole feature which is abbreviated in ICMto define as the exact rhythm of the music. The soulof the music, the Taal and its variations (known as‘lay’) are represented into the several Super-classand Sub-classes.

Keywords: Musicology, Indian classical music(ICM), Object-Oriented analysis (OOA),Polymorphism and inheritance, Musical patternrecognition.

TEXT LINE EXTRACTION FROMHANDWRITTEN DOCUMENT PAGESUSING SPIRAL RUN LENGTH SMEARINGALGORITHM

Samir Malakar1,a, Sougata Halder1,Ram Sarkar2, Nibaran Das2, Subhadip Basu2

and Mita Nasipuri2

1Department of Master of Computer Applications MCKVInstitute of Engineering, Liluah, Howrah, India.E-mail: [email protected]

2Department of Computer Science and EngineeringJadavpur University, Kolkata, India.

Extraction of text lines from document images is oneof the important steps in the process of an Opti-cal Character Recognition (OCR) system. In case ofhandwritten document images, presence of skewed,touching or overlapping text line(s) makes this pro-cess a real challenge to the researcher. In thepresent work, a new text line extraction techniquebased on Spiral Run Length Smearing Algorithm(SRLSA) is reported. Firstly, digitized document im-age is partitioned into a number of vertical frag-ments of equal width. Then all the text line segmentspresent in these fragments are identified by applyingSRLSA. Finally, the neighboring text line segmentsare analyzed and merged (if necessary) to placethem inside the same text line boundary in whichthey actually belong. For experimental purpose,the technique is tested on CMATERdb1.1.1 andCMATERdb1.2.1 databases. The present techniqueextracts 87.09% and 89.35% text lines successfullyfrom the said databases respectively.

Keywords: Text line extraction, Handwrittendocument pages, CMATERdb, Verticalpartitioning, SRLSA, OCR.

FACE RECOGNITION IN REDUCEDEIGEN-PLANE

Abhijit Das

Jadavpur University, School of Education Technology,Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected]

This paper proposes a 2D face recognition tech-nique in Eigen-Space with reduced feature vec-tor size. In this paper, image of each person aremapped to covariance Eigen plane to generate thefeature vector. The technique is demonstrated to bea satisfactory real time face recognition approachas it can work on multiple types of face emotioninstances and can handle varying degrees of oc-clusion. Moreover the feature representations of thefaces are in scalar form and hence require low com-putational overheads. Absolute scalar difference isused for classification. The technique has achievedhigh recognition accuracy.

Keywords: Face recognition, Eigen space,Covariance matrix, Biometrics, Computer vison.

FEATURE ANALYSIS FOR THE REVERSIBLEWATERMARKED ELECTROOCULOGRAPHYSIGNAL USING LOW DISTORTIONPREDICTION-ERROR EXPANSION

Nilanjan Dey1, Shouvik Biswas2,a,Poulami Das2,b, Achintya Das3,c andSheli Sinha Chaudhuri4

1Dept. of IT, JIS College of Engineering Kalyani,West Bengal, India. E-mail: [email protected]

2Dept. of CSE, JIS College of Engineering Kalyani,

West Bengal, India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

3ECE Dept., Kalyani Govt. Engineering College, Kalyani,West Bengal, India. E-mail: [email protected]

4ETCE Dept., Jadavpur University Kolkata, West Bengal,India. E-mail: [email protected]

At present, most of the hospitals and diagnosticcenters globally, have started using wireless mediafor exchange of biomedical information (ElectronicPatient Report or hospital logo) for mutual availabil-ity of therapeutic case studies. Exchange of informa-tion amongst various hospital and medical centersrequire high level of reliability and security. Signalintegrity can be verified, authenticity and achievedcontrol over the copy process can be proved byadding watermark in the original information asmultimedia content. Electrooculography (EOG) is amedical test that records the movements and posi-tion of the eyes. In this present work, Low distortionPrediction-error Expansion technique is used for wa-termark insertion and extraction in an EOG signalwithout devalorizing its diagnostic parameters. Itcan be seen that in this approach the correlation

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value of the original watermark and the extractedwatermark is quite high. The Signal-to-Noise ratio(SNR) between the original EOG signal and theRecovered EOG signal markedly improves whichclaims the robustness of the method. In the secondpart of the present work different features of theoriginal EOG signal, watermarked EOG signal andrecovered EOG signal are analysed.

Keywords: Electrooculography, Prediction-error,Low distortion, SNR.

A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR AUTOMATICABRUPT SHOT TRANSITION DETECTION

Malay Kumar Kundua and Jaydeb Mondalb

Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute,Kolkata, India. E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

In this article, we propose a novel automatic thresh-olding method for the detection of abrupt shot tran-sition (AST). based on statistics of the pixel differencevalue of the consecutive frames, from a given videosequence. An outlier removal and a false alarmelimination scheme are also introduced to coun-teract the disturbances from illumination variations,object and camera movements. Experimental resultsand comparisons with state-of-the-art SBD schemesshow the effectiveness of the proposed method andhaving average superior accuracy.

Keywords: Component, Difference value, Outlierremoval, Threshold computation, False alarmelimination.

AN UNSUPERVISED LEARNING NETWORKFOR FACE IDENTIFICATION ANDSUBSEQUENT LOCALIZATION

Goutam Sarker

CSE Department, NIT Durgapur India.E-mail: [email protected]

The detection, localization and identification of facesin an image are some of the essential intelligentcomputer vision activities. The present method is al-most orientation or rotation invariant. This employsvarious Competitive Learning Networks to performthese face identification and localization tasks. Thetechnique is partially independent of orientation orrotation of the faces in the image. Also the identifi-cation rate of the faces is quiet moderate.

Keywords: Face detection, Face identification,ANN, Competitive learning network, Machinelearning, Detection rate, Identification rate, Falsepositive and false negative.

GENERALIZED DIAGONAL 2D FLDA FOREFFICIENT FACE RECOGNITION

Jamuna Kanta Sing1,a, Dwaipayan Roy2,Dipak Kumar Basu1,b and Mita Nasipuri1,c

1Department of Computer Science & Engineering,Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],[email protected]

2CVPR Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108,India. E-mail: [email protected]

This paper presents a novel generalized diago-nal two dimensional Fisher’s linear discriminant(G-Dia2DFLD) analysis for face representation andrecognition. The G-Dia2DFLD method is an exten-sion of the existing DiaFLD method in two aspects.Firstly, the former seeks the maximum class sepa-rability by interlacing both the forward and back-ward diagonals of images simultaneously while thelatter seeks optimal projection vectors either fromforward or backward diagonal of images. Secondly,the DiaFLD method does not preserve continuity ofimage regions while generating the diagonal im-ages; resulting partially diagonal images; whereasin G-Dia2DFLD method, this continuity is preservedby generating the diagonal images of the originalimages. The simulation results on the AT&T and ARdatabases demonstrate the superiority of the pro-posed GDia2DFLD method over the DiaFLD methodand also some existing subspace methods.

Keywords: Generalized diagonal 2D FLDA, Facerecognition, Projection vectors, Featureextraction.

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November 27, 2006 5:4 Research Publishing reviewers

List of Reviewers

Bagchi, Aditya Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata

Baisya, Srimanta National Institute of Technology, Silchar

Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo Virginia Commonwealth University, USA

Bandyopadhyay, Sanghamitra Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata

Bandyopadhyay, Anup Kumar Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Bandyopadhyay, Bijoy Calcutta University, Kolkata

Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Bandyopadhyay, Rajib Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Bandyopadhyay, Jyoti Prasad Calcutta University, Kolkata

Banerjee, Swapna Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Banerjee, Parameswar Amity University, Noida

Banerjee, Ansuman Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata

Barmanmandal, Soma Calcutta University, Kolkata

Basu, Sukla Kalyani Govt. Engineering College, Kalyani

Behera, Santanu National Institute of Technology, Rourkela

Bera, Rabindranath Calcutta University, Kolkata

Bhadrachaudhuri, Sekharranjan Bengal Engineering and Science University, Howrah

Bhandarkar, Suchendra M University of Georgia, USA

Bhattacharya, Subrata Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad

Bhattacharyya, Partha Bengal Engineering and Science University, Howrah

Bhaumik, Jaydeb Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia

Biswas, Prabir Kumar Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Biswas, Sujit Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Biswas, Manotosh Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Bose, Chayanika Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Bose, Indranil Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta

Chakraborty, Partha Motilal Nehuru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad

Chakraborty, Supratic Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics

Chakravorti, Sivaji Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Chandra, Aniruddha National Institute of Technology, Durgapur

Chatterjee, Sayan Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Chattopadhyay, Kalyankumar Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Chattopadhyay, Sudipta Jadavpur University, Kolkata

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Reviewers

Chattopadhyay, Sanatan Calcutta University, Kolkata

Chaudhuri, Atal Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Chowdhury, Ananda S Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Dam, Bibhas Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Das, Nabanita Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata

Das, Santanu Bengal Engineering and Science University, Howrah

Das, Nikhil Ranjan Calcutta University, Kolkata

Das, Achintya Kalyani Govt. Engineering College, Kalyani

Das, Parthapratim Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Das, Swagatam Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata

Dasgupta, Parthasarathi Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta

Dey, Bikash Kumar Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

Dhara, Bibhaschandra Jadavpur University, Kolkata

El-Baz, Ayman University of Louisville, US

Gangashetty, Suryakanta International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad

Ganguly, Ranjan Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Ganguly, Niloy Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Garain, Utpal Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata

Ghatak, Rowdra National Institute of Technology, Durgapur

Ghosh, Ratna Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Ghosh, Koushik Burdwan University

Ghosh, Susmita Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Ghoshal, Tapan K. Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Goswami, Bhaswati Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Guha, Debotosh Calcutta University, Kolkata

Gupta, Bhaskar Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Gupta, Amitava Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Jawhar, C. V. International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad

Kar, Soumitra Bhaba Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai

Konar, Amit Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Kundu, Sumit National Institute of Technology, Durgapur

Liu, Yixun National Institutes of Health, USA

Maitra, Animesh Calcutta University, Kolkata

Maitra, Subhamoy Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata

Maity, Biswajit Kalyani Govt. Engineering College, Kalyani

Mallick, Amiya.Kumar Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Mallik, Abhijit Calcutta University, Kolkata

Mandal, Ajit K. Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Mandal, Swarup Wipro, Kolkata

Mandal, Sekhar Bengal Engineering and Science University, Howrah

Maulik, Ujjal Jadavpur University, Kolkata

54


Reviewers

Meher, Sukhdev National Institute of Technology, Rourkela

Milleth, Klutto CEWiT, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras

Misra, Arundhati Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad

Mitra, Debjani Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad

Mitra, Sushmita Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata

Mitra, Pabitra Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Mitra, Manojit Bengal Engineering and Science University, Howrah

Mukherjee, Dipti Prasad Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata

Mukhopadhyay, Debdeep Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Nandi, Rabindranath Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Nasipuri, Mita Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Naskar, Mrinal Kanti Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Neogylahiri, Sharmistha Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Pal, Babusena University of Cape Town, South Africa

Parui, Susanta Bengal Engineering and Science University, Howrah

Pathak, Sant Sharan Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Pati, Umeshchandra National Institute of Technology, Rourkela

Raghuwanshi, Sanjeev Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad

Ray, Nilanjn University of Alberta, Canada

Ray, Baidyanath Bengal Engineering and Science University, Howrah

Roy, Jnan Bikash Calcutta University, Kolkata

Roy, D. A. Bhaba Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai

Roy, Jibendusekhar Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar

Roy, Sudhabindu Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Roy, Pabitra Kumar Bengal Engineering and Science University, Howrah

Roychowdhury, Joydeb CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur

Saha, Hironmoy Bengal Engineering and Science University, Howrah

Saha, Debasis Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta

Saha, Sanjoy Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Sahamisra, Iti Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Samanta, Tapas Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata

Sanyal, Salil Kumar Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Sarkar, Chandan Kumar Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Sarkar, Somenath Calcutta University, Kolkata

Sarkar, Binaykumar Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Sarkar, Subir Kumar Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Sarkar, Kamal Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Sarker, Goutam National Institute of Technology, Durgapur

Sengupta, Indranil Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Sil, Jaya Bengal Engineering and Science University, Howrah

Singh, Jamun Kanta Jadavpur University, Kolkata

55


Reviewers

Singhkshetrimayum, Rakhesh Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati

Sinha, Devdutta Calcutta University, Kolkata

Sinhachaudhuri, Sheli Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Subramaniam, Sankaralingam Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Surkolay, Susmita Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata

Tibarawala, D. N. Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Vasudevan, K. Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur

Venkateswaran, Palaniandavar Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Wang, Shijun National Institutes of Health, USA

Wei, Yong North Georgia College & State University, USA

Winberg, S. University of Cape Town, South Africa

Yalavarthy, Phaneendra Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

56

November 27, 2006 1:22 Research Publishing ack

Acknowledgement for Financial Support

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Govt. of India

SERB, DST, Govt. of India

DRDO, Govt. of India

TEQIP Phase II, Jadavpur University

DST-PURSE Project, Jadavpur University

IEEE ED Society, Kolkata chapter

IEEE COM society, Kolkata Chapter

Re-Union committee, ETCE Dept, Jadavpur University

57

November 24, 2006 16:57 Research Publishing icies-prelims

November 27, 2006 1:22 Research Publishing auindex

Author Index

Acharyya, Aritra 7

Adhikari, Debashis 4

Adhikari, Sudip Kumar 33

Agrawal, Sonu 45

Akhtar, Uzma Sakeena 6

Ali, Md. Faruk 35

Anand, B. 24

Anessh, Mohd. 46

Anjum, Munshi Navid 13

Ansari, J. A. 46

Anthony, Ricky 18

Babu, M. Sreenivasa 27, 28

Bag, J. 48

Bakshi, Tuli 14

Balamurugan, N. B. 9, 10

Balasubramanian, Umashankar 4

Bandari, Shravan Kumar 4, 19

Bandhyoapdhyay, A. K 22

Bandopadhaya, Shuvabrata 7

Bandyopadhyay, Sanmoy 34

Banerjee, Anupam 48

Banerjee, Indrajit 12

Banerjee, J. P. 7

Banerjee, Minakshi 29

Banerjee, P. 19

Banerjee, Rohan 30

Banerjee, Soumyanil 28

Banerjee, Suranjana 7

Banik, Sourav 36

Barman(Mandal), S. 38

Barman, Debaditya 38

Baruah, Apurba Kr. Rai 10

Basu, Ananjan Info-15

Basu, Dipak Kumar 33, 39, 52

Basu, M. 39

Basu, Subhadip 48, 49, 51

Basu, Sumana 48

Behera, Santanu Kumar 45

Bera, P. 40

Bera, Rabindranath 21

Bera, Rajesh 44

Bera, Soumyasree 21

Bhar, Ishita 22

Bharilya, Sarika 41

Bhat, G. Mohiuddin 6

Bhattacharjee, Anup Kr. 18, 22, 45

Bhattacharjee, Rupsa 31, 39

Bhattacharya, C. 4

Bhattacharya, Nilotpal 30

Bhattacharya, Paritosh 39

Bhattacharya, Swapan. Info-13

Bhattacharyya, Madhuchhanda 47

Bhattacharyya, P. 15

Bhattachryya, Arunava 25

Bhaumik, Jaydeb 41, 46

Bhaumik, Subhasis 15

Bhawal, Shekhar 40

Bhowmick, Abhijit 17

Bhowmik, Suman 12

Bisoi, Ajay Kumar 13

Biswas, Anik 34

Biswas, Arindam 22

Biswas, B. N. 25, 27

Biswas, Deblina 26

Biswas, Karnika 25

Biswas, M. 35

Biswas, Manotosh 36

Biswas, Rathindranath 37

Biswas, S. 40

Biswas, Sambhunath 18

Biswas, Shouvik 51

Biswas, Sushanta 14

Biswas, Susmita 22

Bnadyopadhyay, Supriyo Info-8

Bordoloi, Simanta 32

Bose, Chayanika 10, 11

Bose, P. K. 39

Bose, Rajdeep 47

Bose, Shilpi 38

Brahma, Madhuchhanda 8, 21

Burman, Debasree 8, 21

59


Author Index

Chakaborty, Amrita 10

Chakrabarti, Roshni 27, 28

Chakrabarti, Partha Info-16

Chakraborty, Chaitali 23

Chakraborty, Monisha 31

Chakraborty, Mrityunjoy Info-12

Chakravarty, S. K. 47

Chakravortty, Somdatta 29

Chanak, Prasenjit 12

Chandra, Abhijit 20

Chandra, Aniruddha 3, 18

Chandra, S. Theodore 9

Chatterjee, A. 34

Chatterjee, Basab 25, 27

Chatterjee, Piyali 48, 49

Chatterjee, Shubhajeet 28

Chatterjee, Tania 49

Chattopadhyay, Anirban 18

Chattopadhyay, Paramita 40

Chattopadhyay, Priyabrata 41

Chattopadhyay, Samiran 38

Chattopadhyay, Sudipta 20

Chattopadhyay, Tanay 25

Chaudhuri, Atal 43

Chaudhuri, Bidyut Baran 32

Chaudhuri, Chandrima 23

Chaudhuri, Sekhar Ranjan Bhadra 46

Chaudhuri, Sheli Sinha 51

Chaudhury, Saurabh 9

Chauhan, Hasmukh J. 49

Chawla, Paras 11

Chinnaiah, M. C. 41

Choubisa, Tarun 3

Choudhury, Ahana Roy 12

Choudhury, Arpita Saha 29

Choudhury, Somdotta Roy 21, 37

Chowdhury, Ananda S. 29, 30

Chowdhury, Chandreyee 13

Chowdhury, Nirmalya 38

Chowdhury, Prasun 4, 5

Chowdhury, Rajdeep 47

Chowdhury, Shiladitya 39

Dam, M. 35

Das, Abhijit 51

Das, Achintya 51

Das, Chandra 38

Das, Indrajit 46

Das, Jayita 8, 21

Das, Nibaran 51

Das, Poulami 51

Das, Prodipto 19

Das, Sajal K. Info-11

Das, Santanu 21, 34, 37, 44

Das, Satyajit 46

Das, Sukanta 13

Dasgupta, Avijit 31

Dasgupta, Parthasarathi Info-10, 8, 16, 21

Dasgupta, S.

Dasgupta, Shounak 11, 23, 24

Dash, D. P. 39

Datta, Abhirup 47

Datta, Aloke 31

Datta, C. R. 47

De, Arijit 36

De, Debashis 47, 50

De, Mallika 47

Deb, Arindam 45

Deb, K. 50

Dey, Nilanjan 51

Dey, Sabitabrata 22

Dhabal, Supriya 27, 28

Dhar, Sayantan 37, 45

Dhar, Soumyadip 29

Dhara, Bibhas Chandra 50

Dixit, H. K. 19

Dubey, Sarvesh 22

Dutta, Krishna 50

Dutta, P. K. 11

Dutta, Sourav 38

Dutta, Sourjya 3

Gangashetty, Suyakanth V 30

Gangopadhyay, A. 24

Gautam, A. K. 33, 36, 44, 45

Gayen, Dilip Kumar 25

Ghatak, Rowdra 45

Ghosh, A. 48

Ghosh, Anindya 36

Ghosh, Anumoy 46

Ghosh, Ashish 31

Ghosh, Koushik 15

Ghosh, Narendra Nath 23

Ghosh, Sayani 9

Ghosh, Susmita 14, 31

Ghoshal, Sakti Prasad 34

Giri, Chandan 12

Gogoi, Parismita 6

Goodwill, Kumar 36

Goswami, Geeta 35

Goswami, Vidhi 8

Gupta, Bhaskar 10, 37, 45

60


Author Index

Gupta, Dola 47

Gupta, Ishita 7

Gupta, Partha Sarathi 21

Gupta, Parthasarathi 8

Gupta, Ravi Dutt 45

Hafiz, A. Mueed 6

Halder, Amiya 31

Halder, Sougata 51

Hazarika, Shyamanta M. 32

Hazra, A. 50

Hazra, P. 50

Hindu, Tera 30

Imtiaj, S K 37

Iqbal, Md. Asif 41

Islam, A. 32

Islam, T. 24

Islam, Zainu Sadia 41

Jadav, H. 42

Jain, Amit Kumar 15

Jha, Tapolina 22

Jit, S. 22

Joshi, Radhika D. 12

Joshi, Sudarshan 33

K, Narasimha Reddy 24

Kaiser, M. Shamim 41

Kalaria, Parth C. 36

Kamakshi 46

Kanaujia, Binod Kr 33, 44

Kantha, B. 48

Kar, R. 42

Kar, Rajib 34

Kartikeyan, M. V. 36

Kaur, Baljit 23

Kaushik, B. K. 8, 23, 24, 42

Kaushik, Monica 19

Keshavamurthy 40

Keshwala, Ushaben 19

Khan, A. 48

Khanna, Rajesh 11

Konar, Pratyay 40

Kshetrimayum, Rakhesh Singh 18

Kuanar, Sanjay K. 29

Kulkarni, Shrikant D. 12

Kumar, Ajay 44

Kumar, Brijesh 8

Kumar, Chiranjeev 15

Kumar, Girish Info-17

Kumar, Jainender 24, 42

Kumar, Mirgender 22

Kumar, P. Rajesh 41

Kumar, Rajender 5

Kumar, Sandeep 7

Kumar, Uttam 26

Kumar, Vinod 23

Kundu, Ananda Sankar 15, 25

Kundu, Anindita 4, 5

Kundu, Anindya 3

Kundu, Mahantapas 48, 49

Kundu, Malay K. 29

Kundu, Malay Kumar 52

Kundu, S. 50

Kundu, Sumit 4, 17, 19

Kushwaha, S. 32

Latha, N. 37

Mahanti, G. K. 34

Mahapatra, Kamala Kanta 43

Mahata, Kalyan 13

Maheshwari, V. 42

Maiti, Chinmay 50

Maitra, Animesh Info-9

Maity, Sudipta 45

Maji, B. 34

Majumdar, S. 42

Majumder, M. K. 8, 42

Majumder, Manoj Kumar 24, 42

Mal, Ashis Kumar 23

Malakar, Samir 51

Malakar, Tiya Dey 11

Malik, Jagannath 36

Mandal, D. 42

Mandal, Debasis 45

Mandal, Durbadal 22, 34

Mandal, Susovan 11

Manhas, S. K. 24, 42

Manna, Bibhas 11

Manna, Tanumay 5

Mazumder, Oishee 15

Mekkerdchoo, Orachorm 48

Mishra, Amit Kumar 3

Mishra, Anurag 46

Misra, Anuraag 25

Misra, Debajyoti 27, 28

Misra, Iti Saha 4, 5, 37

Mistri, Hiranmay 34

Mitra, Debjani 6

Mitra, Rangeet 3

61


Author Index

Mitra, Rupendra Nath 32

Mitra, Sucharita 32

Mittal, Shailesh 42

Mohan, B. Krishna 49

Mohankumar, N. 21

Mondal, Arijit 28

Mondal, B. 10

Mondal, Jaydeb 52

Mondal, K. 20

Mondal, S. S. 23

Mondal, Subhash 46

Moyra, Tamasi 44

Mukherjee, Bhupesh 34

Mukhopadhyay, S. 39

Muniraj, N. J. R 40

Nag, Amitava 14

Nagendran, R 17

Naik, K. Krishna 4

Nallagonda, Srinivas 4, 19

Nandi, R. 20

Nasipuri, M. 33

Nasipuri, Mita 39, 48, 49, 51, 52

Naskar, Sourav 11

Nath, Subhrapratim 46

Negi, Rohit 33, 44

Negi, Y. S. 8

Neogy, Sarmistha 13

Pacharne, Pankaj R. 4

Pain, Somnath 18

Pal, Kunal 26

Palo, Sangeeta 9

Panda, Ajit K. 9

Panda, Rameswar 29

Pandit, V. S. 25

Panja, Subhas Chandra 15

Parah, Shabir A. 6

Pardeshi, Hemant 21

Parhi, Subhransu Sekhar 20

Parui, Susanta Kr. 34

Parui, Susanta Kumar 3, 21, 37, 44

Parvathi, J. Bala Krishna. P. 37

Parveen, Nazia 17

Patel, Ramesh 36

Patnaik, A. 36

Patra, Mahua Raha 16

Patra, Sankar Narayan 15

Patra, Sarat Kumar 7

Pattanaik, J. 39

Paul, Abhijit 19

Paul, Angshuman 30

Paul, Rimi 49

Poddar, D. R. 45

Pradhan, Buddhadev 10

Pradhan, Chittaranjan 13

Pramanik, Sayak 32

Prasad, S. 32

Prasad Mukherjee, Dipti Info-14

Priya 22

Priya, K. N. L. 17

Punetha, Mayank 8

Radhakrishna, Panga 4

Rahaman, Hafizur 8, 12, 16, 21

Rakshit, J. 42

Ram, Gopi 34

Ramavath, Srinivas 18

Ramesh, Dharavath 15

Ramkumar, T. K. 24

Ranjan, Rakesh 6

Rao, S. V. Subba 27, 28

Rao, V. Seshagiri 27, 28

Ray, P. K. 20

Ray, Partha Pratim 16

Ray, Sudhabindu 25, 27, 35

Reddy, G Karthick Kumar 24

Reddy, S. Venkatramana 24

Rout, Ashima 18

Routaray, Dipen 14

Roy, Arabinda 3, 44

Roy, D. A. 12

Roy, Dwaipayan 52

Roy, Indrani 12

Roy, Jibendu Sekhar 44, 45

Roy, Jibendu Shekhar 7

Roy, M. 38

Roy, Moumita 14

Roy, Pranab 16

Roy, S. 15, 23, 48

Roy, Samarjit 50

Roy, Sanjay Dhar 4, 17, 19

Roy, Sanjoy 46

Roy, Sukanta 3

Saha, Debasree 26

Saha, Joydeep 28

Saha, Moumita 40

Saha, P. K. 33

Saha, Sovan 48

Sahoo, Sauvagya Ranjan 43

Sahu, Trinath 9

62


Author Index

Samanta, Jagannath 41

Samanta, Tuhina 12

Sanjay, D. 41

Sankaralingam, S. 37

Sanyal, Salil K. 4, 5

Sanyal, Subir Kumar 14

Sarkar, Arghyadeep 21

Sarkar, Bijan 14

Sarkar, Binay Kumar 36

Sarkar, C. K. 15, 23

Sarkar, Chandan K. 9

Sarkar, Chandan Kumar 21

Sarkar, D. 14

Sarkar, P. P. 14

Sarkar, Ram 51

Sarkar, Subir Kumar 11, 48

Sarker, Goutam 52

Sarkhel, Saheli 11

Sarma, Kandarpa Kumar 6, 50

Savithri, T. Satya 41

Saxena, Vilakshan 13

Sengupta, Anindita 49

Sengupta, Diganta 43

Sengupta, Nilanjan 47

Sengupta, S. 26

Sengupta, Sayan 5

Sethi, Srinivas 18

Sett, Shubhasree Biswas 10

Sharma, Biswarup Das 12

Sharma, D. K. 42

Sharma, Neeraj 32

Sharmah, Ujjal 32

Sheikh, Javaid A. 6

Shrivastava, Manoj K. 36

Shrivastava, Manoj Kr 45

Sil, Jaya 40

Sing, J. K. 33

Sing, Jamuna Kanta 39, 52

Singh, Amit Kr 45

Singh, Amit Kumar 36

Singh, Arun Kumar 21

Singh, Ashish 46

Singh, Ashish Kumar 41

Singh, Brahmjit 5

Singh, Jyoti Prakash 14

Singh, L. Lolit Kumar 35

Singh, Pallavi 19

Singh, S. K. 32

Singh, Surabhi 23

Singh, Yashvir 8

Singha, Rupesh Kumar 38

Sinha, Aniruddha 30

Sinha, Sanjeet Kumar 9

Sinhga, Rahul 44

Soam, Preety 35

Sreedevi, A. 17

Srivastava, R. 32

Srivastava, Saurabh 25

Srivastava, Subodh 32

Srzednicki, Georges 48

SubhadipBasu 48

Suhail, S. Muhammed 28

Sultana, Mahamuda 43

Sur, Samarendra Nath 21

Talukdar, S. R. 35

Tibrewala, D. N. 26

Tiwari, Pramod Kumar 22

Tripathi, D. K. 19

Vaidhyanathan, A. 27, 28

Varughese, Dharmishtan K 40

Venkateswaran, P. 20, 27, 28

Venkateswarlu, D. S. 17

Vimala, P. 10

Yadav, K. L. 8, 42

Zaheeruddin 24Zahin, Adiba 41

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