AbstractAbstract

Beam Test of a Large-area GEM Detector Prototype for the Upgrade of the CMS Muon Endcap System

V. Bhopatkar, M. Hohlmann, M. Phipps, J. Twigger, A. ZhangDept. of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA

(for the CMS GEM Collaboration)MotivationMotivation

Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology is being considered for the forward muon upgrade of the CMS experiment in Phase 2 of the CERN LHC. The first such implementation is planned for the GE1/1 system in the 1.5<|η|<2.2 region of the muon endcap. With precise tracking and fast trigger information, this system can significantly improve the CMS muon trigger as shown previously in simulations. We assembled a 1m full-size prototype of a GE1/1 triple-GEM detector with 3,072 radial readout strips at Florida Tech and tested it in hadron beams at Fermilab in October 2013. Strip cluster parameters, detection efficiency, and spatial resolution for charged particles are studied with position and high voltage scans and at different inclination angles. Strip cluster sizes increase with high voltage. We find a plateau detection efficiency of (97.8 ± 0.2)%. All eight eta sectors of the prototype detector show similar high efficiencies. Results of response uniformity and spatial resolution studies using four GEM-based reference tracking detectors are presented. Preliminary results show a spatial resolution of 97 µrad or 21% of strip pitch.

Florida Tech is planning to contribute to this upgrade project by producing approximately 40 detectors. We constructed a first large-area GEM detector and studied its characteristics at a test beam at Fermilab in Oct. 2013

Construction of GE1/1 Prototype III Large-Area GEM Detector (at Florida Tech) Construction of GE1/1 Prototype III Large-Area GEM Detector (at Florida Tech) Step III: Finished GEM detector w/ APV frontend hybrids connected

Strip Pitch 0.67mm

Length 1m

3mm

1mm

2mm

1mm

Drift electrode

GEM 1GEM 2GEM 3

Anode (readout)

1D readout board with 3,072 radial strips connected through 24 Panasonic connectors to 24 APV hybrids

Internal gap configuration of the detector: 3/1/2/1mm

GEM foils produced by single mask etching technique at CERN

Active area: approximately 99×(28-45)cm2

FNAL Test Beam Oct 2013 - Setup and Measurements FNAL Test Beam Oct 2013 - Setup and Measurements

Trackers

Trackers

CMS GE1/1-III Detector

Gas mixture used in all detectors: Ar/CO2 70:30

Beam Energies: 32 GeV mixed hadrons;120 GeV p

4 GEM trackers @ 4200V

DAQ with RD51 SRS

CMS detector tests: 1. High voltage scan from 2900V to 3300V 2. Position Scan at 3250V in 3 positions:

Upper row APV

Middle row APV

Lower row APV

Performance Characteristics from FNAL Test Beam DataPerformance Characteristics from FNAL Test Beam Data

Reference Tracker and Correlations with CMS GE1/1 DetectorReference Tracker and Correlations with CMS GE1/1 Detector Detection Efficiency is 97.8%

During the phase II upgrade process, we are planning to install large-area GEM detectors in the forward muon region.

GEM technology will improve overall muon trigger efficiency by providing fast triggering and precise tracking information.

Step I:GEM foils assembly with inner

framesStep II:

Stretching GEM foils by

providing tension

Stretched GEM foils with inner and outer

frames

Cluster Charge Distribution

Cluster charge distribution fitted with Landau function at 3250V

Cluster Size at 3250V

Cluster size increases with voltage

Cluster Size vs. High Voltage

Beam profiles

Preliminary Tracking Results for CMS GE1/1-IIIPreliminary Tracking Results for CMS GE1/1-III

Tracking is done in three steps:

Step I - Alignment: By iterating the shift parameters in X and Y, we center all detector residuals on zero and then with respect to the first reference tracker, we rotate the remaining three trackers until the residual widths are minimized.

Step II - Conversion from (x,y) to (r,φ) coordinate system: Since we are dealing with radial readout strips in the GE1/1, it is more appropriate to use (r,φ) coordinates for tracking.

Step III - Calculate final residuals (inclusive and exclusive)

At 3250V

At 3250V, most probable values for all 3 APV position are used to determine the charge uniformity across the detector:

Detection efficiency measured with this detector is 97.8% (with 5-sigma cut on pedestal width).

Average cluster size at operating voltage is 2.3 strips

Detection Efficiency with Different Cuts on Pedestal Widths

Correlation of GE1/1 detector hits with hits in first tracking detector:

This translates to residual widths of σ = 201 µm (exclusive) and σ = 160 µm (inclusive) in the azimuthal direction (at the center of the eta sector 5) using R=1850 mm.

Taking the geometric mean of exclusive and inclusive residual widths we find a resolution of σ = 97µrad (21% of strip pitch) which corresponds to σ = 179 µm in the center of eta sector 5 when using the pulse-height sensitive analog readout.

Conclusion: The performance of this GE1/1 prototype in a beam meets expectations.

Charge Uniformity

Inclusive Residual in Eta 5 SectorExclusive Residual in Eta 5 Sector

CMS Upgrade week, Karlsruhe (Germany) - April 2014

Inclusiveσ = 21µrad

32 GeV mixed-hadron 120 GeV proton

Exclusiveσ = 75µrad

Reference detector resolutions in φ Preliminary

σ= 87 µrad in φ

Preliminary

σ= 109 µrad in φ

Residuals of Tracker 1