abstrac book

X-ray Free Electron Laser School and symposium

September 16-20 2013, Dinard, France http://xfel2013.univ-rennes1.fr

Organizing committee: Chairs: Marco Cammarata & Eric Collet

Jan Lüning, Maciej Lorenc, Marina Servol, Marylise Buron, Herve Cailleau, Laurent Guerin

GDRI X-FEL Science

Speakers: Thomas Barends Giovanni De Ninno Herman Durr David Fritz Kelley Gaffney Steve Johnson Gerrit van der Laan Michael Meyer Chris Milne Luca Perfetti Sylvain Ravy Primoz Rebernik Ribik Marc Simon Justin Wark Makina Yabashi Philippe Zeitoun

XFEL 2013X-ray Free Electron Laser School and symposium, September 16-20 2013, Dinard, France

Programme Chairs

Marco CammarataCNRS / University of Rennes 1

Eric ColletUniversity of Rennes 1

Local Organizing Committee

Marylise BuronUniversity of Rennes 1

Herve CailleauUniversity of Rennes 1

Laurent GuerinUniversity of Rennes 1

Maciej LorencUniversity of Rennes 1

Andrea MarinoUniversity of Rennes 1

Marina ServolUniversity of Rennes 1

Scientific Advisory CommitteePhilip Coppens, Buffalo University, USAHarry Ihee, KAIST, KoreaShin-ya Koshihara, Tokyo Institute of Technology, JapanJorgen Larson, Lund University, SwedenThomas Tschentscher, European XFEL, Hamburg, GermanyMakina Yabashi, SPring-8 XFEL, JapanIlme Schlichting, MPI Heidelberg, GermanyMarie-Emmanuelle Couprie, Synchrotron Soleil, FranceJan Lüning, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, FranceGuillaume Beutier, SIMAP, Grenoble, FranceMarc Simon, UPMC Sorbonne University, Paris , France

With the financial support ofUniversity of Rennes 1, Rennes Metropole, CNRS, Région Bretagne, gdri "X-FEL Science", SwissFEL

XFEL 2013 Participants ListSurname Name Email Institution

1 Barends Thomas [email protected] MPI, Heidelberg

2 Batchelor David [email protected] KIT, Karlsruhe

3 Brito Jose Artur [email protected] ITQB-UNL

4 Buron Marylise [email protected] University of Rennes 1

5 Cailleau Hervé [email protected] University of Rennes 1

6 Cammarata Marco [email protected] CNRS / University Rennes 1

7 Chollet Matthieu [email protected] SLAC National Laboratory

8 Collet Eric [email protected] University of Rennes 1

9 Colletier Jacques-Philippe [email protected] IBS Grenoble

10 Couprie Marie-Emmanuelle [email protected] Synchrotron SOLEIL

11 De Boissieu Marc [email protected] Simap CNRS

12 De Ninno Giovanni [email protected] Elettrra, Trieste

13 Deschaud Basil [email protected] CELIA, Bordeaux

14 Dowek Danielle [email protected] CNRS / ISMO, Orsay

15 Durr Herman [email protected] SLAC National Laboratory

16 Eom Intae [email protected] PAL, Postech

17 Falk Katerina [email protected] Los Alamos National Laboratory

18 Ferrer Andrés [email protected] ETH Zurich

19 Fritz David [email protected] SLAC National Laboratory

20 Gaffney Kelly [email protected] SLAC National Laboratory

21 Galli Lorenzo [email protected] CFEL

22 Gaudin Jerome [email protected] CELIA

23 Gawelda Wojciech [email protected] European XFEL

24 Giordano Valentina [email protected] ILM, Lyon

25 Guérin Laurent [email protected] University of Rennes 1

26 Harmand Marion [email protected] LULI, Palaiseau

27 Iketani Shotaro [email protected] Osaka University

28 Iwazumi Toshiaki [email protected] Osaka Prefecture University

29 Jacques Vincent [email protected] CNRS / LPS, Orsay

30 Jaouen Nicolas [email protected] Synchrotron SOLEIL

31 Jégou Sébastien [email protected] ARTS, Arts et Métiers ParisTe

32 Johnson Steven [email protected] ETH Zurich

33 Khramov Evgeniy [email protected] NRC Kurchatov Institute

34 Kim Bongsoo [email protected] PAL, Postech

35 Kim Byunghoon [email protected] Lund University

36 Kim Sunam [email protected] PAL, Postech

37 Kondo Yoshihiko [email protected] Osaka University

38 Koshihara Shinya [email protected] Tokyo Inst. Tech.

39 Le Thu Thu Thuy [email protected] Université paris sud

40 Le Bolloc'H David [email protected] CNRS / LPS, Orsay

41 Le Lay Guy [email protected] Aix-Marseille University

42 Le Pimpec Frederic [email protected] European XFEL GmbH

43 Lee Jay Min [email protected] PAL, Postech

44 Legarrec Jean-Luc [email protected] University of Rennes 1

45 Levantino Matteo [email protected] University of Palermo

46 Levy Anna [email protected] CNRS

47 Lopez-Flores Victor [email protected] SOLEIL Synchrotron

48 Lorenc Maciej [email protected] CNRS / University Rennes 1

49 Loris Remy [email protected] VUB

50 Luning Jan [email protected] UPMC

51 Mannix Dannix [email protected] Institut Neel CNRS

52 Marino Andrea [email protected] University of Rennes 1

53 Matsuda Tomoki [email protected] Osaka University

54 Meyer Michael [email protected] European XFEL

55 Mika Arkadiusz [email protected] Wroclaw Univ. of Technology

56 Milne Chris [email protected] Paul Scherrer Institute

57 Mita Masahiro [email protected] Hitachi Metals, Ltd.

58 Moinard Arnaud [email protected] LULI

59 Nam Kihyun [email protected] PAL, Postech

60 Neville John [email protected] University of New Brunswick

XFEL 2013 Participants ListSurname Name Email Institution

61 Nozawa Shunsuke [email protected] Photon Factory, Tsukuba

62 Ogami Seiji [email protected] The University of Tokyo

63 Ozaki Norimasa [email protected] Osaka University

64 Perfetti Luca [email protected] Ecole Politechnique, Paris

65 Perron Jonathan [email protected] LCPMR / UPMC, Paris

66 Persson Anna [email protected] Lund University,Dep. of Physic

67 Ravy Sylvain [email protected] Synchrotron-soleil

68 Rebernik Ribic Primoz [email protected] Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste

69 Redecke Lars [email protected] Universities of Lübeck

70 Regnard Jean-René [email protected] CEA

71 Sano Tomokazu [email protected] Osaka University

72 Sato Tokushi [email protected] High Energy Accelerator Resear

73 Schiro Giorgio [email protected] IBS Grenoble

74 Servol Marina [email protected] University of Rennes 1

75 Shirmane Liana [email protected] ISSP LU

76 Simon Marc [email protected] LCPMR

77 Smid Michal [email protected] Institute of Physics, ASCR

78 Sobierajski Ryszad [email protected] Institute of Physics PAS

79 Staroselskiy Ivan [email protected] Moscow State University

80 Tolentino Helio [email protected] Institut Néel - CNRS

81 Toudic Bertrand [email protected] CNRS / University Rennes 1

82 Trzop Elzbieta [email protected] SUNY, University at Buffalo

83 Van Der Laan Gerrit [email protected] Diamond

84 Veyrinas Kevin [email protected] CNRS / ISMO, Orsay

85 Wark Justin [email protected] University of Oxford

86 Weik Martin [email protected] IBS Grenoble

87 Yabashi Makina [email protected] RIKEN

88 Yuya Sato [email protected] Osaka University

89 Zeitoun Philippe [email protected] LOA, Paris

90 Zhou Tao [email protected] CEA Grenoble

InvitedTalks(chronological order)

Radiation from X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs)

Primož Rebernik Ribič,a Giorgio Margaritondob

a Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste, Italyb Faculté des Sciences de Base,

Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland

E-mail: [email protected]

We describe, without resorting to complicated mathematical formalism, theessential properties of radiation produced by x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs).

We begin by introducing the main features of insertion devices (wigglers andundulators) used in third-generation synchrotron light sources as they are also one ofthe main ingredients in XFELs.

We briefly discuss the shortcomings of synchrotrons such as relatively lowbrilliance, long pulse duration and low (natural) spectral resolution, which were the mainmotivating factors when designing XFELs. Next, we introduce the concept of a freeelectron laser. We provide a semi-quantitative approach to describe the opticalamplification in an XFEL. We show that simple physical arguments can be used todeduce the main FEL parameters such as the gain and saturation lengths, opticalbandwidth and pulse duration [1-3].

In the last part of the presentation we analyze the main differences between anXFEL based on self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), where the initial signaloriginates from stochastic emission of electrons, and a seeded XFEL, where theemission is triggered by an external seed laser.

References:1. G. Margaritondo and P. Rebernik Ribič. A simplified description of X-ray free-electron lasers. J.Synchrotron Radiat. 18, 101-108 (2011)2. P. Rebernik Ribič and G. Margaritondo. Physics behind free electron lasers (FELs) based onmagnetostatic and optical undulators., Phys. Status Solidi (b) 249, 1210 (2012)3. P. Rebernik Ribič and G. Margaritondo. Status and prospects of X-ray free electron lasers (X-FELs): asimple presentation. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 45, 213001 (2012)

Primož Rebernik Ribič

Ph.D.: 2009, University of Nova Gorica, SloveniaPost-doc: 2009-2013, EPFL, Switzerland,Post-doc: 2013-present, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Italy

Scattering, diffraction and coherence of X-rays

Sylvain Ravy

Synchrotron-SOLEIL, L’Orme de merisiers, Saint Aubin BP48 91192 Gif sur Yvette CEDEX, France


In this lecture we will first recall the basics of the scattering of X-rays by an atom,

(scattering factor, including resonant effects) then by two atoms1. Because this last situation gives rise to interferences, it will give the opportunity to introduce the concepts used in coherent diffraction:2 the mutual coherence function, the complex degree of coherence, the visibility, and the transverse and longitudinal coherence lengths.

Examples will help understanding the effects of coherence on diffraction patterns: namely the appearance of fringes and speckles, and what information can be obtained from them3. However before doing that, we will find some time to recall the classical operation performed by X-ray diffraction: Fourier transforming the electron density autocorrelation function. In disordered materials this gives diffuse scattering, while in crystals

Bragg reflections are observed as well. Information on the structure is usually obtained by Fourier inverting their amplitude by using so-called direct methods. We will see that coherent diffraction can do more than that. Reference: 1. J. Als-Nielsen and D. McMorrow, Elements of modern X-ray Physics,2

ed., Wiley (2011). 2. L. Mandel and E. Wolf, Principle of optics, Cambridge University Press, 7 ed. 1999. 3. F. Livet, Acta Cryst. A 63, 87 (2007).

Sylvain Ravy

www.synchrotron-soleil.fr/Recherche/LignesLumiere/CRISTAL Education École Supérieure d’Électricité, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Post-doc: University of Wisconsin Professional Career: 1987-2004: Researcher at Laboratoire de Physique des

Solides, Université Paris-sud, France 2004-present: CRISTAL beamline responsible, Synchrotron-

SOLEIL

XAS & XES

Gerrit van der Laan

Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK E-mail: [email protected]

This lecture will discuss how and what kind of information one can obtain from x-ray

absorption and x-ray emission spectroscopies. It is discussed which edges are available and what one can learn from the different edges (K, L, …) about the electric and/or structural orders [1]. How the measurements can be performed (transmission, fluorescence, total-electron yield mode). Discussed are the unique advantages of x-ray spectroscopies, such as element specificity, orbital sensitivity, selection rules, magnetic sensitivity, high-energy resolution, well-defined core level states and femtosecond time scale [2]. Different theoretical methods for analysis of the data are mentioned (multiplet, Anderson impurity, cluster and band structure calculations) and their limitations. How the x-ray techniques can be incorporated into more complicated and advanced experiments. Furthermore, some general aspects and principles of light-matter interaction and electric- and magnetic- multipole transitions will be addressed.

A brief introduction into x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) will be given for use later in the course [2]. While many studies in the past were centred on physics, more recently new applications have emerged in areas such as chemistry, biology and earth and environmental sciences. For instance, XMCD allows the determination of the cation occupations in spinels and other ternary oxides. References: 1. G. van der Laan, Hitchhiker's guide to multiplet calculations, Lect. Notes Phys. 697, 143 - 200 (2006). 2. G. van der Laan, Applications of soft x-ray magnetic dichroism, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 430, 012127

(2013). 3. G. van der Laan, Spin-orbit sum rule for electric-multipole transitions in non-resonant inelastic x-ray

scattering, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 077401 (2012).

Gerrit van der Laan University Education: Ph.D.: Groningen, NL Post-doc: LURE, Orsay, Paris Professional Career: Principal Research Scientist, Daresbury Laboratory, UK Head of Magnetic Spectroscopy Group Senior Research Fellow at Diamond Light Source Visiting Professor at Physics Department, York University Visiting Professor at SEAES, Manchester University Visiting Professor at Physics Department, Southampton University

The scientific instruments at the European XFEL Michael Meyer

European XFEL GmbH Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22671 Hamburg, Germany


The new international user facility for soft and hard x-ray free-electron laser applications, the European XFEL, is currently under construction in Hamburg (Germany). This 3.4-kilometer long facility will provide ultra-high brilliance femtosecond X-ray pulses of coherent radiation to dedicated end stations, where first user experiments are scheduled to start in 2016. The superconducting accelerator allows generation of up to 27 000 electron bunches per second and serve the six experiment end stations quasi-simultaneously (Figure 1). In its start-up configuration, the European XFEL will comprise three self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) undulators operating in the 3 - 25 keV (SASE 1 and SASE 2) and 0.25 - 3 keV (SASE 3), respectively.

! Figure 1: Schematic layout of the European XFEL facility showing the SASE undulators and corresponding experimental end stations. Beside a short description of the current status of the construction process, the general characteristics of the photon beam available behind the soft and hard X-ray undulators will be summarized. The main part of the presentation will then focus providing the characteristics of six scientific instruments: FXE (Femtosecond X-ray Experiments) and SPB (Single Particle, clusters and Biomolecules) for SASE 1, MID (Materials Imaging and Dynamics) and HED (High Energy Density physics) for SASE 2 and SQS (Small Quantum Systems) and SCS (Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering) for SASE 3. The individual conceptual and technical design reports (CDR and TDR) are available on the European XFEL website under http://www.xfel.eu/documents/technical_documents/.

Ultrafast dynamics of solid state materials

Steven L. Johnson

Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland


Structural dynamics in solids range in time scales from a few femtoseconds to several hundred

picoseconds. An understanding of the fundamental properties of these dynamics can potentially offer not only a more complete understanding of the forces that determine structure, but also new routes to control over material properties. New sources of short pulse x-rays such as those from XFELs give a unique way to directly study how dynamics on an atomic scale evolve in response to perturbations.

A key concept in pump-probe studies of ultrafast structural dynamics is coherence. In the first part of the lecture we will discuss how coherence in the phonon system is defined, how it can be created and destroyed, and how it can be measured experimentally. We will discuss some prominent examples of coherent phonons in the literature. Finally, we will talk about potential connections between coherent phonons and “ultrafast” structural phase transitions, an area of current active research.

In the second part of the lecture we will discuss dynamics that do not meet the conventional definition of coherence. These dynamics generally involve changes in the measured uncertainty of atomic positions, also referred to as the noise of the lattice. Time dependent changes in noise can arise from heat transfer from other degrees of freedom within the material, transport from other parts of the material, or from changes in the frequency of vibrational modes. The last of these can be responsible for a number of interesting phenomena such as ultrafast melting in semiconductors and phonon squeezing. Examples of these phenomena along with how they can be observed in experiments will be discussed. References: 1. H. J Zeiger et al., Phys. Rev. B 45, 768 (1992). 2. A. Lindenberg et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 111 (2000). 3. K. Sokolowski-Tinten et al., Nature 422, 287 (2003). 4. D. Fritz et al. Science 315, 633 (2007). 5. S. L. Johnson et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 205501 (2009). 6. P. Beaud et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 155702 (2009). 7. E. Möhr-Vorobeva et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 036403 (2011). 7. S. L. Johnson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 175503 (2009). Steve

http://www.udg.ethz.ch University Education Ph.D.: 2002, University of California at Berkeley Professional Career: 2003-2011: Staff scientist, Paul Scherrer Institute 2011-present: Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich

Chemical Reactions

Kelly Gaffney

Pulse / SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Menlo Park, California, USA


Reactions triggered by optical photons from the sun power nearly all biological function,either directly or indirectly. Light-driven processes also present a risk to life; theabsorption of UV light by DNA can lead to mutation and cancer. Despite extensiveinvestigation, we still lack a quantitative understanding of photochemical reactivity, muchless a predictive understanding. I will discuss (1) how the coupled motions of electronsand nuclei control chemical reactivity, (2) the important distinctions between electronicground state and excited state reactivity, (3) why the methods we utilize to describeelectronic ground states usually cannot be extended to electronic excited states, and (4)the key role ultrafast time resolution x-ray methods can play in addresses these longstanding challenges to acquiring a predictive understanding of chemical reactivity. Theopportunities presented by ultrafast x-ray sources will be discussed in the context oflong wavelength optical measurements of chemical dynamics, using photo-isomerizationand excited state electron transfer as the key examples.

Kelly Gaffneyhttp://www.stanford.edu/group/pulse_institute/UCS/SPC.html

University EducationPh.D.: 2001, University of California at BerkeleyPost-doc: 2001-2004, Stanford University

Professional Career:2004-2013: Assistant Professor, Photon Science. Stanford University2013-present: Associate Professor, Photon Science, Stanford University

FERMI@ELETTRA: performance and future opportunities

Giovanni De Ninno

a Sincrotrone Trieste Elettra, S.S.14 - km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149Basovizza, Italy

b Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 11c, 5270Ajdovščina, Slovenia


FERMI@Elettra is the first VUV/soft X-ray seeded free-electron laser in the world opento user experiment. Presently, it has unique performance in terms of stability, coherenceand variable polarization. During the talk, we will present the concept on which FERMI isbased, as well as the first obtained results and future planned developments.

First Name: De Ninno University Education

Ph.D.: 1999, CERN (Geneva), Switzerland Post-doc: 1997-1999: Fellow at CERN (Geneva), Switzerland 1999-2002, LURE Orsay (Paris), FranceProfessional Career:

2008-present: Professor2002-present: Researcher at Sincrotrone Trieste

Overview of SACLA

Makina Yabashia

aRIKEN SPring-8 CenterKouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan


The Japan’s X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facility, SPring-8 Angstrom Compactfree electron LAser (SACLA), achieved lasing for 10 keV X-rays on June 7th 20111. In March 2012, SACLA has started operation for users. As the first compact XFEL facility inthe world, SACLA aims to produce XFEL light with high stability and robustness. As typical parameters, SACLA provides XFEL light in a photon energy range from 4.5 to 15keV with a pulse energy of 0.4 mJ at 10 keV and a pulse duration less than 10 fs2,3. Various fields of researches, including biological imaging, protein crystallography, AMO science, high energy density science, and X-ray quantum optics have been performed. Call for user proposals have been performed twice per year4. For every year, ~50 user proposals have been conducted .

In parallel to user operation, we are upgrading the performance and capability of SACLA. For producing higher intensity X-rays, we have developed reflective mirror systems in the Kirkpatrick-Baez geometry in collaboration with Osaka University. We have successfully produced a 1-um focused x-ray spot with a power density of 1018 W/cm2 [Ref. 5]. Tighter focusing system is also available. In this autumn, we will start to test a self-seeding scheme, which aims to produce fully-coherent XFEL pulses. High-power laser facilities are under development. For expanding effective beamtime, we are constructing new XFEL beamline, which will be operated for users in March, 2015.

Reference:1. T. Ishikawa et al., “A compact X-ray free-electron laser emitting in the sub-ångström region”, Nature

Photon. 6, 540 (2012).

2. K. Tono, T Togashi, Y Inubushi, T Sato, T Katayama, K Ogawa, H Ohashi, H Kimura, S Takahashi, K

Takeshita, H Tomizawa, S Goto, T Ishikawa, M Yabashi, “Beamline, experimental stations and photon

beam diagnostics for the hard x-ray free electron laser of SACLA”, New J. Phys. 15, 083035 (2013).

3. Y. Inubushi, K. Tono, T. Togashi, T. Sato, T. Hatsui, T. Kameshima, K. Togawa, T/ Hara, T. Tanaka, H.

Tanaka, T. Ishikawa, and M. Yabashi, “Determination of the Pulse Duration of an X-Ray Free Electron

Laser Using Highly Resolved Single-Shot Spectra”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 144801 (2012).

4. http://sacla.xfel.jp/?lang=en

5. K. Yumoto, H. Mimura, T. Koyama, S. Matsuyama, K. Tono, T. Togashi, Y. Inubushi, T. Sato, T. Tanaka,

T. Kimura, H. Yokoyama, J. Kim, Y.Sano, Y. Hachisu, M. Yabashi, H. Ohashi, H. Ohmori, T. Ishikawa, K.

Yamauchi, “Focusing of X-ray free-electron laser pulses with reflective optics”, Nature Photon. 7, 43

(2013).

Makina Yabashihttp://rsc.riken.jp/eng/organization/xrdd_blrdg.htmlUniversity Education

M.D: 1996, the University of TokyoPh.D.: 2003, the University of Tokyo

Professional Career:1996-2004: Researcher,

Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute2007-2011: Researcher, RIKEN XFEL Project Head Office2011-present: Group Director

Beam Line Research and Development GroupRIKEN SPring-8 Center, Japan

PROBING MAGNETISM WITH X-RAYS

Hermann A. Durr SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park CA 94025, USA

Polarized soft x-rays have been used over the past 20 years to obtain fascinating new insightsinto nanoscale magnetism. The separation of spin and orbital magnetic moments, for instance,enabled detailed insights into the interplay of exchange and spin-orbit interactions at the atomiclevel. X-ray imaging techniques have revolutionized our understanding of magnetism of theULTRA SMALL. In addition the now available polarized soft x-ray pulses with sub-100 fsduration allow us to observe the magnetic interactions at work in real time, i.e. they open thedoor to study ULTRA FAST magnetism. The ultimate goal of such studies is to understand howspins may be manipulated by ultrashort magnetic field, spin polarized current or light pulses. Inthis lecture I will give an overview of achievements and the current status of probing magnetismof the ultra small and ultra fast using x-rays from synchrotrons and free electron lasers.

SwissFEL

Chris Milne, Jakub Szlachetko, Gerhard Ingold, Paul Beaud, Bill Pedrini, Luc Patthey,Pavle Juranic, Bruce Patterson, and Rafael Abela

SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5235 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland


The Swiss hard x-ray free electron laser SwissFEL [1,2] started construction at thePaul Scherrer Institute in late 2012, with a planned startup date of 2017 for the ARAMIShard x-ray undulator section. In this talk I will present the design parameters of thefacility, along with some unique operation modes we anticipate for SwissFEL operation. Iwill present an overview of our recently completed conceptual designs for various opticalelements and optical diagnostic tools.[3] SwissFEL plans to have two experimentalstations ready for use in 2017: Experimental Station A, which will specialize in applyingx-ray spectroscopic techniques to photochemical and photobiological systems [3,4], andExperimental Station B which will specialize in applying resonant and non-resonantx-ray diffraction and scattering techniques to correlated electron systems [3,5]. I willpresent details of the conceptual designs of these experimental stations, along with aprojected plan for future development.

Reference:1. B. Patterson and R. Abela, PCCP 12, 5647 (2010).2. B. D. Patterson, R. Abela, H.-H. Braun, U. Flechsig, R. Ganter, Y. Kim, E. Kirk, A. Oppelt, M.Pedrozzi, S. Reiche, L. Rivkin, T. Schmidt, B. Schmitt, V. N. Strocov, S. Tsujino, and A. F.Wrulich, New J Phys 12, 035012 (2010).3. http://www.psi.ch/swissfel/internal-reports4. C. J. Milne, R. M. van der Veen, V.-T. Pham, F. A. Lima, H. Rittmann-Frank, M. Reinhard, F.van Mourik, S. Karlsson, T. J. Penfold, and M. Chergui, Chimia 65, 303 (2011).5. P. Beaud, S. L. Johnson, E. Vorobeva, C. J. Milne, A. Caviezel, S. O. Mariager, R. A. DeSouza, U. Staub, and G. Ingold, Chimia 65, 308 (2011).

Chrishttp://www.swissfel.ch/University Education

Ph.D.: 2006, University of Toronto (Dwayne Miller)Post-doc: 2006-2012, EPFL/SLS (Majed Chergui)

Professional Career:2012-present: Beamline Scientist, SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer

Institute, Switzerland

Electron Spectroscopy

Luca Perfetti

Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, Ecole polytechnique, 91128 PalaiseauCedex, France


The recent developments of femtosecond photon sources in the ultraviolet spectralrange have largely enriched the techniques to probe condensed matter on ultrafasttimescales. Among the possible approaches, time resolved photoemission spectroscopydisplays an increasing popularity because of the unique capability to visualize thetemporal evolution of electronic states. I will review the basic principles of thisexperimental method and discuss the most relevant results that have been published inthe recent years. The seminar will introduce in a pedagogical form the core levelspectroscopy as well as the energy dispersion of valence states. An application of eachtechnique to different photoexcited systems will provide insight on the typical timescalesof electrons dynamics. Finally, I will discuss in detail the new possibilities offered by thefree electron laser as well as the limits of the actual technology.

Reference:1. Stefan Hüfner, Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Principles and Applications, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003.2. S. Hellmann, New Journal of Physics 14, 013062 (2012).

Luca Perfettihttps://www.polytechnique.eduEcole Polytechnique

Ph.D.: 2002, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Post-doc: 2003-2008, Freie universitaet Berlin

Professional Career:2008-: Associate Professor at Ecole polytechnique

Atomic and Molecular Physics with XFEL

Marc Simon

Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, CNRS and UPMC, 11 rue Pierre et MarieCurie, 715005 Paris


The launch of X-ray free-electron laser (XFELhas given rise to intense research activities in diverse scientific

fields. XFELs provide unique opportunities for exploring ultrafast dynamics, Multi Photon processes and Time

resolved Imaging [1-5].

I will do an overview of what has been done in Atomic and Molecular Physics with XFEL.

Reference:1. Young, L. et al. Nature 466, 56–61 (2010).2. Hoener, M. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 253002 (2010).3. Rudek, B. et al. Nature Photon. 6 858 (2012)

4. Erk, B. et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 053003 (2013)

5. Schnorr K.et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 093402 (2013)

The Linac Coherent Light Source

David Fritza

a SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park, California, USA


The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), the world’s first hard x-ray free-electron laser (FEL), at the

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory began its operations in 2009 [1]. Hundreds of experiments have been performed at the six LCLS instruments to date in various scientific fields. These first experiments have demonstrated the new capabilities x-ray FELs provide to probe matter on the atomic length and time scales. In this presentation, the LCLS facility will be described including the early science highlights achieved thus far. The rapid development of accelerator, FEL and x-ray research in the first four years of LCLS operations has led to new capabilities that will be presented, including self-seeding [2], beam splitting [3], and two-color pulses [4]. This presentation will conclude with a discussion of the future direction of the LCLS facility including new opportunities to expand the photon energy range, increase the repetition rate and construct new scientific instruments.

Reference: 1. P. Emma et al., Nature Photon. 4, 641-647 (2010). 2. J. Amann et al. Nature Photon. 6, 693-698 (2012). 3. Y. Feng et al. Proc. SPIE 8778, 87780B (2013). 4. A.A. Lutman et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 134801 (2013). David Fritz

University Education Ph.D.: 2006, University of Michigan Professional Career: 2006-present: Staff Scientist, SLAC National Accelerator

Laboratory, USA

Matter in Extreme Conditions

Justin S. Warka

a Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom


“Extreme Conditions” research has become a major thematic area of research in the exploitation of

so-called 4th generation light sources. This is, in no small part, due to the fact that any extended object placed within the focal spot of an x-ray laser will inevitably, on a time-scale of a few tens of femtoseconds, become a dense plasma with a temperature and density comparable to those prevailing half way to the centre of the sun. That said, in addition to such dense plasmas, created by the x-ray laser itself, “Extreme Conditions” research also encompasses the exotic conditions that can be created by high power optical lasers (for example solids and pressures only otherwise found towards the centre of the giant planets in our own solar system, or within exoplanets). Within this tutorial-style talk, we will attempt to explain why x-ray lasers are uniquely suited to this kind of research, and will attempt to provide a brief outline to the field. The plasmas produced by x-ray lasers irradiating solids fall into the category of ‘warm-dense-matter”, where plasmas are no longer “ideal”. Of course, to explain why this is of experimental and theoretical interest, we must first understand what we mean by “ideal” plasma physics, how the plasmas created by x-ray lasers differ from that framework, and what the subsequent complications (and implications) are in understanding them. We will briefly outline the multi-faceted key parameter that defines a plasma (the so-called plasma parameter), and show why, in the XFEL (and many astrophysically-relevant cases), our plasmas are far from ideal. We will show that this leads to great difficulties in understanding much of the basic physics of a good fraction of the physical universe – including its equation of state, and optical, thermodynamic, and transport properties. We will show how various concepts to use x-ray lasers as pumps and/or as probes affords the opportunity to overcome many of these difficulties. In addition to this excursion into the fundamental physics of dense plasmas, we will also briefly discuss how solid-state matter reacts at ultra-high pressures – an area that has seen a paradigm shift in the way that it is understood in recent years: it used to be thought that the spatial arrangement of atoms within a solid would become simple, and “close-packed” (that is to say face-centred cubic or hexagonal close-packed) upon large compressions, whereas we now have evidence that the domain of solids becomes ever-more complex as high pressures are applied. Coupled with novel optical-laser-based ramp-compression techniques, XFELs provide a unique window into the exotic phases we may expect to find within worlds beyond our own.

X-ray FELs for Biological Science

Thomas Barends

Dept. of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany


X-ray Free Electron Lasers are pushing back the limits of possibility in biological

imaging and structure determination. By providing extremely bright pulses of femtosecond duration, X-ray FELs promise imaging of single particles and structure determination of micron-sized crystals with unprecedented time resolution.

We will discuss the investigation of biological samples using XFEL radiation in two parts: single particle imaging [1] and biological crystallography [2-4]. Using recent examples of both we will discuss all aspects of such studies, from sample preparation to sample delivery [1, 5-7] and data processing and evaluation [8-11].

Finally, we will go into the particular challenges of time-resolved crystallographic studies using FEL radiation [12]. References: 1. M. M. Seibert et al., Nature 470, 78 (2011). 2. T. R. M. Barends et al., Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. 69, 838 (2013). 3. S. Boutet et al., Science 337,362 (2012). 4. H. N. Chapman et al., Nature 470, 73 (2011). 5. D. P. DePonte et al., Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics 41, 195505 (2008). 6. L. C. Johansson et al., Nature Methods 9, 263 (2012). 7. U. Weierstall, J. C. H. Spence, and R. B. Doak, Review of Scientific Instruments 83, 035108 (2012). 8. R. A. Kirian et al., Optics Express 18, 5713 (2010). 9. R. A. Kirian et al., Acta Crystallographica Section A 67, 131 (2011). 10. T. A. White et al., J. Appl. Cryst. 45, 335 (2012). 11. S. Kassemeyer et al., Optics Express 20, 4149 (2012). 12. A. Aquila et al., Optics Express 20, 2706 (2012).

Thomas

http://www.mpimf-heidelberg.mpg.de/en University Education Ph.D.: 2004, University of Groningen Post-doc:2004-2005, University of Groningen 2005-2009, MPI for Medical Research Professional Career: 2010-present: Staff Scientist, MPI for Medical Research

ContributedTalks(alphabetical order)

The X-ray structure of

CTP:L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase

from Archaeoglobus fulgidus

José A. Brito, Nuno Borges, Helena Santos, Margarida Archer

a Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB-UNL), Oeiras - PORTUGAL


Di-myo-inositol phosphate (DIP), is the most widespread organic solute in microorganisms adapted to hot

environments. Until now, DIP has never been encountered in organisms with optimal growth temperatures

below 60o C and, hence, the assumption that it plays a role in the thermoprotection of cellular components

in vivo (1). The biosynthesis of DIP involves the activation of L-myo-inositol to CDP-myo-inositol via the

action of a recently discovered CTP:L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (IPCT) activity (2). In

most cases, IPCT is part of a bifunctional enzyme comprising two domais: a cytoplasmic domain with

IPCT activity and a membrane domain with di-myo-inositol-1-phosphate-phosphate synthase (DIPPS)

activity catalysing the synthesis of di-myo-inositol-1,3’-phosphate-1’-phosphate from CDP-inositol and

L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate (3).

We have solved the crystal structure of the IPCT soluble domain from Archaeoglobus fulgidus DSMZ 7324

to 1.9 Å (4). The IPCT domain is composed of a central seven-stranded mixed β-sheet, of which six

β-stands are parallel, surrounded by six α-helices, a fold reminiscent of the dinucleotide-binding

Rossmann fold. The enzyme shares structural homology with other pyrophosphorylases showing the

canonical motif G-X-G-T-(R/S)-X4-P-K. CTP, inositol-1-phosphate and CDP-inositol were docked into the

catalytic site which provided insights into the binding mode and high specificity of the enzyme to CTP.

Reference:[1] H. Santos, P. Lamosa, T.Q. Faria, N. Borges & C. Neves. In Physiology and biochemistry ofextremophiles, ASM publishers, Washington, DC, (2007).[2] N. Borges, et al. J Bacteriol 188, 8128, (2006). [3] M.V. Rodrigues, et al. J Bacteriol 189, 5405, (2007).[4] J.A. Brito, N. Borges, H. Santos & M. Archer. J Bacteriol 193, 2177, (2011).

Brito, José A.http://mx.itqb.unl.pt/mpx/University Education

Ph.D.: 2011, ITQB-UNL (Portugal)Post-doc: 2011-present, ITQB-UNL (Portugal)

The LUNEX5 project

Marie-Emmanuelle Couprie a, Alexandre Loulergue a, Paul Morin a on behalf of theLUNEX5 project team

a Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, France, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, 91 192Gif-sur-Yvette, France


LUNEX5 (free electron Laser Using a New accelerator for the Exploitation of X-rayradiation of 5th generation) aims at investigating the production and use of short,intense, and coherent pulses in the soft X-ray region in the frame of a multi-laboratoriespartnership (Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, LAL, Orsay, PhLAM, CERLA, Lille,LCPMR, Paris, LOA, Palaiseau, CEA/DSM/IRAMIS and IRFU/SPAM, Saclay). Theproject consists of a Free Electron Laser (FEL) demonstrator enabling advancedseeding configurations (High order Harmonic in Gas seeding and Echo EnableHarmonic Generation) with short period cryogenic undulators. LUNEX5 will use twocomplementary accelerators: a 400 MeV Superconducting Linear Acceleratorcompatible with a future high repetition rate and multi-FEL operation enablinginvestigations of the advanced FEL schemes; and a 0.4 - 1 GeV Laser Wake FieldAccelerator (LWFA), to be qualified in view of FEL application in the single spike orseeded regime. Two pilot user experiments for time-resolved studies of isolated speciesand solid state matter dynamics will take benefit of the FEL radiation and providefeedback of the performance of the different schemes under real user conditions.Scientific vision beyond the LUNEX5 demonstrator together with experience acquiredwith the existing FEL by the French user community will enable to up-date the sourceneeds and further tests on LUNEX5, as a step before a multi-user facility. After theConceptual Design Report (CDR)1, R&D has been launched on specific magneticelements (cryo-ready 3 m long in-vacuum undulator, a variable strong permanentmagnet quadrupoles), on diagnostics (coherent Smith-Purcell, electro-optical sampling).Recent proposed longitudinal and transverse manipulation on the transport from aLWFA starting with realistic beam parameters (1 % energy spread, 1 µm size and 1mrad divergence) indicates theoretical FEL amplification. A proof-of-principle experimentis under preparation.

Couprie Marie-Emmanuelle University Education :

École Normale SupérieurePh.D.: 1989, Univ. Paris XI, HDR : 1997, Univ. Paris XI

Professional Career:1989-2006: CEA, Service de Photons, Atomes et Molécules 1989-2003 :Laboratoire d’Utilisation du Rayonnement Électromagnétique, in charge of the Super-ACO FEL2006-present: SOLEIL synchrotron, Head of Magnetism andInsertion Device group, Source division, Head of LUNEX5

1 http://www.lunex5.com/spip.php?article6

Atomic kinetics in gas and solid under strong XFELirradiation

Basil Deschaud a, Olivier Peyrusse a, Frank Rosmej b

a Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université Bordeaux-1, CEA, CNRS,33400 Talence, France

b Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (LULI), Ecole Polytechnique, CEA,CNRS, 91120 Palaiseaux, France


Atomic kinetics under XFEL irradiation is discussed in two specific cases ofinterest : dilute xenon gas in the x-ray (keV) range and solid aluminum in the XUVrange. In the first case, electron collisional processes can be neglected while in thesecond case, in addition to radiative processes, these collisional processes are offundamental importance in the ionization dynamics. The calculation is performed with acollisional-radiative model (CRM) which calculates the population evolution of a set ofconfigurations (or superconfigurations) under the XFEL irradiation. In a dilute Xe gas, weuse the CRM with a large set of properly defined superconfigurations allowing theresonant photoexcitations which have been shown to be crucial for interpreting theunexpected high charge states reported in recent experiments at LCLS [1]. Whenconsidering the interaction with a solid material, the electronic density as well as theelectronic temperature are calculated together with the populations of bound(super)levels. We find that the radiation-induced transparency of solid Al under intenseXUV pulses reported in [2] can be explained from a balance of three elementary atomicprocesses which no longer holds when increasing the fluence.

Reference:1. B. Rudek, et al., Nat. Photon. 6 (2012) 858.2. B. Nagler, et al., Nat. Phys. 5 (2009) 693 696.

Basil DeschaudUniversity Education

Student : 2008-2012, Paris 6Ph.D. Student : 2012-present, Bordeaux 1

Probing solid to warm dense matter dynamics withtime-resolved dispersive XANES with x-ray

free-electron laser

J. Gaudin a,b , B. Chimiera, B.I. Choc, K. Engelhornc, C. Fourmenta, E. Galtierd,M. Harmande,f, B. Holstg, P. M. Leguaya,H. J. Leed, A. Lévyf, B. Naglerd,

M. Nakatsutsumib, C. Ozkanb, O. Peyrussea, V. Recoulesg, M. Störmerh, S. Toleikise,P. Audebertf, Th. Tschentscherb, P. A. Heimannd, F. Dorchiesa

a Univ. Bordeaux, CEA, CNRS, CELIA, Talence, Franceb European XFEL, Hamburg, Germany

c Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA d SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA

e HASYLAB/DESY, Hamburg, Germanyf Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Palaiseau, France

g CEA-DIF, Bruyères-le-Châtel, Franceh Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germanyde Physique de Rennes,


The advent of fs lasers has shed new light on non-equilibrium physics. The ultrafastenergy absorption by electrons, and the finite rate of their energy transfer to the lattice,triggers a new class of non-thermal processes in solids of primordial importance inmaterial science. In this contribution, we demonstrate the possibility to perform timeresolved XANES measurements. That is a priori nontrivial considering the fluctuatingspectra of SASE X-FEL radiation. This technique provides simultaneously information onthe valence electrons and on the atomic local arrangement.

Our experiment was focused on Mo, a transition metal with a partly filled 4d band.This choice was motivated by recent results highlighting the role of d bands in possiblelattice strengthening under non-equilibrium conditions. The experiment was performedat the MEC station at LCLS. The optical fs laser was focused on a 100 nm Mo layer atfluences in the few J/cm² range. We took advantage of the natural 0.5% bandwidth ofthe X-FEL pulse to measure spectra near at the Mo LIII-edge. A quartz crystal was usedto disperse the incident X-FEL pulse, providing few pulse measurements for differentdelays. We describe the specific procedure used to extract the absorption spectra,minimizing the noise down to 1 % level. A time-resolved series of Mo XANES spectra ispresented, revealing the dynamics of 4d band during the laser-heated phase followed bythe hydrodynamic expansion of the Mo plasma in vacuum.

Tracking the chemical reactions with combined ultrafast x-ray spectroscopies and scattering

W. Gawelda1, T. A. Assefa1, A. Galler1, K. Haldrup2, T. B. van Driel2, K. S. Kjær2, A. Dohn2, M. Christensen2, T. Harlang3, S. E. Canton3, J. Uhlig3, G. Vanko4, Z. Nemeth4, A. Bordage4, H. Lemke5, D. Zhu5, M. Cammarata5, G. Doumy6, A. M. March6, K. J. Gaffney7, S. Southworth6, M. M. Nielsen2, V. Sundstrom3

and C. Bressler1

1European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany 2NEXMAP, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark

3Department of Chemical Physics and MAX-Lab, Lund University, SK-22100 Lund, Sweden 4Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy Sciences, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary

5LCLS, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA 6X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA

7PULSE Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

Ultrafast structural dynamics is an emerging field aiming to deliver a detailed understanding of the elementary steps in reacting chemical species, which involve changes in their nuclear, electronic and spin states. Such processes are vital ingredients in chemistry and biology, but also in technological applications, including efficient charge transport in solar energy converters and ultrafast switchable molecular magnets.

In order to unravel the complex dynamic behavior in photoexcited molecules we have implemented a suite of ultrafast x-ray spectroscopic and scattering tools to zoom into both the electronic and nuclear structures, with the goal to ultimately deliver a molecular movie of ongoing chemical processes. In view of the many potential applications in chemical and biological dynamics it is desirable to increase the signal-to-noise (S/N) level of such experiments as well as to decrease the time resolution into the femtosecond time domain.

We will present our benchmark results using a versatile setup that permits simultaneous measurements of ultrafast (picosecond down to femtosecond) x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies combined with x-ray diffuse scattering. This combined scattering and spectroscopic approach has recently been established by us at several synchrotron1,2 and XFEL3 lightsources. We applied it to study different photochemical systems in liquid media, ranging from nascent radicals in solution to photocatalytic systems, with the goal to deliver a deeper understanding of the elementary steps in chemical reactivity.

References: [1] K. Haldrup, G. Vankó, W. Gawelda, A. Galler, G. Doumy, A. M. March, E. P. Kanter, A. Bordage, A. Dohn, T. B. van Driel, K. S. Kjær, H. T. Lemke, S. E. Canton, J. Uhlig, V. Sundstrom, L. Young, S. H. Southworth, M. M. Nielsen and C. Bressler, J. Phys. Chem. A, 116, 9878 (2012).

[2] G. Vankó, A. Bordage, P. Glatzel, E. Gallo, M. Rovezzi, W. Gawelda, A. Galler, C. Bressler, G. Doumy, A. M. March, E. P. Kanter, L. Young, S. H. Southworth, S. E. Canton, J. Uhlig, G. Smolentsev, V. Sundström, K. Haldrup, T. B. van Driel, M. M. Nielsen, K. S. Kjaer and H. T. Lemke, J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2012.09.012, (2012).

[3] H. T. Lemke, C. Bressler, L. X. Chen, D. M. Fritz, K. J. Gaffney, A. Galler, W. Gawelda, K. Haldrup, R. W Hartsock, H. Ihee, J. Kim, K. H. Kim, J. H. Lee, M. M. Nielsen, A. B. Stickrath, W. Zhang, D. Zhu and M. Cammarata, J. Phys. Chem. A 117, 735 (2013).

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Role of a hidden phase in the gigantic photo-responseof strongly correlated systems studied by ultrafast

dynamical structural probing

Shinya Koshihara

CREST, JST and Department of Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H61 Oh-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551 Japan


Tuning cooperative phenomena such as phase transition artificially by external stimulation is a key subject for materials science, device application and even biological science today. Especially, achieving the control of the phase transition by light excitationwhich is named as photo-induced phase transition (PIPT) is becoming important target for wide field of optical science. Because ultra-fast conversion of magnetic, dielectric, structural and optical properties by weak light is expected for PIPT materials as a result of cooperative interactions.

In spite of various attractive natures of PIPT, the research of this field is facing a difficult and essential problem, i.e. can we realize and identify a new phase of solid based on novel lattice structure which is unique for the photo-excited condition so called as a ‘hidden phase’? This ‘hidden phase’ with electronic and structural order realized only by optical excitation is important merit of PIPT process for achieving ultrafast and sensitive phase control via pure photonic channel free from thermal effect. Here, we demonstrate that light excitation reveals a ‘hidden charge and orbital ordered (CO-OO) phase’ which can never be achieved under thermo-equilibrium condition, and it really becomes the origin of the sensitive photo-induced change in optical property of various inorganic and organic crystals [1,2].

References[1] H.Ichikawa et al., Nature Materials 10 (2011) 101.[2] M.Gao et al., Nature 496 (2013) 343.

Shinya Koshiharahttp://www.cms.titech.ac.jp/%7Ekoshihara/

University EducationPh.D.: 1991, Univ.TokyoPost-doc:1991-1993, RIKEN

Professional Career:1993-1999: Associate Professor2000-present: Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

Adatom dynamics, electron correlations and spin order in tin 2D lattices on Si and Ge(111) surfaces

Guy Le Lay,a,b Fabio Ronci,b A. Cricenti,b and Stefano Colonnab

a Aix-Marseille University, CNRS-CINaM, Campus de Luminy, Case 913, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France

b ISM CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy


Semiconductor surfaces with two-dimensional metal-induced electron systems often

comprise a rich body of low-dimensional physics driven by electron correlations. This is

especially the case for the tin (and lead) induced 3x3R(30°) superstructures formed at

the silicon and germanium (111) surfaces by one-third monolayer (ML) of these adatoms

decorating threefold atop sites. For such low coverage systems competing phenomena

maybe at stake, such as dynamical fluctuations1 and Mott-insulator transitions

accompanied by unusual row-wise antiferromagnetic spin alignment possibly due to

geometric frustration2.

The key role of dynamics in these systems will be particularly addressed through

planned fs photoelectron spectroscopy measurements

References: 1. F. Ronci, S. Colonna, A. Cricenti and G. Le Lay, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 166103 (2007). 2. G. Li et al.,, Nature Commun. 4, 1620 (2013).

Guy Le Lay University Education Ph.D.: 1972, Université de Provence, Marseille « Habilitation » 1977, Université de Provence, Marseille Professional Career: 1968-1981: Associate Professor

1982-present: Professor, Aix-Marseille University, France

Ultrafast structural dynamics of myoglobin in solution

Matteo Levantino,a Henrik T. Lemkeb, Giorgio Schiròc, Grazia Cottonea, AntonioCupanea, Marco Cammaratad

a Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo, Italyb Linear Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, USA

c Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, Franced Institut de Physique de Rennes, Université Rennes 1-CNRS, Rennes, France


Proteins are macromolecules that, in order to perform their specific biological function,undergo structural changes that may imply the motion of hundreds of atoms. Investigating thetime scale of these molecular motions and elucidating the corresponding reaction pathway is amajor goal of biophysics. Hemeproteins, and myoglobin (Mb) in particular, have beenprototypical model systems for studying non-equilibrium protein dynamics [1]. Challenging(sub)picosecond laser photolysis experiments using various spectroscopic techniques [2-4]suggested that significant Mb structural changes occur in the picosecond to tens-of-picosecondstime scale, although different techniques have reported different characteristic times. Recenttime-resolved wide-angle X-ray scattering (TR-WAXS) experiments performed at the APS andESRF synchrotrons confirmed that the majority of Mb structural changes happen within 100 ps(the time resolution of their experiments) [5-6]. In order to investigate Mb motions that occur insolution within 100 ps from ligand photolysis, which likely involve the relative motion of proteinhelices, we have performed TR-WAXS experiments at the XPP beamline of the LCLS. Thesensitivity of TR-WAXS to protein global conformational changes combined with the high timeresolution attainable at the LCLS allowed us to track the ultrafast structural dynamics of Mb insolution. Our data clearly show that the motion of Mb helices surprisingly initiates in hundreds offemtoseconds and extends up to 100 ps. We have also observed a large signal evolution in thesmall-angle scattering region that is likely due to an ultrafast change in the protein volume.

References:1. H. Frauenfelder, B.H. McMahon, P.W. Fenimore, PNAS 100, 86157 (2003).2. T. Causgrove, R. Dyer, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 32737 (1996).3. T. Dartigalongue, C. Niezborala, F. Hache, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9: 16115 (2007).4. A. Sato, Y. Gao, T. Kitagawa, Y. Mizutani, PNAS 104: 962732 (2007).5. H.S. Cho, N. Dashdorj, F. Schotte, T. Graber, R. Henning, P. Anfinrud, PNAS 107, 72816 (2010).6. K.H. Kim, K.Y. Oang, J. Kim, J.H. Lee, Y. Kim, H. Ihee, Chem. Commun. 47, 28991 (2011).

Matteo Levantinohttp://portale.unipa.it/persone/docenti/l/matteo.levantino

University EducationPh.D.: 2006, University of Palermo, Italy

Professional Career:2009-present: Assistant Professor, University of

Palermo, Italy

In vivo grown crystals represent well-suited targets forserial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX) at

free-electron lasers

Lars Redecke,a K. Nass,b,c Dirk. Rehders,a Francesco Stellato,c Marco Klinge,a

Daniel P. DePonte,c Thomas A. White,c Anton Barty,c Michael Duszenko,d John C.H.Spence,e Petra Fromme,f Ilme Schlichting,g Christian Betzel,h Henry N. Chapman,b,c

a Joint Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, University ofHamburg and University of Lübeck, c/o DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany

b Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germanyc Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), c/o DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.

d Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,Germany.

e Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287, USA.f Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287,

USA.g Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

h Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, 22607Hamburg, Germany.


Protein crystallization within living cells has been observed several times in nature,e.g. for storage proteins in seeds. In vivo crystal growth can also occur spontaneouslyduring over-expression of proteins, as reported for the baculovirus/Sf9 insect cell systemand recently also in mammalian cells. However, in vivo grown crystals were notconsidered for structural biology so far, largely attributed to the small crystal size thatprevented diffraction data collection at conventional synchrotron sources.

We observed spontaneous crystallization of four entirely different proteins from firefly,avian reovirus, and from the parasite Trypanosoma brucei within insect cells. Applyinglive-cell imaging techniques, we provide first insights into the process of intracellularcrystal growth. Free-electron laser-based serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography(SFX) [1] was initially applied on isolated in vivo crystals of trypanosomal cathepsin B.After injected across the pulsed laser beam, the combined single-pulse diffractionpattern allowed the elucidation of the room-temperature 2.1 Å resolution structure of thefully glycosylated precursor complex, revealing the mechanism of native TbCatBinhibition [2,3]. Since this cysteine protease is involved in host protein degradation bythe parasite, it is a promising target to develop new treatments against sleepingsickness. Following this strategy, we additionally elucidated the 3 Å resolution structure

of trypanosomal inosin monophosphate dehydrogenase by SFX techniques as a secondexample.

Our study demonstrates for the first time that new high-resolution biomolecularinformation can be obtained by the “diffraction-before-destruction” approach of x-rayFELs from hundreds of thousands of individual crystals. Moreover, we show that in vivogrown crystals are suitable targets for structural biology applying SFX, which offersexciting new possibilities for proteins that do not form crystals suitable for conventionalX-ray diffraction in vitro.

Reference:1. H.N. Chapman HN et al. Femtosecond X-ray protein nanocrystallography. Nature 470, 73-77 (2011).2. R. Koopmann,* K. Kupelli,* L. Redecke* et al. In vivo protein crystallization opens new routes in

structural biology. Nat. Methods 9, 259-262 (2012).3. L. Redecke,* K. Nass* et al. Native inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei cathepsin B revealed by an X-ray

laser at 2.1 Å resolution. Science , (2013).

Lars Redeckehttp://www.juniorgroup-sias.deUniversity Education

Ph.D.: 2005, University of HamburgPost-doc: 2005-2006, University Medical Center Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany2007-2008, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Germany2009, Max-Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, Hamburg, Germany

Professional Career2009-present: Head of Junior Research Group “Structural Infection Biology Applying new Radiation Sources(SIAS)”, Joint Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, University of Hamburg and University of Lübeck, Germany

Ultrafast XFEL Diffraction Measurements of Femtosecond Laser-driven Shock-Compressed Fe

@ SACLA

Tomokazu Sano,a Tomoki Matsuda,a Akio Hirose,a Norimasa Ozaki,a Hiroyuki Uranishi,a Takeshi Matsuoka,a Ryosuke Kodama,a Kazuto Arakawa,b Yuji Sano,c Toshimori Sekine,d Yoshihiko Tange,e Tadashi Togashi,f Kensuke Tono,f Yuichi

Inubushi,g Takahiro Sato,g Makina Yabashi,g Osami Sakatah

a Osaka University, Japan b Shimane University, Japan

c Toshiba Corporation, Japan d Hiroshima University, Japan

e Ehime University, Japan f Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute

g RIKEN-SACLA, Japan h National Institute for Materials Science, Japan


We directly observed lattice dynamics at an early stage of shocked state using

ultrafast XFEL-diffraction. Femtosecond laser-driven shocked-Fe behaves elastically in the initial state for the ultrahigh-strain-rate deformation of 1.8x109 /s with the peak stress of ~ 20 GPa. During 100 ps after the initial elastic state, the elastic state transits to plastic state. The plastic state keeps 20 → 13 GPa in ~ns, however, neither hcp nor fcc peaks appear. Combination of femtosecond laser-driven shock wave realizing ultrahigh-strain- rate deformation with XFEL must open up novel materials science under extreme conditions. Tomokazu Sano

Associate Professor Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JAPAN Tel & Fax: +81-6-6879-7537 http://www.mapse.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/sano/en/

Observation and modeling of non-MaxwellianK-shell spectra in cold, dense plasmas

Michal Šmída,b, Oldřich Rennera, Frank B. Rosmejc,d

a Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences CR, Prague, Czech RepublicbCzech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague, Czech Republic

c Sorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, Franced LULI, École Polytechnique, CEA, CNRS, Palaiseau, France


The K-shell X-ray emission of low-ionized Cu and Ti from laser irradiation experiments are presented and interpreted using synthetic spectra calculated with Collisional-radiative simulations.

The experiments performed at Prague PALS laser consisted in laser irradiation (1315 nm, 300 ps, I = 4×1016 W cm-2) of Cu or Ti targets. During the interaction of the incoming beam with the plasma corona, instabilities generate suprathermal (hot) electrons. These electrons propagate into the dense part of the target where they produce K-shell holes of ions in different ionization stages. The corresponding K-shell radiation is carrying information on both hot electron fraction and the bulk plasma temperature. The experimental spectra consists of well separated lines of He-like (Cu 28) till Ne-like (Cu 20) emission and a composite line produced by lower-ionized atoms

Detailed analysis of these spectra with publicly available FLYCHK code permits characterization of the relation between the bulk temperature and the number of hot electrons.Michal Šmíd

http://kfe.fjfi.cvut.cz/~smid/University Education

MSc.: 2011, Czech Technical University, PraguePhD: ongoing, Czech Technical University, Prague

Professional Career:2009-present: Institute of Physics of the ASCR, Czech Rep.

Thin layers under extreme XUV/SXR irradiations

Ryszard Sobierajski,a

aIntitute of Pysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland


Interaction of intense ultrashort extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft x-ray pulses with solid

matter will be described. With the advent of the XFEL sources, a unique combination of

radiation properties created new research possibilities. A systematic study of structural

changes in materials, their electronic properties, as well as transition dynamics and

energy transfer processes are possible with unprecedented spatio-temporal accuracy. As

typical pulse duration, on the order of femtoseconds, is shorter than most of the time

constants related to structural transformations and to the energy transfer, it is possible to

separate the processes from influence of radiation absorption during the pulse duration.

Moreover, it possible to avoid nonlinearities in absorption what radically simplifies the

modeling of the subsequent physical processes. However, properties of the intense FEL

beam create, apart new experimental opportunities, the extreme demands to optical

elements applied in the experimental equipment. Amongst the most serious issues is

radiation load imposed on detectors and to most of optical elements served for beam

diagnostics, controlling and shaping. For the above reasons, nanolayers - materials

applied in optical and detection systems with intense short-wavelength beams - are of a

particular interest. Results of the recent experimental work at four FEL facilities – FLASH

in Germany, LCLS in US, VUV FEL and SACLA in Japan - will be presented.

Reference: 1. SP Hau-Riege, et al., Applied Physics Letters 95, 111104 (2009) 2. AR Khorsand et al., Opt. Express 18, 700 (2010) 3. R Sobierajski et al., Opt. Express 19, 194 (2011) 4. J Gaudin et al., Physical Review B 86, 024103 (2012)

Ryszard University Education: Ph.D.: 2005, Institute of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Post-doc: 2007-2010, FOM Institute for Plasma Physics Rijnhuizen, Utrecht, Holland Professional Career: 2005-present, adjunct at the Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland

Magnetic properties of an ultrathin CoO/PtFe double-layer: an XAS study using polarized light

Anne D. Lamirand,a Marcio M. Soares,a Aline Y. Ramos,a Hélio C. N. Tolentino

a Institut Néel, CNRS and UJF, Grenoble, France

,a Maurizio De Santis,a Julio C. Cezar,b Abner de Siervo,c Matthieu Jametd

b Laboratorio Nacional de Luz Sincrotron, LNLS, Campinas, Brazil cInstituto de Fisica, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil

d INAC, CEA, Grenoble, France


We report on the exchange coupling properties and magnetic structure of an ultrathin

CoO/PtFe double-layer system with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The cobalt oxide growth by reactive molecular beam epitaxy on a Pt-terminated PtFe/Pt(001) surface leads to an hexagonal surface and monoclinic distorted CoO film at room temperature [1]. The distorted 3nm-CoO layer couples with the 1nm-PtFe(001) layer giving rise to a strong perpendicular exchange bias shift. Base on soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy calculations [2], we provide a full description of the spin orientation in the CoO/PtFe double-layer system that is in close agreement with a recent theoretical prediction [3]. The exchange bias shift is preserved up to the ordering temperature of TN=293 K, providing a unique example where the blocking and Néel temperatures are identical and match the bulk CoO Néel temperature. Such exceptional behavior for an ultrathin CoO layer shares a close relationship with the strain-induced distortion of the oxide layer.

Reference: 1. Anne D. Lamirand et al, submitted Phys. Rev.; A.D Lamirand, PhD Thesis (2011-2014), UJF, Grenoble. 2. G. van der Laan et al, Phys. Rev. B 77, 064407 (2008) and references therein. 3. F. Mittendorfer et al, Phys. Rev. Lett; 109, 015501 (2012). Hélio Tolentino

http://neel.cnrs.fr/ University Education Ph.D.: 1990, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay Professional Career: 1991-2005: Researcher at LNLS (Brazilian Synchrotron) 2005-present: Researcher Institut Néel, CNRS and UJF,

Grenoble, France

Posters(alphabetical order)

New Strategies for Solving the Crystallographic Phase Problem

Lorenzo Galli1,2, Sang-Kil Son1, Anton Barty1,Max Nanao3,Thomas A White1, Petra Fromme4, Robin Santra1, Ilme Schlichting5, John C Spence4 and Henry N

Chapman1,2, et al. 1: Center for Free Electron Laser Science / DESY, Hamburg, Germany

2: University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 3: EMBL, Grenoble Outstation, and Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France 4: Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA

5: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany


X-ray free-electron lasers(FELs) have shown promise for revealing the structure of single molecules or nanocrystals, and the first high resolution structures of proteins have been determined with molecular replacement [1,2], using the method of serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX). The extreme brightness of the FEL radiation causes the crystal to explode during the x-ray pulse, but the radiation damage effect can be overcome using short x-ray pulses. The intense irradiation, however, ionizes multiple times the atomic species of the protein, and the scattering factor may change visibly while the crystal is still diffracting. A generalized version of the Karle-Hendrickson equation at high x-ray intensity has been proposed by some of the authors [3], based on the preferential bleaching of the heavy atoms scattering factors in the extreme intensities.

Here we prove that the fading of the diffraction from the sulfur atoms in a native protein can be used as a general and universal approach to phasing, and that an available hard x-ray FEL such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) possesses enough brightness to highly ionize the sulfurs, allowing a partial retrieval of the substructure on Cathepsin B microcrystals collected at different x-ray fluences. This is the first step to high intensity phasing. Reference: 1. S. Boutet et al., Science 337, 362 (2012).

2. L. Redecke et al., Science 339 , 6116 (2013).

3. S. Son et al. , PRL 107, 218102 (2011).

Lorenzo http://desy.cfel.de/cid/team/ University Education Master degree in Physics: 2010, Universita’ degli Studi di Trieste 2011-present, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg

Progress of VUV optics-filter free harmonics seeding at Maxlab test-FEL

a Byunghoon Kim, Fernando Brizuela, David Kroon, Anne L’Huillier, MathieuGisselbrecht

bFranchesca Curbis, Filip Lindau, Nino Cutic, Erik Mansten, Sara Thorin, SverkerWerin

a Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden b MAX IV laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden


To improve temporal spatial coherence of Free electron laser radiation, various kindof seeding schemes have been proposed and demonstrated1-3. The Maxlab test-FELsuccessfully demonstrated coherent harmonic generation by 263nm seed2. For furtherdevelopment, we proposed direct implementation harmonic generation cell intobeamline. This scheme isn’t needed any additional optics for laser harmonics. In spite oftechnical challenges such as vacuum control, depletion of electron in gas, it is easy toextend shorter wavelength seeding by higher harmonics. The paper will discuss thestatus of experiment.

Reference:1. Z. T. Zhao, et al., Nat.Photonics 6 360-363 (2012)2. N. Cutic, et al., Phys. Rev. STAB 14, 030706 (2011)3. J. Amann, et al., Nat. Photonics 6 693-698 (2012).

The Creation of Large-Volume, Gradient-Free Warm Dense Matter with an X-ray Free-Electron Laser

A. Lévya, P. Audebertb, R. Shepherdc, J. Dunnc, M. Cammaratad, O. Ciricostae, F. Deneuvillef, F. Dorchiesf, M. Fajardog, C. Fourmentf, D. Fritzd, J. Fuchsb,

J. Gaudinh, M. Gauthierb, A. Grafc, H. J. Leed, H. Lemked, B. Naglerd, J. Parkc, O. Peyrussef, A. B. Steelc, S. M. Vinkoe, J. S. Warke, G. O. Williamsg and R. W. Leed

a Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France bLULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France

cLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USAdLCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

eDept. of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK

fUniv. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR5107,

F-33405 Talence, France gInstituto Superior Técnico, Av Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal

hEuropean XFEL GmbH, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany


We report on an experiment performed using the hard x-ray beamline (X-ray Pump

Probe-XPP) at the Stanford Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) free electron laser adapted to the study of high-pressure high-energy density (HED) states.

This warm dense matter regime, which is barely described by present-day theoretical

models, is poorly understood due to the difficulty of achieving these conditions in a manner that allows accurate diagnosis. The development of free electron laser instruments opens a unique opportunity to generate this regime in the laboratory allowing one to efficiently and uniformly heat the matter up to 15 eV in under 100 fs. This experiment is of general importance since this regime of matter is accessed in a broad array of research areas ranging from planetology to inertial fusion. In this context, we irradiated 0.5 µm thick Ag foils with a 9 keV x-ray beam of 60 fs duration and an irradiance approaching 1016 Wcm-2. The temporal evolution of the sample was monitored with two Time- And Space- Resolved Interferometry diagnostics measuring the phase and amplitude of an optical laser beam reflected from the front and the back of the sample. This measurement had provided information on the heating uniformity, as well as on the relaxation processes of a sample submitted to ultrafast x-ray heating that creates a highly non equilibrium state.

Coherent spin state photoswitching dynamics in the [FeII(PM-AZA)2(NCS)2] molecular crystals investigated

by femtosecond optical and XANES pump-probe techniques.

A. Marino,a,* M. Servol,a R. Bertoni,a M. Lorenc,a M. Cammarata,a E. Collet,a

C. Mauriac,b S. Matar,b J.F. Létard.b

a Institut de Physique de Rennes, Université Rennes 1-CNRS,

Campus de Beaulieu, 35 042 Rennes, France b ICMCB, CNRS-University Bordeaux I, 87 Av. du Doc. A. Schweitzer, Pessac, France.


We report here on the investigation of the ultrafast photo-switching dynamics of a Fe(II) molecular material Fe(PM-AZA)2(NCS)2 known for undergoing a thermal spin-crossover1. It is observed by magnetic analysis, which shows a weakly cooperative system, in agreement with optical reflectivity spectroscopic measurements2. The photoinduced switching dynamics between the low spin (LS) and the high spin (HS) states is studied with the femtosecond optical pump-probe experiment we develop at the Institute of Physics of Rennes2-5 as well as XANES experiment performed on the XPP beamline at the LCLS X-FEL in Stanford.

By using optical pump-probe transient reflectivity we are able to observe detailed temporal courses of the different transient sates in the subpicosecond time scale. The Fe(PM-AZA)2(NCS)2 molecular crystal shows a complex coherent pathway in the LS-to-HS out-of-equilibrium photoconversion. Subsequential vibrational modes are activated, corresponding to the different molecular breathing optical phonons identified by DFT calculations. Furthermore ultrafast XANES experiment, performed at the X-FEL in Stanford LCLS, confirms a 140 femtosecond structural change. We will present here the results obtained with these two complementary experiments in the frame of DFT calculations, for explaining how the different electronic and structural degrees of freedom are involved in the process bringing the MLCT state to the final HS state.

1. P. Guionneau et al., J. Mater. Chem. 9, 985-994 (1999). 2. A. Marino et al., Polyhedron (2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2013.03.009 3. M. Lorenc et al., Phys. Rev. B 85, 054302 (2012). 4. M. Lorenc et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, 028301 (2009) 5. E. Collet et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 6192-6199 (2012)

Andrea Marino http://www.ipr.univ-rennes1.fr

University Education Ph.D.: 2012-2015, University of Rennes 1, France

Nanocrystallization of iron induced by multiplefemtosecond laser shock loadings

Tomoki Matsuda,a Tomokazu Sano,a Kazuto Arakawa,b Akio Hirose,a

a Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering,Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan,

b Department of Material Science, Interdisciplinary faculty of science and engineering,Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan,


In-situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) using XFEL is the potential tool for measurement of ultrafast

phenomena　 such as femtosecond laser shock compression which induces high strain rate

deformation above 109 s-1. It is significant to investigate not only the behavior of materials under

shock compression but relation between microstructure and mechanical properties in order to

understand how materials are strengthened. In this study, we characterized the distributions of

lattice defects and hardness of multiple shock loaded pure iron for the purpose of investigating

the development of microstructure in the process.

We used polycrystalline pure iron (99.99%) with grain size of 63 μm. Femtosecond laser pulses

with intensity of 1.3×1014 W/cm2 were irradiated on the target with overlapping at 8 μm.

Nanoindentation and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were performed for analysis of

hardness and microstructural observation, respectively.

As the result of nanoindentation, iron was hardened up to 2.6 times matrix. We also found

two-step hardening against the matrix hardness was shown as the threshold at 2 μm from the

surface. TEM observation indicates the two-step hardening is attributed to nanocrystallization

and formation of high dense dislocation. It is confirmed by in-situ XRD using XFEL at SACLA

that high dense dislocations were induced due to high strain rate deformation under single shock

loading. Therefore we suggest interactions between high dense dislocations in the process of

multiple shock loading induced nanocrystallization.

The detail mechanism of microstructural development will be addressed in my presentation.

Tomokihttp://www.mapse.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/w2/University Education

MS: 2013, Osaka UniversityDoctor course: 2013-present, Osaka University

Ultrafast dynamic studies by means of pulsed white x-ray beams

Shunsuke Nozawa,a Tokushi Sato,a Ayana Tomita,a Manabu Hoshino,b Shin-ya Koshihara,b Shin-ichi Adachia

a Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization,

1-1 Oho,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan b Department of Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology,

2-12-1 Oh-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan


An x-ray emitted from a particle accelerator has a unique feature of the pulsed white

(non-monochromatic) beam1. X-ray experiments using the white x-ray from a synchrotron

light source2 such as the Laue diffraction3 for the structural analysis, the energy dispersive

XAFS (DXAFS) and the X-ray emission spectroscopy for the local chemical analysis has

the advantage of its high-efficiency of data acquisition with high flux white beam. The

ultrashort pulse x-ray emitted from XFEL based on a self-amplified spontaneous emission

(SASE) also has a feature of the white beam. In the poster session, the application of

existing x-ray experiments using the white x-ray to ultrafast dynamic studies at the XFEL

light source will be discussed.

Reference: 1. S. Nozawa, S. Adachi, J. Takahashi, R. Tazaki, L. Guerin, M. Daimon, A. Tomita, T. Sato, M. Chollet, E. Collet, H. Cailleau, S. Yamamoto, K. Tsuchiya, T. Shioya, H. sasaki, T. Mori, K. Ichiyanagi, H. Sawa, H. Kawata, and S. Koshihara, J. Synchrotron Rad. 14, 313 (2007). 2. K. Ichiyanagi, T.Sato, S. Nozawa, K.H. Kim, J.H. Lee, J. Choi, A. Tomita, H. Ichikawa, S. Adachi, H. Ihee, and S. Koshihara, J. Synchrotron Rad. 16, 391 (2009). 3. K.H. Kim, J.H. Lee, J. Kim, S. Nozawa, T. Sato, A. Tomita, K. Ichiyanagi, H. Ki, J. Kim, S. Adachi, and H. Ihee, Phy. Rev. Lett. 110, 165505 (2013).

Shunsuke http://pfwww.kek.jp/adachis/NW14/NW14.htm University Education Ph.D.: 2002, Tokyo University of Science Post-doc: 2002-2009, Nagoya Industrial Science Research Institute, KEK, and JST Professional Career: 2009-2012: Research Assistant Professor 2012-present: Associate Professor, High Energy Accelerator

Research Organization, Japan

Insert a photo

here

Resonant Soft X-Ray Scattering on Artificial Spin Ice

Jonathan Perrona,b,c , L. Anghinolfib,c, B. Tudua, N. Jaouend, J.M. Tonnerree,F. Noltingb, J. Lüninga, L.J. Heydermanb,c

a LCP-MR, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, Franceb Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

c Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland

d Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, Francee Institut Néel, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France


Artificial spin ice systems consist of arrays of dipolar coupled nanomagnets

arranged on the sites of kagome or square lattices [1, 2]. At the vertices where the

nanomagnets meet, geometrical frustration prevents all dipolar interactions to be

satisfied. These systems are usually studied with microscopy techniques such as

Lorentz microscopy or photoelectron emission microscopy [3, 4].

In the present work carried out at the synchrotron SOLEIL, the use of a CCD

detector allowed us to measure an extended portion of the reciprocal space. By applying

a magnetic field and using circular left and right polarized light, we followed the

variations in the intensity of the Bragg peaks the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism.

This study demonstrates that information about the magnetic organisation in

artificial spin ice arrays can be deduced from reciprocal space measurements. We

observed pure magnetic Bragg peaks in artificial square ice, which are related to the

establishment of a long range antiferromagnetic ground state ordering in the as-grown

state [5]. Applying a magnetic field annihilated this ordering and evolution of the

scattering pattern as a function of applied field is compared with numerical calculations

based on the kinematical approach resolved in two dimensions.

The presented work is the first step of a long-term project aiming to use single shot

imaging using X-ray free electron lasers to study thermal fluctuations in artificial spin ice

[4].

Reference:1. A.S. Wills et al., Phys. Rev. B 66, 144407 (2002)2. R.F. Wang et al., Nature 439, 303-306 (2006).3. C. Phatak et al., Phys. Rev. B 83, 174431 (2011).4. A. Fahran et al., Nat. Phys. 9, 375-382 (2013); Phys. Rev. Lett. accepted (2013).5. J.P. Morgan et al., Nat. Phys. 7, 75-79 (2011).

Jonathan PerronUniversity Education

M.Sc.Chemistry:2009-2011, Université Pierre et Marie CuriePh.D.: 2011-2014, Université Pierre et Marie Curie

Time-resolved X-ray liquidography for applying XFEL

Tokushi Sato,a Shunsuke Nozawa,a Ayana Tomita,a Manabu Hoshino,b Shin-ya Koshihara,b Shin-ichi Adachia

a Institute of Materials Structure Science,

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization,

1-1 Oho,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan b Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology,

CREST (JST), Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan


A detailed structural characterization of the excited state with atomic resolution in

solution is critically important to understand dynamical properties of molecular reaction.

However, the studies of the excited state in solution have largely been performed using

conventional optical spectroscopy techniques that indirectly provide information related to

the molecular structure. Recently, time-resolved X-ray liquidography (TRXL) or so-called

time-resolved X-ray solution scattering have been developed and are becoming powerful

methods to investigate dynamics of chemical and biological systems.1, 2

Here, we present the experiment of TRXL on the undulator beamline NW14A at the

Photon Factory Advanced Ring (PF-AR) 3, 4 and discuss about the experiment towards

X-ray free electron laser.

Reference: 1. K. H. Kim, J. H. Lee, J. Kim, S. Nozawa, T. Sato, A. Tomita, K. Ichiyanagi, H. Ki, J. Kim, S. Adachi, and H. Ihee, Phy. Rev. Lett. 110, 165505 (2013). 2. K. H. Kim, S. Muniyappan, K. Y. Oang, J. G. Kim, S. Nozawa, T. Sato, S. Koshihara, R. Henning, R. Kosheleva, R. Ki, Y. Kim, T. W. Kim, J. Kim, S. Adachi, H. Ihee J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 7001, (2012). 3. S. Nozawa, S. Adachi, J. Takahashi, R. Tazaki, L. Guerin, M. Daimon, A. Tomita, T. Sato, M. Chollet, E. Collet, H. Cailleau, S. Yamamoto, K. Tsuchiya, T. Shioya, H. sasaki, T. Mori, K. Ichiyanagi, H. Sawa, H. Kawata, and S. Koshihara, J. Synchrotron Radiat., 14, 313 (2007). 4. K. Ichiyanagi, T.Sato, S. Nozawa, K.H. Kim, J.H. Lee, J. Choi, A. Tomita, H. Ichikawa, S. Adachi, H. Ihee, and S. Koshihara, J. Synchrotron Radiat., 16, 391 (2009).

Tokushi http://pfwww.kek.jp/adachis/NW14/NW14.htm

University Education Ph.D.: 2009, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Post-doc: 2009-present, KEK-PF

Probing ultrafast electronic and nuclear dynamics via dissociative photoionization of small molecules:

from XUV synchrotron radiation to FELs

K. Veyrinas,a S. Marggi Poullain,a N. Saquet,a M. Lebech,b and D. Doweka

a Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Université Paris Sud-CNRS, Bat. 350, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France

b Niels Bohr Institute, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark


Dissociative photoionization (DPI) of H2 and D2 at resonance with the Q1 and Q2

doubly excited states gives rise to a rich ultrafast electronic and nuclear dynamics in the

femtosecond regime [1]. In this context, remarkable symmetry breaking in molecular

frame photoemission induced by linearly [2] and circularly [3] polarized VUV synchrotron

radiation have been demonstrated and assigned to interferences between

indistinguishable DPI channels which involve ionic states of different u and g symmetry

[2,3]. The outcome of the interferences depends on the time delays between the relevant

channels, which are controlled by the kinematic of the dissociation process varying for DPI

of the three isotopes H2, D2 and HD.

We will report recent results for resonant DPI of the HD molecule induced by

circularly polarized synchrotron radiation, and discuss a project proposed at FERMI Free

Electron Laser in collaboration with M. Meyer et al (European XFEL, Hamburg) based on

calculations investigating two-VUV-photon ionization [4]. They predict remarkable effects

such as a dramatic increase of DPI relative to non-DPI, an exceptional feature in H2

ionization, which is assigned to the nuclear dynamics induced in the intermediate state.

Reference: 1. J. L. Sanz-Vicario, H. Bachau, and F. Martin, Phys. Rev. A 73, 033410 (2006) and ref. therein. 2. F. Martin et al., Science 315, 569 (2007) ; A. Lafosse et al., J. Phys. B 36, 4683 (2003). 3. D. Dowek et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 233003 (2010). 4. A. Palacios, H. Bachau, and F. Martin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 143001 (2006).

Kévin Veyrinas

University Education 2011-present: Ph.D., Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay,

France

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