ABSTINENCENO SEXUAL ACTIVITY

PERSONAL DECISION

ADVANTAGES:• Natural• Prevents pregnancy• Prevents diseases• No cost• 100% effectiveness• Always with you

DISADVANTAGES:• Relationship conflicts

might occur

MALE CONDOM

Barrier Method: Blocks sperm from egg

ADVANTAGES:

Reduces STD / HIV infections

Easy to obtain

Easy to use

Inexpensive ($1.00/condom)

Reduces cervical cancer in females

Disposable

DISADVANTAGES:

Possible irritations/allergic reactions

Could break or tear

Lessens the sensation

Could interrupt the momentEffectiveness: 86% (actual use) 97% (perfect use)

Obtain: OTC

FEMALE CONDOMBarrier Method: Blocks sperm from egg

ADVANTAGES: Some STD protectionInexpensive ($3.00/condom)Can be worn up to 8 hoursEasy to obtainNo special storageFemale is in controlUsed in place of latexDISADVANTAGES:Noise during intercourseHard to insertCould lessen the sensationMore costly that male condomsMay cause irritations Effectiveness: 79% (actual use) 95% (perfect use)

Obtain: OTC

IUD/IUS

Hormonal: Interferes with implantation, sperm passage, thickening of the uterine lining.

Advantages: Disadvantages:

Long term use (up to 12 years) NO STD/HIV PROTECTION

High effectiveness for pregnancy (99%)Insertion & removal requiredNot messy SpottingNo daily attention needed More difficult menstrual periodsInexpensive ( long term) Could slip out of placeObtain: Doctor or clinicCost: $500-$1000 (Mirena will cost more)

THE BIRTH CONTROL PILLHormonal Method: Stops ovulation, thickens

cervical mucous plug-21 day or 28 day pill packets

ADVANTAGES:Reduce menstrual crampsMakes periods lighterSome protection against PIDHelps acneReduces risks for

endometrial & ovarian cancersovarian cystsPMS, headaches, depressionvaginal dryness & painful intercourseectopic pregnancies

DISADVANTAGES:NO STD/HIV PROTECTIONBleeding between periodsBreast tendernessNausea & vomitingAfter use- 1 to 2 months for menstrual cycle

to return to normalMedical Concerns:

heart attack, stroke, blood clots, liver tumors, gallstones, jaundice, high blood pressure

Effectiveness: 95%-97% (Pregnancy)

Obtain: Dr./Clinic

Cost:$25-$45/month plus doctor visits ($150- $200) $600-$700/yearCombination Pills: Estrogen & Progestin

Mini Pill:Progestin Only

ORTHO-EVRA (THE PATCH)Hormonal Method: Stops ovulation ,thickens

cervical mucous plug-1 patch per week

Advantages:Use once a weekRegulates menstrual cycleSafe, simple, convenientHealth benefits similar to the Pill

Disadvantages: NO STD/HIV PROTECTIONBleeding between periodsBreast tendernessNausea & vomitingSkin irritation where patch is placedSerious health risks similar to Pill

Effectiveness: 99%(Pregnancy)

Obtain: Dr./Clinic

Cost:$35-$45/month plus doctor visits ($150-&200) $700-$800/year

NUVA-RING (THE VAGINAL RING)Hormonal Method: Stops ovulation, thickens

cervical mucous plug -1 ring per month

ADVANTAGES:

Use one a month

Regular or lighter menstrual flows

Same health benefits as the Pill

DISADVANTAGES:

NO STD/HIV PROTECTION

Bleeding between periods

Breast tenderness

Nausea and vomiting

Vaginal discharge, irritation,

infections

Similar disadvantages as the Pill

Effectiveness: 99% (Pregnancy)

Obtain: Dr./Clinic

Cost: $35-$45/month plus doctor visit ($150-$200) $700-$800/year

DEPO-PROVERA (INJECTION)Hormonal Method: Stops ovulation, thickens

cervical mucous plug- shot every 3 months

ADVANTAGES:

Simple to use

Taken once every 3 months

Contains no estrogen

Reduces endometrial cancer

DISADVANTAGES:

NO STD/HIV PROTECTION

Irregular bleeding

Skipped or no menstrual flows

Depression

Headaches, nervousness, dizziness

Effectiveness: 99%(Pregnancy)

Obtain: Dr./Clinic

Cost: $75/shot plus doctor visits $600/year

(Doctor Visits:$150-$200 plus $20-$40 each shot visit)

IMPLANON ( IMPLANT)Hormonal Method: Stops ovulation ,thickens

cervical mucous plug-up to 3 years protection

ADVANTAGES:Contains no estrogenLong lasting pregnancy protection Nothing to take or change for 3 yearsHigh effectiveness in pregnancy protection

DISADVANTAGES:NO STD/HIV PROTECTIONNot readily available yetCostLonger, heavier periodsPain at insertion siteDiscoloring or scarring at insertion site

Effectiveness: 99%(Pregnancy)

Obtain: Dr./Clinic

Cost: $400-$800 insertion

$100-$300 removal($500-$1100 for full term use)

DIAPHRAGMBarrier Method: Blocks sperm from egg

ADVANTAGES:Can last up to 2 yearsEasy to carryNo effect on female’s naturalhormonesCan be inserted before sexual activity

DISADVANTAGES:NO STD/HIV PROTECTIONDifficult to insertMay be pushed out of placeMay need to be refittedCan cause ulcerationsCan cause irritation, urinary tractinfectionsMust be used with spermicide

Effectiveness: 88%(actual)-94%(perfect)

Obtain: Dr./Clinic

Cost: up to $300 includes doctor visits

and spermicidal kits

FEMCAPBarrier Method: Blocks sperm from egg

ADVANTAGES:

Last up to 2 years

Easy to carry

Can be inserted 6 hours before

sexual activity

Can be used while breastfeeding

Immediately reversible

DISADVANTAGES:

NO STD/HIV PROTECTION

Difficult to insert

Refitting

Needs to be cleaned after use

May shift out of place during sexual activity

Only 3 sizes available (S,M,L)

Effectiveness: 86% (never given birth) 79% (given birth)

Obtain: Dr./Clinic

Cost: up to $300 includes doctor visits

and spermicidal kit

“TODAY” SPONGE

Barrier Method: Blocks sperm from egg

ADVANTAGES:Can be wore up to 30 hours before sexual activityCan be used during breastfeedingEasy to carryImmediately reversibleInexpensiveDISADVANTAGES:NO STD/HIV PROTECTIONRisk of TSSDifficult to insertCan be messyVaginal irritationVaginal drynessEffectiveness: 88% (actual) 91% (perfect)

Obtain: OTC

Cost: $3.00-$5.00/sponge

SPERMICIDEBarrier Method: Blocks sperm from egg,

kills sperm

ADVANTAGES:

Good back up method

Cheap

OTC

DISADVANTAGES:

NO STD/HIV PROTECTION

Messy

Must reapply for next

encounter

Must stay in 6-8 hours after use

Could cause allergic reaction

Effectiveness: 79% (actual) 85% (perfect)

Obtain: OTC

Cost: spermicidal kits $8-$17

FEMALE STERILIZATION

Tubal Sterilization vs Vasectomy

Tubal LigationSurgical/Barrier Method:

Blocks sperm and egg from meeting

ADVANTAGES:

Safe and effective

Long term pregnancy protection

Does not change female’s hormones

Less concerns of side effects than other

methods

DISADVANTAGES:

NO STD PROTECTION

Low reversal rate

Initial expense

Surgery and recovery period

Effectiveness: 99.9% (Pregnancy)

Obtain: Dr./Clinic

Cost: up to $6000.00

VasectomySurgical/Barrier Method:

Blocks sperm and egg from meeting

ADVANTAGES:

Safe and effective

Long term pregnancy protection

Outpatient surgery

Cost less than female sterilization

Reversal is possible at a 70 % success rate

DISADVANTAGES:

NO STD PROTECTION

Initial expense

Surgery and recovery period

Swelling of the testicles

Effectiveness: 99.9% (Pregnancy)

Obtain: Dr./Clinic (outpatient)

Cost: up to $1000.00

VASECTOMY