Absolutism of Louis XIV: Background: Louis XIII ( ) Administrative reform, centralized control over regions Intendents Fought Habsburg Dynasty, made France a great power Opposed Hugenots, removed their right to fortified towns Louis XIV (Ruled ) Four Characteristics of Royal Authority Royal authority is sacred It is Paternal It is absolute It is subject to reason Cardinal Mazarin Effective ruler with Louis mother Ruled while Louis was young Powerful and Strongcreated the environment in France that would become absolute monarchy The Fronde Noble uprising Goalmore representation Showed the need to control nobles Very meaningful to Louis Letat cest moi! Sun King Government: Modern, councils, intendants, standing army Seen as first modern government bureaucracy Absolutism as theatre Versailles illes.fr/en/111-M.aspilles.fr/en/111-M.asp Influence of Louis Government and Style Louis XIVs style and methods were copied by other monarchs in Europe The Palace of Versailles was copied Schonnbrun palace in Austria Hohenzollern and Hapsburg emperors Fiscal policy Mercantilismname given to his policy Jean Baptiste Colbert, finance minister from Believed that until France. Put fiscal house in order, it would not achieve greatness; needed overseas colonies, more taxes, better economy Economic development: Five Great Farms Reduced internal French tariffs Improved standards for French products Army needed uniformsweavers, sword makers Taxes and tax collectors 36 Generalites Intendants appointed to each Responsible for tax collecting Eyes and ears of Louis Upper bourgeoisie Essential part of bureaucratic hierarchy Taxes Tailleland tax, nobles exempt Capitation taxdirect tax/head tax on each person Indirect taxes on salt, wine, tobacco Louis and Religion 1685Revocation of Edict of Nantes Jesuits, Quietists, Jansenists all claimed to be true faith Louis believed in One king, one law, one faith Young Louis XIV Louis XIV L etat cest moi! By Hyacinthe Rigaud By Hyacinthe Rigaud Absolutism as theatreVersailles ailles.fr/en/111-M.aspailles.fr/en/111-M.asp Influence of Louis Government and Style Louis XIVs Carriage The Bourbon Family Crest Louis XIV as Apollo by Jean Nocret, 1670 The Sun Symbol Louis XIV Gian Lorenzo Bernini, 1665 Marie Theresa & the Dauphin Jean-Baptiste Colbert Versailles Statistics e 2,000 acres of grounds e 12 miles of roads e 27 miles of trellises e 200,000 trees e 210,000 flowers planted every year e 80 miles of rows of trees e 55 acres surface area of the Grand Canal e 12 miles of enclosing walls e 50 fountains and 620 fountain nozzles e 21 miles of water conduits e 3,600 cubic meters per hour: water consumed e 26 acres of roof e 51,210 square meters of floors e 2,153 windows e 700 rooms e 67 staircases e 6,000 paintings e 1,500 drawings and 15,000 engravings e 2,100 sculptures e 5,000 items of furniture and objects d'art e 150 varieties of apple and peach trees in the Vegetable Garden Louis XIIIs Old Chateau Versailles Today Palais de Versailles Versailles Palace, Park Side Garden View of Versailles Chateau de Versailles Andr Le Ntre, Royal Gardener Versailles Northern Gardens Gardens at Versailles Chateau de Versailles Gardens The Orangery Grounds at Versailles The Lightening of the Belvedere by Claude Chatelet, 1781 Fountains, Fountains, and More Fountains! And More Fountains! And Even More Fountains!!! Temple of Love Hall of Mirrors The Queens Bed The Kings Bed Louis XIVs Chapel Louis XIVs Chapel Altarpiece Organ in Louis XIVs Chapel Louis XIVs Opera Stage Cabinet with Views of Versailles, 19c Louis XIV Furniture The Gallery of Battles Remember Escorial?? Granite, shape of grill, monastery, several churches, criptPhillip II, Catholics Louis XV [r 1774] The Hunts of Louis XV Madame de Pompadour Madame de Pompadours Bedroom Petite Trianon, Madame de Pompadours Chateau Marie Antoinette & Her Children Marie Antoinettes Boudoir Marie Antoinettes Peasant House Marie Antoinettes Peasants Hut