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1 DELHI TRANSCO LIMITED (A Govt. of NCT of Delhi Undertaking) STATE LOAD DESPATCH CENTER REGD. OFFICE: SHAKTI SADAN, KOTLA MARG, NEW DELHI-110002 SLDC Building, 33kV Minto Road Grid Sub-Station, New Delhi-110002 Under the guidance of: - Submitted by:- S.K Srivastav Rahul Bhardwaj Assistant Manager (T) SIMSR PGDM- (Operations)

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DELHI TRANSCO LIMITED

(A Govt. of NCT of Delhi Undertaking)

STATE LOAD DESPATCH CENTER

REGD. OFFICE: SHAKTI SADAN, KOTLA MARG, NEW DELHI-110002

SLDC Building, 33kV Minto Road Grid Sub-Station, New Delhi-110002

Under the guidance of: - Submitted by:-

S.K Srivastav Rahul Bhardwaj

Assistant Manager (T) SIMSR

PGDM- (Operations)

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Certificate of Approval

We approve this Summer Project Report titled " Study and simplify the existing DTL network system

(SCADA) using MIS tools" as a certified study in management carried out and presented in a manner

satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as a prerequisite for the award of Post-Graduate Diploma in

Business Administration for which it has been submitted. It is understood that by this approval we do

not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein

but approve the Summer Project Report only for the purpose it is submitted.

Summer Project Report Examination Committee for evaluation of Summer Project Report Name Signature 1. Faculty Examiner 2. PG Summer Project Co-coordinator

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Certificate from Summer Project Guides

This is to certify that Mr. Rahul Bhardwaj, a student of the Post-Graduate Diploma in Business Administration/ Post Graduate Program, has worked under our guidance and supervision. This

Summer Project Report has the requisite standard and to the best of our knowledge no part of it has been reproduced from any other summer project, monograph, report or book. Organizational Guide Designation Organization Address Date

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am highly indebted to A.K Rathor (Manager) for their invaluable support without which the project could

have not been worked out the way it has. I am very much thankful to S.K Srivastav (Assistance manager

Training) who helped me immensely in understanding the basics and complexities of along with

additions that made the quality of report better. I would also like to extend a note of thanks to all other

employees of Delhi Transco Limited who helped me directly or indirectly in successful completion of my

project. I am also grateful to Prof. ________ who gave his precious inputs, which also helped me to take

the plunge of getting into an absolute different stream of finance.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

S No. TITLE Page No. 1 Executive summary 7

2 Introduction 8

i. DTL 8

ii. SLDC 9

3 Scope of SLDC 10

4 Working of SLDC system 10

5 Organisational chart of SLDC 11

6 Functions of various circles of SLDC 12

i. System operation. 12

ii. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

(SCADA) 12

iii. Energy Accounting 13

7 Committees of SLDC and their working 13

8 Distribution network of electricity in India 16

i. NRLDC 16

ii. ERLDC 17

iii. WRLDC 17

iv. SRLDC 18

v. NERLDC 18

9 Electricity network in Delhi 19

i. NDPL 20

ii. BYPL 22

iii. BRPL 22

iv. NDMC 23

v. MES 26

10 Introduction to MIS in the DTL system 27

11 Main menu of SLDC system 27

12 SCADA MENU 28

i. SCADA HOME 29

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ii. SLDC 36

iii. One lines 54

iv. Communication 54

v. Alarm 55

vi. Net security 57

vii. Gen dispatch 59

viii. Planning 60

ix. System management 61

x. Modelling 63

xi. Net Analyst 64

xii. Generation analyst 64

xiii. System Analyst 65

xiv. Data Exchange 66

xv. Current operational Plan 67

13 Demerits of SLDC 68

14 MIS solution for current system 69

15 Proposed process diagram 70

16 Advantages of using MIS 73

17 Conclusion 73

18 Annexure 75

19 References 78

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

AIM: - Study and simplify the existing DTL network system (SCADA) using MIS tools

Delhi Transco Limited is the state transmission utility of the national capital territory of Delhi which deals

with all the work related to providing electricity to the Delhi region. Every state has their own central

governing body to govern the electricity. It is important to govern the electricity properly because problem

like theft, leakage, breakdowns, etc are very common in the electricity business. So carefully monitoring

the electricity flow is very important. To monitor all this DTL‟s load despatch centre has a system known

as SCADA which brings all the information from all the substations and the power plants which give or

distribute the electricity to the Delhi region. This system is setup only to give and take the information no

controlling is done through this medium. My aim through this training would be to develop a means

through which SCADA can not only gather uninterrupted information from all the parts of the network but

also control the working of the system from the one centre therefore not requiring manual telephonic

messaging as a means of communicating the command of DTL. Through my project DTL can benefit as

they have a different angle to see their existing system and can work on the current system flaws and

then work on making it more user friendly and more efficient and effective.

PROCESS: - First understanding what DTL does and where it lies in the hierarchy of the electricity

distribution in India. After understating the working of DTL then I will do an in depth analysis of the

SCADA system which is currently being used in the Load Despatch centre. After careful analysis I will

find out the flaws or demerits of using this system and suggest a better and more effective way to

connect the whole system which had minimum time lag and required minimal manual monitoring. To

understand the whole SCADA system I would be required to work on the server and understand the

system, this task would require some assistance as to one has to work very carefully when working on

servers because all the system as interconnected therefore a wrong click can exit the system and bring

down the whole server. So before working on the server proper has to b e taken as which are more

danger prone areas of the server and in which areas in the server I have to be careful not to click on the

wrong option. Carefully studying the system and uses of all the options I will represent it all in a

presentable form in this report so that a 3rd person can understand the functions of the SCADA system

by just looking into this report. At last, after proposing the MIS system I will explain its working and also

explain how it will be better than the current system being used in DTL. After proposing the process

diagram I will note the advantages of the new system.

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INTRODUCTION TO DELHI TRANCO LIMITED MISSION: - To facilitate intra and interstate transfer of power with Responsibility, Security and

Economy on sound commercial principles.

Delhi Transco Limited is the State Transmission Utility of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. It is

responsible for transmission of power at 220KV and 400KV level, besides up gradation operation

and maintenance of EHV Network as per system requirements.

After the enactment of Electricity Act 2003, a new department under the name and style of State

Load Despatch Centre (SLDC) under Delhi Transco Limited was created, as an Apex body to

ensure integrated operation of the power system in Delhi. Earlier the department was part of O&M

Department of Delhi Transco Ltd / Delhi Vidyut Board. SLDC Delhi started its function on the First of

January 2004. SLDC is responsible for the real time Load Despatch function, O&M of SCADA

System and Energy Accounting.

Delhi Transco Limited is the State Transmission Utility of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. It is

responsible for transmission of power at 220KV and 400KV level, besides upgradation operation and

maintenance of EHV Network as per system requirements. After the enactment of Electricity Act 2003, a

new department under the name and style of State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC) under Delhi Transco

Limited was created, as an Apex body to ensure integrated operation of the power system in Delhi.

SLDC Delhi started its function on the First of January 2004. SLDC is responsible for the real time Load

Despatch function, O&M of SCADA System and Energy Accounting.

Delhi Transco Limited is the State Transmission Utility responsible for augmenting and maintaining

existing Transmission System consisting of 220kV and 400kV sub-stations and Transmission Lines

Network, efficiently and effectively in the National Capital Territory of Delhi. DTL also takes care of

Power needs of Delhi by arranging power on short term and long term basis. After the enactment of

Electricity Act 2003, a new department under the name and style of State Load Despatch Center (SLDC)

under Delhi Transco Limited was created, as an Apex Body to ensure integrated operation of the power

system in Delhi. SLDC Delhi started its function on the First of January 2004. SLDC is responsible for

the real time Load Despatch function, O&M of SCADA System and Energy Accounting.

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Introduction to SLDC: -

There are multiple agencies within a state engaged in generation, transmission, and distribution of

electricity. State Load Dispatch Centre monitors these operations and keeps the account of quantity of

electricity transmitted through the state grid. SCADA is a part of it. Supervisory Control And Data

Acquisition System (SCADA) is a high tech computer system with associated communication network

that enables supervision and control of power system network. Demand for power is increasing very fast

due to continual improvement in quality of urban life style as well as expansion of industrial sector. The

rapid increase in demand for power is associated with growing level of power system network complexity

in terms of need for unified grid operation while maintaining the operational parameters. Further

increased openness in the power sector economy has put additional pressure on the power companies

to manage the power system resources in the most optimum manner within regulatory constraints

imposed by Regulator.

To meet the above challenges the need for a Real Time SCADA system in any modern power system

utility is indispensable.

Major Functions of SLDC

To ensure integrated operation of the power system.

To give directions and exercise supervision and control which is required for

integrated operation to achieve maximum economy and efficiency in power

system operation.

Scheduling and Re-Scheduling of available resources for optimum and

economic operation of the power system.

To coordinate shutdowns for the Generating Units and Sub-station equipment,

including transmission lines taking into consideration continuity of supply.

System Restoration in a systematic manner in shortest possible duration,

following Grid Disturbances.

Accounting of Energy handled by the State System.

Compiling & Furnishing data pertaining to Power System Operation.

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SCOPE OF SLDC: -

Initially the scope of Unified Scheme covered all generating stations of Delhi, 2 numbers 400KV, 15

numbers 22OKV and 3 numbers 66KV RTU (Remote Terminal Utility) grid stations. Subsequently, three

number 66KV grid stations were dropped as they were placed under the jurisdiction of distribution

company M/s BSES and M/s NDPL after unbundling. Under the scheme one SLDC at Minto Road and

four Area Load Despatch Centre (ALDCs) at Bamnauli, Bawana, Ghazipur and Gopalpur have been

established and are operational. All the generating stations of Delhi and grid stations have been grouped

in four distinct areas, each reporting to respective ALDC and in turn ALDC sent their data to SLDC Minto

Road.

WORKING OF SLDC SYSTEM: -

Sophisticated computers and communication equipments are installed at SLDC and ALDCs, which have

been interconnected through associated communication network comprising of Fibre Optic

Communication Link, Microwave and PLCC links. The network also acts as a bridge connecting NRLDC

with rest of the Northern Region constituent States as their data flows to NRLDC through DTL

communication network.

The DTL network is a part of entire Northern Region, which includes constituent states, central sector,

and Power Grid. This vast communication network allows on-line availability of field data of entire

northern region at our SLDC Minto Road, which helps system engineers to know the real time status of

entire northern grid for taking prudent decisions in the event of most complex power system scenario.

One Video Projection System (VPS) having 134" large screen, besides high speed data servers,

computer operator consoles, is installed at SLDC building at Minto Road which depicts various network

scenarios displayed in text as well as graphic form which provide instant overview of the power system

to the operators for load dispatch.

The SCADA system is equipped with self-diagnostic features along with facilities for recording of

Sequence of Events (SOE) giving the type, location and occurrence of specific events. This information

is used for post fault diagnosis/studies. Apart from above, the system is also equipped with historical

data recorder (HTR) which records power system dynamics even under normal conditions which can be

replayed at any point of time for reference or analytic studies.

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ORGANISATIONAL CHART OF SLDC: -

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Functions of Various Circles of SLDC

A. System operation.

B. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

C. Energy Accounting

A. System Operation

System Operation Circle is mainly responsible for techno-economic scheduling and dispatch of

electricity within the NCT of Delhi in accordance with the contracts entered into with the licensees

or the generating companies operating in Delhi. The System Operation Division monitors grid

operations, exercise supervision and control over the intra-state transmission system and carry out the

real time operation of grid control and dispatch of electricity within Delhi through secure and

economic operations of the State Grid in accordance with the Grid standards and the State Grid Code.

The responsibility for implementation of these procedures lies with the Managers (System

Operation) General Shift as well as in Manager (System Operation) shifts round the clock under the

overall supervision and control of Dy.G.M.(S.O).

B. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

SLDC has a state of art Load despatch centre having SCADA (Supervisor Control And Data

Acquisition System) for retrieving information from generating stations and grid sub stations consisting of

analogue data (like Mega Watt, Voltage, Current, MVar) and digital status of various elements (like

Circuit Breaker, Isolator etc.) for real time operation of grid, enabling it to operate safely, securely and

economically.

The data from substation is received through an existing communication ring comprising of

OPGW, Microwave and PLCC links. For indicating this data on control room monitors, the hardware and

communication links at sub stations are maintained round the clock by the hardware and PLCC sub

division of SCADA. The software sub division of SCADA has developed in-house softwares for various

activities. Recently scheduling software as per ABT, energy accounting and the transmission

system availability have been developed and are in use.

The direct benefits of a modern SCADA system are: -

Constant access to Real Time picture of entire network showing power system voltage,

frequency, MW, MVAR, etc.

Supervision, monitoring and control of power in Real Time.

Optimal operation of power system, i.e. generation and associated resources.

Minimum of outage and faster restoration of the system in the event of Grid disturbances.

Improvement in the quality of supply through better control of frequency, voltage and other

parameters.

Less dependence on basic telephone system.

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C. Energy Accounting

The circle is to undertake the accounting of the quantity of electricity transmitted through the state

grid as envisaged in the Electricity Act. This includes the preparation of State Energy Accounts

indicating Availability, Scheduled Generation, Plant Load Factor computation, Open Cycle

Operation of Gas Turbines etc. in respect of Generating Stations within Delhi. It has to prepare weekly

UI Accounts as per Intrastate UI bills and Reactive Energy transactions. At present, this circle‟s

responsibilities are being discharged by System Operation circle.

Committees of SLDC and their working: -

The Grid Coordination Committee is responsible for the following matters namely: -

a. facilitating the implementation of these Regulations and the procedures developed under the

provisions of these Regulations;

b. Assessing and recommending remedial measures for issues that might arise during the course of

implementation of provisions of these Regulations and the procedures developed under the

Provisions of these Regulations;

c. Review of the DGC, in accordance with the provisions of the Act and these Regulations;

d. Analyse any major grid disturbance after its occurrence,

e. Examining problems raised by the Users, and

f. investigate in case any Beneficiary is indulging in unfair gaming or collusion after getting

reported from SLDC.

g. Review of the complete statement of the State UI and the State Reactive Energy account tabled by

the SLDC through its Commercial Committee (a ub-committee of GCC); and

h. Such other matters as may be directed by the Commission from time to time.

Under The Grid coordination committee various sub-committees are: -

A. Operation Co-Ordination Sub-Committee (OCC)

B. Commercial Sub-Committee (CC)

C. Protection Sub-Committee (PC)

D. System Study Sub-Committee

A) OPERATION CO-ORDINATION SUB-COMMITTEE (OCC)

Functions and Responsibilities:

Operation Co-ordination Committee (OCC) is responsible for

Settle all issues related to operation of the Delhi / Regional grid viz. reviewing the schedule v/s.

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actual generation of various power stations drawn up in the previous month.

Estimating availability of power and energy from each power station and demand of each licensee

for the current and next month.

Drawing up coordinated maintenance schedule for generating units and transmission network.

Reviewing operational discipline and its norms to be observed by constituents.

Reviewing the operation of Automatic Under-Frequency Relays.

Discussing system occurrences, if any, during the previous month.

Reviewing the status of implementation of the recommendations of the Inquiry Committees.

Monitoring / reviewing violation of provisions of IEGC/DGC related to grid operation

Discussing / reviewing measures for ensuring economic grid operation including optimization of

energy transfer with other constituents.

Examining possibility of optimizing intra state energy exchanges.

Discussing optimization of energy transfer with other states.

Any other matter referred by the GCC.

B) COMMERCIAL SUB-COMMITTEE (CC):

Functions and Responsibilities:

Commercial Sub-Committee(CC) is responsible for

All commercial related issues viz. energy accounting

Schemes required for inclusion in the Bulk Power Supply Agreements

Requirement of power from the new projects

Installation of special energy meters and its cost sharing, etc.

Metering aspects

Reviewing of the payments towards UI charges

Treatment of transmission losses

Commercial declaration of lines / substation and Generating units

Commercial issues in intra state exchange of power

Issues concerning settlement of payments among constituents, if any, etc.

C) PROTECTION SUB-COMMITTEE (PC)

Functions and Responsibilities:

Protection Sub-Committee (PC) is responsible for

All power system protection related issues viz. analysis of system disturbances in the state

Review of protective relaying schemes

Relay co-ordination

Islanding schemes

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Automatic under frequency load shedding schemes

Review of the implementation of recommendations made by the Inquiry Committee of the grid

disturbance in the state / region concerning the above matters, etc.

Any other matter referred by the GCC.

D) SYSTEM STUDY SUB-COMMITTEE:

Functions and Responsibilities

System Study Sub-Committee entrusted with the work to carry out following system studies

Studies for assessment of the quantum of capacitors required in the state taking into account the

expected additions in the generation and transmission systems and the low voltage conditions

in the system. The study shall be correlated with that of capacitor requirement study of being

carried out at Regional level at NRPC.

Studies for review of area wise reactive compensation requirement

Operational load flow studies as & when required, for peak conditions off peak conditions etc.

Short-circuit studies as and when required.

Transient stability studies for major events like grid disturbances or other issues periodically or as

and when requested by the constituent(s).

System studies related to transmission constraints.

Studies specific to high / low voltage conditions with specific reference to reactors or

capacitors operation / requirement.

Identification of requirement of reactors as and when required

Co-relation of protection related issues from Studies as and when required

To draw out the contingency plan of Delhi Power System.

Any other technical study referred by the GCC.

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DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF ELECTRICITY IN INDIA

Power grid at a glance

POWERGRID, a Navratna Public Sector Enterprise, is one of the largest transmission utilities in the

world. POWERGRID wheels about 45% of the total power generated in the country on its transmission

network. POWERGRID has a pan India presence with around 71,500 Circuit Kms of Transmission

network and 120 nos. of EHVAC & HVDC sub-stations with a total transformation capacity of 79,500

MVA.POWERGRID has also diversified into Telecom business and established a telecom network of

more than 20,000 Kms across the country. POWERGRID has consistently maintained the transmission

system availability over 99% which is at par with the International Utilities

Northern region load despatch centre (NRLDC)

NRLDC is the apex body to ensure integrated operation of the power system in the Northern Region.

The main responsibilities of NRLDC are:

System parameters and security.

To ensure the integrated operation of the power system grid in the region.

System studies, planning and contingency analysis.

Analysis of tripping/disturbances and facilitating immediate remedial measures.

Daily scheduling and operational planning.

Facilitating bilateral and inter-regional exchanges.

Computation of energy despatch and drawal values using SEMs.

Augmentation of telemetry, computing and communication facilities.

POWER GRID OF INDIA

NRLDC ERLDC

WRLDC SRLDC NERLDC

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Eastern region load despatch centre (ERLDC)

Functions: -

Facilitates Integrated operation for improved quality, Security and Reliability of Power Supply on

Regional Basis

Provides Avenues for Intra-Regional and Inter Regional Exchanges

Telemeters Live Data from Major Generating Plants and Sub-stations

Co-ordinates Drawal Schedule from for all ISGS constituents

Persuades Constituents to Match Drawal Schedule

Issues Clearance for outage of Elements for Maintenance Work

Supplies Management Information about Performance of Grid Operation

Supports Constituents in Power System Studies

Monitors Generation of C.S. Power Stations and Power Flow in Major Lines and Tie Lines

Endeavours To Maintain Network Security

Processes Special Energy Meter Readings for Bulk Power Energy Settlement

Implements IEGC and Regulatory Directives

Western region load despatch centre (WRLDC)

WRLDC is the apex body to ensure integrated operation of the power system in the Western Region.

The main responsibilities of WRLDC are:

Monitoring of system parameters and security.

To ensure the integrated operation of the power system grid in the region.

System studies, planning and contingency analysis.

Analysis of tripping/disturbances and facilitating immediate remedial measures.

Daily scheduling and operational planning.

Facilitating bilateral and inter-regional exchanges.

Computation of energy despatch and drawal values using SEMs.

Augmentation of telemetry, computing and communication facilities.

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Southern region load despatch centre (SRLDC)

North-eastern region load despatch centre (NERLDC)

Features: -

a. Constituent states: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam , Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland

and Tripura, so called the Seven Sisters of NER.

b. Central Sector agencies: NEEPCO, NHPC, POWERGRID.

c. Total installed capacity of the region : 2334.06 MW [grid-2201.62 & isolated-132.44], as on

31/08/06

d. Hydro: Thermal ratio: 1:1 (approximately)

e. Transmission voltage level: 400, 220 & 132 & 66 KV

f. Mode of operation: Synchronised with Eastern, Western & Northern Region through A/C links –

400 KV Bongaigaon-Binaguri-Malda, 400kV Bongaigaon-Purnea-Malda & 220 KV Birpara-Salakati

D/C.

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Power System governance in different states.

a) A.P: Under direct control of the Deptt of Power, Govt of A.P with load despatch function

through SLDC at Itanagar.

b) Assam: Under management of Assam Electricity Grid Corporation Limited (AEGCL) with SLDC

at Kahelipara, Guwahati.

c) Manipur: Under direct control of the Electricity Deptt, Govt of Manipur with load despatch

function through SLDC at Imphal.

d) Meghalaya: Under management of Meghalaya State Electricity Board (MeSEB) with SLDC at

Nehu.

e) Mizoram: Under direct control of the Power & Electricity Deptt, Govt of Mizoram, with load

despatch function through SLDC at Aizawl.

f) Nagaland: Under direct control of the Deptt of Power, Govt of Nagaland with load despatch

function through SLDC at Dimapur.

g) Tripura: Under management of Tripura State Electricity Corporation Limited with load despatch

function through SLDC at Agartala.

ELECTRICITY NETWORK IN DELHI

The network in Delhi follows a different pattern from other states as Delhi being a metro city there is a

constant need of electricity, hence proper maintenance of network and proper working has to be insured

by the electricity providers. To handle such difficult task the Govt. Of Delhi has distributed rights to 5

companies which spread through across Delhi region and distribute electricity in their respective region

efficiently.

The 5 distributors in Delhi region for electricity mainly known as DISCOMs are: -

1. NDPL

2. BYPL

3. BSES

4. NDMC

5. MES

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Delhi network diagram: -

1. North Delhi power limited (NDPL)

North Delhi Power Limited (NDPL, formerly known as North Northwest Delhi Distribution Company

Limited) distributes electricity in the North areas of Delhi. NDPL is a Joint Venture between Tata Power

and Govt. of NCT as a result of the privatisation of electricity distribution in Delhi.

North Delhi Power Limited (NDPL) is a joint venture between Tata Power Company and the Government

of NCT of Delhi with the majority stake being held by Tata Power. It distributes electricity in North &

North West parts of Delhi and serves a populace of 50 lakh . The company started operations on July 1,

2002 post the unbundling of erstwhile Delhi Vidyut Board. With a registered consumer base of around 10

lakh and a peak load of around 1250 MW, the company‟s operations span across an area of 510sqkms.

NDPL has been the frontrunner in implementing power distribution reforms in the capital city and is

acknowledged for its consumer friendly practices. Since privatisation, the Aggregate Technical &

Commercial (AT&C) losses in NDPL areas have shown a record decline. Today they stand at 14.47% (

as on March 31, 2010) which is an unprecedented reduction of over 74% from an opening loss level of

53%.

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On the power supply front too, NDPL areas have shown remarkable improvement. The company has

embarked upon an ambitious plan to implement high-tech automated systems for its entire distribution

network. Systems such as SCADA, GIS and OTS are the cornerstone of the company‟s distribution

automation project. To fight the menace of power theft, modern techniques like High Voltage Distribution

(HVDS) System and LT Arial Bunch Conductor have been adopted.

NDPL has to its credit several firsts in Delhi: SCADA controlled Grid Stations, Automatic Meter Reading,

GSM based Street Lighting system and SMS based Fault Management System. To ensure complete

transparency, the company has provided online information on billing and payment to all its 1 million

consumers. This happened in the first year of operations itself. NDPL believes in providing more value

than just electricity and is even rewarding its consumers for timely payment.

NDPL is the first power distribution utility from India to have won the prestigious Edison Award in the

international category. The prestigious award is given annually by the Edison Electric Institute (EEI) to

honour both international and U.S. electric companies for outstanding contributions to the advancement

of the Power industry.

NDPL was also conferred the „Asian Utility of the Year 2008‟ award by Asian Power and is also the

winner of Palladium Balanced Scorecard Hall of Fame Award.

NDPL has the distinction of being the youngest company and the first power utility in India to receive the

prestigious CII EXIM Award for „Strong Commitment to Excel‟. It is also the only distribution utility to

receive the ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certification. NDPL has also been conferred the

„National Award for Meritorious Performance‟ by the President of India.

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2. BSES Yamuna power limited (BYPL)

&

3. BSES Rajdhani power limited (BRPL)

Formerly, known as Bombay Suburban Electric Supply Limited, it was incorporated on 1st October

1929, for the distribution of electricity in the suburbs of Mumbai.In July 2002, Delhi Vidyut Board

unbundled into five successor entities – the three distribution companies, a transmission and a holding

company. Two of the three distribution companies have been handed over to BSES, and one to TATA

POWER.

As a part of its active support to the privatisation process, BSES has recently acquired an equity stake

of 51% in two of the three Distribution Companies of Delhi after unbundling and privatization of the

erstwhile Delhi Vidyut Board. The two distribution companies, BSES Rajdhani Power Limited covering

South and West areas and BSES Yamuna Power Limited covering Central and East regions provide

electricity to around 17 lakhs consumers spread across an area of 900 sq kms (approx).

Following the privitisation of Delhi‟s power sector and unbundling of the Delhi Vidyut Board in July 2002,

the business of power distribution was transferred to BSES Yamuna Power Limited (BYPL) and BSES

Rajdhani Power Limited (BRPL). These two of the three successor entities distribute electricity to 22.6

lakh customers in two thirds of Delhi. The Company acquired assets, liabilities, proceedings and

personnel of the Delhi Vidyut Board as per the terms and conditions contained in the Transfer Scheme

BSES Yamuna Power Limited (BYPL)

BYPL distributes power to an area spread over 200 sq kms with a population density of 4230 per sq km.

It‟s 10.4lakh customers are spread over 14 districts across Central and East areas including Chandni

Chowk, Daryaganj, Paharganj, Shankar Road, Patel Nagar, G T Road, Karkardooma, Krishna Nagar,

Laxmi Nagar, Mayur Vihar, Yamuna Vihar, Nand Nagri and Karawal Nagar.

BSES Rajdhani Power Limited (BRPL)

BRPL distributes power to an area spread over 750 sq. km with a population density of 1360 per sq km.

Its‟ over 12.2 lakh customers are spread in 19 districts across South and West areas including

Alaknanda, Khanpur, Vasant Kunj, Saket, Nehru Place, Nizamuddin, Sarita Vihar, Hauz Khas, R K

Puram, Janakpuri, Najafgargh, Nangloi, Mundka, Punjabi Bagh, Tagore Garden, Vikas Puri, Palam and

Dwarka.

Since taking over distribution, BSES‟ singular mission has been to provide reliable and quality electricity

supply. BSES has invested over Rs 3500 crore on upgrading and augmenting the infrastructure which

has resulted in a record reduction of AT&C losses. From a high of 63.1 % AT&C losses in BYPL area in

2002 the losses have come down to 23% a record reduction around 40%.

Similarly, in BRPL area AT&C losses have been reduced from 51.2% to 20% - a record reduction of 31%

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4. New Delhi municipal council (NDMC)

The electricity department of NDMC is responsible for uninterrupted power supply to consumers. It

constructs and maintains sub-stations. It lays transmission and distribution and service cables to

consumers. It sanctions connections to various categories of consumers. Good standard of road

lighting is provided. Electrical and mechanical services are installed and maintained at all NDMC

buildings. Special lighting of Monuments, fibre optics lighting and fountains are also installed and

maintained by electricity department.

Delhi Set-up had recommended that a fresh law governing NDMC should be passed by the Parliament for

proper organization and functioning of the New Delhi Municipal Council. Consequent upon enforcement of

Constitution (Seventy Fourth Amendment) Act, several provisions in Punjab Municipal Act, 1911 had to be

brought in tune with Part IXA of the Constitution before 31st May, 1994. Furthermore, there were several

major differences between various functional regimes prescribed under the old law governing NDMC in

comparison to the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957. It was generally recognized that there was need

for a greater measure of commonality in the procedure adopted by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi and

the New Delhi Municipal Council in matters relating to taxation, revenue, budgeting, contracts, accounts and

audits, streets and sanitation, public health, public safety and suppression of nuisances etc.

The following were the most important objectives.

i. To Provide New Delhi Municipal Council area with a new legislation repealing the Punjab Municipal Act,

1911.

ii. To bring uniformity as far as possible in building regulations, audit revenue and budgetary provisions in the

Municipal Corporation of Delhi and New Delhi Municipal area; is marginal.

iii. To harmonize the law with the Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992 with necessary

exemptions and modifications under article 143ZB of the Constitution wherever departure has had to be

made from the constitutional provisions. The provisions of Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act,

1992 were brought into force with effect from 1st June, 1993 and the laws governing municipalities all over

the country had to be harmonized in consonance with the provisions of Part IXA of the Constitution by 31st

May, 1994. Consequently an Ordinance was promulgated on 25th May, 1994.

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The National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) comprises three local bodies, MCD, NDMC and Cantonment

Board. The Municipal Corporation of Delhi comprises approximately 96 per cent of the area and population

of the Union Territory of Delhi. The Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957 was amended in August, 1994 to

bring it in tune with the Constitutional provisions of Part IXA. In respect of New Delhi Municipal Council,

which consists of only 3 per cent of the area and 3 per cent of the population of National Capital Territory of

Delhi, it was felt that a different kind of legal system be structured taking into account special characteristics

of the New Delhi Municipal Council area.

Following are the reasons.

i. The New Delhi Municipal Council area comprises of the territory that has been described as Lutyen‟s Delhi

and which has historically come to be regarded as the seat of central authority in Union of India.

ii. It comprises of important buildings like Rashtrapati Bhawan, Parliament House, Supreme Court, North and

South Blocks and buildings abutting Central Vista and also all the diplomatic missions which function as

territorial entities under the sovereign jurisdiction of their Flag States.

iii. The Government of India is nearly the sole landowner and also owns about eighty percent of the buildings

in the New Delhi Municipal Council area. Private ownership of property in this area. Private ownership of

property in this area is marginal.

iv. Efficient function of the Municipal services in this area is critical for the internal image of the country and is

a factor which has an important bearing on the functioning of the Government apparatus itself.

v. Historically, this area has enjoyed a system of Local Government very different from other parts of the

National Capital Territory. On account of these special characteristics, it was felt that any scheme for the

governance of this area based on conventional pattern of representative local self-government, would be

unworkable and out of place since the pre-eminent character of this area is that of the seat of the Central

Government.

Constitution of the Council The Constitution of Council has been defined under chapter-2 of NDMC Act -

1994. The Council shall consist of the following members viz.

1. (a) A Chairperson, from amongst the officers, of the Central Government or the Government, of or above

the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India to be appointed by the Central Government in

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consultation with the Chief Minister of Delhi; (b) Three members of Legislative Assembly of Delhi

representing constituencies, which comprise wholly or partly the New Delhi area; (c) Five members from

amongst the officers of the Central Government or the Government or their undertakings, to be nominated by

the Central Government; and (d) Two members to be nominated by the Central Government in consultation

with the Chief Minister of Delhi to represent from amongst lawyers, doctors, chartered accountants,

engineers, business and financial consultants, intellectuals, traders, labourers, social workers including

social-scientists, artists, media persons, sports persons and any other class of persons as may be specified

by the Central Government in this behalf.

2. The Member of Parliament, representing constituency, which comprises wholly or partly the New Delhi

area, shall be a special invitee for the meetings of the Council but without a right to vote.

3. Out of the eleven members referred to in sub-section (1), there shall be at least three members who are

women and one member belonging to the Scheduled Castes.

4. The Central Government shall nominate, in consultation with the Chief Minister of Delhi, a Vice-

Chairperson from amongst the members specified in clauses (b) and (d) of sub-section (1). Section 4(1,2&3)

of the NDMC Act - 1994}

The Council unless sooner dissolved under section - 398 or any other law for the time being in force, shall

continue for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting and no longer. {Section 5(1) of the NDMC

Act - 1994} A Bill No. 55 of 1994 was introduced in the Parliament and the New Delhi Municipal Council Act

was passed by the Parliament. After the Bill passed by the Parliament, consent received of the President of

India, the Council was constituted on the 10th November, 1995. The first meeting of the Council took place

on 23rd December, 1995, under the chairmanship of the Lt. Governor, Delhi (the Administrator of Delhi).

Boundaries

The NDMC area bounded by the junction of Pusa Road and Upper Ridge Road towards east along the New

Link Road, the Panchkuian Road upto its junction with the Old Gurgaon Road; thence towards northeast

along the Old Gurgaon Road and Chelmsford Road upto the New Delhi Railway Station; thence towards

south and south east along the railway line upto its junction with the Hardings Bridge; thence towards south

along the Mathura Road; upto its junction with Lodhi Road; thence towards south along the Lodhi Road; upto

its junction with the first road leading to Lodhi Colony; thence towards south along the first road leading to

Lodhi Colony upto its junction with the Ring Railway; hence towards south along the railway line upto its

junction with Qutab Road; thence towards south along the Qutab Road upto to its junction with Kushak

Nallaha; thence towards east along the Kaushak Nulla up to its junction with the Boundary of the Corporation

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and along the south boundary of the Medical Enclave upto its junction with the Ring Road near Gawalior

Potteries; thence towards north-west along the Ring Road upto its junction with Kitchner Road, thence

towards north along the Upper Ridge up to the starting point.{Defined in first schedule of NDMC Act - 1994}

5. Military engineering services (MES)

Military Engineer Services (MES) is one of the largest Government construction agency in India and

provides works cover to Army, Navy and Air Force. It has a large number of units and sub units spread

across the entire country. Engineer-in-Chief is the head of MES and is assisted by six Command Chief

Engineers who are co-located and under the operational Army Commands, Additional Director Generals

at Pune and Secunderabad and 31 Zonal Chief Engineers. Besides works of the Armed Forces, MES

also undertake civil works of Defence Research and Development Organization, Coast Guard, Kendriya

Vidyalaya Sanghathan, and other government organizations.

The website Service is being provided by MES to facilitate faster dissemination and easy access to

information related to tenders. The tenders, however are owned, published and maintained by the

respective MES formations that are responsible for their accuracy, authenticity and validity.

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Introduction to MIS in the DTL system

For successful implementation of MIS in DTL, it is required to identify and develop a suitable

organisational structure for the MIS organisation. MIS organisation is responsible for planning, design,

realisation, implementation, exploitation and evaluation of one or more information systems in such a

way that the requirements of stakeholders are met. The organisational unit of MIS go through following

phases:

Planning: - Addresses the needs of the user organisation and the way in which the MIS

organisation can meet those needs. In this phase the requirements imposed on MIS are defined,

and funding for realizing MIS is made available.

Design: - Addresses the composition of a blueprint for MIS that meets the requirements defined

in the planning. The blueprint describes the structure of the organisational unit (which is a part of

MIS) and its processes.

Realisation: - Addresses the elaboration of the MIS processes and the formulation of

corresponding procedures. This phase also includes the recruitment of personnel and acquisition of

equipment needed for setting up MIS.

Implementation:- Addresses the assignment of tasks and responsibilities of MIS employees.

Assignment of these tasks to external parties is also possible (Outsourcing).

Exploitations:- Addresses the organisational unit of MIS at work, that is, doing the planning,

design, realisation, implementation, exploitation and evaluation of the information system MIS is

responsible for. The stakeholders define the requirements for the information system, and they

evaluate whether the information systems do comply with requirements.

Evaluation: - Addresses the monitoring of MIS to evaluate whether MIS work conform the

requirements defined in planning phase. This phase does not address the evaluation of

information systems, but the evaluation of Organisational unit of MIS that manages the system.

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To implement the MIS system in the DTL‟s SCADA network first one has to understand the whole

system in detail to find out the flaws in the system and then plan out the ways in which MIS can help the

system in becoming more efficient and user friendly. The basic use of MIS is to help organisation to

process the data in a timely manner without any interruptions and also removing any kind of

discrepancies pr any kind of confusion between the various stations connected to the system.

Hence the first step is to get familiar with the system and study it in detail. So, the whole system is

explained as below: -

Main menu of the SLDC system

When a user clicks on this the following options are shown in the system

System displays menu

This is the main menu of the whole control room. SCADA stands for Supervisor Control And Data

Acquisition System this is the main system which governs all the information sharing between all the

systems in the network. This is the main server which gathers the information from all the systems and

all the decisions are made based on the information gathered by this server. There are only few people

who have access to the main server of SCADA because if there is any wrong button clicked on this

server the whole system which includes parts of northern region as well will be effective and might lead

to some kind of damage to the system. It can also temporarily shutdown the information exchange

between the different networks of the states hence, it should always be dealt with extreme caution and

should never be used without any supervision.

SCADA

HOME

SLDC ONELINES COMMUNICATION ALARM

NET

SECURITY

GEN_DISPAT

CH

PLANNING SYSTEM_MGNT MODELING

NET_ANALYS

T

GEN_ANALYS

T

SYTEM_ANA

LYST

DATA_EXCHAN

GEGE

CUR_OPER_PL

AN

SCADA MENU

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The first option in SCADA MENU is

UNDER THIS THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE

DATA ACQUISITION AND SUPERVISORY CONTROL

SUBSTATIONS TABULAR DISPLAYS

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS (STATUS)

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS (FILE TRANSFER)

EXCEPTIONS

POINT MONITORING

OPERATOR ACTIONS

INHIBIT AND SET NOT IN SERVICE

MANUAL OVERRIDE

ALTERNATE MEASUREMENT

ALTERNATE LIMIT REPLACEMENT

TEST RTU MAINTENANCE

LOADSHED

TAGGING

Displays >>>

Displays >>>

Displays >>>

Displays >>>

Displays >>>

SCADA HOME

Displays >>>

Displays >>>

Displays >>>

Displays >>>

Displays >>>

Displays >>>

Displays >>>

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MISCELLANEOUS

GENERALIZED CALCULATIONS

TREND

HISTORICAL RECORDING

HIM SAMPLE RATES AND STATUS

LOG DISPLAYS

Now under each heading there are further options.

DATA ACQUISITION AND SUPERVISORY CONTROL

1)

Substation directory for tabular displays: - This option shows the various status of substations in the

northern region of India. This gives the real time status of the various substations, like if there is any

work going on in the substation if we click on the name of the substation then we would be able to see

that whether that station is operational or it is tripped or it is closed.

Displays >>>

Displays >>>

Displays >>>

Displays >>>

Displays >>>

SUBSTATION TABULAR

DISPLAYS

SUBSTATION

DIRECTORY FOR

TABULAR DISPLAYS

CONTROL TESTS

DIRECTORY

SORTED SUBSTATION

DIRECTORY FOR

TABULAR DISPLAYS

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Control test directory: - This also gives the list of substations but it only gives the details of the work

which is in progress in the substation. If there is no work in progress on a particular substation then the

page will come as blank.

Sorted substation Directory for tabular displays: - This is a sorted table of all the substations usually

use to scan through the substations by the supervisor. These tables are sorted in the order of work being

performed in the substations so that one can see in one glance that what is the status of work in all the

substations and how long will it take for them to become operational. This is very important as the

scheduling is done according to that only and the load allocation is planned according to it.

2)

Sequence of event log: - Gives the details of real time sequence of events at various stations. This

keeps on updating according to the time of the report and is seen in that sequence only. It acquires data

from various substations that what is happening there and keeps the online record of each substation.

The entries of the log are put in the respective columns:

Date/time/millisecond, State, Quality, Substation, Type, Device and Point.

This helps to keep record of every activity happening across the substations and any discrepancy can be

resolved as there will be a record of each activity for every substation. To log an entry in this system

each substation has a pc in their office if there is an activity like maintenance, fault, etc the supervisor

fills in these entries at the moment and this log gets updated in the SLDC office. All the substations are

connected through intranet this helps each of the office to communicate with each other with ease.

Sequence of event filter: - This is used to filter out the urgent or important work going on any

substations from the routine work. This basically is done to priorities work and to keep the track of

accidental prone work. This is very important in this office as all the processes which have the tendency

SEQUENCE OF

EVENTS

SOE LOG SOE

FILTER

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to fail or causes any damage are given higher priority. The work which can give electricity to the area is

given more preference and concentrated monitoring can be applied to such events so that they can be

monitored carefully.

3) SEQUENCE OF EVENT FILE TRANSFER: - After entering the status of each activity in the

above SOE table each of the entry keeps on getting stored in the data files which are known as

Sequence of event file transfer. These are the record of the files of all the previous data. This is

kept as to sometimes system operator have to refer back the events which have occurred last

month or year. Hence this helps them to refer back those files to their exact date and time, so

that all the data regarding the difficulty of the substation and the hours of work it took to rectify the

problem can be referred and if there was a fault during the work it has a column of remarks there

which tells the person who‟s is referring that what kind of difficulties take place during this

process and accordingly appropriate preventive measures are taken.

4) EXCEPTIONS: - Recording anything which is different from the usual working of the system.

5) POINT MONITORING: - This is the monitoring system of various switching device of the

substations. Switching device are the fuse devise which have to be closed to make the voltage

flow and are kept in the lines to prevent accidental damage to the file. This gives point to point

monitoring to each switching device at each staions. This is very important for all the substation

as if there is a damage in any of the switching devices there is an immediate decision to make by

the system operator to get the electricity from another source and satisfy the load demand from

any other line which is operational.

OPERATOR ACTIONS

1) Inhibit and set not in service: - This option gives the details of all the non-working stations or

lines of the system. This gives the details of the lines which are not in use or can‟t be use and

also the limited capacity of each line. This is basically the information about the current status of

the Delhi Electricity System.

2) Manual override summary: - This gives the details about the time and circumstance under

which it was necessary to override the system manually. This also tells the user that whether or

not the system was replaced in future or it is still handled manually by the employees of that

plant.

3) Alternate measurement: - This option is not operational.

4) Alternate limit replacement: - This option is not operational.

5) Test RTU and maintenance: - This gives the details of the maintenance work and regular

testing of various RTU. This is basically a scheduled testing and maintenance so the data is

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stored permanently in the system and is changed only when the work is going on in any

substation. When the work is

6) Loadshed: - It tells the user the amount of load-shedding at each station and at each line of the

whole system. Load-shedding occurs when the demand becomes greater than supply. Then

SLDC has standard procedure to handle such situation. They have already listed priority areas

like Parliament house and other VVIP areas. The decision solely lie on the system operator is to

where he has to cut off the current to meet the demand for a certain more priority area. This is

always taken as a last step to meet the demand as each load-shedding cost a lot to the

respective company under whose are the load-shedding is occurring. Whenever ordering a load-

shedding there is a fixed amount attached to each minute which is cut off. Hence this shedding is

done with careful calculations keeping in mind which step will cost the minimum amount.

i. Loadshed and restoration/overview: - This section tells us about all the Loadshed that

has taken place in the past days and all the restoration data as well. Restoration data

means that when was the cut was called off and the duration of the cut. This gives the

data as heading and then in detail analysis of the reason of the Loadshed.

For e.g.:-

Substation SINUT_PG: Loadshed start 1300 hrs, restoration 1700hrs. Because of the

line fault in the substation the electricity was not able to reach its destination hence cut in

the area of IP Extension was approved for this time.

ii. Episode summary: - This gives the summary of the Load-shedding which includes fault

origin, reason. Line affected and duration. This gives the operator a quick one view glance

at the load-shedding situation at the northern region of India and its effect in Delhi region.

LOADSHED

LOADSHED

AND

RESTORATION

/ OVERVIEW

EPISODE

SUMMARY

TENDED

SUBSTATION

LOADSHED

TEST AND

RESTORATIO/

OVERVIEW

TEST

EPISODE

SUMMARY

LOADSHED

MESSAGE

LOG

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iii. Tended substation: - This section has the detail of the origin of the fault which can be a

substation fault or a line fault. Each fault is directed to a particular substation which has a

responsibility to fix that fault so this tells the responsible substation for each fault so that

the higher authorities can question the people associated with that substation if the fault is

not fixed within the time frame stated.

iv. Load shed Test and restoration/overview: - This gives the processes which are taking

place to fix the load shedding fault and what efforts are taking place to restore it. Also

after fixing the fault the current is not switch on straight away first a restoration test is

performed on the system to check whether the fault has been fixed or not and there is no

chance of trip in the system when the current is switched back on. All the problems faced

while fixing the problem are also present in this section, this is very useful for reference in

future as if the same fault occurs again then the system operator can simply look at the

previous records and see what was the difficulty that the substation was facing while

fixing that problem and if the same problem occurs again then it is quite clear that the

method used to fix the problem was not adequate and it needs to be changed the second

time while fixing the problem.

v. Test episode summary: - This simply gives the name of the tests that take place at

various stations, time of test, duration and the result. This is simply to keep the record that

tests have been conducted after fixing the problem and the standard protocol is

maintained.

vi. Load shed message log: - This is the real time message log system which tells the real

time updated version of the situation of load shed at each line and substation. This

message box keeps on moving down as the new entry comes through on real time basis

and updates the sheet of the message log.

7) Tagging: - This function is used to make some remarks on a certain event so that the person

who comes in the other shift does not have a confusion of what s the current status of all the

system. This helps the other person to come up to pace what has happened before his shift has

begun. It also helps him to refer back to the tag and analyse the fault occurred and the time on

which it had occurred.

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MISCELLANEOUS

1) Generalized calculations: - In this sections all the general formulae are stated some of which are

related to engineering like voltage-ampere relation, etc. Also some formulae like what capacity of

the capacitors are to be used for which type of load and what type circuit breaker is to be used in

what type of line and what capacity BUS is to be placed under a certain amount of load

.

2) Trend: - This shows the trend graphs of Delhi and also its various substations. It is basically user

defined, user can decide which graph he wants to look at and accordingly it can choose the

parameters given in the system. It has various options like pie, histogram, bar chart, meter graph

and trace-bar. Each options represents the data in a different form which will be suitable for the

person who is seeing that graph, these options are kept so that each data can be represented

differently in each type of graph hence each data will be suitable for different type of graph. The

graph is chosen according to the property of the data and only that type of graph is chosen which

gives clarity to the eyes of the observer.

3) Historical data recording: - This is the record of all the relevant historical data. It is being defined

by the DTL that which data is relevant for future use and which one can be discarded. Hence this

section stores those relevant data and is accessible for reference in future.

4) Him sample rates and status: - This gives all the rates of various processes in the substations

and also the per unit rate of the current. These rates keeps on changing that is why there is a real

time rate of current is given and it keeps on updating on per second basis.

5) Log displays: - This gives the details of all the logs all over northern region line. This is a huge file

of all the logs of various substations all over the region. The entire northern region in as well as

all the regions of all over India are interconnected with each other. Once the log is stored in any

of the system in northern area it gets stored in this Log automatically. This is a back up Log file

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2nd option in the SCADA MENU is SLDC.

SLDC

SLDC DISPLAYS

DTL RTU STATUS

DTL REGIONAL SUMMARY

DTL GENERATION

MINTO ROAD UPS

IMPORTANT LINE TRIPPING

TIE LINES

CIRCLEWISE FLOW

DTL OVERVIEW

400/200 KV NETWORK

INTER REGIONAL

DTL TRANSFORMER LOADING

DTL NETWORK

NR LINE DIAGRAM

DTL LINES

NR BLOCK

TODAY PEAK DEMAND

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This is the status of all the remote transfer units which fall under Delhi Transco Limited. This gives value

in KV of various 220 KV stations across Delhi. This has to be read carefully as the controlling power of

these entire substations lie in the hands of DTL and by looking at these values they take proper decision

as to where to get the required load and which area is more trip prone.

The page is displayed as below: -

DELHI AT A GLANCE UI: - _____Paise/KWH

DATE FREQUENCY: - ___ HZ

DELHI LOAD ______ MW

DELHI SCHEDULE _______MW

DELHI DRAWAL _______MW

DELHI OD (+)/UD (-) _______MW

MINTO ROAD SLDC

GAZIPUR KV BAWANA KV BAMNAULI KV GOPALPUR KV

PRAGATI KV KANJHAWALA KV PAPANKALAN-1 KV SABZI MANDI KV

IP POWER KV NARELA KV PAPANKALAN-2 KV WAZIRABAD KV

LODHI ROAD KV ROHINI KV MEHRAULI KV GEETA COLONY KV

PARK STREET KV SHALIMAR BAGH KV NAJAFGARH KV KASHMIRI GATE KV

PATPAR GANJ KV DSIDC KV NARAINA KV

RAJ GHAT KV LOCAL KV OKHLA KV

SARITA VIHAR KV AIIMS KV VASANT KUNJ KV

Meaning of each block is explained below: -

Delhi Load: - Total real time load of Delhi which is the real time demand of Delhi‟s electricity

consumption.

Delhi Schedule: - This is the predicted demand of Delhi for today, the prediction is always done on the

previous day in the night and a proper schedule of the whole day is available in the morning itself. This

helps in making the demand for power by DTL to the electricity plants and accordingly the plant functions

to generate that amount of power. This is handled very carefully because excess of current is also a

problem for DTL as current cannot be stored anywhere the calculations have to be precise as to what

will be the demand next day in the Delhi region.

Delhi Drawal: - This shows the actual load drawal of Delhi, this shows the real time demand of power by

the Delhi region.

DTL RTU STATUS

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Delhi OD (+)/UD (-): - This is the over drawal and under drawal value of Delhi. If the figure is +ve then it

means that Delhi is withdrawing more than it should according to the forecasting done on the previous

day and hence the respective DISCOM have to pay to the generation board. The amount is calculated

by multiplying the units in +ve and the rate of the unit current at that time which is UI. And in the other

case if the value is in –ve then the respective DISCOM gets money from the generation board because

they have used less electricity than they have paid for to all the generation plant.

UI: - It is the real time rate of power per unit in Paise. According to these rates only the money is given to

or is taken from the various DISCOMs.

Frequency: - It shows the amount of demand met by the supply. If the frequency is 50 Hz then it means

that all the demand is met by the supply from the power generation plant. If it is higher than it means

there is more electricity at the disposal then is required, and is it is below %) it means that the supply is

less than the load demand.

Table: - This shows the various 220 KV substations and their current capacity. There is an alarm system

attached to this table when there is a 5% +&- deviation in the value then it gets highlighted to red. But if it

remains in that region there is no alarm generated.

This shows the line diagram of the whole Delhi region. It is a very complicated diagram showing all the

lines containing both 400KV and 220KV lines plus the 66KV lines as well which goes to various stations

for distribution to homes. This also shows the current Delhi demand at the top of the screen and the

diagram is such that the outer lines are 400KV lines which are marked in red and then the inner lines are

there which are marked in green these are 220KV lines.

The line diagram has on each side has the voltage given which is being transmitted by that line. The line

diagram includes the transformers and the power generation plants given at various points these are all

real time figures which are updated per sec basis. These also have alarms attached to it to indicate

which line is about to trip or is working over capacity and is in the danger of total failure.

400/200 KV NETWORK

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Regional Load 29399 REGIONAL SUMMARY DIAGRAM DATE

PUN HAR RAJ DEL UP UTT CHD HP JK

SCHDULED

DRAWAL

LOAD

OD/UD

OD/UD FC

(50 HZ)

GENERATION (MW)

Schedule Actual Schedule Actual

Thermal Hydro

Singrauli Chamera-1

Rihand-1 Chamera-2

Rihand-2 Uri

D_THM-1 Salal

D_THM-2 Bairasiul

Unchahar Tanakpur

Dadari-(G) Tehri

Anta Bhakara

Auraiya Dulhusti

RAPP-B Dehar

Pong

Nathpa

DTL REGIONAL SUMMARY

TEMP ____ DEG UI _____ Paise/kwh

Schedule Actual UI

Badarpur

Rajghat

GT

Pragati

Faridabad RSD

Panipat RAPP-A

Faridabad Kota-Th

BASPA Suratgarh

Rajas-(HY)

Actual

Tandra

Anpara

Obra

UP-T(Oth)

UP-(Hy)

HP

J K

UTTR

ROPAR

Bhatinda

L’Mohabat

Punj-(HY)

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VOLTAGE/FREQUENCY ICT LOADING 400 KV TRUNK LINE FLOWS

400 KV HZ MW LINE MW MVAR Singrauli BAWANA HVDC R-D

Kanpur BAMNAULI SING-KANPR

Allahabad MABDAULA SING-ANPR

Dadri BALLABGARH SING-LKNO

Ballabgarh MAHARANIBAGH SING-ALBD

Panipat DEHAR VINDH-SING

Wagoora PANIPAT-BB ANPR-UNAO

Kishanpur MORADABAD OBRA=PANKI

200 KV HZ LUCKNOW LKNO-SULT

Bawana BRELY-LKNOW

Bamnauli UNAO-AGRA

Mandaula PANKI-MDNGR

Hissar KAN-AGRA

Abdullapur KAN-BALLB

KV HZ AGRA-MDNGR

BTPS AGRA-BASSI

PRAGATI AGRA-GWALI

GORAKHPUR-MUZAFFARPUR-1 GORAKHPUR-MUZAFFARPUR-2

__ MW __ MW

__MVAR __MVAR

HISAR-BHIWANDI

BALLB-BHIWA

DDRI-PANPT

DDRI-MALR

DDRI-GNOIDA

DDRI-MBAGH

DDRI-MAND

MAND-BWNA

BALLB-BAMNL

BAMNLI-BWNA

BWNA-HISAR

BWNA-ABDPR

DEHR-BHWN

DEHR-PANPT

MOGA-HISAR

BTPS-BALLB

KISHN-PMPR

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It contains the line diagram of the DTL network which connects all the networks of the 5 DISCOMs

working in the Delhi region.

DTL NETWORK

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Also it has the option to show the GRID DIAGRAM of Delhi.

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This shows the total generation of electricity by Delhi this is very important as all the current to the Delhi

region is given through these plants. DTL tries to complete the Delhi demand through these plants but

if that is not possible Delhi has to buy power from other states at the current rates.

TOTAL DELHI GENERATION __ MW __ MVAR

TOTAL BTPS SENT OUT __MW __ MVAR

Delhi Generating Stations at a Glance

Station Indraprastha Power Station

Rajghat Power Station

Gas Turbine Power Station

Pragati Power Station

Station Cpacity (MW)

247.5 135 282 330

(Total 994.5 MW)

Units 3x62.5

+ 60

2x67.5 6x30 (GT)

+ 3x34 (WHRU)

2x104 (GT) +

1x122 (WHRU)

Year of Commissioning

1967-71 1989-90 1986 & 1996 2002 -03

Coal Fields/Gas NCL, BINA NCL, BINA GAIL HBJ Pipeline

GAIL HBJ Pipeline

Water Sources River Yamuna River Yamuna River Yamuna

Treated water from Sen Nursing Home

and Delhi Gate Sewage Treatment Plants

Beneficiary Areas VIP- South & Central Delhi

Central & North Delhi

NDMC-VVIP, DMRC

NDMC, South Delhi

STATION UNIT1

UNIT2

UNIT3

UNIT4

UNIT5

UNIT6

S.T 1

S.T 2

S.T3

TOTAL MW/MVAR

VOLTAGE KV

PRAGATI MW

MVAR

RAJGHAT MW

MVAR

GAS TURBINE

MW

MVAR

BADARPUR MW

MVAR

DTL GENERATION

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This gives the loading of various substations which are placed across the Delhi region. Substations are

applied in the region where the heavy voltage is to be converted to lower voltage or vice versa. Here

before being supplied to the residence and offices the electricity has to be converted to lower voltage.

Hence after generation the lines are transmitted at 400 KV then they have to be converted to 220 KV

and 66 KV. These substations use transformers for converting high to low voltage. Substations used in

cities use underground transformers which do not produce any sound and where there is ample space

such as in rural areas floor transformers are used. In this table limit for each and every substation is

already fed in the system and if the voltage becomes +/- 5 % of the required RED ALERT comes on the

screen highlighting the problem substation and the problem transformer.

Table is given as shown below:-

S NO. SUBSTATION TRANSFORMER MW MVAR 220KV 66KV

1 BAWANA 220/66KV T1

2 KANJHAWALA 220/66KV T1 220/66KV T2

3 NARELA 220/66KV T1 220/66KV T2

4 ROHINI 220/66KV T1 220/66KV T2

5 SHALIMARBAGH 220/33KV T1 220/33 KV T2

6 GOPALPUR 220/33KV T1 220/33 KV T2

7 SUBZIMANDI 220/33KV T1 220/33 KV T2

8 IP. POWER 220/33KV T1 220/33 KV T2

9 PRAGATI 220/66KV T1

10 LODHI ROAD 220/33KV T1 220/33 KV T2

11 PARKSTREET 220/33KV T1 220/33 KV T2

12 PATPARGANJ 220/33KV T1 220/33 KV T2

13 KASHMIRI GATE 220/33KV T1 220/33 KV T2

14 GAZIPUR 220/66KV T1 220/66KV T2

15 SARITA VIHAR 220/66KV T1 220/66KV T2

16 PAPANKALAN-1 220/66KV T1 220/66KV T2

DTL TRANSFORMER LOADING

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17 MEHRAULI 220/66KV T1 220/66KV T2

18 NAJAFGARH 220/66KV T1 220/66KV T2

19 NARAINA 220/33KV T1 220/33KV T2

20 OKHLA 220/66KV T1 220/66KV T2 220/33 KV T1 220/33 KV T2

21 VASANT KUNJ 220/66KV T1

22 WAZIRABAD 220/66KV T1

23 GEETA COLONY 220/33KV T1 220/33 KV T2

24 PAPANKALAN-2 220/66KV T1 220/66 KV T2

25 DSIDC 220/66KV T1 220/66 KV T2

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INTER REGIONAL

NORTHERN

REGION

E

A

S

T

E

R

N

R

E

G

I

O

N

NEPAL

BHUTAN

N. E

REGION

WESTERN

REGION

400 KV RAIPUR ROURKELA

220 KV KORBA BUDHIPADAR

SOUTHERN

REGION

220 KV SAHUPURI-PUSAULI

BIHAR

PUSAULI

HVDC

K

O

L

H

A

P

U

R

CHIKHODI

BHADRAVATI

B/B HVDC

400 KV GORAKHPUR- MUZAFFERPUR

U

J

J

A

I

N

M

O

R

A

K

TALCHAR-KOLAR

BIPOLE HVDC

GAZUWAKA

B/B HVDC

220 KV SILERU-BALLMELA

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This includes the all the 400 KV lines of the northern region of India. It connects all the power plants

to various substations and also shows the real time data on each line. There are various stations

across the northern region of India which is situated at various intervals to handle the load. Plants

which produce electricity is in raw form and has to be controlled so that it can become transferable.

Hence the current is transported in 400 KV line when the current which is transferred is for a long

distance hence these lines are passed from areas where there is minimum population and is out of

reach of anyone. These lines cause life danger hence they are not used in the cities to transmit

electricity, they create a powerful magnetic field around the wires which can attract anyone who goes

near it. This diagram also gives the insight of every plant on the circuit. If a user wants to see what‟s

the situation inside the plant he/she can simply click on the plant name and the inner circuit of the

plant is displayed on the screen. Then the inner circuit shows the various BUS and the circuits

breakers used inside the plant and their current situation whether they are closed or working or under

repair. The diagram also shows the various transformer loadings of all the transformers in the

northern region. Also there is an option in this to show the northern region summary this shows a

clearer picture as to working of the whole northern area network. This shows the blocks of the entire

northern region, this is shown as below:-

NR LINE DIAGRAM

Kashmir

valley

Bhakra

complex

Jhakri

South

Punjab/

North

Haryana

Rest

Punjab

Jammu

Uttranchal HP

Pong/

Bairasul

Chamera

Western

UP/

central

NR

South

Haryana

Raj

asth

an

W. Delhi

E. Delhi

S. Delhi

Central

UP

Eastern

UP

South-

East

Region

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After careful analysis of the circuit of the entire Delhi region there are some lines which are more prone

to tripping. These lines have to be carefully monitored and all time alert system is maintained to monitor

these lines. A screen is maintained for this trip line at all time and the real time voltage value is shown on

the screen on each line of this circuit. This is a very important circuit of the whole system because it

contains a Gas Turbine power plants and thermal power plant directly connected to the circuit. Reason

of tripping is because Gas Turbine plants have a lag when they create electricity this lag produces a

sudden thrust of electric current after few seconds which overloads the system immediately. This sudden

jerk in the current produces a cascading effect on the lines which are attached to the power plant

because if one line trips all the load is transferred to the other line and the other line begins to transmit

the load required then this line gets over loaded and then it also breaks hence all the system continues

this effect until the circuit is cut-off from the extra load which is being transferred.

All these power generation plants have been set up by the Indraprastha Power Generation Co. Ltd.:-

Brief profile of the company

Indraprastha Power Generation Co. Ltd. (IPGCL) was incorporated on 1st July,2002 and it took over the

generation activities w.e.f. 1st July,2002 from erstwhile Delhi Vidyut Board after its unbundling into six

successor companies. The main functions of IPGCL are generation of electricity and its total installed

capacity is 994.5 MW including of Pragati Power Station. Its associate Company is Pragati Power

Corporation Limited which was incorporated on 9th January, 2001.

Indraprastha Power Station

First Unit of 36.6 MW at I.P. Station was commissioned in 1963 and was inaugurated by the first Prime

Minister of India, late Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. The Power Station was further expanded in 1967-68 with

installation of three Units of 62.5 MW each; in 1971 one more Unit of 60 MW was commissioned. The

first Unit of 36.6 MW retired by CEA in Feb.2000 and is under disposal. The present available capacity of

this Station is 247.5 MW. It is a coal-based station, getting deshaled coal having ash content less than

34% from NCL, Bina.

Rajghat Power House

Two Units of 67.5 MW were installed in 1989-90 at Rajghat power House as replacement of old units.

The present generation capacity of this Station is 135 MW like I.P. Station. RPH is also coal based

operating on deshaled coal from NCL, Bina.

Gas Turbine Power Station

Six Gas Turbine Units of 30 MW each were commissioned in 1985-86 to cater to the power demand in

peak hours. Initially this Station worked as peaking power station but due to growing power demand, it

IMPORTANT TRIP LINE

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was converted into combined cycle gas turbine station with commissioning of Waste Heat Recovery

Units in 1995-96. The total capacity of this Station is 282 MW. The gas supply has been tied up with

GAIL through HBJ Pipeline. The APM gas allocation is not sufficient for full generation from the power

station. Subsequently, with the availability of Regassified LNG, an agreement was made with GAIL for

supply of R-LNG so that maximum generation could be achieved.

Pragati Power Station

To bridge the gap between demand and supply and to give reliable supply to the capital City a 330 MW

combined cycle Gas Turbine Power Project was set up on fast track basis. This plant consists of two gas

based Units of 104 MW each and one Waste heat Recovery Unit of 122 MW. Gas supply has been tied

up with GAIL through HBJ Pipeline. Due to paucity of water this plant was designed to operate on

treated sewage water which is being supplied from Sen nursing Home and Delhi Gate Sewage

Treatment plants.

Pragati Power Station

To bridge the gap between demand and supply and to have reliable supply to the Capital City, a 330 MW

combined cycle Gas Turbine Power Project was set up on fast track basis. This plant consists of 2 x 104

MW Frame 9-E Gas Turbine Units commissioned in 2002 – 03 and 1 x 122 MW STG Unit commissioned

in 2003 – 04. Gas supply has been tied up with GAIL through HBJ Pipeline. The station is performing

satisfactorily meeting the targets set by DERC and CEA.

Salient Features

i. Due to paucity of water this plant was designed to operate on treated sewage water which is being

supplied from Sen Nursing Home & Delhi Gate STPs.

ii. Emission of oxides of nitrogen (Nox) has been limited to 35 PPM, lowest in the country, for which

special technology is used by installing Dry Low Nox Combustors.

With the commissioning of Pragati Power Station, total capacity of IPGCL & PPCL is994.5MW and all

our efforts are made to maximize the generation.

The most tripping circuit is shown as below: -

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STATION UNIT1

UNIT2

UNIT3

UNIT4

UNIT5

UNIT6

S.T 1

S.T 2

S.T3

TOTAL MW

PRAGATI MW

RAJGHAT MW

GAS TURBINE

MW

BADARPUR MW

MANDAULA

GOPALPUR WZD-1

WAZIRABAD

K_GATE

GEETA

COLONY

PATPARGANJ

IP POWER

RAJGHAT

POWER PLANT

PRAGATI SARITA

VIHAR

PRAGATI

POWER PLANT

GAS TURBINE

POWER PLANT

PARKSTREET

MAHARANIBAGH

BADARPUR

LODHI ROAD

Circuit breaker

Power Plant

Substation

TIE LINES

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It is a connection between systems, such as electrical power systems. These are basically a dedicated

circuit linking 2 points such that connection is automatically made or made by dialling 1 or 2 digits. These

lines adjust themselves automatically according to the load shift of the demand. These were put up

because the load of these line use to shift very frequently and to deal with shifting of load was very

difficult manually. Now in this system whenever the load requirement decreases on one line the current

is automatically shifted to the other lines because the main problem is that electricity can‟t be stored and

due to this there always has to be perfect balance between the demand and supply any extra load has to

be transferred to some other line so that it can be used. If this is not done the voltage of that line

increases to a danger level and that line is in danger of damage. Hence this system eliminates the

chance of any damage to occur in the system. The lines which use this system don‟t usually require any

monitoring until and unless a major fault like transformer burst takes place. If that happens an alarm

system is there which highlights a certain part of screen indicating that there is any danger in TIE lines

and needs manually monitoring.

This shows the MW and MVAR of all the lines of Delhi region in a tabular format. These don‟t have any

automatic system to adjust according to the load demand and supply. This has to be dealt manually and

hence the summary of these lines are always shown on the main screen which shows the real time value

of all the lines and an inbuilt alarm system is kept in place and if the valve of MW or MVAR fluctuates

anywhere above or below +/- 5% then a red light appears on that line when indicates immediate

attention is required on that line. However if the valve is closing the danger value the line starts blinking

first to indicate that this is a possible danger line and if the value come closer to the danger line then the

line which is in the tabular table becomes blue and if it reaches the danger value it becomes red. All the

lines are connected to the various substations which are placed all around the Delhi region and the

tabular table also shows the value carried out by the substation. Sometimes the fault is from the

substation itself and not the line hence proper monitoring of the various other substations is also

necessary for proper functioning of the system.

The project which will I make later on will be aimed at integrating all the system together in such a

manner that minimum manual requirement is there this is very essential as these monitoring is done

round the clock in DTL and it becomes very difficult to monitor during nights hence to make such a

system which integrates all and produce a result automatically is very essential in this office.

DTL LINES

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This gives the overview of the whole DTL network. All the values such as total load, total schedule,

drawal, etc is given in this block. Also giving the schedule and drawal of all the DISCOMs working in

Delhi helps to look at a glance which DISCOM is working effectively and which one is working in loss.

The diagram of the overview is shown below:-

REGIONAL LOAD AND GENERATION

MW CURRENT FREQUENCY ______ HZ

CURRENT UI RATE ______Paisa/KWH

UI AMOUNT RECEIVABLE (-) /PAYABLE (+) IN RS

LACS FROM 00:00 HRS TILL TIME _____ LACS

NET DTL DRAWAL

DTL SCHDULE

OD (+) / UD (-)

DTL LOAD

DTL GENERATION

GENERATIONS

IP POWER

RAJGHAT

G.T

PRAGATI

BTPS

MW ENERGY FROM 00:00 HRS TO LAST TIME SLOT

DTL SCHEDULE (MUs)

DTL DRAWAL (MUs)

OD/UD

DTL LOAD (MUs)

BSES

RAJDHANI

BSES

YAMUNA

NDPL NDMC MES

SCHEDULE

DRAWAL

OD(+)/UD(-)

GENERATION CENTRAL SECTOR STATE REGIONAL

GEN

HYDRO

THERMAL

TOTAL

DTL OVERVIEW

REGIONAL

LOAD

_____

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This gives the overall flow of the Delhi region and gives that how is the region divided. The region is

divided as follows.

This gives details of the current day‟s peak load and other highlights which are relevant in future to make

predictions and recommendations. This data is seen at the end of the day and proper scheduling is

made based on it for the next day. The details of this section are given below: -

CURRENT TIME:

PEAK LOAD MW

PEAK LOAD TIME

DRAWAL FROM CENTRAL SECTOR MW

OD (+) /UD (-) MW

Delhi GENERATION MW

BTPS SENT OUT MW

RPH GENERATION MW

G.T GENERATION MW

PRAGATI GENERATION MW

FREQUENCY HZ

CIRCLEWISE FLOW

DELHI

CENTRAL

CIRCLE

EAST

CIRCLE

SOUTH

CIRCLE

WEST

CIRCLE

TODAY PEAK DEMAND

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The 3rd option in the SCADA MENU is

Under this option all the line diagram of various areas of northern region are shown like Remote system

control centre (RSCC), (CPCC), Chandigarh, Gladni, Heerapura, Lucknow, Minto, Panipat, Patiala and

Shimla. Under each options there are various substations which are working and if the user goes into

detail of the substation he/she can look at the line diagram of that station. The line diagram shows not

only the working of the substation but also the network outside the substation of which it is a part. From a

particular substation certain number of lines are going out which feed the houses and offices of the city.

These lines are directly linked to the substations, and any fault in the station affects the lines coming out

of the stations and so they affect the homes and offices connected from these lines. If at any point there

is a fault in the network that part is highlighted in red and a message appears in the left side of the

screen indicating the possible reason for the fault. If the fault is sure then it shows as it is and if the

reason of fault is not sure then a symbol “S” is shown which means suspect and the system is not sure

of the fault and it has to be dealt with manually.

The 4th option in the SCADA MENU is

This contains all the communication taking place in the system from any two parties. These parties can

be the substations, DTL and any other substation, NRLDC and DTL or any other WAN communication.

These communications are important as it helps in monitoring the proper functioning of the system and

any kind of discrepancy can be removed by just checking the communication chart in this option. This

also shows how each one is connected to each other in the network in other words all the systems

connected to any particular system is given under this option. This gives the view to any user as how the

communication network works in the system.

Further options in this tab are as follows:-

ONELINES

COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION

RTU COMMUNICATION/

LINE MANAGEMENT

SITE

COMMUNICATION

WAN

COMMUNICATION

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The 5th option in SCADA MENU is

This option is used usually when there is any fault in the system. This is build to guide the user to detect

where and which type of fault is there in the system. Alarm is very important in the system as they keep

the person on duty alert on the status of the system. Alarm menu has further 4 options:-

ALARM

ALARM

ALARM

LIST ACTIVITY

LOG

ALARM INHIBIT

CONTROL

REVIEW

EXCEPTION

S

ALARM

LIST

This has the list of all the alarms which are recorded in the

system and these are categorised in the system as: - Alarm

Summary, Alarm Locations and All Alarms.

Alarm Summary: - It contains day to day summary of all

the alarm which are recorded.

Alarm Locations: - This is the list of the locations from

where the alarm was recorded. This is important as it tells

the user which location has maximum number of alarms

and that location could be monitored manually and the

problems can be brought under scanner and then it could

be rectified more effectively.

All Alarm: - This is the list of all the alarm irrespective of

the location and it also includes the details of the alarm

explaining the reason for it and the current status of the

alarm.

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ACTIVITY

LOG This is the LOG details of the system which means

it contains all the activities which take place

throughout the system. Irrespective of the level of

importance it just stores the data which may or may

not be of relevance in the future. It has further 4

options: -

System Activity Log: - It gives real time updates of

the activities at various stations in the northern

region. It records the data at that particular instant

and the time is noted up to millisecond.

Location Activity Log: - This gives location wise data

of all the activities in the system. The user can

choose which area he/she wants to check for

activities at any particular date.

System Activity Archival: - This is the record of the

old activities of the system which can go up a year.

Annotation inside Logs: - This gives the meaning of

the notations given in the activity logs. Usually Logs

gives only the notation and the date, time and place

of the activity. The details of the activity can

checked under this heading.

ALARM INHIBIT

CONTROL This option helps to control the nature of alarm from

DTL. The person on duty can choose the nature of alarm

i.e. critical, important or low priority. This option is given

to the user as he/she can decide whether immediate

work is required on the activity or not.

REVIEW

EXCEPTION

S

This option gives the user the ability to review any

exceptions that have taken place over the week

from normal working of the system. This option

gives the user an advantage to predict any future

accidents or disruption which might take place as

the part of the system which is not working properly

gets recorded under this option.

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The 6th option in SCADA MENU is

This option helps to monitor the security of the online SCADA system and protects it from any virus or

any unauthorised usage. This is a REAL TIME NETWORK SECURITY SYSTEM which keeps the user

up to date with any interruptions in the system.

Further options under this menu are: -

NET_SECURITY

NET_SECURITY

NETWORK

SEQUENCE

CONTROL

STATE

ESTIMATION

CONTIGENCY

ANALYSIS

OUTAGE

SCHEDULING

SECURITY

ENHANCEMENT

NETWORK

SEQUENCE

CONTROL

This option records the real time network sequence

of all the activities related to proper function of the

system. Under this further there are 2 options: -

Network online sequence: - This gives the

details of the system of all category and also

shows the information of various DISCOMs

and their profit or loss %. It also shows the

contingency analysis and shows when the

last contingency plan was was used and

what was the reason for it.

Network online sequence log: - This has the

real time updates of all the system and the

activities relating to any change is the

setting of the system e.g. if there is any

circuit breaker which changes from closed to

open then the log will show that the

particular CB had changed status.

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STATE

ESTIMATION

This option gives the real time estimate of status of

each component of the system. This contains various

other options as well like forecast load, network data,

network message log, network state guidelines &

network forecast. These all are used for proper

functioning of the network and to rectify any problem.

CONTIGENCY

ANALYSIS

There is always a contingency plan which is build for the

system so that it may not crash at any time. This plan is

fragmented to various small network block plan which

keep the one part isolated to other and if there is any

problem with the particular segment of the that segment

is isolated so that it doesn‟t affect the rest of the system

and a contingency plan which is build for that particular

segment.

SECURITY

ENHANCEMENT

These are the updates and the enhancements which

are added to all parts of the system. This section

keeps record of all these enhancements and

upgradation taking place in all part of the system

across the northern region.

OUTAGE

SCHEDULING

There is always some maintenance work or some

upgradation work being carried out at various

substations when these processes take place the whole

substation or a part of it has to be shut down so that

there is no danger to the men who are working in the

field. All these scheduling of shutdowns at various

stations ahs to be stored somewhere so that when the

time of working on the station takes place there is no

problem in taking permission of shutdown as the data is

already stored in the system.

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The 7th option in the SCADA MENU is

This deals with the generation and dispatch operations taking place across the system. This gives the

comparative summary of all the plant working in the system and how much they are generating, what

their capacity is and how much they are dispatching to various regions of India. Therefore this sections

has two parts: -

1) Monitor and control generation: - This options enables the user at DTL to monitor and even

control the generation from various plants. Since DTL has the data of the entire northern region

and they are in possession of the scheduled demand for the day of various regions, hence they

can make a better judgement on how much a plant has to produce in order to meet the demand.

This option shows all the real time generation of all the plants under the control of DTL. This

report is tallied with the demand of the region and hence proper generation target is given to

various plants. A user can command to various plants at a particular instant, this gives the user

the freedom to give multiple commands at a particular time. But the estimate is always done

manually and the decision solely depends on the person on the duty. Also this option gives the

limit of all the plants so that the target given to the plant is never more than the plant‟s capacity.

2) Transaction/generation schedule: - This option has the schedule of all the generation to be taken

place the next day. This schedule is made around midnight everyday for the next day. Also the

transaction part deals with the selling and buying of electricity from various DISCOMs and plants.

DISCOMs buy electricity from the plants according to the floating rate at that moment and if this

electricity becomes in abundance it sells to other DISCOM which is having shortage applying the

floating rate per unit of electricity at that time.

GEN_DISPATCH

GEN_DISPATCH

MONITOR AND

CONTROL

GENERATION

TRANSACTION/GENERATION

SCHEDULE

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The 8th option in the SCADA MENU is

This is the planning part of the system which stores the forecasts of load and inflow without the input

from the DISCOMs. These forecasted values are calculated using various parameters such as: -

Time of season

Temperature prediction the next day

Load demand on the previous day and current day

Demand at this date last year

Wind moment of the region

Day of the week

Holidays (if any)

Time of the year(e.g. new year‟s eve, diwali, etc)

Now the 2 parts of the planning are: -

1) Load forecasting: - This is the demand forecast for the next day in the Delhi region.

2) Inflow forecasting: - This is the forecast of the inflow of power to Delhi from various plants on the

next day.

PLANNING

PLANNING

LOAD

FORECASTING

INFLOW

FORECASTING

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The 9th option in the SCADA MENU is

This is the system management options which help the system manager control the whole SCADA

system. This is the tool with which all the repairs related to system takes place. It basically has 2

modes:-

Hardware control: - It has various sub-options to manage the hardware of the system. All these are

helpful in some way to help keeping the system intact and operational. The various sub-options are: -

Computer state and control: - This gives the current status of the system and whether it‟s working

properly or not. It gives the details of various parts of the system and indicates whether each part is

working properly or not. Against each part name there is a colour which is highlighted if the colour is

green then the part is working perfectly if the colour is yellow then the part requires manual assistance

and the computer is not sure whether it is working properly or not.

Site backup state and control: - This option tells the user what is the status of the backup of the DTL site

if the current site crashes as DTL can‟t afford to let the site crash because all the work is done on real-

time basis. It also helps in controlling the backup site.

Process manager: - This gives details of the process manager tasks and status & control. The process

manager has to control the various sub-sections of the SCADA system and he/she can control the whole

network from one single computer. There is a private access to process manager to the system and

he/she can rectify any blockage in the system if it occurs due to server overload. The basic job is

process manager is to keep the SCADA system running at every moment. Process manager has the

power to shutdown, cut-off or restart any part of the system which is danger of corrupting the whole

system. Sometimes system gets hit by various viruses then some effected parts have to be cut-off before

it can be rectifies so that it can be worked on in isolation.

Time synchronization: - This option helps to keep all the system time in the DTL network to be in sync

with each other. Sometimes what happens is some system has a different time and the other system has

a different time. This leads to confusion as all the system works on real time basis and all the data entry

gets stored in real time as well. The difference in time will create an unnecessary time lag which can

SYSTEM_MGNT

SYSTEM_MGNT

HARDWARE

CONTROL

CHANGE MODE

CONTROL

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hinder various processes in the system e.g. when a system manager commands a certain circuit breaker

to be closed as a certain time, if his/her system time differs from the one in the system of the other

station where the command is received then the circuit breaker will be closed at the time which is relative

to that system hence this may lead to circuit breakdowns and line damage.

Change mode control: - This mode defines the accessibility of various users of the system. Which user

can access till what extent is given in this option and if the manager wants to change it can do so with

the help of this option. All the users are given their powers though this option this is done because there

are certain parts which a lower level employee is not required to access so to block these accesses a

barrier is setup in the system because by mistake someone can give a wrong command if he/she has

access to the whole system and it can shutdown the whole system.

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The 10th option in the SCADA MENU is

This option has all the models of various parts of the system like load forecast, inflow forecast, network,

generation, hydro, data exchange and setting online a new database. All these models are given in this

option which explains how these models are build and also explains the working of all these models to

the user. Any analysis of the process can be done by looking at the model of the process since this is

how the process works and it is the basic foundation of the process. Also if the process has to be

changed first a model is build for the process then it is applied to the actual system. So making the

model and storing it is very important because future analysts can analyse the processes by using only

the model of the processes.

Each modelling options contains a model control, message log, validation messages and alarm. All

these options keep the record of various processes which were discuss above and under the

subsections all the details of them are available. Details like model control, message log, validation

message and alarm are stored on a regular basis and various archived files are available in this option

which are stored according to the date and time in which they have occurred.

All these models are displayed offline to the system which means they are not connected to the system

at any instant. So a person can change a few parameters in the model without affecting the whole

system. But if the changes made are acceptable to the whole department and is in consensus with the

head of the department then it can be attached to the system server and then the process will start

working in the manner which is stored at that time. After that it can again be made offline and the system

keeps on running with the present model.

The last option in the modelling is the Setting online a new database, this option basically integrates the

system which is divided in various subgroups. A well defined sequence is given in this which tells which

part is the main server and which is connected to which subgroup. This table is a clear representation of

the system and helps any new user to understand the system in a detailed manner. One more important

option in this category is the Alarm option. For each model a specific Alarm option is given and if a user

clicks on it, it displays the alarm limits of all the models. Also the user has the power to change the alarm

limits of various models. This is very helpful as system keeps on getting upgraded and hence the alarm

limits keeps on changing from time to time. So these limits need to be in the control of the user so that

he/she can change it according to the upgradation done to a specific process in the system.

MODELING

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The 11th option in the SCADA MENU is

This option is directly linked to the DTL website and helps to change, upgrade or rectify any part of the

website form the user‟s desk. Website need to be constantly kept running and timely upgrades are also

very important as new n more powerful viruses keeps on entering the server, hence to prevent any

damage to the website constant upgradation to its firewall is necessary. A net analyst has a job to keep

the DTL website running at all time and at any cost. If there is a sudden overload on the server and the

site is not loading then an alternative plan which is known as contingency plan in applied to the server

and the site is redirected to somewhere else which is known as a backup site.

The 12th option in the SCADA MENU is

This is the power application analyst function which helps to analyse the operation planning and

generation.

NET_ANALST

GEN_ANALYST

GEN_ANALYST

GENERATION OPERATION

PLANNING

OPERATION

PLANNING

This displays the load are forecast and

the inflow forecast with respect to

analyst displays. This means that the

data is presented in the format that will

be suitable for the analysts to just see

and come to the conclusion that which

area is having the problem and which

one is doing a good job.

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The 13th option in the SCADA MENU is

This option is in the peak of the pyramid of the system. Under this option all other options can be seen

and all the summaries can be viewed in just a glance. This option is meant only for the system analyst

who controls the whole system and knows the system inside and out. The user has all the information

like alarm limits, station information, loadsheding, website application tools, permit display, time sync

display and other hardware related options. This is not used by any of the employees except the system

manager himself. The system manager keeps himself up to date by this option as it can navigate

throughout the system and see the whole things are working in the system without interrupting the

normal working of the system.

GENERATION This displays the all real time generation and

all study generation. The difference between

the earlier displays and this display is that it

displays in a different manner which is good

for the analysts to just see and come to a

conclusion. All study generation has various

details of generation like fuel used, time for

which plant is active, model No, of all the

parts of the plant, fuel cost, efficiency, etc.

This data is specifically meant for analysts

and is used by them to calculate the working

effectiveness of the plant and the system.

These time to time analyses are very useful

to prevent any future damages which may be

caused due to current processes which are

running in the system.

SYSTEM_ANALYST

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The 14th option in the SCADA MENU is

This option is divided as below: -

DATA_EXCHANGE

DATA_EXCHANGE

GENERATION

RESOURCE SCHEDULING

COORDINATION

EXCHANGE

SAMPLER

GENERATION

This gives the data of all the data exchanges that have

taken place with the power plant and the various

substations.

RESOURCE SCHEDULING

COORDINATION

EXCHANGE

This stores all the details of the data of

scheduling which went as planned and if there

was any disruption in between that data is

highlighted in red. This is to find out where the

scheduling process went wrong and the reason

of for it to wrong.

SAMPLER This is the sample data which is stored permanently in

the system this explains the meaning of each symbol

and by looking at this any new user can correlate it with

the real time data stored in the other two options. These

are done to keep the system working smooth even if the

user keeps on changing.

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The 15th option in the SCADA MENU is

This option gives the details of the current plan which is followed in the DTL system. This has further 4

sub-categories: -

CUR_OPER_PLAN

CUR_OPER_PLAN

FORECAST UNIT

COMMITMENT

INTERCHANGE

TRANSACTION

SCHEDULES

OUTAGE

SCHEDULING

UNIT

COMMITMENT

FORECAST This gives the details of the forecast study and its history.

The forecast study has various details like how the forecast

was calculated and what was the actual demand and

supply. Also the history of forecast tells the user that how

the process has worked in the recent times and what is the

accuracy of the forecast.

Unit commitment means that a certain number of units are

committed to DTL by the power plants in Delhi that this

much they will produce at any cost. This commitment

binds the plant to come up with this amount of unit, so by

using this data all the scheduling and for the next day is

done.

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Demerits of the SLDC system

Every time the breakdown happens the person on duty has to look on the whole real time

network diagram and see where the load can be shifted.

The decisions made are purely experience based and it is very difficult for a new person to make

any kind of decision in case of any shutdown or breakage.

There is always a need of atleast 2 manual personnel to be present at the duty.

All the updates from various plants are recorded in a register.

There is always a scope of confusion when the duty changes from one person to the other.

Can‟t be used in windows.

If one system fails then all of the system goes in “suspect” hence all the work then has to be done

manually.

INTERCHANGE

TRANSACTION

SCHEDULES

This contains all the transaction details between the

DISCOMs and between the plants located in other states &

the DISCOMs of Delhi. All the transactions which take place

are in the real time basis and are purchased on the floating

rate of electricity per unit.

OUTAGE

SCHEDULING This is the schedule of the under drawal or over drawal

which might take place on the next day according to all

the calculations done with the help of all the data

available to the user.

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MIS Solution for the current system

Current scenario indicates that SLDC performs various tasks online, but there is a scope of making the

whole working of the SLDC system MIS based and which will lead to minimum lag time and maximum

efficiency. The process of recording the real time updates on register can be made online using

computers but this creates a problem for the staff as they are not well equipped with computers. The way

out of this can be by feeding the commands in the system and the person ahs to remember only the

codes of the commands and the system can automatically feed the updates on all of the system. Also

during any shutdown or breakage in the system the person on duty has to look at the whole system and

then come up with the action plan to divert the load on the alternate line and also he has to be careful as

it should not to exceed the load limit of a that line. Now all these decisions are made manually but

through the use of MIS a person can easily identify his options and therefore give the command in just

few seconds. Using MIS whenever there is a breakage in the network, the system will trigger the

program which will look for a suitable way out for the load keeping in mind the maximum capacity of

each line. Hence once the a breakdown occurs the computer will immediately give the alternative way

out to the user and the user just has to choose from the given option and give the command further to

the respective substation.

Also various inputs can be put on the master file which will can forecast any breakdown in the system,

instead of just keeping a simple alarm system which beeps only when there is a sudden load demand

and the voltage or current falls in the danger zone. With the help of MIS better predictions can be made

according to the time of day, time of year, temperature, etc. This can tell the DTL office in advance that

there is going to be a breakage in such a line and also give the remedial actions for such breakage.

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PROPOSED PROCESS DIAGRAM

In this diagram I have proposed a system which will help DTL to make the system more efficient and

more effective.

Firstly before drawing the process diagram I have shown what will be inputs and requirements for the

system

All this data is kept on the master file and it keeps on getting updated on a real time basis. By connecting

all the systems in the network with each other and upgradation made in any system trigger‟s a update in

the master file and hence it keeps on running. Master file should be well protected from any virus and

proper firewalls are to be placed in order to protect it from any damage. Also a back up file is to be

prepared for master file so that if by any chance the master file gets corrupted the backup file can run the

system for the time being till the master file gets repaired. Also a contingency plan is to be prepared

before implementing the whole MIS system so as to take into account any failure which makes the MIS a

system continuous and hard to break.

MASTER FILE

Capacity of all

the lines and

substations

Time of the year

(month/season)

Real time

temperature Previous

shutdowns and

breakages

Schedule shutdown

for maintenance

Last peak

demand

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Process diagram for any breakage in the system: -

MASTER FILE

In the above process in case of any breakdown in the system lines the area report to the responsible

substation which is responsible for that area. Then the substation sends the information about the

breakage to the Master file which treats the information given as input and calculates the alternate mode

of releasing the load of that area. Since the master file is equipped with all the data of every line of the

system using permutation and combinations and the current status of the system it comes out the

wayout of the load and send the proposal to the DTL office (SLDC). Then after looking at the alternative

produced by the computer the person in charge accepts or rejects the computers recommendation, if

DTL rejects the recommendation the Master file is processed for another route for load except the first

option and returns back with another option. And if the DTL accepts the recommendation then the

accepted plan is passed on to the substation and which further gives command to the breakage region to

implement the accepted plan.

Using the above system the whole process of DTL system can be made automatic and a person on duty

has to just choose from the options provided by the master file for a particular breakdown. There will be

no time lag of thinking and choosing a proper way to disperse the incoming load or extract the load from

any surplus area which is in danger/breakdown. This will be a real time system which can be used by

only one person at a time and for difficult situations e.g. at night this system can be very helpful. The

files are updated as the decision is taken at the DTL centre station but this is only one of the situations

where the system works.

Substation

Breakdown

DTL (central

system SLDC)

A

R

Command

Update

Accept

Reject

Information

Problem

Solution

Look for another solution

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For normal day to day working such breakdowns are not so common, then usually the Master file has to

be updated to keep the system connected with each other and to make the system informed with the

happenings of the whole network because in case of any fault in any lines of the system the system has

all the real time updates from every part of the system to make the appropriate decision.

Process diagram for day to day working of the system: -

MASTER FILE

As using a complicated MIS system can be difficult for the current employees of DTL hence a command

system can be implemented in the MIS system to make it user friendly. Each command has a description

given to it, these commands are made according to the most common updates which a substation gives

to the DTL centre. So simply the people at the substation has to type the command number and the

required request will be send to DTL and it will be their decision as to accept or reject the request of the

substation if it is rejected the message it back to the substation and if is accepted then the master file is

updated about the condition of the line and station.

Substation 1

Substation 2

Substation 3

DTL (central

system SLDC)

Command 1

Command 2 Command 3

R

Request

Rejected

Description Description Description

A

Acc

epte

d

R

R

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Advantages of using MIS: -

Real time updates possible throughout the system.

No time lag when breakdown occurs.

Easy to update the system.

Can work in windows as well.

Not much manual work is required.

No chance of any confusion among different systems on the network as all the data is stored at

one place only.

Can be used by any inexperienced person.

There is no chance of any data loss throughout the system.

Even if one system fails the system works properly as Master file runs on the last updated value

which can also be manually replaced.

CONCLUSION

Under the DTL a new department called as SLDC was created to integrate the power system in Delhi.

SLDC use a system known as Supervisor Control And Data Acquisition System (SCADA). This system

integrates all the data given from all the DISCOMs to SLDC. And based on that data the system is

controlled on real time basis and besides getting the information all other work is done manually. Main

cause of disrupted flow of information is because the less knowledge of computers and the system are

connected in such a way that if any one stops working whole system goes into “suspect” (which means

the values shown on the screen might not be correct). To provide a better use of technology I have

suggested that MIS should be used to properly connect the system with each other and also to work with

minimum manual work. MIS system shown in my report is a very means of connecting the whole network

as it reduces the chances of any breakdown because even if one substation does not work the system

keeps on working effectively without going into “suspect”. The MIS system will enable DTL to work on

the system with just one man on duty which would be helpful on night duties as those are tuff hours of

working effectively. Therefore, to conclude it was a wonderful experience to see the real time working of

the system and understanding how the concept of forecasting helps the system to work for the future

and I hope my proposed MIS system help DTL in the future to make their work more effective and

efficient.

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ANNEXURE-1

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ANNEXURE-2

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ANNEXURE -3

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ANNEXURE -4

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REFERENCES

Delhi Transco Limited Annual report 2008-09

Delhi Transco Limited progress report 2009

www.delhitransco.gov.in/

www.delhisldc.org/

www.nrldc.org/

www.wikipedia.com

www.howstuffworks.com