about stalls the truth… about stalls great lakes aviation conference 2014 thomas p. turner mastery...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Truth…
About Stalls
Great Lakes Aviation Conference 2014
Thomas P. Turner
Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
www.mastery-flight-training.com
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
www.eaglegroupusa.com
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Today’s lesson:
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Today’s lesson:
Don’t Stall
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Today’s lesson:
Don’t Stall…unless you mean to
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Loss of Control
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Stall Scenarios
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Type of Stalls
• Power OFF• Power ON• Accelerated
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Type of Stalls
• Power OFF• Power ON• Accelerated
• Flaps UP• Flaps DOWN• Flaps
PARTIALLY EXTENDED
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Critical Angle of Attack
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High AoA on Final Approach
10°
16°17°
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High AoA on Missed Approach/Go-Around
10°
16°17°
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10° 16° 17°
High AoA on Takeoff/Initial Climb
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
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Critical AoA
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Critical AoA
Maximum Lift
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Critical AoA
Maximum Lift
Best Rate of Climb
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Effect of G-Load
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Effect of G-Load
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Bank Angle During Descent
• LITTLE to NO increase in G-load
Therefore…
• LITTLE to NO increase in stall speed
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To make an airplane stall,you (or the autopilot or the trim)
must actively resist the airplane’s tendency to descend.
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My CFI Experience• A36 pilot very nervous about stalls• Told him we’d just slow the plane down and
see how it handles
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Pre-Stall Indications
• Pulling on the yoke
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Pre-Stall Indications
• Pulling on the yoke• Right rudder to maintain heading
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Pre-Stall Indications
• Pulling on the yoke• Right rudder to maintain heading• Decreasing noise
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Pre-Stall Indications
• Pulling on the yoke• Right rudder to maintain heading• Decreasing noise• Decreasing indicated airspeed
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Pre-Stall Indications
• Pulling on the yoke• Right rudder to maintain heading• Decreasing noise• Decreasing indicated airspeed
Release the back pressure to reduce the AoA
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
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Angle of Attack Indicators
• Sense and display actual AoA
• Automatically account for changes in airplane weight
• More visual display of maximum-performance “speeds”
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
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AoA Indications (Alpha Systems display)
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AoA Indications (Alpha Systems display)
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
AoA Indications (Alpha Systems display)
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
AoA Indications (Alpha Systems display)
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• Slower than “normal” speeds• Individually calibrated: no consistency from
one airplane to the next• Single sensor: only accurate in coordinated
flight• No consistent training standard
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NTSB Data 2003-2012
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NTSB Cross-Section
C172 PA28 BE23Bonanza Cirrus Duchess
C310 Seneca BaronPC-12 TBM700/850 PA46
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47%
13%
39% Fatal
Serious
None
Severity of Injury
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17%
83%
Power Loss
Other
Power Loss
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Takeoff
Cruise
/Man
euverin
g
Balked/M
issed
IFR Circ
ling
Landing
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%Phase of Flight
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72%
28%
Power On
Power Off
Power ON vs. Power OFF
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
Today’s lesson:
• Stall For Proficiency• Fly to Avoid Stalls
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The Truth About Stalls
• The airplane will not stall unless you (or the trim) are actively increasing back pressure on the elevators
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The Truth About Stalls
• The airplane will not stall unless you (or the trim) are actively increasing back pressure on the elevators
• Banking when under G-load increases the speed at which the wing reaches critical AoA
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The Truth About Stalls
• The more flap, the more dynamic the stall
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The Truth About Stalls
• The more flap, the more dynamic the stall• A mush is as bad as a stall
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
• The more flap, the more dynamic the stall• A mush is as bad as a stall• Uncoordinated flight increases the AoA on
the low wing, and may not provide stall warning or AoA indications
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The Truth About Stalls
• Power ON stall crashes outnumber power OFF crashes THREE to ONE
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
• Power ON stall crashes outnumber power OFF crashes THREE to ONE
• 55% of all stalls happen on takeoff, go around or missed approach
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©2014 Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
The Truth About Stalls
• Power ON stall crashes outnumber power OFF crashes THREE to ONE
• 55% of all stalls happen on takeoff, go around or missed approach
• 20% of stalls occur during a loss of engine power—many of those fuel management-related
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Mitigations
• Fuel• Be prepared so sensations are instinctive
if an engine quits• Regular practice on stalls and high AoA• Density altitude• Pitch attitudes• Trim for the missed
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The Truth…
About Stalls
Free FLYING LESSONS Weekly e-newsletter
Thomas P. Turner
Mastery Flight Training, Inc.
www.mastery-flight-training.com