about pumps, valves, & fans by deva
DESCRIPTION
Glands on Pumps, ValvesTRANSCRIPT
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ENGINEERING LESSON GUIDE 4
PUMPS, VALVES, AND FANS
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VALVES
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TYPES OF VALVES
Globe valves - common type of stop valve– the disk seats on the seating ring– commonly used in, steam, air, water, and
oil lines– also used as throttle valves
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TYPES OF VALVES
Gate valve - used for straight line flow and when minimum flow restriction are needed– not used for throttling– rising stem or nonrising stem– steam systems have flexible gates
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TYPES OF VALVES
Butterfly valve - light weight, relatively small and quick-acting– has a body, resilient seat, butterfly disk, a
stem, packing, a notched position plate, and a handle
– very versatile - can be used for fresh water, salt water, JP-5, lube-oil, and chill water systems
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Relief Valve
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VALVE OPERATING DEVICES
Manual
Hydraulic
Motor (electric or air operated)
Solenoid
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PUMPS
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PUMP COMPONENTS
Drive– Steam, electric, or gear
Pump Shaft Impeller or Piston Casing
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PUMP TYPES CENTRIFUGAL
– Single Stage– Multi-staged centrifugal pumps
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT– Reciprocating– Rotary Gear– Screw– Moving vane
JET PUMP– Eductor– Ejector
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POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
Fixed Volume Volumetric Flow rate is
proportional to speed of the pump A relief valve will always be on the
discharge end of the pump
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EXAMPLES
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PRESSURE HEAD(Hp = ft lbf/ lbm)
CAPACITY(V=GPM)
N1 N2
ActualIdeal
Reciprocating PumpCharacteristic Curve
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NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
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BERNOULLI’S THEOREM
Z1 + P1/D + 1/2(V12/g) =Z2 +P2/D +
1/2(V22/g) + gc/g(wk) + HL
Where: Z : Elevation (ft) P : Pressure (lbs/ft2) D : Density (lb/ft3) V : Velocity (ft/sec) g : acceleration (32.2 ft/sec2)
wk: work (ft-lbs) HL: Head Loss = f(L/D)(V2/2Zg) where f : friction factor L: Length D: Diameter
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BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE
Basically: as the velocity (speed) of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases, and visa versa
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PUMPS
Net Positive Suction Head: that pressure required at the suction of a pump to prevent cavitation.– cavitation: the formation of bubbles due to
area where P < PSAT, and the subsequent collapse of those bubbles.
• causes noise and damage due to erosion and fatigue failure.
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PressureHead
V = GPM.
HP =(ft lbf)/ lbm
V NHp N2
Pw N3
. Where V = volumetric flow rate N = Speed of rotation Hp= Pump Head (discharge pressure Pw= Power required (prime mover)
N2 = 2N1
Characteristic curve for centrifugal pump
N1
N2
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PUMPS
– Centrifugal:• Parallel pumps:
1 pump
2 pumpsHP
VGPM
V2 = 2V1
HP2 = HP1
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PUMPS
• Series (called staging):
HP
VGPM
1 pump
2 pumps
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Fans
Same Principle as Non-positive displacement pumps
Types:– Centrifugal: majority used for compressors– Axial (like propeller): cooling fans
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QUESTIONS