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ABOUT EPCThe EPC contractor is made up of Engineering (design) consisting of various disciplines, Procurementand Construction. Thats the name EPC stands for. Process discipline, the background of which ischemical, is usually the leader of other disciplines. Piping and equipment disciplines are mechanicalbased. Instrument and electrical are from electronics and electrical. Civil is supporting role to piping andequipment.

Among them, the process outlines a plant and input data to other disciplines (piping, equipment,instrument and electrical), such as design basis, process flow diagram (PFD), process datasheet,equipment list, piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID), and utility flow diagram (UFD). Piping, whichdesigns pressurized pipes carrying steam or other media and is usually space dominant with kinds ofequipment, will coordinate all the requirements and put them into the 3D programme called PDS (PlantDevelopment System). The 3D piping isometric drawing modeling gives pipe routes and indicates thepossible routing space for instrument and electrical. It's usually a heavy work load discipline. The plot planis the master plan produced by piping.

MATRIX ORGANISATION

Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project 4 Project N

Engineering ------------------------------------------------------->

Process |

Piping |

Civil |

Equipment |

Instrument |

Electrical |

Procurement |

Construction v

The EPC organization operates by matrix system. The above chart shows that the projects (horizontal)and functional departments (vertical) are running parallelled. Practically, one project team may handle afew projects under the same client. Engineering disciplines serve all projects, providing projects withdrawings, specifications, bill of material / quantities, technical bid evaluations, etc., and attending to siteproblems. They are EPCs main work force and also the main source of revenue. Therefore, it is vital toset budget and control man-hours spent. Procurement is to get equipment and bulk material supplier,negotiating cost and shipment. Construction deals with sub-contractors, site management, field progressmonitoring (using Last Planner Concept), safety and QC. The project functions as the center point to drivethe project, control the cost, coordinate the engineering disciplines, procurement and construction. A PMwith a few young engineers plus one secretary, who supports documentation and dossier, form a projectteam (called PMT), which may specialize in one of the fields of work, eg., refinery, petrochemical,chemical, or pharmaceutical. It is the contact point to the client.

The main advantage of EPC is to overlap the design, procurement and construction stages and thereforereduce total project duration. It also caters to the clients on-going changes during the project life cycle.EPC system is designed for plant construction. Plant design is its strength. EPC integrates the disciplinesspecialities. Comparing to the building and civil lines, though there are M&E works involved, civil,nevertheless, is taking the lead and the project is the center. All resources are under the project andrevenue is also generated from the project. On the downside of EPS, information in an EPC companymay be fragmented among disciplines and departments. The project is not able to go to detail on all the

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disciplines. It relies heavily on disciplines and other departments to support its operation. Therefore,

communication among the project, disciplines and departments are very important.

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WORK FLOWThe following chart illustrates the overall work flow of an oil and gas EPC company.

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FEED STAGERefer to the first item of the chart above. Front End Engineering Design (FEED) study, that is, basicengineering design, is one of the EPC features. The contents can be illustrated as the following chart.

COMPANY-WISED PROJECT MANAGEMENTAn ISO certified operation manual and company wised WBS have been established. The WBS isfunctional based and comprehensive. It covers project management, basic engineering, detailedengineering, commissioning and operation. The three layered WBS gives details of procurement and all

disciplines professional services. The standard has laid a good foundation for o ther aspects of work,such as drawing numbering, man-hour recording and programme breakdown items.

Since EPC operation is inter-disciplines, Primavera Project Management Enterprise version (P3e) seemsmore suitable to the company wised project management (P3 instead, is project based, reflects thebuilding and civil contracting work operation). In reality, application of P3e or P6 is far from satisfactory. Inmost cases, it is contract-driven and requirements of the client. To implement company wised projectmanagement, some refinement of work flow and information re-organisation and integration will beinvolved. This is not just using the software and only a few people or just the planner can deal with.

PROGRESS MEASUREMENTEngineering: by man-hour spent, volume of document deliverablesProcurement: by monetary value of equipment and bulk material (example, pipes).

PO (30%) and delivery (70%).Construction: by quantity. For example, piping by diameter-inch (dia-in). Steel structure installation byton.

SECURITY AND SAFETYSecurity to the Jurong Island is high. You need to get sponsor (client) approval, take safety course andthen get an entry pass to Jurong Island. It is like crossing the causeway to Malaysia. Armed forces guardthe entrance and patrol the island. To enter the plant, you have to take anther safety course and get a

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plant pass. On top of the helmet and safety boot which are standard personal protection equipment (PPE)on a construction site, you need to put on luminous uniform, goggles and harness if climbing to scaffold.

LOGISTICSince all petro-chemical plants are on Jurong Island and the Juring East is the gateway to the town, itsno surprising that almost all oil related companies offices are located in the International Business Park

(IBP), just five minutes drive away from the Jurong East MRT. There is feeder bus service plying betweenthe Jurong East MRT and IBP.

MAJOR EPC PLAYERS

CH2M Hill (USA).http://www.ch2m.com

Foster Wheeler (USA).http://www.fwc.com

Jacobs (USA).http://www.jacobs.com

JGC (Japan).http://www.jgc.co.jp/en/index.html

McConnell Dowell (Australia).http://www.mcconnelldowell.com

Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding (Japan).http://www.mes.co.jp/english/index.html

m+w zander (Germany).http://www.mw-zander.com Rotary Engineering Limited (Singapore).http://www.rotaryeng.com.sg

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