about 99% of the atmosphere is composed of nitrogen and oxygen. the remaining one percent consisting...
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• About 99% of the atmosphere is composed of nitrogen and oxygen.
• The remaining one percent consisting of small amounts of argon, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases.
Atmosphere Basics• Air is a combination of many gases, each with
its own unique characteristics.
Atmospheric Basics
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Atmosphere
The surrounding air of the Earth
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Atmospheric Basics
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Composition of Air
• There are many different types of gasses in the atmosphere
• They include nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide and other noble gasses
• The gas that is most abundant is nitrogen
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• Each layer differs in composition and temperature.
Structure of the Atmosphere• The atmosphere is made up of several
different layers.
Atmospheric Basics
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Layers of the atmosphere
• There are 4 layers in the atmosphere
• They are the troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and stratosphere
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Troposphere
• This is the layer that is closest to the surface of the earth
• It’s elevation ranges from 0 to 10 km
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Atmospheric CompositionLower Atmospheric Layers
Atmospheric Basics
– The troposphere, the layer closest to Earth’s surface, contains most of the mass of the atmosphere, including water vapor.
– Most weather takes place in and most air pollution collects in the troposphere.
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Stratosphere
• This layer sits on top of the troposphere
• It’s elevation ranges from 10 km to around 25 km
• This layer contains the ozone layer, which protects us from harmful sunlight
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Atmospheric CompositionLower Atmospheric Layers
Atmospheric Basics
– The stratosphere, is where most ozone is located.
– Its referred to as stratospheric ozone.
– Planes like to fly here because there is less moisture so less clouds so less weather to jostle the planes.
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Mesosphere
• This layer is above the stratosphere
• It’s elevation ranges from 25 to 100 km
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Thermosphere
• This is the highest layer of the atmosphere
• It’s height ranges from 100 to 400 km
• This is where most small meteorites burn up and is also the location in the atmosphere that the northern lights occur (aurora borealis)
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Atmospheric CompositionUpper Atmospheric Layers
Atmospheric Basics
– The mesosphere is the coldest layer of the atmosphere. It has very strong winds. This is where you would see meteors shooting through.
– The thermosphere is the farthest layer from the surface and it contains a very small part of the atmosphere’s mass.
– This is the hottest layer because it is closer to the sun and it absorbs the heat from it.
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Atmospheric CompositionAtmospheric Basics
– The thermosphere is divided into two parts.
– The ionosphere is important for radio communications because it bounces waves back to earth. This is also where the aurora bolealis occurs.
– The exosphere, which is composed of light gases such as helium and hydrogen, so satellites can travel here very easily
– Molecules are actually traveling so fast that some are able to escape from earth’s gravity.
– There is no clear boundary between the atmosphere and space.
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Atmospheric Basics
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