Water on EarthAbout 70% of the earth’s surface

is covered with water.

97% of the water on the earth is salt water.

2 % of the water on earth is glacier ice at the North and South poles. This is fresh water; but is not useable.

Less than 1% of all water on earth is usable fresh water that we can actually use.

Water FactsWithout water , the earth would look like the moon….All living things need water to live. Next to the air we breathe, water is our most important need.

Humans: 70% water* 83% of our blood* 70 % of our brain* transports wastes* lubricates joints* keeps our temp. stable* important in all of our cells

Facts:Human beings can live several weeks without food, but only a few days without water. We must drink six to eight glasses of water each day. We also get water from the foods that we eat.

80% water

Properties of Water

The Water Molecule … what you need to know.

• 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

Hydrogen – colorless, odorless, tasteless gas; but highly explosive

Oxygen – colorless, odorless, tasteless gas; butcombustible

Properties:Chemical Reaction between Hydrogen and Oxygen to form: H2O… Water

This is a very explosive reaction… To form a colorless, odorless, tasteless LIQUID

…That we need for LIFE!!

Properties:

Water comes in three states… Solid…Liquid… and Gas…

Solid: 0 degrees Celcius; particles more spread apart when freezing; less dense than liquid water (ice floats).This is important

in the winter so that ice doesn’t sink. The lakes would completely freeze; from the bottom up.

Properties:Liquids: Most familiar with liquid water. 1 degree – 99 degrees Celcius; liquid water molecules are free to move; they stay fairly close together, however; move as a unit (stick together).

Gas: Water vapor (water in the gas state); molecules are moving the fastest; over 100 degrees Celcius; always present in the air around us; creates precipitation.

Properties:Water is a polar molecule: (Bent molecule) Has a slight negative end (-)– oxygen end; and a slight positive end (+) – hydrogen end.

Hydrogen Bonding: (the stickiness of water)When the + end of one water molecule is attracted to the – end of another water molecule.

Properties:Examples of hydrogen bonding: Meniscus -

Water beading up – car windows or other surfaces…

Properties:Capillary effect: hydrogen bonding in water

Properties:Polarity of a water molecule …. The reason why water is the UNIVERSAL SOLVENT…. It can dissolve almost anything.

Properties:

BRAINPOP video: Water

Water Treatment: Why important? We have to rely on the available fresh water supply (less than 1%) and the water cycle to renew that water for us.

BRAINPOP video: Water Supply

Water Treatment Process

BRAINPOP video:

Water Pollution

H2O

You’re there when I need you and I need you everyday.I bathe in your beauty and you wash my cares away.When I take you to my lips it’s then I really know,I could never live without you H2O.

H2O I could never live without you.I want to know everything about you.You’re so cool and clear and wet,You’re in my tears and in my sweat.You’re in my blood and so I love you H2O.

There are so many names I call you aside from H2O.When you’re in the solid state I call you ice or snow.I like to call you water when you are liquid in a cup.You boil and turn to steam when I heat you up.

The H in you is Hydrogen a gas that can explode.It made the Hindenburg go POP, at least that’s what I’m told.The O in you is oxygen, a gas that we all know.Chemically combined it’s you… H2O.

H2O I could never live without you.I want to know everything about you.You’re so cool and clear and wet,You’re in my tears and in my sweat.You’re in my blood and so I love you H2O.

You boil at 100, that’s Celsius degrees.With the temperature at zero, you soon begin to freeze.These values are peculiar, really much too high.But the hydrogen bonding in you helps explain why.

You’re denser as a liquid than in the solid state.So ice floats on water, and this is really great.Imagine how a lake would freeze if this wasn’t true.What would all the little frozen fishies do?

H2O I could never live without you.I want to know everything about you.You’re so cool and clear and wet,You’re in my tears and in my sweat.You’re in my blood and so I love you H2O.

Tap Water Tour Notes: What is in tap water? Why is it in there?

Chorine: • Chlorine is added to drinking water to kill

___bacteria____ and control algae.• Chlorine is a ___ disinfectant___.• Swimming pools have ___2 ____ times as much

chlorine as drinking water.• Bleach has 15,00 time more than drinking

water.• Too much chlorine can: irritate skin, burn

eyes, make water taste funny, kill plants and animals.

Iron:

• Iron is found naturally in the water from underground iron sources.

• Too much iron can ____stain clothes_____.

• Iron reacts with oxygen to cause rust. (iron pipes can be another source of iron)

• The symbol for iron is ___Fe____.

Copper:

• Acid water dissolves copper from pipes.• Creates blue-green stains and scale on pipes.• Tastes bitter; tastes like metal.• Tap Water Tour Test:

* Orange = ___none___* Reddish brown = ___trace

amount___* Blue = ___positive__ test for copper.

Hardness:

• Hard water contains calcium and magnesium (minerals).

• Causes ___spots___ on glasses.• Causes ___scale___ on showerheads and faucets.• Minerals in hard water mix with soap and dirt

to cause ___bathtub___ rings.• Tap Water Test:

* Blue = __soft__* Pink = __hard__

Ph Scale:

• Distilled water has been purified so that there are no minerals in it. pH = 7. (PURE Water = H2O

• Salt water contains salt and many other minerals like calcium, iron, potassium, and copper.

• Acid rain may contain: carbonic acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.

• Acid rain can come from chemical pollution from factories, power plants or even natural occurrences like lightning, volcanoes, forest fires and even breathing puts CO2 in the air.

pH scale:• Water with a low or high pH can damage pipes.• City water is adjusted to a pH of about 7.• A pH or 5 or less will react with metal pipes,

eat holes in pipes, damage faucets and cause leaks. Corrosive means to eat away or decay.

• Water with a pH above 8 usually has many minerals like calcium and magnesium, which can clog pipes, leave bathtub rings and make clothes look dingy. A crusty scale can build up on sinks and fixtures. Limestone is a basic rock (above 7 pH).

Tablet Code for pH:

Red – 4Orange – 5Yellow – 6Apple Green – 7Blue-green – 8Blue – 9Purple – 10