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Chapter 17 Aboriginal and Indigenous Peoples, Colonisation and Contact History->Section

17.1 What ere the reasons !or the colonisation o! "orth A#erica and hat e!!ects did this

ha$e%->Colonisation and contact history

section

17.1What were the reasons for

the colonisation of North America

and what effects did this have?

In this section you ill be introduced to the study o! contact and colonisation history. &ou ill

e'plore so#e (ey ter#s and learn about the e'periences o! nati$e peoples and settlers

during the colonisation o! "orth A#erica by )uropeans !ro# the 1*th century through the

1+th century. We ill also loo( closely at i#portant aspects o! "ati$e A#erican cultures !ro#

the early 17th century to the Plains Wars o! the #id-1+th century.

Colonisation and contact history

World history !ro# 17* to 1+1 as do#inated by the e'pansion o! )uropean e#pires.

)uropean poers such as ritain, /rance, Spain and Portugal established ne settle#ents,

or co##unities, in the A#ericas, A!rica, Asia and the Paci!ic region. In sending their settlers

to these territories outside )urope, the intention o! )uropean poers as to colonisene

lands. In other ords, they #eant to ta(e control o! the land and its inhabitants, i#posing

their culture, econo#y and syste# o! go$ern#ent. )'tending poer by colonising is (non

as imperialism.

0o the Indigenous peoples ho had inhabited these areas !or tens o! thousands o! years,

)uropean settle#ents represented an invasion. /ro# their point o! $ie, the neco#ersoccupationo! traditional lands as done ithout their agree#ent. When con!licts erupted,

settlers had the ad$antage because their eapons ere !ar #ore ad$anced than those o!

Indigenous peoples. Also, settlers ere o!ten acco#panied by ar#ed soldiers or a ships

cre. A (ey to understanding colonisation and contact history is to e'a#ine e$ents !ro# both

sides o! the story. In recent decades, !or e'a#ple, historians ha$e re!erred to the arri$al o!

the ritish in Australia as both in$asion and settle#ent.

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Document Title: Sectors targeting consumers

Source 17.6 Colonial empires in 1815

Apply 17.11Write de!initions !or the ords 2in$asion, 2occupation, 2colonisation and 2settle#ent in your

on ords. Co#pare your de!initions ith those o! a partner and discuss any di!!erences.

2With re!erence to Source 17.3, list the continents here ritain, /rance and Spain had

colonies.

)uropean i#perialis# had its origins in the Industrial 4e$olution, hich began in ritain

around 17*. 0his as a ti#e hen ne ays o! #anu!acturing, using !actories and

#achinery, ere being de$eloped. )uropes colonies pro$ided a source o! ra #aterials 5

such as cotton, ool and ti#ber 5 that ere needed to supply the ne industries. 0he

colonies the#sel$es pro$ided ne #ar(ets !or goods that ere no being produced in great

6uantities. 0his created great ealth !or )uropes #erchants and industrialists.

0he race to seie and settle ne territories as also about co#peting !or global poer and

in!luence. )uropeans !elt 8usti!ied in i#posing their culture and $alues on Indigenous

peoples, as they belie$ed their custo#s ere #ore e$ol$ed and ci$ilised than those o!

Indigenous peoples. 0hey had a right to 2ci$ilise nati$e peoples and #a(e the# beha$e and

thin( li(e )uropeans, and ha$e Christian belie!s.

Apply 17.21Source 17.7 is an early #ap o! Australia, then called "e Holland. It dates !ro# be!ore

Coo(s !irst $oyage to the Paci!ic, !ro# 173 to 1771. /ind a #ap o! Australia that as

created a!ter this $oyage, and co#pare the #aps. Suggest ho Coo(s #ap helped ritain

to colonise Australia.

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29iscuss hether it is !air to clai# onership o! land based on the !irst #apping, or the !irst

raising o! a !lag.

Colonisation patterns ofsupplanting societies

0he Australian historian 9a$id 9ay has described the )uropean colonies o! this period as

supplanting societies. 0his #eans that )uropeans too( o$er the lands o! other societies

and supplanted, or replaced, the groups that had pre$iously li$ed there. 9ay says that

)uropeans created a ne $ersion o! the history o! the lands they colonised by telling their

on stories and legends about e'plorers and pioneers. /or e'a#ple, in "orth A#erica, the

Wild West and the !igure o! the coboy are no (ey aspects o! :S history and !ol(lore.

Si#ilarly, Australia has stories about the outbac(, dro$ers and the e'plorers.

0here ere also co##on ays in hich )uropeans established their clai#s to ne lands;

using maps drawn ! "uropean explorers to claim t#e land on t#e asis

t#at t#e! were t#e $rst to disco%er it

raising a &ag or putting up some 'ind of mar'er

naming places wit# lin's to t#eir own countr!( often using t#e word )new*.

+or example( ,ew -out# ales was named ! /ames Coo' ecause t#e

coastline reminded #im of ales in ritain. T#e cit! of ,ew or' was $rstcalled ,ew msterdam ! t#e Dutc# until t#e ritis# too' control and

named it after or' in "ngland.



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Source 17.7 +renc# map of ustralia( t#en 'nown as ,ew 3olland 4Nouvelle

Hollandein +renc#( from efore 1660



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Source 17.8 n artist*s impression of t#e moment w#en 7o%ernor rt#ur P#illipraised t#e ritis# &ag to claim all of t#e east coast of ustralia

Review 17.21)'plain hy )uropean poers co#peted to establish colonies around the orld.

2What as one )uropean 8usti!ication !or ta(ing control o! land already occupied by

Indigenous peoples%

3Ho did )uropeans clai# onership o! lands%

What does 9a$id 9ay #ean by the ter# 2supplanting society%

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