abnormal+emergency procedures

5/23/2018 Abnormal+Emergency Procedures

1/71

LECTURE TOPICAbnormal and Emergency ECAM Procedures


2/71


Overview

Levels of Warnings and

Cautions

Pilot Responsibilities

ECAM Execution

Abnormal and/or Emergency Occurs!


3/71


Abnormalor

Emergency

Identified by

ECAM

200+ ECAMs Engine Fires/Failures

Electrical Faults Hydraulic Faults

Gear Abnormals

Flight Control Faults, etc...

Levels of Warnings

and Cautions

System abnormalitiesidentified by the ECAM

are prioritized and

categorized based on

severity.

The ECAM categorizessystem abnormalities into

three different levels. In

priority order, the levels

include:

Level 3Warnings

Level 2Cautions

Level 1Cautions



4/71


Levels of Warnings

and Cautions

Level 3Warnings

Flashing Red Master

Warning lights

Continuous Repetitive

Chime (CRC)

Red ECAM title and

LAND ASAP message

These warnings represent

emergency conditions and

require:

Immediate crew

awareness

Immediate crew action



5/71


Levels of Warnings

and Cautions

Level 2 Cautions

Steady Amber Master

Caution lights

Single Chime (CRC)

Amber ECAM title

These cautions represent

abnormal conditions and

require:

Immediate crew

awareness

Time and conditions

permitting, these cautions

should be considered

without delay to prevent

further system

degradation.



6/71


Levels of Warnings

and Cautions

Level 1Cautions

Amber ECAM title

Level 1 Cautions

represent failures leading

to a loss of redundancy or

system degradation.

Level 1 Cautionsdo not

generate an audio alert or

a Master Cautlight.



7/71


Emergency

Procedures Not

Identified by

ECAM

Levels of Warnings

and Cautions

Please understand, theECAM does not identify

all emergencies.

Some Emergencies NOT

identified by the ECAM

include:

Air Conditioning Smoke

Cabin Smoke/Fire

Emergency Landing

Ditching

Passenger Evacuation

Emergency procedures

NOT identified by the

ECAM are found in the

QRH and FCOM Vol-3.


Air Conditioning Smoke

Cabin Smoke/Fire Emergency Landing

Ditching

Passenger Evacuation


8/71


Levels of Warnings

and Cautions

Someabnormals NOTidentified by the ECAM

include:

Fuel leak

DU failure

Tailpipe Fire

Double Probe Heat Fault

Cracked/Delaminated

Cockpit Window

Abnormal procedures

NOT identified by theECAM are found in the

QRH and/or FCOM Vol-3.

Abnormal

Procedure Not

Identified by

ECAM


Procedures Fuel Leak

Display Unit Failure

Tailpipe Fire

Double Probe Heat Fault

Cracked/Delaminated

Cockpit Window.

.Others


9/71



Pilot abnormal and

emergencyresponsibilities are

outlined in:

The FCOM VOL-3 (3.02)

The QRH (0.00)

S P I R I TA I R L I N E S

A320 FCOM

VOL-3

S P I R I T

A I R L I N E S

A320 QRH

S P I R I TA I R L I N E S

A320 FCOM

VOL-3



10/71



FCOM VOL-3 specifies

the following procedures

are to be memorized and

applied without referring

to the QRH or FCOM

procedure:

Windshear/Windshear

ahead (FCOM VOL-3

MISC)

TCAS (QRH EMER)

EGPWS (QRH EMER)

Loss of braking (QRH

EMER)

Emergency descent (initial

steps, QRH EMER))

Unreliable speed

indication/ADR check

(immediate actions, QRH

ABN)

Crew incapacitation (FCOM

VOL-3, MISC)



11/71


Brief

Each

Other

Review STATUSPage

Refer to QRH

and/or

FCOM VOL-3

ECAM Actions


This flow diagram

generalizes and illustratesthe flight crews

responsibilities should an

emergency or abnormal

condition develop in flight.

Communicate

Navigation

Request Configuration

Changes as Appropriate

FLY THE AIRCRAFT!

Command

ECAM Actions PNF

PF

Abnormal and/or Emergency Occurs

Cancel the Warning/Caution

Flight Path Established

Above 400 ft AGL

I have the

airplane and

ATC. Perform

ECAM.

PNF

PF


12/71


Abnormal and/or Emergency OccursPilot Responsibilities

The first responsibility of

the flight crew during anabnormal/emergency is to

cancel the warning or

caution.

The first pilot to recognize

the abnormal/emergency

condition must:

Cancel the CRC or

SC, if any

The pilot that cancels the

warning/caution should

clearly and distinctly

identify the condition.

For example


Engine

Fire !


13/71


Abnormal and/or Emergency OccursPilot Responsibilities

No action is taken (except

canceling the

warning/caution)

until :

The appropriate flight

path is established

If a failure occurs during

takeoff, approachor go-around, the aircraft

is above 400 feet AGL.

A height of 400 feet is

recommended because it

gives a good compromise

between time

necessary for stabilizationand excessive delay for

procedure initiation.



Above 400 ft AGL

In some emergency cases,

provided the appropriate flight

path is established, the pilot flying

may initiate actions before this

height.


14/71


Abnormal and/or Emergency OccursPF Responsibilities

Abnormal/Emergency

procedures are initiatedon the pilot flying's

command.

To initiate

abnormal/emergency

procedures, the PF states:



Above 400 ft AGL

I have control andATC. Perform ECAM.

If a transfer of control

occurs, the pilot giving up

control must respond by

stating: You have

control. Some

conditions will require thecaptain to be the PF (i.e.,

Avionics Smoke).

Perform ECAM

FLY THE AIRCRAFT!

Command

ECAM Actions PNF

I have control

and

ATC. Perform

ECAM.

PF


15/71


Abnormal and/or Emergency OccursPF Responsibilities

Airbus recognizes that

continuing to fly theaircraft is the single most

important consideration in

almost every situation.

As the PF, guard against

becoming overly

distracted by other

abnormal/emergencysteps at the expense of

flying the aircraft.



Above 400 ft AGL

FLY THE AIRCRAFT!

Command

ECAM Actions

PF


16/71


PF Responsibilities

The PF is responsible for

aircraft navigation.

However, during

abnormal/emergencyprocedures, inputs via the

MCDU are to be minimized

and accomplished only if

workload permits.

The PF may accomplish

short term inputs via the

MCDU, such as:

Direct To

Activating the

Approach Phase

Inputs that require lengthy

typing (i.e., programming a

re-route) should be avoided.

Concentrating on MCDUinputs have caused pilots to

become distracted and

subsequently miss assigned

altitudes and headings,

ATC calls, etc.

Navigation




Above 400 ft AGL

FLY THE AIRCRAFT!

Command

ECAM Actions

PF


17/71


PF Responsibilities

Communication with ATC

is accomplished by thePF.

The PF should coordinate

a plan of action with ATC

and if applicable, declare

an emergency.

ATC must be immediately

notified if:

Pilot uses

emergency authority

A Deviation from

ATC assigned route

or clearance occurs

Priority handling is

required

Navigation




Above 400 ft AGL

Communicate

FLY THE AIRCRAFT!

Command

ECAM Actions

PF


18/71


PF Responsibilities

The PF continues to

request configurationchanges.

It is not acceptable for the

PF to make a

configuration change

because the PNF is busy.

The PNF, upon request

from the PF will stop and

make the configuration

change if it is safe to do

(i.e., after checking

airspeed).

Navigation




Above 400 ft AGL

Communicate



FLY THE AIRCRAFT!

Command

ECAM Actions

PF


19/71


PNF Responsibilities

The PNF is responsible

for the completion of theECAM

abnormal/emergency

procedure.

Upon the PFs Perform

ECAM statement, the

PNF initiates the ECAM

procedure.




Above 400 ft AGL

Perform

ECAM

Communicate

Navigation



FLY THE AIRCRAFT!

Command

ECAM Actions PNF

PF


20/71



The A320 Series aircraft

is certified with an ECAM.Therefore, the ECAM

must always be performed

initially from start to finish.

The PNF uses the READ

and DO oral reading

principle when performing

the abnormal/emergencyprocedures.

The crew should always

keep in mind the

advantages and

disadvantages of the

ECAM

checklist/procedure

PerformECAM

PNF


21/71


ECAM Advantages

Constantly monitorsmost aircraft systems.

Displays essential steps

to be accomplished,stabilizing the situation

prior to landing.

Prioritizes abnormalsand emergencies.

ECTURE TOPIC


22/71


ECAM Disadvantages

ECAM software is notcustomized for

individual operators.ECAM does not have

the same reasoningabilities as pilots do

(Cargo Smoke)

ECAM cant recognizeall abnormals and

emergencies.

LECTURE TOPIC


23/71



Executing the ECAM

actions, when directed bythe PF, should be

accomplished in a

deliberate and unhurried

manner.

The PNF obtains

confirmation from the PF

whenever an action couldsignificantly affect aircraft

performance such as:

ENG Master switch

Thrust Lever

Fire pb

Other guarded

switches

AND

before using the CLR pb

ECAM Actions

PNF

LECTURE TOPIC C


24/71


LAND ASAP


In the execution of ECAM

actions, the goal is to getto a lights out condition.

That is, the ECAM must

be returned to a normal

condition.

To achieve lights out, the

PNF:

Completes the blue

ECAM action items

Uses the CLR pb

ECAM Actions

PNF

LECTURE TOPIC Ab l d E ECAM P d


25/71


- ATC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOTIFY

- MAX SPEED 320 KTS

- MANEUVER WITH CARE

Examples of unmonitoredECAM action items:


ECAM action items:

Display in blue

Automatically clear after

completion if monitored by

the FWCs. Most action

items are monitored by

the FWCs.

Some action items are

NOT monitored and

remain displayed after

completion.

ECAM Actions

PNF



26/71


EMER REALLY BAD FAILURE 2

- ACTION ITEM 1 . . . . . . . . . JUST DO IT

- ACTION ITEM 2 . . PUSH SOMETHING

ABNORM NOT SO BAD FAULT 1

- ACTION ITEM 1. . . PUSH SOMETHING

ABNORM LESS BAD FAULT 2

-MANEUVER WITH CARE

ABNORM MINOR FAILURE




-MANEUVER WITH CARE



The proper use of the CLR

pb is as follows:

Only after all displayed

blue action items for the

highest underlined

procedure are completed

AND

Only after confirmation

from the PF

In the following example,the blue action items under

REALLY BAD FAILURE 2

have not been completed.

Therefore, the use of the

CLR pb is improper at this

time.

The CLR pb cleared all blue

action items associated withthe underlined title (REALLY

BAD FAULT 2).

The CLR pb does not clear

an ECAM procedure line-

by-line.

ECAM Actions

PNF



27/71





-MANEUVER WITH CARE



-MANEUVER WITH CARE



If the blue action item

under NOT SO BADFAULT 1 is not

accomplished, the use of

the CLR pb is still

improper.

As a general rule, the

CLR pb clears all items

associated with thehighest underlined

procedure.

ECAM Actions

PNF



28/71



-MANEUVER WITH CARE




Here is an example of the

proper use of the CLR pb.

MANEUVER WITH CARE

is an unmonitored ECAM

action item. All blue

action items for the

underlined procedure are

accomplished and

therefore, the use of theCLR pb is now proper.

Also, the proper use of the

CLR pb calls for the

confirmation of the PF.

Clear

ABNORM

Clear

ABNORM2?

ECAM Actions

PNF



29/71




Another example of the

proper use of the CLR pb.

No blue action

items remain for the

underlined

procedure

Clear

ABNORM

Clear

ABNORM?

ECAM Actions

PNF

LECTURE TOPIC Abnormal and Emergency ECAM Procedures


30/71


ENG BAD FAILURE * ELEC

* HYD

Primary Failure

System with Secondary Failure(s)

STS

Additional Indications

A failure/fault that causes

the loss or degradation of

other system components is

called a Primary failure.

A Primary failure, indicated

by a box, generates

Secondary failure(s). A

Secondary Failure is a loss

or degradation of a system

component as a result of a

Primary Failure.

Systems with Secondary

Failures are listed on the

right side preceded by an

asterisk.

If a Primary failure occurs,

the PNF needs to continue

using the CLR pb to cycle

through the SecondaryFailure(s).

Soas the PNF continues

to use the CLR pb, the

listed system pages will be

displayed on the SD.



31/71


Additional Indications

A system without an

asterisk, listed on the rightside, is an overflow failure

message.

A green overflow symbol

indicates one of the

following:

Overflow failure

message(s)

Overflow blue

action items

By executing the ECAM

(completing blue action

items and/or using the

CLR pb) the overflowfailure(s) eventually

display when enough

space becomes available.

Overflow Failures



32/71



If any indications appear

on the right side, the PNFwill need to continue

executing the ECAM.

Remember the goal:

lights out. Notice the

lights on the ECAM

Control panel during each

clear.

The Secondary Failure

depictions (with asterisks)

indicate the corresponding

system page that will be

displayed following the

use of the CLR pb.

Note the system page

displayed after using the

CLR pb.

Clear bad

failure

Clear bad

failure?



33/71



System pages that are

displayed provide a

reminder to the pilot of

how the system is

affected by the abnormal.

The PNF does not need to

spend a great deal of time

analyzing the entiresystem.

Time for the CLR pb

again.

Clear electric Clear electric?



34/71



Clearing the last system

page, automatically callsup the STATUS page.

The STATUS page is

always the last page

displayed during an

ECAM procedure.

Are we lights out?

NO!!!

Clear

hydraulic

Clear

hydraulic?



35/71


Review STATUS

Page

ECAM Actions

PNFPNF ResponsibilitiesBefore using the CLR pb

again, the PNF should

review the STATUS page.

The STATUS page

provides a review of the

inoperative systems,

approach procedures, and

notes.



36/71


Clear status Clear status?PNF Responsibilities

After reviewing the

STATUS page, the PNFuses the CLR pb to clear

the STATUS page and

return the ECAM to a

lights out condition.



37/71


STS

Review STATUS

Page

ECAM Actions

PNFPNF ResponsibilitiesThe ECAM procedure is

complete when:

No ECAMmessages are

displayed on the

E/WD

No pb lights on the

ECAM control panel

Also, the SD returns to

the page appropriate tothe current phase of flight

(e.g., CRUISE page).

Lights out

ECAM actions

completed



38/71



The STS symbol provides

a reminder that theSTATUS page contains

unusual items caused by

system abnormals.



39/71



After the ECAM is

complete (lights out), thePNF should refer to the

QRH and/or FCOM VOL-

3.

Review STATUS

Page

Refer to QRH

and/or

FCOM VOL-3

ECAM Actions

Communicate

Navigation



FLY THE AIRCRAFT!

Command

ECAM Actions PNF


Cancel & Identify


Above 400 ft AGLPF



40/71



QRH or FCOM?

The QRH contains somespecific procedures which

are NOT identified by the

ECAM.

As a general rule, the

procedures displayed on

the ECAM are not

provided in the QRH

Review STATUS

Page

Refer to QRH

and/or

FCOM VOL-3

ECAM Actions

PNF

The QRH is

REQUIRED to be

carried by the pilot

in paper form.

FCOM VOL-3 isonly available

using the LPC

system.



41/71



However, in the case of

an electrical emergency

configuration or a dual

hydraulic failure, which

generates an ECAM

procedure/checklist, the

PNF should refer to the

corresponding QRH

SUMMARY.

Note: the QRH also

contains landing distance

multipliers and approach

speed adjustments under

ABNORMAL

PROCEDURES

MISCELLANEOUS.



42/71


Emergency or

AbnormalNot

Identified by

ECAM


The PNF should refer to

the QRH if :an abnormal or

emergency arises

without ECAM

procedure

A landing distance

multiplier is required

A dual hydraulic or

emergency

electrical

configuration (QRH

Summaries)

condition arises

Dual Hydraulic

and Emergency

Electrical

Configuration

Landing Distance

Multipliers



43/71

g y

Emergencyor

Abnormal

Identified byECAM


For all other ECAM

procedures/checklists, thePNF should refer to the

FCOM VOL-3 for

additional information

after completing the

ECAM!

The FCOM VOL-3

contains additional noteson ECAM procedures and

is a good source of

abnormal information.



44/71

g yBrief PF

Forgot the name of the

ECAM procedure?

ELEC TR 1 FAULT

The Recall (RCL) pb

The RCL pb allows the

pilot to re-display ECAMfailure messages. Any

blue action items that

were not completed also

reappear.



45/71

g yBrief PF


After completing ECAM

actions and reviewing theQRH and/or FCOM VOL-

3, both pilots should brief

each other.

Brief

Each

Other

Review STATUS

Page

Refer to QRH

and/or

FCOM VOL-3

ECAM Actions

Communicate

Navigation



FLY THE AIRCRAFT!

Command

ECAM Actions PNF

PF


Cancel & Identify


Above 400 ft AGL

PNF

PF

LECTURE TOPICAbnormal and Emergency ECAM ProceduresB i f PF


46/71

g yBrief PF


After completing ECAM

actions and reviewing theQRH and/or FCOM VOL-

3, both pilots should brief

each other.

Brief

Each

OtherPF PNF

Ive declared an

emergency. Were beingvectored for an ILS.

ECAM actions and

QRH/FCOM

completed

LECTURE TOPICAbnormal and Emergency ECAM ProceduresB i f PF


47/71

g yBrief PF


In addition, other people

should be advised of thesituation including:

Dispatch

Flight Attendants

Passengers

Brief

Each

OtherPF PNF



48/71

g y

Additional ECAM Topic

The guarded Emergency

Cancel (EMER CANC) pbis used for canceling

nuisance messages, (i.e.,

preventing them from

reappearing) It is not for

canceling legitimate

ECAM messages! USE

IT WITH CARE!!!

NUISANCE MESSAGE

- TURN THIS THING! . . . . . . . . . OFF



49/71

EMER CANC

EMER CANC pb allows

the pilot to cancel the

warning lights and aural

warnings as long as the

condition is present.

The EMER CANC pb

DOES NOT cancel the

ECAM warning message.

V

DvD

SMOKE AFT CARGO SMOKE

- AFT ISOL VALVE . . . . . . . . . . . .OFF

- CARGO SMOKE DISCH . . . . . .SH



50/71

EMER CANC

EMER CANC pb allows

the pilot to cancel anycurrentCAUTIONlisted

on the top line of the

ECAM, preventing it from

reappearing for the rest of

the flight.

The ECAM message,master caution, and

single chime are all

canceled.

Examples of appropriate use of the

EMER CANC pb would be:

A CAUTION message generated as a result of

a deferred discrepancyper the MEL/CDL

Intermittent and random nuisance CAUTION

messages that have been dealt with previously



51/71

NOTE: A canceled caution message may be

recalled by pressing the RCL pb for a shorttime.

EMER CANC

When aCAUTIONis

canceled, the STATUS

page is automatically

displayed. The message

CANCELED CAUTION

and the title of the failure

that has been inhibited

appear.



52/71

Continue with the trip?

ASAP?

Additional Considerations

Deactivate the CVR?

NASA Form?



53/71

Some Common Mistakes

PF becoming PNF.

PNF becoming PF.

Going straight to the FCOM or QRH(bypassing the ECAM).

Failing to achieve lights out

Executing the wrong FCOM or QRHprocedure (read the warning/caution title

carefully)



54/71

Example of an In-Flight

Emergency Procedure



55/71

ENG 1 FIRE

ENGINE FIRE



56/71

I have control

and ATC.ECAM actions



57/71

Confirm Thrust

Lever 1?

Confirm



58/71

ENG 1 SHUTDOWN

ENG 1 FIRE

Confirm ENG

MASTER 1?

Confirm



59/71

ENG 1 FIRE

ENG 1 SHUTDOWNENG 1 SHUTDOWN

ENG 1 FIRE

ENG 1 SHUTDOWN

ENG 1 FIRE

Confirm Fire pb

1?

Confirm



60/71

ENG 1 SHUTDOWN

ENG 1 FIRE



61/71

LAND ASAP



62/71

LAND ASAP



63/71

LAND ASAP

Clear ENG 1

shutdown?

Clear ENG 1

shutdown

LAND ASAP



64/71

LAND ASAPLAND ASAPClear

hydraulic?

Clear

hydraulic



65/71

LAND ASAPLAND ASAPClear electric?Clear electric.



66/71

LAND ASAPLAND ASAPClear bleed?Clear bleed



67/71

LAND ASAPLAND ASAPLAND ASAP

STS

Clear status?Clear status



68/71

LAND ASAP

STS

LAND ASAPECAM actions

completed.



69/71LECTURE TOPICAbnormal and Emergency ECAM Procedures


70/71

Questions



71/71

You have the

airplane and

ATC.

abnormal+emergency procedures

Documents

lecture topicabnormal

cautionsamber ecam titlelevel

theqrh andor fcom vol

emergencies notidentified

immediate crewawarenesstime

identifyall emergencies

cautionsdo notgenerate

consideredwithout delay