abm deparmental guidelines: web viewabm abbot bad division abm azad jammu kashmir. abm multan ......

ABM DEPARMENTAL GUIDELINES:

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“ALL BALTISTAN MOVEMENT”

“ABM” DEPARTMENTAL GUIDELINES www.allbaltistanmovement.org


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Chief Editor:

Engr.Wazir Kamran Shabbir

(Presdent Karachi Division)

ALL BALTISTAN MOVEMENT…(Khi. Div)

ALL BALTISTAN MOVEMENT…(Our Mission is to bring Revolution…ABM!)


Engr.Shareef Akhonzada

(Chairman ABM)

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"To embark on a journey of success one needs the tools of preparedness, foresight, devotion, sincerity and strategy. These lead to the path of growth and high quality operation. It is imperative to combine these forces in an organization,for the achievement of the goals of organization.By grace of Allah almighty ABM with in the shorttime emerges as a symbol of excellence. ABM striving its best to provide our new generation proper guidance,help and all type of support in feild of education asgreatest wealth and strength of any nation is its youth. The future of a nation lies in the hands of its posterity. The quality of its youth determines the kind of future, the nation will have.They are the powerhouse and storehouse of infinite energy. that why for well developed and stronger baltistan we are grooming our youth in proper way.the main problem of baltistani students are the unawareness about the modern educational fields and lack of proper guidance during field selection.the basic purpose of this project is to give know how about the fields & scopes to the students , so that they can easily choose fields upon their own interest and after knowing it.I highly appreciate the hard working of ABM khi. this project is great achievement of president wazir kamran and his cabinet. it will really help the student and also motivate other divisions. ABM is the only organization and hope of baltistan i appeal all the devoted baltistani to get unite on this platform and be apart of our revolution. our mission is to bring revolution for stronger baltistan.mind it that,

Revolution is not something fixed in ideology, nor is it something fashioned to a particular decade. It is a perpetual process embedded in the human spirit.


MEMBERS OF ABM CENTRAL EXECUITIIVE

Engr.Syed Qamar ul Hasan Engr.Asif Mehdi Shigri

Liaqat Hussain Talash Syed Gulzar Hussain

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ABM CENTRAL CABNET MEMBERS

Engr.Muhammad Saleem Khan

(Presdent Central Cabnet)

Muhammad Shafa Engr.Rizwan Ahmed Khan Moshin Hassan Khan

(G.S Central Cabnet) (Web Manager/Media) (Education Secetory)

Syed Arif Hussain Shareef Jafrri

Basharat Hussain Saqib

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(Project Director) (Social Secetory) (Finance Secetory)

DIVISIONAL PRESDENT OF ABM

Captn.Kamran Shigri Muhammad Hussain Sajjad Hussain

(Presdent Rwp/Isb Div) (Presdent Jamshoro Div) (Presdent Lahore Div)

Wazir Munawar Hussain Engr.Safder Hussain Engr.Syed Tehseen Ali

(Presdent Sargodha Div) (Presdent Peshawer Div) (Presdent Baluchistan Div)

Dr.Mohsin Raza Muhammad Yaqoob Iftikhar Hussain

(Presdent Multan Div) (Presdent AJK Div) (Presdent Abbotabad Div)

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ABM KARACHI DIVISION

Engr.Nadeem Hussain Engr.Wazir Kamran Shabbir

(Chief Supervisor Khi Div) (Presdent Karachi Div)

Engr.Mumtaz Anjum (Senior Vice Presdent Khi Div)Arif Mesmi (Vice Presdent)Engr.Afzal Shigri (G.S Karachi Div)Engr.Mazahir Haider (Project Director Khi Div)Engr.Kacho Shujaat Ali (Social Secetory)Arif Shabbir (Education Secetory)Nasir Shigri (Finance Secetory)Engr.Baqir (Dept.Edu Sec)Izhar Abbas (Inchage Korangi/Mehmoodabad Zone)Kashif Hussain (Media Incharge)

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About Us:

ABM is a welfare organization established by the students of Baltistan studying in different universities of Pakistan in 2008. It is a non-political, non-religious, non-profitable, non-government organization which provides a platform where Baltistani’s from all spheres of life can get united and work for the betterment of the region.The basic aim of this organization is to empower the youth of Baltistan with education because it is the only tool to get success in today’s world. The motto “Our mission to bring revolution” depicts our efforts that we want to change the fate of our motherland by a strong educational revolution.

Here revolution means to change the perceptions of people to meet the new challenges and to prepare the young generation to face the challenges of life. This organization is not a believer of confrontation, agitation or propaganda rather it encourages all people to work for the beautiful motherland because if Baltistan grow its literacy rate and develop its economy it will definitely strengthen our beloved country Pakistan.

ABM Team:

ABM consists of a large group of dedicated people whose sole aim is to provide the most useful information and services to Baltistani people. Everyone who wants to join us will be welcomed with an open heart and we expect you to put in your best efforts for the betterment of our nation. Your suggestions and feedback are always worthy for us.

ABM Central Cabinet. ABM Girls Wing

ABM Karachi Division. ABM Rawalpindi/Islamabad Division.

ABM Lahore Division. ABM Sargodha Division.

ABM Jamshoro Division. ABM Faisalabad Division.

ABM Abbot bad Division ABM Azad Jammu Kashmir

ABM Multan Division ABM Peshawar Division

ABM Bahawalpur Div ABM Baltistan Division

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Achievements:

ABM is working with Great Spirit to bring revolution in the beloved motherland Baltistan. It has 12 divisions throughout Country working with great zeal. This year ABM Mirpur Div., Peshawar Div., Baluchistan Div, Karachi Div, and other Div helped and guide students in their respective regions. Along with guidance all the div theitrself filled the the forms of candidates and also provide accommodation during entry tests. Until now ABM has launched several projects. So many problems of Baltistani has successfully solved by the organization. To solve the problems of Baltistani students, all the divisions of the ABM is playing their role. Many talks and gathering has successfully arranged with different head of departments and leaders. ABM played a vital role to solve the crises of double of reserved seat in Punjab. ABM uses its all resources for the implementation of the announcement. for this purpose ABM representatives talked with C.M Syed Mehdi Shah, Taqi Akhunzada (Gen.Sec.PML(N) Baltistan), G.M Sikander & other important personalities. Delegation of ABM also met with MQM representatives several times for solve the problems of students.

Last year ABM Mirpur Div., Peshawar div, Abbot bad div and other divisions provide accomodation facilities, guided newcomers help students during entry test & help them during admission.

Several other projects has also launched by ABM. The aims and objectives of these projects are to give awareness and guide the students.

These projects comprise of booklet s, presentation and career guidance programs.

Up till now four different booklets full of information have been distributed through out divisions among the students free of cost. the finance was arranged by the volunteers of ABM. following are the names of booklet projects & presentation projects;

o ABM list of reserved seat list for G-Bo ABM list of all universities and their rankingo ABM tourism guide bookleto Presentations on on the topic “career guidance” have delivered in Baltistani hostels and are

continuing…o Presentations on on the topic “drugs & its harmful effects” has delivered in Baltistani hostels

and is continuing…o Presentation on the topic “difficulties & opportunities after intermediate for GB students” in

Uswa Public school Skd

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o Career counseling & prospectus exhibition in ICC for 5 dayso school survey programo Conducted pre-entry test for those who were going to appeared in entry tests of Engineering

universities of Pakistan.o Working for the stability for newcomers in the respective universities.o Annual Education Expo and Prospectus Exhibitions in maximum schools and colleges of

Baltistan.o Kid Drawing Competition at Khubaib College Skardu last year 2011.o ABM pre-entry test conducted by Karachi and Rawalpindi Divisions in there own areas.o ABM Karachi Divisions conducted pre-board exams of intermediate students of Baltistan

studying in Karachi.o Establishment of ABM hostel in Gulshan-e-Iqbal and Korangi in Karachi and ABM house in

Rawalpindi.

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ABM Guidline Flow Chart:

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SCIENCE “O”LEVE

Pre-I.Co

ICS

Pre-

DA

ARTS

Fashion designer

Architecture

Fine Arts

BS(IR)

BA

Media science

Mass.Com

BBA

CA

B.COM

BS(ECO)

ACCA

CIMA

BSCS

BS(IT)

BS(Tel

BS(S.E

Com.En

MBBS

BSC

BD

Pharmacy/

Pharm.D

Agriculture

Electrica

Teleco

Mechanical

Petroleum

Computer system

Electronic

Civil

Mechatronics

PRIMARY

Secondary


Career options after intermediate:

Students when you get admission in your desired college and studying your desired study course you should set some goals regarding your further studies. In Pakistan, many students didn’t set their goals and they just go there circumstances derive them and at the last they complain about their failure and blame others for this. Students! One thing you should not forget your whole life is that if life is a journey then you should be the driver of this journey not the only passenger who has to be dependent on others. Experts believe that when we decided to any thing and it would be done at the same time when we decide. So you have to decide where you want to go? What is your next destination? How to get that destination? These are some important points which students should point out in the start of their intermediate. Setting your goal in the start would help you to work hard and achieve your goals.

Students when your intermediate examination has been conducted its very important time for your future. Students now you have to prepare for the admission test of for medical or engineering universities if you’ve chosen these fields as most of Pakistani students select these fields. Now you have to select an institute to prepare for the test or you can prepare it at home but we suggest you to get admission in any local institute which offers preparation for both tests.

In Pakistan there are lots of students who have made plan to get admission in medical or engineering colleges but there are limited seats in medical and engineering colleges and all the candidates couldn’t get admission. Students who get admission in medical and engineering universities there field of action are very much clear to them.

There are lots of cases observe the students who failed to get admission in medical or engineering colleges committed suicide. Students always remember that if you can’t get admission in medical or engineering its no problem. There are lots of areas and opportunities open for you where you can achiever good repute not only in the country but also in the world. So students if you didn’t get admission in your desired field of study, you should not be waste your time in worrying about it, instead of it you should plan for further studies. There are lots of B.Sc study combinations which are suitable for you but first you have to test yourself and explore your personality traits, your interests, skills and favorites as you did it for selecting your study field after matriculation. It is because may time has changed your interests and may be you have attain more skills by which you can get admission in some other course of study. So students explore your self and as well as talk to different people to give you suggestion what would be best for you.

Students it is fact that your interests and hobbies would change with time so if you want to quit a study program which you’ve selected for intermediate and now wanted to get admission in new field it is natural and you can do it. You can join Law College, commerce education is also best, fashion education is also have a big scope in Pakistan, media industry also booming in Pakistan. So students don’t be frustrated now and quickly decide a new destination and get admission in that field of study. You can get admission in law, B.Com, and many more options are there, just you have to decide what is beneficial for you.

When you decide your further study plan here you should again set some goals of your study and plans about what kind of skills you need to develop during this study period. Here an important thing

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is that now you also have a burden of getting job right after graduation so you should be clear about what kind of job you should kind of job suits you and what skills you required to get that job. Some student would think that they are not going to do job after graduation so why should they try to get that skills. Its right that most of the students are not going to do job after graduation but after graduation your study would lead you towards your career selection and you should have some more skills than other candidates to get job in the job market. Students you should be well aware of your goals so that you can achieve them clearly.

Ten Ways College prepares you for the Practical World:

The first day you pack a briefcase and head off to a professional job interview may seem far away, but the time to build strong skills and valuable habits is now. Colleges are full of opportunities to develop the qualities most important to employers.

10 Key Qualities

1. Writing Skills2. Speaking Skills3. Teamwork Skills4. Problem Solving Skills5. Initiative6. Cool under Pressure7. Attention to Detail8. Time Management9. Honesty10. Love of Learning

Writing SkillsIf you dread essays and other writing assignments, consider this: in a recent survey of employers, communication topped the list of skills they look for most. By doing your best on every research paper and lab report you write, you're preparing yourself for a career.

Health professionals keep patient charts, researchers and artists depend on the money they collect by writing grant applications, software engineers write technical specifications, and nearly everyone writes email to people inside and outside their organization. And before you even get the chance to interview, you'll need to represent yourself in cover letters and resumes.

Speaking SkillsNext time you're assigned a class presentation, think twice before dismissing it as an unimportant part of your education. Employers look for speaking skills in job hopefuls and it's never too soon to practice good eye contact and other public speaking techniques.

Teamwork SkillsHow many times a week does your class count off and break into small groups to tackle a

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challenge? You practice voicing your opinions, listening and responding to others, and reaching compromises. By the time you leave high College, you can be an expert in teamwork, an increasingly important skill in today's workplace.

Problem Solving SkillsProblem solving goes far beyond your algebra textbook. Every College assignment is an opportunity to weigh all possible solutions carefully and select the one you think best. As a working professional, you'll keep solving problems, whether computer programming bugs or budget shortfalls.

InitiativeEvery time you raise your hand in class, every time you choose your own research topic, every time you interpret a piece of literature, you take initiative. And employers value can-do professionals who come up with new ideas and chart their own course through projects.

Cool under PressureWho hasn't made the argument that testing isn't a real-life situation? It's not like your future boss is going to ask you to translate a Spanish passage without a dictionary in under twenty minutes.

But try thinking of the pressure of testing as practice for the work world's own explosive situations. You could someday find yourself meeting tight deadlines, speaking with irate customers, holding a scalpel, or handling dangerous chemicals.

Attention to DetailWhen you double-check your calculations for a math problem, make sure you're using the correct homonym in an essay, or cite sources carefully in a research paper, you're paying close attention to detail. That habit will come in handy in any workplace, whether you maintain a database, keep a log of the hours you spend with clients, or simply write emails.

Time ManagementHow many classes do you attend each day? How many homework assignments do you tackle each night? And what about sports practice play rehearsal, and other extracurricular?

You have the chance to be a real pro when it comes to juggling the many demands on your time -- and that's a good thing since most jobs require multitasking. Examples of on-the-job juggling feats include taking care of current clients while attracting new ones, responding to emails while working on a major presentation, and ordering tomorrow's produce while planning next week's menu.

HonestyEmployers need to know that they can trust you with everything from credit cards to trade secrets. But how can you work at honesty?

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Every day that you do your own homework and resist the temptation to cheat on exams; you exercise your integrity muscle.

Love of LearningLast but not least, a love of learning will see you through the initial weeks of a new job. It will also serve you well as you advance in your working life, taking on new projects, building expertise, and branching into new areas of interest. While your grandparents may have worked for the same company their entire lives, today's workforce is mobile, with most people changing careers, not just jobs, throughout their lifetime.

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What is an Engineer?Engineers are builders, adventurers and problem solvers. They seek quicker, better and less expensive ways of completing projects. An engineer uses the forces and materials of nature to benefit humankind. Helping people with laborsaving devices such as engines and computers, as well as providing health-enhancing devices such as artificial kidneys and heart-lung machines, are all a part of engineering.

Engineers help meet many societal needs--good housing, plentiful food and clothing, rapid transportation, pure water and air, and power. They are the bridge between scientific research and the creation of new products, translating technical principles into goods, processes and systems for the benefit of all people.

What is a Doctor?A title conferred by a university on one who has followed a prescribed course of study, or given as a title of distinction; as doctor of medicine, laws, philosophy, etc. Doctors make people healthier. When people get sick, doctors figure out why. They examine people, listen to them describe their health problems, and do tests to see what is wrong. They give people medicine and other kinds of treatment. They also give advice about diet, exercise, and sleep. There are many kinds of doctors. Family and general practitioners are often the first doctors that people go to when they get sick. These doctors treat common problems. They also send patients to other doctors, called specialists. Specialists are experts in specific types of health problems.

For example, internists focus on problems with internal organs. Pediatricians care for children and babies. Surgeons perform operations, like fixing broken bones or transplanting organs.

What is a Laywer? Also called an attorney, a lawyer is someone who has completed law school, passed a bar exam, and is licensed b the state to help solve legal problems. There are many things a lawyer can help you do, such as write will, file a divorce, and represent you in court.

What is an Artist?

An artist is someone who creates art, just a baker is someone who makes bread, and a plumber is someone who installs and repairs plumbing. These are simply trades and professions; that is, means by which different people make their livings.

Unlike plumbing or baking however, the difficulty lies in defining "art." Art is pretty much whatever anybody says it is, and an artist is similarly anybody who says he is one

"If you're an artist, you've got to prove it."--Laurence Olivier

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What is a Businessman?

A businessperson (also businessman, business man, or businesswoman) is someone involved in a particular undertaking of activities, commercial or industrial, for the purpose of generating revenue from a combination of human financial and physical capital. An entrepreneur is an example of a business person. Sometimes the term can mean someone who is involved in the management of a company, especially as an owner or an executive. Sometimes it can also mean someone employed in a (usually) profit-oriented enterprise the term businessperson/man/woman almost always refers to someone with a "white collar” occupation.

What Is a Geologist? A geologist is a person who studies the earth. Geologists study the structure of the Earth, or how it is made, the origin, or the beginning of the Earth, and its history. Geologists study rocks, soil, fossils, mountains, and earthquakes.

What Is a Politician? A politician, political leader, or political figure (from Greek "polis") is someone who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making. This includes people who hold decision-making positions in government, and people who seek those positions, whether by means of election, inheritance, coup d'état, appointment, electoral fraud, conquest, divine right, or other means. Politics is not limited to governance through public office. Political offices may also be held in corporations, and other entities that are governed by self-defined political processes.

What Is a Sportsman?

Someone who enjoys sport conforming to all the rules of game and acting in a fair manner towards the opponent. Sportsman is a person trained to compete in a sport involving physical strength, speed or endurance. Sportspeople may be professional or amateur

What Is a Teacher?

A teacher is a person who provides education for pupils (children) and students (adults). The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education. In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional qualification or credentials from a university or college. These professional qualifications may include the study of pedagogy, the science of teaching. Teachers, like other professionals, may have to continue their education after they qualify, a process known as continuing professional development.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-collar_worker


Following are details, scopes, discussions and importance of different departments that you can choose after intermediate:

Courses after 12th Physics/Math’s. Pre-Engineering:

Civil Engineering:Civil engineering is the oldest branch of engineering which is growing right from the stone age of civilization. American society of civil engineering defines civil engineering as the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and physical sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize economically the materials and forces of the nature for the progressive well being of man. Various fields of civil engineering are listed and their scope is explained. Impact of infrastructural development on the economy of a country, the role of civil engineers in it is explained. Finally the importance of planning scheduling and construction management in civil engineering is emphasized.

Civil engineering may be divided into the following fields:

(i) Building materials (ii) Building construction

(iii) Structural engineering (iv) Geotechnical engineering

(v) Hydraulics, water resources and irrigation engineering (VI) Water supply and sanitary engineering

(vii) Environmental engineering (viii) Transportation engineering

(ix) Town planning and architecture (x) Surveying

(xi) Drawing (xii) Estimation and specification

(xiii) Management techniques (xiv) Computer application

Civil engineering activities in the infrastructural development are:

Good planning of towns and extension areas in the cities. Each extension area should be self

sufficient in accommodating offices, educational institutions, markets, hospitals, recreational

Facilities and residential accommodation.

Assured water supply.

A good drainage system.

Pollution free environmental conditions.

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A well planned and built network of roads and road crossings.

Railways connections to all important cities and towns.

Airports and harbors of national and international standards

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Scope and Objectives:The Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department encompasses professional disciplines that are often divided into separate departments at other engineering schools. Curricula in aerospace engineering and mechanical engineering are offered on both the undergraduate and graduate levels. The Gourmand Report ranked UCLA's mechanical engineering program tenth in the nation for undergraduate programs.Because of the scope of the department, faculty research and teaching cover a wide range of technical disciplines. Research in thermal engineering emphasizes basic heat and mass transfer processes as well as thermal hydraulics. Topics in the area of design, dynamics, and control include robotics, mechanism design, control and guidance of aircraft and spacecraft, aeromechanics, and dynamics and control of large space structures. Studies in structural mechanics range from fracture mechanics and wave propagation, structural dynamics and aero elasticity of helicopters and jet engine blades, computational transonic aero elasticity to structural optimization and synthesis, and mechanics of composite structures. In the area of fluid mechanics and acoustics, investigations are under way on combustion, flow instabilities, turbulence and thermal convection, aero acoustics, and unsteady aerodynamics of turbo machines, helicopter rotors, and fixed-wing aircraft. Other areas of research include applied plasma physics, surface modification by plasma, fusion reactor design, experimental tokamak confinement physics; light water reactor safety; reliability and risk assessment methodology; and nuclear materials. The department also has research activity in computer-aided design and manufacturing.At the undergraduate level, the department offers accredited programs leading to Bachelor of Science degrees in Aerospace Engineering and in Mechanical Engineering. The former includes opportunity to emphasize propulsion, aerodynamics, design, dynamics and control, or structures and space technology, while the latter includes opportunity to emphasize design and manufacturing, dynamics and control, or fluids and thermal engineering.At the graduate level, the department offers programs leading to M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering and in Aerospace Engineering. An M.S. in Manufacturing Engineering is also offered.Department MissionThe mission of the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department is to educate the nation's future leaders in the science and art of mechanical and aerospace engineering. Further, the department seeks to expand the frontiers of engineering science and to encourage technological innovation while fostering academic excellence and scholarly learning in a collegial environment.

Computer Science/System/Software Engineering:

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Computer software engineers apply the principles of computer science and mathematical analysis to the design, development, testing, and evaluation of the software and systems that make computers work. The tasks performed by these workers evolve quickly, reflecting new areas of specialization or changes in technology, as well as the preferences and practices of employers. (A separate section on computer hardware engineers appears in the engineers section of the Handbook.) Software engineers can be involved in the design and development of many types of software, including computer games, word processing and business applications, operating systems and network distribution, and compilers, which convert programs to machine language for execution on a computer.Computer software engineers begin by analyzing users' needs, and then design, test, and develop software to meet those needs. During this process they create the detailed sets of instructions, called algorithms, that tell the computer what to do. They also may be responsible for converting these instructions into a computer language, a process called programming or coding, but this usually is the responsibility of computer programmers. (A separate section on computer programmers appears elsewhere in the Handbook.) Computer software engineers must be experts in operating systems and middleware to ensure that the underlying systems will work properly.Computer applications software engineers analyze users' needs and design, construct, and maintain general computer applications software or specialized utility programs. These workers use different programming languages, depending on the purpose of the program. The programming languages most often used are C, C++, and Java, with Fortran and COBOL used less commonly. Some software engineers develop both packaged systems and systems software or create customized applications.Computer systems software engineers coordinate the construction, maintenance, and expansion of an organization's computer systems. Working with the organization, they coordinate each department's computer needs-ordering, inventory, billing, and payroll recordkeeping, for example-and make suggestions about its technical direction. They also might set up the organization's intranets-networks that link computers within the organization and ease communication among various departments.Systems software engineers also work for companies that configure, implement, and install the computer systems of other organizations. These workers may be members of the marketing or sales staff, serving as the primary technical resource for sales workers. They also may help with sales and provide customers with technical support. Since the selling of complex computer systems often requires substantial customization to meet the needs of the purchaser, software engineers help to identify and explain needed changes. In addition, systems software engineers are responsible for ensuring security across the systems they are configuring.Computer software engineers often work as part of a team that designs new hardware, software, and systems. A core team may comprise engineering, marketing, manufacturing, and design people, who work together to release a product.

Electrical and Electronic Engineering:Electrical and Electronic Engineering is an exciting and dynamic field. Electrical engineers are responsible for the generation, transfer and conversion of electrical power, while electronic engineers are concerned with the transfer of information using radio waves, the design of electronic circuits, the design of computer systems and the development of control systems such as aircraft autopilots. These sought-after engineers can look forward to a rewarding and respected career.

What we do about it :

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Electrical energy systems - encompass the study and design of electrical transmission systems, electrical machines and variable speed drives; high power electronic converters and high voltage engineering. This requires engineering on a grand scale, such as power distribution across Southern Africa. Power generation from renewable resources, such as wind and sun, and electrical transport, such as battery electrical vehicles, are of growing importance in the electrical engineering field and postgraduate studies.

Electronics - the study of components and circuits used to construct items such as audio amplifiers, radio transmitters and computer circuits. Students learn about elementary electrical components, transistors, integrated circuits, computer circuitry and power electronics. The field specialises in areas such as microwave electronics, superconducting electronics, ultra-high speed electronics and the prevention of electromagnetic interference between devices.

Electromagnetic systems - are diverse and complex, ranging from the study of the electromagnetic effects of motors and electrical insulators to radio and radar antennas, radio waves and visible light (fibre optics). The scope of study ranges from undergraduate introductory courses to world class research at graduate level.

Computer systems - students are trained to design and implement computers and digital electronic systems. This field also covers the design and construction of microcomputers built to control almost every electrical appliance, from automatic irrigation systems to autopilots for aircraft. Computer programming for embedded systems and reconfigurable logic circuits and the use and development of real time operating systems to address a variety of engineering problems, are also of key importance.

Control systems - range from the temperature control in air conditioning systems to the sophisticated automatic landing systems that allow aircraft to land autonomously in thick fog or to point camera systems accurately from satellites to target areas on the ground. Students learn techniques to design control systems for both electronic (analogue) and computer (digital) implementations and also to apply the knowledge in other branches of engineering.

Signal processing - Speech, radio waves and television images are all examples of signals. Students study the behaviour of these signals and apply computers usefully to process them (eg speech, speaker and image recognition, software defined radios and protocols). Mathematical aids are created to analyze and understand these signals. Postgraduate students are involved with leading edge research in speech processing, radar and sonar, image processing, software defined radios and protocols/networks.

Electronics Engineering:

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Introduction:

Electronics Engineering is one of the largest and fastest growing field of engineering. It covers a wide range of applications which make our life easier and enjoyable such as Television, Radio, computers, telecommunication etc. They helps us to see, hear and communicate over vast distances and do things faster. Electronics has a major role in improving productivity in industries like oil, energy, agriculture and so many other important sectors of economy. In steel, petroleum and chemical industries it is the electronic devices that direct, control and test production processes. Health care industry depend on electronic instruments to perform chemical tests and to check body functions. The safety in transportation, factories and mines and in homes rely heavily on electronics.

Educational : To become an electronics engineer one needs to have a degree in electronics engineering (BE / B.Tech) or must have passed the AMIE (Associate Membership Examination of the Institute of Engineers) in electronics or Graduate membership Examination of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers or at least a diploma in Electronics Engineering. A post graduate degree is required for most research or teaching posts and management positions. An additional degree in business administration is desirable for those seeking administrative or management positions.

Duration : The duration is 4 Years for BE / B.Tech courses. The diploma courses in polytechnics are of 3 years duration.

Electrical engineering:

Electrical Engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electrictelegraph and electrical power supply. It now covers a range of subtopics including power,electronics, control systems, signal processing and telecommunications.

Educational: Electrical engineers typically possess an academic degree with a major in electrical engineering, electronics engineering, or electrical and electronic engineering. The same fundamental principles are taught in all programs, though emphasis may vary according to title. The length of study for such a degree is usually four or five years and the completed degree may be designated as a Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Technology or Bachelor of Applied Science depending upon the university. The degree generally includes units covering physics, mathematics, computer science, project management and specific topics in electrical engineering. Initially such topics cover most, if not all, of the sub-disciplines of electrical engineering. Students then choose to specialize in one or more sub-disciplines towards the end of the degree. In many institutions electronic engineering is included as part of an electrical award, sometimes explicitly (such as a [Bachelor of Engineering] (Electrical and Electronic), in others

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electrical and electronic engineering are considered sufficiently broad and complex to be considered separately

Some electrical engineers choose to pursue a postgraduate degree such as a Master of Engineering/Master of Science(M.Eng./M.Sc.), a Master of Engineering Management, a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Engineering, an Engineering Doctorate(Eng.D.), or an Engineer's degree.

Textile Technology : Introduction:

Textile industry is one of the oldest industries in India. The industry basically involves manufacturing of various types of fabrics both natural and synthetic, production of machinery, and planning and development of new technology. The industry has categorized three major areas of work namely research and development, manufacturing and merchandising. It provides direct employment to more than thirty million people.

In today's fashion scenario, textiles play an important role as costumes reflect ones personality. When we take the case of textiles, it not only include woven, knitted or printed fabrics used for making clothes but also materials used for furnishing, upholstery, carpets, lace etc. Production of this enormous variety of textiles necessitate the need for a career in Textile Engineering. Textile Engineering is that discipline of engineering which deals with the manufacturing of textiles. Textile Engineering is also known as Textile Technology.

Educational: There are several engineering colleges/polytechnics/universities that offer programs in textile engineering and technology. The basic eligibility criteria for B.E / B.Tech in Textile Engineering is 10+2 or equivalent examination with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Biology with a fairly high percentage of marks in the aggregate. After pursuing bachelor's degree (B.E/B Tech), one can go for a post graduate degree; i.e. M.E/ M.Tech. and after that one can take up the Ph.D degree. Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi is a prominent institute in the field offering B.Tech/M.Tech/Ph.D programs.

Duration : B.E / B.Tech courses in Textile Engineering are of 4 years (8 semesters) duration while ME/ M.Tech course in Textile Engineering are of 2 years.

Aeronautical Engineering : Introduction:

Aeronautical / Aerospace Engineering is one of the most challenging fields of engineering with a wide scope for growth. This field deals with the development of new technology in the field of aviation, space exploration and defence systems. It specialises in the designing, construction,

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development, testing, operation and maintenance of both commercial and military aircraft, spacecrafts and their components as well as satellites and missiles

As Aerospace engineering involves design and manufacture of very high technology systems, the job requires manual, technical as well as mechanical aptitude. Aeronautical engineer's usually work in teams under the supervision of senior engineers, bringing together their skills and technical expertise. Though highly paid, the work is very demanding. An aeronautical engineer needs to be physically fit and fully dedicated to his work. One needs to be alert, have an eye for detail and should have a high level of mathematical precision to be successful.

Duration : The duration is four years, ending with a degree .The diploma courses are of 2-3 years duration.

Chemical Engineering :

Introduction:

Over the years with the great expansion of scientific knowledge, the basis of applying science particularly chemistry to develop technology has increased tremendously. This has lead to the development of the profession of chemical Engineering.

Chemical Engineering involves the design and maintenance of chemical plants and the development of chemical processes for converting raw materials or chemicals into valuable forms including those to remove chemicals from waste materials, to enable large-scale manufacture. It combines knowledge of Chemistry and Engineering for the production of chemicals and related by-products. This branch of engineering is a varied field, covering areas from biotechnology and nanotechnology to mineral processing. It covers various fields of chemical technology in mineral based industries, petrochemical plants, pharmaceuticals, synthetic fibres, petroleum refining plants etc. Chemical engineers design and operate chemical plants and improve methods of production.

To become a chemical engineer one should have a graduate degree (B.E / B.Tech) or postgraduate degree (M.E) in Chemical Engineering. There are both degree as well as diploma courses.

Duration : BE / B.Tech courses are of 4 years' duration.

Mechatronics Engineering :

Introduction

Mechatronics is centered on the disciplines of mechanics, electronics, controls and computers which, when combined make possible the generation of simpler, more economical, reliable and versatile commercial and industrial products. The term was first used in 1969 in Japan, but has become more

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common in the last twenty years, as traditional mechanical products became increasingly governed by electronic and computer control. It is said that the term 'mechatronics' was invented by a Japanese engineer Tetsura Mori who worked for Yasakava company. Mechatronics is a field of engineering that focuses on the design and production of automated equipment.

Educational

In order to be eligible for a course at undergraduate level in mechatronics you need to have done 10+2 or equivalent with physics, chemistry and mathematics. Bachelor courses (B.E./B.Tech) are of 4 years duration. There are also masters and PhD courses in mechatronics. Applicants for postgraduate programmes in Mechatronics are required to have completed B.E./B.Tech. or equivalent from a recognized University/Institution in the area of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Electronics & Telecommunication, Instrumentation and Mechanical Engineering or equivalent. M.Tech course is 2 year duration programme. PhD takes three to five years to complete.

Polymer/Plastic Engineering:

Introduction

Polymer engineering is generally a branch of engineering that designs, analyses, and/or modifies polymer materials for aiding the manufacture of articles from polymers. Polymer Engineering uses the theory and knowledge of chemical engineering to solve various problems involving the production and use of polymers. Polymer engineers use the principles of plant design, process design, thermodynamics, and transport phenomena to develop new products. Polymer engineering covers aspects of petrochemical industry, polymerization, structure and characterization of polymers, properties of polymers, compounding and processing of polymers and description of major polymers, their structure, property relations and applications. Many of the engineers currently working in the industry trying to solve these problems have background in either chemical engineering or polymers.

Durations:

The B.E course is of four years duration, while the M Tech / ME program is of one and a half to two years duration.

Petroleum Engineering:

Introduction:

Petroleum engineers search the world for reservoirs containing oil or natural gas. In other words, Petroleum engineers are involved in the exploration and production of oil and natural gas and also in

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each stage of oil field evaluation, development and production. Where as Engineering is the art and science of making practical application of the knowledge of pure sciences, like Physics or Chemistry, as in the construction of engines, bridges, buildings, mines, ships chemical plants, etc; Petroleum Engineering is the discipline in which the principles of Geology, Physics and Engineering are applied for the recovery, development and processing of petroleum. It is basically mining Engineering, but deals only with oil and gas.

Durations:

The B.E course is of four years duration, while the M Tech / ME program is of one and a half to two years duration.

Agricultural Engineering:

Introduction:

When the principles of engineering and biological science are applied to agriculture, it is called agricultural engineering. Agricultural engineering, sometimes known as biological engineering, is a diverse engineering discipline which mainly focus on the creation and development of tools (i.e farm machineries and other implements related to agriculture) that can improve farming techniques. It can also be defined as a field of agricultural science where engineering principles are applied for the improvement and advancement of agriculture industry. Modern agriculture is highly competitive and technology-driven with a wide variety of specialties and techniques. Hi-tech agricultural graduates are in great demand due to the global trend toward standardization of all agricultural products and equipment. In recent years, agricultural engineering has contributed a lot to the agricultural production in the country both directly and indirectly.

Educational: Students who wish to pursue a career in Agricultural Engineering should possess a strong foundation in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. To become a qualified agricultural engineer one should have a Bachelors degree (B.E/ B.Tech.) or a Masters degree (M.E/M.Tech.) in Agricultural Engineering or at least a diploma in Agricultural Engineering with a minimum of 3 to 4 years experience in field of landscaping, plantation of vegetables, fruits etc.

Biomedical Engineering:

Introduction:

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Biomedical Engineering alias BME is an emerging and exciting discipline of engineering that has got tremendous potential for research, development and employment. Biomedical engineering may be defined as the study and application of engineering principles and techniques to the medical field. It is a combination of technical knowledge in biology and medicine to improve life quality. This interdisciplinary field that bridges life science and engineering has an important role in prevention, therapy and rehabilitation, as it combines the principles of two dynamic professions, medicine and engineering. It is an apt career for those who have a keen interest in medicine and healthcare.

To become a Biomedical Engineer, one should hold a Bachelor's degree in Biomedical Engineering (B.E./ B.Tech in BME). The basic eligibility criteria for a B.E are higher secondary or its equivalent examination in the science stream. The course is of 4 years duration and the candidates have to appear for the entrance examination conducted by the respective institution.

Robotics:

Introduction:

Robotics is a rapidly growing field that has applications in diverse industries. Robotics is a field of engineering concerned with the development and application of robots, and computer systems for their control, sensory feedback and information processing. In other words, Robotics is all about designing robots, maintaining them, developing new applications and conducting research. Robotics is an exciting area of computer-controlled technology. Robotics is one of the most inter-disciplinary of engineering endeavors. In an elaborate form, Robotics Engineering is a sub field of Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Computer Science. This is a rapidly developing field, with advances in computing constantly opening up new possibilities for robotics applications. The term 'robotics' includes research and engineering activities involving the design and development of robotic systems.

The experts working in the area of robotics are called robotic engineers. Robotics engineers are basically concerned with the science of robotics that is the science of flexible automation. Robotics engineers design robots, maintain them, develop new applications for them, and conduct research to expand the potential of robots. The robotics engineer must determine the particular needs of each application and customize the robot accordingly. These engineers use computer-aided design and drafting, and computer-aided manufacturing (CADD/CAM) systems to perform their tasks. Their duties include analyzing designs, debugging programs, standardizing and servicing the robots and combining the robots with new mechanical devices. They also supervise other technicians and engineers.

Architectural Engineering:

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Introduction:

Architecture, the science of building, is the visualization of building blocks. It is the area of study which deals with the designing and planning of buildings and structures and the spaces between them. Architecture is a highly competitive and multi-disciplinary profession which involves a variety of tasks at work. This is a field which covers various fields including spatial design, aesthetics, safety management, material management etc.

Duration & Course Content: The B.Arch degree program is of 5 years duration and includes a period of practical experience. The apprenticeship (usually for one semester) has to be done under a practicing architect. The B. Arch degree prepares the theoretical foundations and gives some practical insight on which a student later develops proficiency and functional accuracy.

Courses after 12th Biology, Pre-Medical:The most chosen field Of study in Pakistan specially is the Biology, Pre-Medical Group In F.SC commonly known as the First Year In Medical after Metric Class. Every one has a wish to become a doctor in his first preference after completing their Matriculation. We guide here to those students who just completed their Inter Part 2 With Biology Sciences (Pre-Medical). We also give you the details of the courses which are offered to you by the Colleges and Universities after 12th Class with Biology sciences.

Bachelor Of Medicine And Bachelor Of Surgery(M.B.B.S) Bachelor Of Pharmacy(B.Pharmacy) Doctor Of Pharmacy(D.Pharmacy) Bachelor Of Dental Surgery(BDS) BS.C Nursing BS.C Physiotherapy BS.C Medical Laboratory Technology

Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery:As the society going For Medical Education mostly. MBBS is always a hot Topic In Pakistan also. Doctors is the Noble Field Of Today and it is having the Emotional touch with it to save a life, helpful to generate a life and deals with many health hurdles in any body Life. So, Medical Studies is playing an important role in One’s Life. MBBS is the best Degree for Medical Students while choosing their Profession after completing their basic Education relating with Medical. MBBS is the degree of Medical Sciences and MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor Of Surgery) are the two first professional degrees awarded upon Graduation From Medical School in medicine and surgery by universities in various countries including Pakistan. The naming suggests that they are two separate degrees; however, in practice, they are usually treated as one and awarded together.

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http://ilm.com.pk/courses/medical/bsc-medical-laboratory-technology/

http://ilm.com.pk/courses/medical/bsc-physiotherapy/

http://ilm.com.pk/courses/medical/b-sc-nursing-2/

http://ilm.com.pk/courses/medical/bds/

http://ilm.com.pk/courses/medical/d-pharmacy/

http://ilm.com.pk/courses/medical/d-pharmacy/

http://ilm.com.pk/courses/medical/mbbs/


Usually, students who have graduated with a “Bachelor of Medicine” degree may also practice surgery, because it is equivalent to the “Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor Of Surgery” degree.

CONDITIONS FOR ADMISSION IN MBBS for Pakistani Students

The Council in its 116th meeting has laid down the conditions for admission in the MBBS course in the country, which are notified as under: “Notification”CONDITIONS FOR ADMISSION IN MBBS

The provincial Governments shall make arrangements for holding a central entry test for admission in MBBS for both private and public in their respective provinces in consultation with the stake holders, in order to determine the order of merit. The order of merit determined by the central entry test shall form the basis for admission in all medical and dental institutions. The entry test of one province shall be acceptable in other provinces. The college can hold an aptitude interview and give it appropriate weight age for final selection. The Provincial authority shall declare results of the central entry test before 31st October each year and submit the result of the entry test to PM&DC before 31st October. No private college shall admit students before 31st October each year or the declaration of the Provincial central entry test which ever is earlier. If in any province arrangements for holding a central entry test do not exist, the private colleges shall conduct their own entry test in order to determine the order of merit in a transparent manner.For admissions in medical and dental institutions located in the Islamabad Capital Territory, the central test shall be held under the arrangements of the Ministry of Health. All admissions for both public and private admissions must be completed by 30th November each year and submitted to PM&DC otherwise it shall be considered a violation of PM&DC rules.

No admission shall be given without an entry test or SAT II score of 550 marks. Only those Pakistani national students and foreigners who have obtained the required qualifications for the entry test from abroad, shall be eligible for admission on the foreign seats and shall either have to appear in the entry test or present the University the requisite SAT score. The students who are residing abroad or who have achieved their qualifications required for the entry test from abroad shall be eligible to appear in the entry test if they have passed three science subjects out of which tow have to be Biology and Chemistry. The candidates having minimum SAT II score of 550 marks, shall be exempted from the entry test and shall be required to appear only in the interview. TOEFL or IELT score of 500 or 5.5. Shall be required from the students who have obtained their required qualifications from those institutions where the medium of instruction for these qualifications is not English. An alternate to TOEFL and IELT is a certification by NUML Islamabad after a one year English language course.

No medical or dental institution training for MBBS/BDS in the private sector shall charge fee more than five laces per annum per student. This fee shall exclude University fees, taxes, hostel fee, transport fee and the one time admission fee. Copies of all receipts shall be submitted to PM&DC.

If the student wishes to leave the institution and does not join classes then there shall be a 100% refund of all deposit fee except for the one time admission fee. If the student wishes to leave the

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institution within one month there shall be 50% refund of all deposited fee and if the student wishes to leave the institution after one month of joining classes then there shall be a 25% refund.

Any monetary demand of any other charge/donation on any other pretext other than the annual fee as laid down in regulation 3 or any other non compliance of these regulations if reported shall be construed a major violation and shall make the institution liable for action under section 22 of the PM&DC Ordinance, 1962.

CONDITIONS FOR ADMISSION IN MBBS FOR OVERSEAS STUDENTS

No admission shall be given without an entry test or SAT II score of 550 marks. Only those Pakistani national students and foreigners who have obtained the required qualifications for the entry test from abroad, shall be eligible for admission on the foreign seats and shall either have to appear in the entry test or present the University the requisite SAT score. The students who are residing abroad or who have achieved their qualifications required for the entry test from abroad shall be eligible to appear in the entry test if they have passed three science subjects out of which tow have to be Biology and Chemistry. The candidates having minimum SAT II score of 550 marks shall be exempted from the entry test and shall be required to appear only in the interview. TOEFL or IELT score of 500 or 5.5. Shall be required from the students who have obtained their required qualifications from that institution where the medium of instruction for these qualifications is not English. An alternate to TOEFL and IELT is a certification by NUML Islamabad after a one year English language course.

Pharm.“D”:

Doctor of Pharmacy:When we talk about the Medical Field and the scope of Pharm.D in Medical Sector of Pakistan then we come to know that Doctor Of Pharmacy which is commonly known as Pharm.D is the studying the Medical Cases in Dept regarding the Medicine for the patients. In this field we seeks the art of preparing and create awareness about the correct usage of the Medicine for accurate Patient. Pharm.D is the A Doctor of Pharmacy (abbreviated pharm.D) is an undergraduate academic degree in the field of pharmacy.

Career in Pharmacy:

A career in pharmacy, unfolds a vista full of opportunities leading to a golden future for a young career aspirant. The job opportunities, working conditions, job satisfaction and monetary benefits are excellent.

Courses Includes In Pharm.D:

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Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I (Organic) 1st Year

Pharmaceutical Biochemiry 1st Year

Pharmaceutics-I (Physical Pharmacy) 1st Year

Physiology & Histology 1st Year

Anatomy 1st Year

Pharmaceutical Mathematics & Biostatistics 1st Year

Pharmaceutics-II (Pharmaceutical Preparations) 2nd Year

Pharmacology and Therapeutics-I 2nd Year

Pharmacognosy-I 2nd Year

Pharmaceutical Microbiology 2nd Year

Pakistan Studies and Islamiat (Compulsory) 2nd Year

Pathology 3rd Year

Pharmacology and Therapeutics-II 3rd Year

Pharmacognosy-II 3rd Year

Pharmaceutics-III (Dispensing and Community Pharmacy) 3rd Year

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II (Analytical) 3rd Year

Pharmaceutics-IV (Hospital Pharmacy) 4th Year

Pharmaceutics-V (Clinical Pharmacy-I) 4th Year

Pharmaceutics-VI (Industrial Pharmacy) 4th Year

Pharmaceutics-VII (Biopharmaceutics) 4th Year

Pharmaceutics-VIII (Pharmaceutical Quality Control) 4th Year

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Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III (Medicinal) 5th Year

Pharmaceutics-IX (Clinical Pharmacy-II) 5th Year

Pharmaceutical Technology 5th Year

Forensic Pharmacy 5th Year

Pharmaceutical Management & Marketing 5th Year

Computer and its Applications in Pharmacy 5th Year

Eligibility:

Candidates for admission should have completed F.Sc. (Pre-medical) or B.Sc. (After F.Sc. Pre-medical) or equivalent examination holding at least 1st Division in the Examination on the basis of which he/she is seeking admission. All the students (except foreigners) must have to appear in Entry Test.

Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS):As we come to know that Density is the Field Of Medicine which deals with the producing, preventing and usage Of Medicine For the Patient. Dentistry is the branch of medicine that is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body.

Bachelor of dental surgery (BDS) degree is awarded at the successful completion of four years of study and one year of internship to the students as per the old regulations of Dental council of Pakistan. According to new regulations, the BDS course comprises of five years with no internship period.

Eligibility:

CONDITIONS FOR ADMISSION IN BDS

The provincial Governments shall make arrangements for holding a central entry test for admission in BDS for both private and public in their respective provinces in consultation with the stake holders, in order to determine the order of merit. The order of merit determined by the central entry test shall form the basis for admission in all medical and dental institutions. The entry test of one province shall be acceptable in other provinces. The college can hold an aptitude interview and give it appropriate weight age for final selection. The Provincial authority shall declare results of the central entry test before 31st October each year and submit the result of the entry test to PM&DC before 31st October. No private college shall admit students before 31st October each year or the

32


declaration of the Provincial central entry test which ever is earlier. If in any province arrangements for holding a central entry test do not exist, the private colleges shall conduct their own entry test in order to determine the order of merit in a transparent manner.For admissions in medical and dental institutions located in the Islamabad Capital Territory, the central test shall be held under the arrangements of the Ministry of Health. All admissions for both public and private admissions must be completed by 30th November each year and submitted to PM&DC otherwise it shall be considered a violation of PM&DC rules.

No admission shall be given without an entry test or SAT II score of 550 marks. Only those Pakistani national students and foreigners who have obtained the required qualifications for the entry test from abroad, shall be eligible for admission on the foreign seats and shall either have to appear in the entry test or present the University the requisite SAT score. The students who are residing abroad or who have achieved their qualifications required for the entry test from abroad shall be eligible to appear in the entry test if they have passed three science subjects out of which tow have to be Biology and Chemistry. The candidates having minimum SAT II score of 550 marks shall be exempted from the entry test and shall be required to appear only in the interview. TOEFL or IELT score of 500 or 5.5. Shall be required from the students who have obtained their required qualifications from those institution where the medium of instruction for these qualifications is not English. An alternate to TOEFL and IELT is a certification by NUML Islamabad after a one year English language course.

No medical or dental institution training for BDS in the private sector shall charge fee more than five laces per annum per student. This fee shall exclude University fees, taxes, hostel fee, transport fee and the one time admission fee. Copies of all receipts shall be submitted to PM&DC.

If the student wishes to leave the institution and does not join classes then there shall be a 100% refund of all deposit fee except for the one time admission fee. If the student wishes to leave the institution within one month there shall be 50% refund of all deposited fee and if the student wishes to leave the institution after one month of joining classes then there shall be a 25% refund.

Any monetary demand of any other charge/donation on any other pretext other than the annual fee as laid down in regulation 3 or any other non compliance of these regulations if reported shall be construed a major violation and shall make the institution liable for action under section 22 of the PM&DC Ordinance, 1962.

The course comprises didactic lectures, demonstrations, group discussions, seminars, clinical work and conferences.

The aim and objective of the curriculum is to produce a dentist who is socially acceptable and is able to work safely and effectively on patients in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental and oral disease.

B.D.S. COURSES

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(I) First Year:a) Anatomy, Neuro-anatomy , Histology and Embryologyb) Physiology including Biochemistry.c) Sciences of Dental Materials & Laboratory Techniques.

(II) Second Year:a) General & Dental Pharmacology and Therapeutics.b) General Pathology and Bacteriology.c) Oral Anatomy, Physiology, Histology and Tooth Morphology.

(III) Third Year :-a) Medicine.b) Surgery.c) Oral Pathology, Histo-pathology and Microbiology.d) Oral diagnosis, Oral Medicine.

(IV) Final Year:-a) Prosthetics and Prosthodontics.b) Operative / Restorative / Conservative Dentistry.c) Orthodontics.d) Oral Surgery, Anesthesia, Forensic Medicine, Toxicology,

Career at Dentistry:

Sedentary lifestyle and busy schedule is having effect on teeth of the people in general as well. As such a visit to a Dentist becomes a necessity. This creates a huge opportunity of employment for Dentists.

B.SC Nursing:Nursing is a health care profession which involves caring for the sick or injured or infirm. Nursing is an essential part of any health care system. Nursing encompasses almost all departments of a hospital, from pediatrics to intensive care. Nursing is not just technical know-how; it plays a major role in creating a positive environment for quick recovery of the patients. Since it involves service towards mankind, it is known as a ‘Noble Profession’. A Nursing professional is known as ‘Nurse’. A Nurse performs a multitude of activities as per her qualifications and position in a health care environment. In a typical environment, a nurse at junior level performs bedside care of the patients, while those at the senior level manages them and special group of patients belonging to various departments. Their duty also involves dispensing medication, keeping records of the patient’s progress, setting up and operating medical equipment, administration and several other routine chores. Various Nursing Colleges offer a variety of graduate and post-graduate courses, however the most pursued one is that which is required in a hospital environment. Nursing is a challenging profession; it requires long hours of physical and mental work and as such requires lot of patience, strength and courage.

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BS.C Nursing subjects/Content

Nursing Foundation Behavioral Sciences Nursing Education and Research Nursing Administration Practical

B.SC Nursing Objectives

To prepare candidates for bedside, care nursing , family care nursing, nursing supervision and nursing administration

To prepare candidates to reach the top position in their profession To prepare nursing personnel to conduct research and related activities

B.SC Nursing Job Types

Director of Nursing. Nurse Administrator. Forensic Nurse. Assistant Nursing Superintendent. Nurse Supervisor. Nursing Lecturer. Staff Nurse. Nurse Principal. Researcher.

B.SC Nursing Employment Areas

Clinics. Factories. Hospitals. Heath Departments. Industrial Houses. Military. Medical Departments. Nursing Homes. Orphanages. Old Age Homes. Railways. Schools. Training Institutes.

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BSc Physiotherapy:This is the motivational term in which a Medical Student mostly deals which physical movements of the Parts and ultimately Physiotherapy is deal with movement. Physiotherapy also known as Physical therapy is a health care profession that provides treatment to individuals to develop, maintain and restore maximum movement and function throughout life. This includes providing treatment in circumstances where movement and function are threatened by ageing, injury, disease or environmental factors. It is the most important rehabilitative service needed in a community and a vital therapeutic supplement of the medical profession, integral to the treatment of most patients. Physical Therapist are professionals involved in the field of Physiotherapy. Physical Therapists utilize an individual’s history and physical examination in diagnosis and treatment, and if necessary, will incorporate the results of laboratory and imaging studies. Electro diagnostic testing (e.g. electro mayo grams and nerve conduction velocity testing) may also be of assistance. PTs practice in many settings, such as outpatient clinics or offices, inpatient rehabilitation facilities, extended care facilities, homes, education or research centre’s, schools, hospices, industrial workplaces or other occupational environments.

Some of its specialized fields are -

Cardiopulmonary – It treats a wide variety of individuals suffering with disorders, including heart attacks, post coronary bypass surgery, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis etc.Geriatric – its area of expertise is arthritis, osteoporosis, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, hip and joint replacement, balance disorders, incontinence, etc.Orthopedic – It deals with rehabilitation of patients after orthopedics surgery from conditions like fractures, acute sports injuries, arthritis, sprains, strains, back and neck pain, spinal conditions and amputations.Neurological – It treats those suffering from neurological disorder like Alzheimer’s disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), ALS, brain injury, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, and stroke etc.Pediatric – It treats disorders of the pediatric population related to congenital, developmental, neuromuscular, skeletal, or acquired disorders/diseases.Integumentary – It deals with conditions involving the skin and related organs. Common conditions managed include wounds and burns. Physical therapists utilize surgical instruments, mechanical lavage, dressings and topical agents to debride necrotic tissue and promote tissue healing. Other commonly used interventions include exercise, oedema control, splinting, and compression garments.

Subjects can be Study In BSc Physiotherapy

The study of this field includes all or few of these –

Anatomy. Orientation to Physiotherapy. Integrated Seminars / PBL Sessions.

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Exercise Therapy. Electrotherapy. Orthopaedics & Traumatology. Ethics, Administration & Supervision.

Basic Requirement For BSc Physiotherapy

Academic Requirements – The basic eligibility for courses in physiotherapy is Intermediate passed or equivalent examination with

physics chemistry biology English

At least 50% of marks should be secured in each of these subjects are required for get Admission In BSc Physiotherapy. To become a practicing physiotherapist or be employed as a professional in a hospital or clinic, one should have a B.Sc. degree.Some Job Types

Assistant Physiotherapist Lecturer Researcher Research Assistant Therapy Manager Self Employed Private Physiotherapist Sports Physio Rehabilitator Customer Care Assistant Osteopath

Some Employment Areas

Hospitals Orthopedic Departments Rehabilitation Centre’s for The Handicapped Schools for the Mentally Retarded and Physically Disabled Children Health Institutions Defenses Medical Establishments Private Clinics Physiotherapy Equipment Manufacturers Educational Institutions Fitness Centers Sports Training Facilities

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BSC Medical Laboratory Technology:Below given detail of the BSC Medical Laboratory Technology which is the most dynamic field of the Lab Technicians appointed In the Medical Laboratories. BSC study In Medical Laboratory Technology is the best way t0o enter in the Medical Field in No Time. The field of Medical Laboratory Technology is of vital importance as it is the backbone of all the Medical Sciences. It is a professional education without which a proper Lab diagnosis is beyond the scope of imagination. Together with the efforts of clinicians, doctors and allied therapists it saves time and maintains accuracy for the protection of the ailing persons and minimizes the hazards of time-consumption for fast and proper treatment of untreated patients in view of its lab diagnosis.

Eligibility:

BSC Medical Laboratory Technology

QUALIFICATION: Pass in 10+2(Intermediate), A Level, IB, American 12th grade or equivalent with Physics, Chemistry, English and Biology with a minimum of 45% marks taken together in Physics, Chemistry and Biology.

Rote Map Of BSC Medical Laboratory Technology

DURATION: 3 years plus 1 year of internship

First Year:

Sl. No Subject

1 Anatomy

2 Physiology

3 Biochemistry

4 Biomedical Instrumentation Techniques

5 General Methodology (Section A, B & C)

6 Medical Terminology

7 Basic Electricity & Electronics

8 Computer Education

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Second Year:

Sl. No Subject

1 Clinical Biochemistry

2 Hematology & Clinical Pathology

3 Immunohaematology

4 Medical Entomology

*Students will have rotational clinical laboratory postings daily after theory classes.

Third Year:

Sl. No Subject

1 Histopathological Techniques*

2 Cytology & Cytogenetic*

3 Diagnostic Bacteriology & Immunology#

4 Mycology, Virology & Parasitology#

5 Biostatistics

*Combined Pathology Practical/ Clinics#Combined Microbiology Practical/ Clinics

*Students will have rotational clinical laboratory postings daily after theory classes.

Fourth Year:

Internship

One year compulsory rotational postings during which student have to work under supervision of an experienced staff in the following areas:

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1. Clinical Pathology – 3 months2. Clinical biochemistry – 3 months3. Clinical Microbiology – 3 months4. Histopathology and cytology – 1 ½ months5. Blood banking – 1 ½ months

Courses After 12th Commerce:Students mind reading is the most difficult task because trends are changing gradually. Commerce students mostly wants to see their career in banking and finance commonly.Courses After 12th Commerce which is also known as I.COM or D.COM is the first step in Commerce Field. Commerce Courses after 12th for Commerce Students, Standard in Commerce Stream section. What to do after 12th,Commerce? This is the biggest question in 12th class/ HSC students mind mostly. There are many graduation, professional diploma and degree courses and career options available to students after 12th Class in Commerce stream like diplomas and bachelor degrees given below. Here you can explore list of top and best careers & courses after 12th Class Commerce and Courses after 12th Class for Commerce students, graduation courses, diploma and degree commerce courses.

Courses After 12th Commerce: Bachelor Of Business Administration(BBA) Bachelor Of Commerce(BCOM) Chartered Accounted(CA) ACCA(Association Of Chartered Certified Accountants)

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http://ilm.com.pk/courses/accountancy/acca/

http://ilm.com.pk/courses/commerce/b-com/

http://ilm.com.pk/courses/commerce/bba/


Bachelor Of Business Administration:Business and earning Profit in Business of any kind is not an easy Task so that educating For Business and produces the Business Graduates is challenge For the Market now.BBA(Bachelor Of Business Administration) is the well renowned Degree for the Business Prospective. Seeking and getting the Education In Business Field in which we seeks the ways of how to earn Profit what are the challenges of the local as well as international Market and how we overcome those challenges is the main outcome of the BBA(Bachelor Of Business Administration). Bachelor of Business Administration(BBA) is an Undergraduate Academic Degree which is awarded for a course or program in Business Administration. It is also known as B.B.A. which is an abbreviated form of the Bachelor of Business Administration. The duration of Bachelor of Business Administration(Hons) is 4 years, divided into a number of semesters. B.B.A. Course is designed to provide basic understanding about Management education and to train the students in communication skills effectively which inculcate entrepreneurship skills. The students are prepared to explore opportunities being newly created in management profession. Business Administration study methodology involves training through practical experience in the form of case studies, projects, presentations, industrial visits, and interaction with experts from the industry. Bachelor’s degree programmes in Business Administration/ Business Studies/ Management Studies are called by various names by the different universities. Hence, they will have various names like B.B.A., B.B.S., B.M.S. courses, all of which are more or less the same thing. B.B.A. can also be pursued through Distance Learning Programs by various Institutions like Allama Iqbal Open University In Pakistan.

BBA Eligibility

Any candidate who has passed Intermediate HSC exam from any stream with English as passing subject and secured minimum 45% marks at 12 std. Admission is base on the entrance test. Normally, there is an objective-type entrance test for admission to B.B.A./ B.B.S./ B.M.S. courses which evaluates English language, quantitative aptitude and reasoning skills.

Bachelor of Business Administration Subjects

Principles of Management. Introduction To Business Human Resource Management Business Law Business Mathematics. Business Economics. Introduction to Operations Management. Financial and Management Accounting. Production and Material Management. Personnel Management and Industrial Relations. Marketing Management. Business Data Processing.

BBA(Bachelor Of Business Administration) Jobs

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Bachelor of Business Administration grooms the students to become Future managers in various areas like Marketing, HR, Finances etc.

Bachelor Of Business Administration Employment Areas

Banks. Business Consultancies. Business Houses. Educational Institutes. Export Companies. Financial Organizations. Industrial Houses. Multinational Companies. Marketing Organizations.

Bachelor of Business Administration Job Types

Business Consultants. Business Administration Researcher. Business Administration Professor. Finance Managers. Human Resource Managers. Information Systems Managers. Production Managers. Management Accountants. Marketing Managers. Research and Development Managers.

Bachelor Of Commerce:B.COM is related totally with Accounts how to manage the general and ledgers In the Firm and what are the ways to improve the financial condition of the firm. Bachelor Of Commerce (B.COM) is the Field which is guides you all over the International rules of managing accounts at any cost in industry. B.COM which is also known as Bachelor Of Commerce is the funds related field and this is mostly relate with banking sector. B.Com holders are doing Jobs In Banks and Investment Bankers is the most topped level and also the auditors are originate through Commerce Background. A Bachelor of Commerce (abbreviated BCom, B.Com., BComm, or B.Comm.) is an undergraduate degree in commerce. The degree is also known as the Bachelor of Commerce and Administration, or BCA.A set of comprehensive courses has been introduced to meet the needs of modern and expanding business environments. The student will have to study the following courses in various semesters in accordance with the Time Tables notified before the start of each semester. The college reserves the right of any suitable change without any prior notice.

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Eligibility For B.COM

Candidates who have passed the Intermediate Examination, preferably in Commerce from any recognized Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education or Diploma in Commerce from the Board of Technical Education, or any other equivalent examination.

B.COM Subjects

Principles of Accounting Introduction to Business Business Mathematics Introduction to Computer Microeconomics Functional English Financial Accounting Business Statistics Computer Application to Business Macroeconomics Money & Banking Sales Tax Islamic Studies Advanced Accounting Business Law Income Tax Law Business Finance Pakistan Studies Accounting for Specialized Institution Industrial Law Business Communication and Report Writing Insurance & Risk Management Cost Accounting Computerized Accounting TQM Islamic Principles of Business & Finance Economy of Pakistan Principles of Auditing Data Base management System Banking Law and Practices Computer Programming International Business Business Management Principles of Marketing Managerial Economics Business Research

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Electronics Commerce Management Accounting Marketing Management Human Resource Management

Career

B.COM Job Types:

Accountant Biometrician Cashier/Teller Data Analyst Data Interpreter Econometrician Epidemiologist Enumerators Research Analyst Research Scholar

Employment Areas For B.COM

Agricultural Research Banks Businesses Commerce Consulting Firms Data Survey Agencies Defence Forces Demographic Studies Economics Education Environment Finance Health Insurance Law

Association Of Chartered Certified Accountants:ACCA Or Association Of Chartered Certified Accountants is the advance Field In Accountancy and ACCA is the best at serving in Accountant and whole setup of accountancy. The ACCA Qualification is a highly-regarded accountancy qualification. In order to become a qualified chartered certified accountant and use the designatory letters “ACCA” after your name you need to complete:

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14 exams (exemption can be claimed in nine exams)Three-years’ relevant practical experience requirementsA Professional Ethics module

ACCA (Association of Chartered Certified Accountants) is the largest and fastest-growing international accountancy body, with over 296,000 students and 115,000 members in 170 countries. More people around the world qualify in-country with ACCA than any other international body. ACCA’s reputation and influence are respected worldwide by employers, government and the profession itself. ACCA has an extensive network of over 80 staffed offices and other centres around the world.

ACCA’s Members, who are known as Chartered Certified Accountants, are employed in industry, financial services, the public sector, or in public practice. With statutory recognition in the UK and Ireland it has the authority to license its members to work as registered auditors. In the UK, it also authorises its members to undertake insolvency work. Outside the UK, ACCA’s are recognised under the EU’s Mutual Recognition Directive and in many countries around the world.

ACCA offers four core qualifications:

A Technician Level qualification provides a comprehensive introduction to accountancy (CAT) A Professional Qualification enabling members to reach the highest level in accountancy (ACCA) A Bachelor of Science in Applied Accounting which is centered on the needs of employers for

practical, professional accounting BSc (Hons) A Masters in Business Administration designed to broaden business understanding and enhance

strategic decision making (MBA)ACCA Subjects

Accountant In Business Management Accounting Financial Accounting Corporate and Business Law Performance Management Taxation Financial Reporting Audit and Assurance Financial Management Professional Accountant Corporate Reporting Business Analysis Advanced Financial Management Advanced Performance Management Advanced Taxation Advanced Audit and Assurance

ACCA Eligibility

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ACCA offers various entry routes, depending on your age and previous academic qualifications.

Minimum Entry Requirements

- 2 passes at GCE A’ Levels and 3 passes at GCSE/GCE O Level in 5 separate subjects, including English and Mathematics

- American Higher School Certificate with atleast 50%Gradutae Entry Route

- Graduation, B.Com, BA, BSc from a recognised UniversityAccess to ACCA via FIA qualification

- No academic qualification required to do FIA

- Complete the Diploma in Accounting and Business through the Foundations in Accountancy route, and you can continue your studies with the Certified Accounting Technician Qualification, or you can transfer onto the ACCA Qualification, miss out the first three exams and continue your studies from the fourth exam (F4 – Corporate and Business Law) onwards.

Removal of Mature Student Entry Route (MSER)

If you would have normally registered on the ACCA Qualification via the Mature Student Entry Route (MSER), you should now register on Foundations in Accountancy. MSER is no longer available.This is because now that we have introduced Foundations in Accountancy, which is open entry and does not require you to have any previous academic qualifications to apply, it is possible for you to enter at any level within Foundations in Accountancy, including the Diploma in Accounting and Business.The exams FAB, FMA and FFA on Foundations in Accountancy are identical to F1, F2 and F3 of the ACCA Qualification. If you would have normally registered on MSER, you are now better placed when you register on Foundations in Accountancy. This is because there is no restriction on the number of exams you take, the order you choose to take them in, or the time you can take to complete FAB, FMA and FFA on Foundations in Accountancy.

Career After ACCA

Finance Managers Financial Controllers Financial Advisers Financial Directors Chief Internal Auditor Cost Controller Chief Accountant

Chartered Accountants:46


Character Accountants were the first accountants to form a professional body, initially established in

Britain in 1854. The Edinburgh Society of Accountants (formed 1854), the Glasgow Institute of

Accountants and Actuaries (1854) and the Aberdeen Society of Accountants (1867) were each

granted a royal charter almost from their inception. The title is an internationally recognised

professional designation. Chartered Accountants work in all fields of business and finance, including

audit, taxation, financial and general management. Some are engaged in public practice work, others

work in the private sector and some are employed by government bodies

Chartered Accountants Institutes require members to undertake a minimum level of continuing professional development to stay professionally competitive. They facilitate special interest groups - lead academic and professional thinking in accountancy. They provide support to members by offering advisory services, technical helplines and technical libraries. They offer opportunities for professional networking and career and business development

CA Chartered Accountancy, Pakistan:CA, Chartered Accountancy is accountancy qualification offered and conducted by ICAP (Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan). Chartered Accountants work for small and big firms that offer fee earning advisory and management services to clients and businesses in the industrial, commercial and non profit sectors. Chartered Accountants audit the accounts of such clients and businesses. They can also be involved in specialist areas of financial advice such as tax etc. They are also employed in banks, commercial organizations, and the private and public sectors.

Chartered Accountancy is a rewarding career and has excellent prospects for employment in audit firms and in local companies, multi-nationals, and local and foreign banks. The profession has stood the test of time, and career opportunities for Chartered Accountants are unfolding as corporations increasingly realize the importance of professional values, ethics and good governance.

Entry Route to CA

Full-Time Scheme:

1. Minimum Requirement: HSC in 45 % (OR) A-Level with minimum two passes2. Pre-Entry Proficiency Test3. Such Students have to Pass Modules A to D of CA. Then complete training for 3 years. Then

pass Module E & F of CA to become CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT

OR

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Trainee Scheme:

1. Minimum Requirement: Graduation in 2nd Division (OR) Master in 2nd Division, (OR) ACCA, (OR) CIMA (OR) ICMAP

2. Pre-Entry Proficiency Test3. Such Students have to pass Modules A to F of CA. and then complete training for 3 years, to

become CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT.

Subject in CA Program

FOUNDATION

Module APaper A1 Functional English Paper A 2 Quantitative Methods

Module BPaper B 3 Introduction to Economics and Finance Paper B 4 Introduction to Financial Accounting Paper B 5 Mercantile Law

INTERMEDIATE

Module CPaper C 6 Financial Accounting Paper C 7 TaxationPaper C 8 Business Communication and Behavioural Studies

Module DPaper D 9 Company Law Paper D 10 Cost Accounting Paper D 11 Auditing Paper D 12 Information Technology

FINAL

Module EPaper E 13 Information Technology Management, Audit and ControlPaper E 14 Advanced Accounting & Financial Reporting Paper E 15 Corporate LawsPaper E 16 Business Management

Module FPaper F 17 Management Accounting Paper F 18 Business Finance Decision Paper F 19 Advanced TaxationPaper F 20 Advanced Auditing

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FEE STRUCTURE

SCHEDULE OF FEE FOR 2010-11

S. No Fee Description (Rupees) 1. Registration Fee Full Time Students (FTS) 7,500 2 Registration Fee Trainee Students 10,0003. Training Contract Amendment Fee 1,0004. Trainee Student Certificate Fee 5005. Duplicate Copies of Completion Certificate 2006. Transfer Fee for Trainee Student 8,0007. Registration as a new Training Organization 20,0008. Opening of each new Training Office 11,000 9. RAET Application Fee 5,20010. Induction of New RAET 100,00011. RAET Annual Registration Fee 105,00012. RAET Appraisal Fee 52,500

Courses After 12th Arts,Humanities:Students are also divided in to segment according to their interests in the field liked by the students. Arts students are mostly interest in Design, Architecture and Painting. Here is the list which is specially designed for the students who successfully completed their FA with Arts and Humanities.

Courses After 12th FA,Arts,Humanities: BFA in Graphic Designing B.Arch in Architecture BFA in Textile Design BFA in Painting BFA Graphic Design BFA Textile Design BFA Painting B. Arch

Students are also divided in to segment according to their interests in the field liked by the students. Arts students are mostly interest in Design, Architecture and Painting. Here is the list which is specially designed for the students who successfully completed their FA with Arts and Humanities.

Bachelor Of Design:Bachelor Of Design which is abbreviated as B.D or B.Des is the familiar field included Interior Designing, Fashion designing and Web Designing. Bachelor Of Design(B.D) related with Designing information and Subjects which is mostly studied Bachelor Of Design. In Design is the process of

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http://ilm.com.pk/courses/arts/b-arch/

http://ilm.com.pk/courses/fashion-courses/textile-design/

http://ilm.com.pk/courses/arts/b-d/

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http://ilm.com.pk/courses/arts/b-d/


creating or executing a work or plan in an artistic or highly skilled manner. A Design can be a shape, a configuration or a pattern. Bachelor of Design is an Undergraduate Academic Degree, awarded for a course or a program in the field of Design. It is abbreviated as B.Des. or B.D. which stands for Bachelor of Design or Bachelor in Design. When we speak of Design, the first thought that comes into our minds is that of Fashion Designing. In fact, Fashion Designing is a specialization in B.Des. Designing is a vast field and its application involves a multitude of mediums, some of which are – Infrastructure Interior, Graphics, Textiles, Websites, Games etc. B.Des. course equips the students with the latest in the Design world. Apart from Theory classes, the course curriculum includes Workshops, Exhibitions, Fashion Shows, Seminars etc.Duration – Duration of B.Des. is 4 years consisting of a number of semesters, which are mostly 8 in number.

B.D Eligibility

Bachelor in Design requires a candidate to have cleared 10+2 in any stream from a Government recognized Board.

Percentage requirement varies from Institute to Institute. Mostly it is between 45% – 55%. Some Institutes also conduct Entrance Test for Admission. Example NIFT (National Institute of

Fashion Technology).B.D Course Structure

Various Institutes have their own Course Structure. But most follow it in the following manner:

1. Foundation Course – The Foundation Course is of 1 year.

2. Specialization – After the Foundation Course students can opt for any one specialization, provided by their respective Institutes.

Bachelor Of Design Subjects

Bachelor of Design Subjects vary according to one’s chosen field of Specialization.

Foundation Course Subjects / Topics

Drawing. Colour. Basic Design. Workshop. History of Art.

Note : These Subjects / Topics may vary from Institute to Institute.

Bachelor Of Design Specialisations

Accessory Design. Architecture. Ceramic Design.

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Fashion Design. Game Design. Graphic Design. Industrial Design. Interior Design. Leather Design. Jewellery & Metalsmithing. Knitwear Design. Multimedia Design. Textile Design.

Advantages or Benefits of Bachelor of Design Degree

B.Des can offer a fulfilling professional future and enable one to face the challenges in fast changing global scenario.

Since it is a field of skill, it equips the youth for a career, nationally and internationally. The Course not only provides lucrative self-employment opportunities but it also generates jobs for

others. One can also go for a higher degree, like M.Des.

Bachelor Of Design Jobs

Designing is the core requirement of today’s dazzling visual rich world. As consumers we all like to buy things that have aesthetic value. For creating and marketing products which have aesthetic value, the services of skilled people is required. To fulfil the demand, B.Des graduates are the most suited.

B.D Employment Areas

Homes. Offices. Hotels. Restaurants. Departmental Stores. Banks. Hospitals. Boutiques. Furniture-Manufacturing Units & Accessories. Fashion Marketing. Design Production Management. Fashion Media. Quality Control.

B.D Job Types

Colourists. Costume Designers. Design Managers.

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Entrepreneurs. Fashion Forecasters. Fashion Merchandisers. Fashion Stylists. Textile Designers. Weaving Consultants. Teachers. Illustrator. Cutting Assistant. Outside Sales Representative. Graphic Designer

Bachelor Of Architecture:Architecture is the popular Field and now education in this field is being tough job to seek and getting in to piratical for the sake of get success in this field. Bachelor Of Architecture is also the step in this field from many years in Pakistan. This content is related With the brief intro of Architecture field and Scope of Architecture in Pakistan. Architecture is a field which is involved with the design and construction of buildings in their sociological, technical and environmental contexts. Bachelor of Architecture is an Undergraduate Academic Degree awarded for a course or program in the field of Architecture. The duration of Bachelor of Architecture degree spans over a period of 5 years. The curriculum is structured for 5 years and is divided into 2 stages. The 1st stage consists of 3 years of full time study followed by practical training in professional offices or at construction sites for 20 weeks. The 2nd stage consists of full time study for one and a half year, whereby each student is required to write a research based dissertation, prepare for a seminar and present a design thesis along with the advanced level of compulsory and elective theory courses. The apprenticeship (generally for one semester) has to be done under a practising architect. It is also known as B.Arch. which is an abbreviated form of the Architecture Degree. Bachelor of Architecture Course provides a high level of contextual excellence in architectural design. Both theory and studio exercises are viewed as the core of the programme with crucial inputs being provided by experts specializing in the fields of arts, humanities, engineering and technology, and professional practice of architecture. Students acquire multi-disciplinary enabling skills related to space, construction environments and aesthetics. They also acquire skills which include drawing, architectural presentation, research and writing, computer applications, technical and managerial aptitudes in problem definition and solution seeking.

B.Arch Eligibility

Candidates with 50-55% marks (Science) in their 12th standard examination are eligible to apply for the course. Students with excellent drawing abilities, clarity of thought, creativity, strong aesthetic sense and social awareness are likely to get through. Private institutes conduct their own entrance

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exams. Various Universities and states also conduct separate entrance exams for admission to their architecture colleges.

Bachelor Of Architecture Subjects

Mathematics. CADD. History of Architecture. Interior Design. Urban Economics and Sociology.

Bachelor Of Architecture Specialisations

Green Architecture. Landscape Architecture. Museum Architecture. Naval Architecture. Theatre Architecture.

Advantages or Benefits Of Bachelor Of Architecture Degree

Architecture is increasingly being recognised as as one of the top intellectual disciplines, an art form, and a technical profession intimately linked with the single largest sector of investment in the economy.

Architects are always required to design and execute building projects and resolve other issues related to the man-made environment in a variety of settings.

In the current scenario there is a need to utilise building space in the best possible way without wasting any space. This requires the expert services of Architects.

Architecture is a profession which showcases one’s artistic talent. It is a perfect platform for those who want fame and name as it gives both.

Bachelor Of Arts Jobs

As demand for commercial space increases, there is a need for non residential construction. In recent years, some architecture firms have outsourced the drafting of construction documents and basic design for large-scale commercial and residential projects to architecture firms overseas. These factors make Architecture a lucrative job.

B.Arch Employment Areas

1. Public Works Department (PWD).2. Department of Railways.3. Department of Post and Telegraph.4. National Building Organization.5. Town and Country Planning Organization.6. National Institutes of Urban Affairs.7. Housing and Urban Development Corporations.

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8. Architecture and Building Development Firms.9. Private Construction Organizations.

B.Arch Job Types

1. Architectural Technician.2. Architectural theoretician.3. Architectural conservator.4. Architectural engineer.5. Architectural technologist.6. Architecture Professor.7. Architecture Critic.8. Architecture Photographer.9. Building Control Officer.10. Building inspector.

Textile Design:This field is a hot topic now a days and Textile Design is closely related With the Textile Fashion and the printed Phases on the Fabrics. Textile Design is basically concerns with the technical understanding Of the Yarn and the modes Of Working Of Fiber at Industrial Sector. Textile Design is a field which is involved in the process of creating designs for knitted, woven or printed fabrics. Textile design is an integral part of fashion industry. Textile design comprises both surface design and structural design. Designs for both woven and printed textiles often begin with a drawing or water colour sketch of the finished design. Textile designers visualize a finished textile and look after the technical aspects of production and the properties of fiber, yarn, and dyes. They usually handle embroidery designs, print, weave, colour detailing and texture. Traditionally, drawings of woven textile patterns were translated onto special forms of graph paper called point papers which were used by the weavers in setting up their looms. Today, most professional textile designers use some form of computer-aided design software created expressly for this purpose. With fashion trends changing almost everyday the need for newer designs becomes imperative for the apparel or fashion industry. The textile designers always work in tandem with fashion designers and complement each other. Textile designers work within and alongside industries such as fashion, interior design and textiles.

Textile Design Specialized Fields

Interiors ( home furnishing ) Fabrics for garments and accessories

Content/Subjects Of Textile Design

The study of Textile Design includes all or few of these –

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Introduction to design principles Design elements and principles Textile electronics and CAD Textile dying and pattern making Practical

Objectives Of Textile Design

To make innovative, ethnic and contemporary designs available to the textile sector To give young designers, the exposure to exporters, international buyers, design houses in order to

get a better price for their designs through design trends and forecasts To give the weavers & workers better exposure to the markets so as to enable them to have better

livelihood and more sustainable development.Textile Design Job Types

1. Furnishing designers2. Entrepreneurs3. Home stylists4. Design coordinators5. Freelance designers6. Colourists7. Repeat artists8. Marketing professionals9. Technical professionals10. Textile Design Assistant11. Director of Design12. Design consultant13. Faculty14. Merchandising assistant15. Designer cum manager16. Embroidery designers17. Dying & printing consultant18. Fabric analyser19. Textile lab manager20. Fabric resource manager

Textile Design Employment Areas

Retail / Stores Merchandising firms Maintenance and cleaning companies Fashion houses Apparel manufacturers Dying & printing factories Textile laboratory Research and development firms

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Fabric export houses Textile design educational institutes

Textile Design

This field is a hot topic now a days and Textile Design is closely related With the Textile Fashion and the printed Phases on the Fabrics. Textile Design is basically concerns with the technical understanding Of the Yarn and the modes Of Working Of Fiber at Industrial Sector. Textile Design is a field which is involved in the process of creating designs for knitted, woven or printed fabrics. Textile design is an integral part of fashion industry. Textile design comprises both surface design and structural design. Designs for both woven and printed textiles often begin with a drawing or water colour sketch of the finished design. Textile designers visualize a finished textile and look after the technical aspects of production and the properties of fiber, yarn, and dyes. They usually handle embroidery designs, print, weave, colour detailing and texture. Traditionally, drawings of woven textile patterns were translated onto special forms of graph paper called point papers which were used by the weavers in setting up their looms. Today, most professional textile designers use some form of computer-aided design software created expressly for this purpose. With fashion trends changing almost everyday the need for newer designs becomes imperative for the apparel or fashion industry. The textile designers always work in tandem with fashion designers and complement each other. Textile designers work within and alongside industries such as fashion, interior design and textiles.

Textile Design Specialized Fields

Interiors ( home furnishing ) Fabrics for garments and accessories

Content/Subjects Of Textile Design

The study of Textile Design includes all or few of these –

Introduction to design principles Design elements and principles Textile electronics and CAD Textile dying and pattern making Practical

Objectives Of Textile Design

To make innovative, ethnic and contemporary designs available to the textile sector To give young designers, the exposure to exporters, international buyers, design houses in order to

get a better price for their designs through design trends and forecasts To give the weavers & workers better exposure to the markets so as to enable them to have better

livelihood and more sustainable development.Textile Design Job Types

1. Furnishing designers

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2. Entrepreneurs3. Home stylists4. Design coordinators5. Freelance designers6. Colourists7. Repeat artists8. Marketing professionals9. Technical professionals10. Textile Design Assistant11. Director of Design12. Design consultant13. Faculty14. Merchandising assistant15. Designer cum manager16. Embroidery designers17. Dying & printing consultant18. Fabric analyser19. Textile lab manager20. Fabric resource manager

Textile Design Employment Areas

Retail / Stores Merchandising firms Maintenance and cleaning companies Fashion houses Apparel manufacturers Dying & printing factories Textile laboratory Research and development firms Fabric export houses Textile design educational institutes

Courses After 12th Computer Science:Computer Science in this Technological Environment is the most alive field in these days. Courses offers you after doing your Inter In Computer Science(ICS) are listed below which is having the scope in Pakistan. Courses After doing 12th Class In Computer Science(ICS)is completely Professionals and Courses After 12th Computer Science are here.

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Courses After 12th Computer Science:Bachelor In Computer Science(BSC)

Bachelor In Computer Engineering(BSC)

Bachelor of Computer Science:

The Bachelor of Computer Science, (abbreviated BCompSc or BCS), is a type of bachelor's degree, usually awarded after four or more calendar years of collegiate study in computer science, but can be awarded in fewer years depending on factors such as an institution's course requirements and academic calendar. In general, Computer Science degree programs emphasize the mathematical and theoretical foundations of computing, rather than teaching specific technologies that may quickly become outdated.

A Bachelor of Computer Science degree is normally required in order to work in the field of software development.

The same core curriculum may, depending on the school, result in other degrees, including:

Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Computer Science

Bachelor of Applied Science (BASc) in Computer Science

Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)

Bachelor of Mathematics in Computer Science

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BScIT)

Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) in Computer Science

Bachelor of Science in Engineering (Computer Science) - BSE (CS)

Bachelor of Computer Security in Computer Science

Bachelor of Computing in Computer Science

Bachelor of Science (BSc or BS) in Computer Science (BSc CS or BSCS or BSc (Comp))

In many post-secondary institutions, an Honours Bachelor of Computer Science degree has been introduced as an upgrade to the regular Bachelor's program and usually requires at least one additional year of studies.

Bachelor of Software Engineering:

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A Bachelor of Software Engineering (B.SE.) is an undergraduate academic degree (bachelor's degree awarded for completing a program of study in the field of software development for computers in information technology.

"Software Engineering is the systematic development and application of techniques which lead to the creation of correct and reliable computer software

The course syllabus of software engineering has been heavily debated and still is. Institutions will often offer slightly differing course structures, many may have a stronger focus on mathematical foundations for example.

Students of a four year software engineering course will typically have a similar first year of study as students of Computer Science, including classes such as:

Computer Programming Program design Computer Systems analysis Fundamentals of Hardware Networking Computer Architecture

The first year is designed to build up a solid base of knowledge essential to any computing degree. The following years offer students more flexibility, allowing them to choose their classes from a range of related subjects. It is only in the later years that the course really differs from other Computer Science degrees. Students usually take a work placement between years 3 and 4, greatly expanding their skills and allowing them an insight into the current industry.

In following years a software engineering student will often have a much stronger focus on Software systems and data management. The inclusion of human factors in a software engineering degree has been heavily debated, arguing that products of software engineers often are too difficult to use by consumers.

Bachelor of Studies BS in Pakistan:

B.S (Hons) Programs in Pakistan:University of Karachi initated the 4 years B.S. (Hons) Programme in 2007 to replace the 3 year honours programme. Masters Programmes have been abolished in departments where the B.S programme was initiated two years back. Candidates holding B.A. / B.Sc. / B.Com (pass) degree can get admission in B.S third year in these departments instead of masters programmes and after successful completion of 2 years of study, B.S degree will be awarded to these candidates.

This B.S degree will be equal to the Masters degree under the previous system. Admission to M.Sc will be offered only in departments that have no B.S programme or where the B.S programme will be

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initiated in 2009. Most of the universities in Pakistan are offering B.S. (Hons) programmes in the following discipline/departments:

Arabic Bengali Commerce Economics Education English General History International Relations Islamic History Mass Communication Persian Philosophy Political Science Psychology Urdu Women Studies Sindhi Sociology Social Work Special Education Applied chemistry Bio-Chemistry Botany Chemistry Geography Geology Mathematics Microbiology Physics Physics Statistics Zoology Electric Engineering Computer Engineering Biomedical Engineering Telecommunication Engineering Civil Engineering Computer Science Fashion Design Fashion Marketing & Merchandising Textile Design Gems & Jewelry

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Furniture Design & Manufacturing Architecture Fine Arts Design Agriculture Library Science Information Technology Software Engineering Mathematics Accounting & Finance Business Administration Public administration Mass Communication Geophysics ETM Computing History Environmental Science

EligibilityGraduation (B.A / B.Sc / B.Com) or equivalent with 45 % aggregate marks from any recognized University or college. Following Universities Start B.S program initiallyUniversity of KarachiPunjab University

Mass communication:

Mass communication is the term used to describe the academic study of the various means by which

individuals and entities relay information through mass media to large segments of the population at

the same time. It is usually understood to relate to newspaper

and magazine publishing, radio, television and film, as these are used both for

disseminating news and for advertising.

Mass communication research includes media institutions and processes such as diffusion of information, and media effects such as persuasion or manipulation of public opinion. In the United States, for instance, several university departments were remodeled into schools or colleges of mass communication or "journalism and mass communication".

In addition to studying practical skills of journalism, public relations or advertising, they offer programs on "mass communication" or "mass communication research." The latter is often the title

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given to doctoral studies in such schools, whether the focus of the student's research is journalism practice, history, law or media effects. Departmental structures within such colleges may separate research and instruction in professional or technical aspects of mass communication.

With the increased role of the Internet in delivering news and information, mass communication studies and media organizations tend to focus on the convergence of publishing, broadcasting and digital communication. The academic mass communication discipline historically differs from media studies and communication studies programs with roots in departments of theatre, film or speech, and with more interest in "qualitative", interpretive theory, critical or cultural approaches to communication study. In contrast, many mass communication programs historically lean toward empirical analysis and quantitative research — from statistical content analysis of media messages to survey research, public opinion polling, and experimental research.

Although national standards for the study of interactive media have been present in the United Kingdom since the mid-nineties, course work in these areas tends to vary significantly from university to university. Graduates of Mass Communication programs work in a variety of fields in traditional news media and publishing, advertising, public relations and research institutes. Such programs are accredited by the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

International relations:

'International Relations' (I.R.) (occasionally referred to as international studies, (I.S.) although the

two terms are not perfectly synonymous) is the study of relationships between countries, including

the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), international nongovernmental

organizations (INGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and multinational

corporations(MNCs). It is both an academic and public policy field, and can be

either positive or normative as it both seeks to analyze as well as formulate the foreign policy of

particular states. It is often considered a branch of political science (especially after 1988 UNESCO

nomenclature), but an important sector of academia prefer to treat it as an interdisciplinary field of

study. Aspects of international relations have been studied for thousands of years, since the time

of Thucydides, but IR became a separate and definable discipline in the early 20th century

Apart from political science, IR draws upon such diverse fields as economics, history, international

law, philosophy, geography, social work, sociology, anthropology, criminology, psychology, gender

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studies, and cultural studies / culturology. It involves a diverse range of issues including but not

limited to: globalization, state sovereignty, international security, ecological sustainability, nuclear

proliferation, nationalism, economic development, global finance, terrorism, organized crime,human

security, foreign interventionism and human rights.

Details of nomination against reserved Engineering seats for

the students of Gilgit Baltistan

The students of Gilgit Baltistan are given opportunities to study Engineering in different public sector universities in all provinces of Pakistan by allocating them reserved seats. Nomination against these reserved seats is done by Department of Education Gilgit Baltistan. Desirous students are supposed to submit their application forms for nomination in Directorate of Education Gilgit Baltistan within 15 days of the announcement of HSSC results. The candidates are informed through newspapers, Radio Pakistan Gilgit and Skardu. On conclusion of entry tests by the provinces, the advertisements are re-broadcasted. The time for submission of application forms is closed during October and November.

Eligibilty of Candidates for Engineering Seats

a. Candidates who have passed F.Sc (pre- engineering) or equivalent from any recognized Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (60% marks in F.Sc. or equivalent for Punjab, NWFP and Sindh) and possess Gilgit Baltistan domicile and have passed prescribed Entry Test by any province including AJK are eligible for nomination against reserved quota seats in the engineering group.

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b. Candidates who have wasted any reserved seat having been previously nominated will be termed disqualified for one term to apply for re-nomination in accordance with the nomination policy.

c. Candidates passing Entry Test from any province are eligible to apply for seats all over the country i.e Punjab, NWFP, UET Mirpure AJ&K and NED Engineering College of Technology Karachi.

Weightage for Determintion of Merit Ser. Province FSc ET SSC A NWFP 50% 40% 10% B NED Karachi(Sind) 50% 40% 10% C Punjab 70% 30% --

D A.J.K(UET Mirpur) 50% 40% 10%

DETERMINATION OF MERIT

a. Determination of merit is worked out as per the weightage formula of respective province/Institute, a candidate has passed the Entry Test.

b. 10 marks are deducted in case of improvement in F.Sc Examination.

c. 10 marks for each year are deducted in case of gap. ie submitting the case for nomination late.

d. 20 marks are awarded in case of Hafiz Quran, subject to verification of the same by the Nomination Board.

Methods Regarding Allocation of Seats

a- Candidates have been asked to indicate their choices of courses as well as Institutions in order of preference in their Application Forms.

b- The candidate who stands at top merit is entitled to avail his Ist. choice of course and Institution first.

c- The candidates next on merit are selected as per their choices in turn.

d- 50 % Seats are allocated to Districts on quota basis and 50 % seats are thrown open on general merit among all the candidates of Gilgit Baltistan. But Institutions and discipline are allocated on over all Gilgit Baltistan merit basis.

e- If a seat falls vacant, the next on merit of the same district will be selected for nomination.

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f- In case of equal merit, higher age may be given preference.

g- In case of both equal (merit and age,) higher marks in SSC will be given preference.

J- Leftover / vacated seats on regional quota are utilized within the districts of the respective region first. In case no candidate is eligible on the respective merit of the region the leftover seat will be transferred to the next region.

(a) Region –I Gilgit, Ghizer

(b) Region –II Skardu, Ghanche.

(c) Region –III Diamer, Astore.

Details of nomination against reserved medical seats for the

students of GilgitBaltistanThe students of GilgitBaltistan are given opportunities to study MBBS/BDS in different public sector medical colleges in all provinces of Pakistan by allocating them reserved seats. Nomination against these reserved seats is done by Department of Education GilgitBaltistan. Desirous students are supposed to submit their application forms for nomination in Directorate of Education GilgitBaltistan within 15 days of the announcement of HSSC results. The candidates are informed through newspapers, Radio Pakistan Gilgit and Skardu. On conclusion of entry tests by the provinces, the advertisements are re-broadcasted. The time for submission of application forms is closed during October and November.Surety Bond/UndertakingSurety bond/undertaking worth Rs.5,00,000/- (Five Lac) shall be obtained from the selected candidates against MBBS/BDS reserved seats for GilgitBaltistan to the effect that they will serve Northern Areas for 05 years or pay back the expenditure to Government of Pakistan incurred on their education. PROVINCE/INSTITUTION WISE WEIGHTAGE FOR DETERMINATION OF MBBS/BDS MERIT.

Ser. Provincial Center F.Sc Entry

Test SSC

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A Punjab 70% 30% -B KPK 40% 50% 10%

Determination of Merit • Determination of merit is worked out as per the weightage formulae of respective province/

Institution, a candidate has passed the Entry Test from.• 10 marks are deducted in case of improvement in F.Sc or equivalent.• 10 marks for each year are deducted on gap.• 20 marks are awarded in case of Hafiz Quran.

Eligibilty of Candidates for Medical Seats • Candidates who have passed F.Sc (pre medical) or equivalent from any recognized Board of

Intermediate and Secondary Education (65% unadjusted marks for Punjab and 60% unadjusted for KPK) and possesGilgitBaltistan Domicile and have passed prescribed Entry Test from Punjab and KPK shall be eligible for nomination against reserved quota seats in MBBS/BDS

• Candidates passing Entry Test from Punjab are eligible to apply for MBBS/BDS seats in the Punjab,Sindh, and Baluchistan..

• Candidates passing Entry Test from KPK are eligible to apply for MBBS,/BDS seats in KPK, Sindh and Baluchistan. .

• Candidates passing Entry Test from KPK, Sindh and Baluchistan are not eligible for MBBS/BDS seats in Punjab.

• Candidates who have wasted any reserved seat having been previously nominated will be termed disqualified for one term to apply for re-nomination in accordance with the nomination policy.

Submission of results to nomination Boardafter the announcement of entry test results by different provinces the candidates are required to submit the results to the nomination board alongwith the application form mentioning their priority list.

Gilgit -Baltistan Nomination Board

S.No. Board Composition Designation1 The Chief Minister Gilgit-Baltistan. Chairman2 The Chief Secretary Gilgit-Baltistan Member3 The Minister for Education Gilgit-Baltistan Member4 The Secretary Education Gilgit-Baltistan Member5 The Secretary Works NAPWD Member6 The Director FMCC Gilgit-Baltistan Member7 The Director Health Services Gilgit-Baltistan Member8 Rep. of KA & GB Division Islamabad Member

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9 The Director Education (Colleges) Gilgit-Baltistan Secretary

s.no. Name of Medical College No. of Seats

1 King Edward Medical University Lahore 08

2 AllamaIqbal Medical College Lahore. 08

3 Services Institute Medical Sciences Lahore 03

4 Rawalpindi Medical College Rawalpindi 09

5 Punjab Medical College Faisalabad. 02

6 Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur. 18

7 Bolan Medical College Quetta 01

8 Khyber Medical University Peshawar. 01

09 Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. 06

10 Fatima Jinnah Medical College Lahore(Female only) 12

11 Nishter Medical College Multan. 01

12 Chandka Medical College Larkana. 01 ( seat is rotation basis between FATA and GB)

13 Sheikh Azyyed Medical College Rahimyar Khan 02

14 De-Moantmorancy College Lahore(BDS) 03

15 Nishter Medical College Multan(BDS) 02

Total 78

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