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1 In our latest World in 2050 report we predict that the global economic power shift away from the established advanced economies in North America, Western Europe and Japan will continue over the next 35 years. China has already overtaken the US in 2014 to become the largest economy in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. In market exchange rate (MER) terms, we project China to overtake the US in 2028 despite its projected growth slowdown. India has the potential to become the second largest economy in the world by 2050 in PPP terms (third in MER terms), although this requires a sustained programme of structural reform. We project new emerging economies like Mexico and Indonesia to be larger than the UK and France by 2030 (in PPP terms) while Turkey could become larger than Italy. Nigeria and Vietnam could be the fast growing large economies over the period to 2050. Colombia, Poland and Malaysia all possess great potential for sustainable longterm growth in the coming decades according to our country experts. At the same time, recent experience has reemphasised that relatively rapid growth is not guaranteed for emerging economies, as indicated by recent problems in Russia and Brazil, for example. It requires sustained and effective investment in infrastructure and improving political, economic, legal and social institutions. It also requires remaining open to the free flow of technology, ideas and talented people that are key drivers of economic catchup growth. We think that overdependence on natural resources could also impede long term growth in some countries (e.g. Russia, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia) unless they can diversify their economies. C/W Qu: Will the future be Uni, Bi or Multi polar? Aim: To be able to discuss a range of potential scenarios for changes in the world power and economies over the next 20–30 years. 27/11/17 Starter: Complete the gap fill to start thinking about possible superpower futures. What seem to be some of the criteria or barriers to growth in the 21st Century source Price Waterhouse Coopers 2015 https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/theeconomy/assets/worldin2050february2015.pdf Russia sustainable overdependence potential open UK diversify power political slowdown

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In our latest World in 2050 report we predict that the global economic power shift away from the established advanced economies in North America, Western Europe and Japan will continue over the next 35 years. China has already overtaken the US in 2014 to become the largest economy in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. In market exchange rate (MER) terms, we project China to overtake the US in 2028 despite its projected growth slowdown. 

India has the potential to become the second largest economy in the world by 2050 in PPP terms (third in MER terms), although this requires a sustained programme of structural reform. We project new emerging economies like Mexico and Indonesia to be larger than the UK and France by 2030  (in PPP terms) while Turkey could become larger than Italy. Nigeria and Vietnam could be the fast growing large economies over the period to 2050. Colombia, Poland and Malaysia all possess great potential for sustainable long­term growth in the coming decades according to our country experts.

At the same time, recent experience has re­emphasised that relatively rapid growth is not guaranteed for emerging economies, as indicated by recent problems in Russia and Brazil, for example. It requires sustained and effective investment in infrastructure and improving political, economic, legal and social institutions. It also requires remaining open to the free flow of technology, ideas and talented people that are key drivers of economic catch­up growth. We think that overdependence on natural resources could also impede long term growth in some countries (e.g. Russia, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia) unless they can diversify their economies.

C/W ­ Qu: Will the future be Uni, Bi or Multi polar?­ Aim: To be able to discuss a range of potential scenarios for changes in the         world power and economies over the next 20–30 years. 

27/11/17

­ Starter: Complete the gap fill to start thinking about possible superpower futures.                ­ What seem to be some of the criteria or barriers to growth in the 21st Century

source ­ Price Waterhouse Coopers 2015 https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/the­economy/assets/world­in­2050­february­2015.pdf

Russia sustainable overdependence potential  openUK diversify power political slowdown

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ContextThe global pattern of power is changing. However, it is very difficult to predict how it will change due to the number of variables and unknowns therefore the future balance of global power in 2030 and 2050 is uncertain. There are a range of possible scenarios, such as continued US dominance, a bi­polar world, with the US and China as the key superpowers, or a multi­polar future, with a number of nations and organisations exerting considerable influence across the world . 

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Are you a trend spotter?Task:

One pack. 4 Data sets. What trends/significant changes do you notice? 

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Trends: 2017­2050Class review post group work

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1. Gap between China, India, the USA and the     rest of the world will widen

In 2014, the third biggest economy in PPP terms (India) is around 50% larger than the fourth biggest economy (Japan). In 2050, the third biggest economy in PPP terms (the US) is projected to be approximately 240% larger than the fourth bigges t economy (Indonesia).

vs

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2. Rapid rise of certain countries is striking:     ­ Indonesia and Nigeria

Indonesia rises from 9th in 2014 to 4th in 2050, and Nigeria rises from 20th in 2014 to 9th in 2050

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3. Average income still much higher in current     HICs. This gap will take longer to close.

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Follow up tasks1. What are the key trends in the data set?

2. Why is GDP per capita data so different to     GDP PPP data?

3. What does this tell us about the     superpower status of the USA and EU in     the future?Extension

What are the ifs and buts here

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`

Future economic projections

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Warning!

Amazing video alert...

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https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2017­01­20/mahbubani­moving­to­multi­polar­world­power

So where does this leave us in terms of future superpowers?

Mahbubani: Moving to 'Multi­Polar' World PowerBloomberg SurveillanceJanuary 20th, 2017, 11:33 AM GMT Lee Kuan Yew School Dean Kishore Mahbubani discusses the U.S. "pivot to Asia," the prospect of a U.S.­China trade war, and the move to a "multi­polar" world with multiple powers. He speaks from the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland on "Bloomberg Surveillance." (Source: Bloombe

Watch 5:43 ­ 8:00`

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Links between that video and other points we've made in this (and other) 

units

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Here’s a sentence you probably never expected to read. Donald Trump and Barack Obama broadly agree on something: America can no longer afford to police the world on behalf of its allies.

Over the weekend the New York Times published the transcript of an interview it held with the Republican front runner on his foreign policy. Some choice quotes from Trump: “Well, you know, at some point, there is going to be a point at which we just can’t do this anymore. And, I know the upsides and the downsides. But right now we’re protecting, we’re basically protecting Japan, and we are, every time North Korea raises its head, you know, we get calls from Japan and we get calls from everybody else, and 'Do something.' And there’ll be a point at which we’re just not going to be able to do it anymore.”

And this: “Nato is obsolete … I’ll tell you the problems I have with Nato. No. 1, we pay far too much. We are spending — you know, in fact, they’re even making it so the percentages are greater. NATO is unfair, economically, to us, to the United States. Because it really helps them more so than the United States, and we pay a disproportionate share.”

Multi polar is a good thing as the USA no longer has to be the global police =

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http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/video/donald­trump­promises­bring­back­coal­steel­jobs­44869605

Stop telling lies =

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Kondratiev Cycle= Long term global economic cyclesThe next wave of economic growth will focus on investments in green technology, biotechnology and nano­technology. 

If the UK  continues to invest in these areas and can control global trade of these products then power and world status will be renewed in the West.

West has the best Unis, expertise, think tanks...so must Diversify, change and adapt

=

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Revision notesRead the following double sided handout and take notes to meet this line of the spec:

1. Why is the future uncertain?2. What would different scenarios look like:    a.) Uni­polar future (USA...or China!)    b.) Bi­polar future (USA and China)    c.) Multi­polar future (USA, China, EU, India...)

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Plenary: What do these three images represent?

The global pattern of power is changing. However, it is very difficult to predict how it will change due to the number of variables and unknowns therefore the future balance of global power in 2030 and 2050 is uncertain. There are a range of possible scenarios, such as continued US dominance, a bi­polar world, with the US and China as the key superpowers, or a multi­polar future, with a number of nations and organisations exerting considerable influence across the world . 

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HW 18. Hard and Soft Power

12 Mark Exam QuestionYou would spend about 15 minutes on this in the exam

Top tips• The command here is 'Assess the extent to which'. This means you need to 

offer different points of view and come to an informed judgment at the end.• Use named examples to illustrate your points (consider the South China Sea 

vs the Beijing Olympics for example)• The focus of the question is emerging countries extending their global 

influence so don't waffle on about the USA and EU unless it is in the context of what emerging powers need to do. Your points must also address how hard and soft power help them extend their influence e.g. you must not just write about China's economic growth, growing military or membership of BRICS in isolation. What are the impacts of these things?

• Balance is needed between hard and soft power. An answer that is 75% about hard power and neglects discussion of soft power will not create a strong enough argument.

• You may wish to briefly define or at least differentiate between hard and soft power.

• On the next two slides are the examiners suggested content. This is not exhaustive e.g. you can (and should) make other points than those simply listed there. I have included them simply to give you an idea of the sort of things you could discuss.

• PEEL: Point, evidence, explain, link• LINK: It is vital that when you have made a point, you explain the significance 

of it in relation to the question. One of the easiest ways to do this, and to ensure your answer stays on track, is to use language from the question in your answer e.g. 'This shows that' ' This illustrates that/how', 'Therefore it is clear that...'

• Consider how the experience and growth of emerging powers is different to existing/past powers. Do hard and soft power play the same role now? 

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http://scottwebsterministries.org/article/a­multi­polar­world