Abhinav YadavDPT MSPTCSCS CPT Utica College

To learn about the new emerging concept of Sarcopenic Obesity (SO) and its relevance to increasing epidemic of diabetes.

(Mathus-Vliegen, 2012, p-533)

(Wild, Sicree, Roglic, King & Green, 2004, p-1047)

(Wild et al., 2004,Figure 2, p-1050)

(Diabetes report card-2014, CDC, 2014, p-1)

(Marcell, 2008) (Gomez-Cabello et al., 2011)

Prevalence of sarcopenia was 12% in males and 11.9% in females.

Among those who had sarcopenia, obesity was observed in 68.3% males and 65.0%.

There is an increased risk of developing sarcopenia if one already has type-II diabetes.

(Ryu, Jo, Lee, Chung, Kim & Baek, 2013, p-251)

(Kim et al., 2010)

With increasing and alarming rates of urbanization and population getting older, the prevalence of diabetes will continue to rise.

The human and economic costs of diabetic epidemic will be enormous, as this will lead to increments in cardiovascular diseases as well.

(Wild et al., 2004)

The main problem is addressing both fat mass decrement and muscle mass increment simultaneously.

Traditional methods of reducing weight may have detrimental effects as they tend to reduce the muscle mass as well.

(Wood & O’Neil, 2014)

Dr. Unni Karnakara , retired international president MSF (Medicine san frontiers)

25 years ago, after passing out from medical school, explored northern part of India, from Delhi to Srinagar on bicycle

Covering over 1000 miles

In September 2013, he was set to retire from MSF, was stuck in a desk job for last 5 years, with too much travel and too little physical activity.

Decided to fulfill his dream of covering India on bicycle, generate some awareness and funds for MSF India programs.

Plans to cover 3800 miles on bicycle.

To manage SO, the approach has to be a combination of exercise and diet, which can increase the muscle mass and at the same time works to reduce the fat levels

A regular protein intake in addition to exercise can help to increase muscle mass and achieve reduction of fat.

(Wood & O’Neil, 2014)

(Li & Heber, 2011)

The rate of muscle decline in older age in dependent upon the lifestyle followed and physical health done earlier in life.

(Stenholm et al., 2012)

Parameter At beginning 07/31/2013

At finish 02/01/2014

Body weight 69.1 kilograms152 pounds

67.8 kilograms149 pounds

Body fat mass

19.4 kilograms43 pounds

16.9 kilograms37 pounds

Skeletal muscle mass

27.7 kilograms60 pounds

28.3 kilograms62.2 pounds

Aerobic capacity

39.53 ml/kg/min 50.65 ml/kg.min

Center for Diabetes Control and Prevention. (2014). Diabetes 2014 Report Card. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/reports/congress.html.

Gomez-Cabello, A., Pedrero-Chamizo, R., Olivares, P.R., Luzardo, L.,Juez-Bengoechea, A.,.. & Ara, I. (2011). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in non-institutionalized people over aged 65 or over from Spain: The elderly EXERNET multi-center study. Obesity Reviews, 12, 583-592. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.00878.x.

Healthy People.gov. (2008). Physical activity guidelines for Americans. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf.

Kim, T.N., Seo, J.A., Park, M.S., Kim, S.G., Yang, S.J.,..& Choi, K.M. (2010). Prevalence and determinant factors of sarcopenia in patients with type-2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 33, 1497-1499. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/.

Li, Z. & Heber, D. (2011). Sarcopenic obesity in the elderly and strategies for weight management. Nutritional reviews, 70 (1), 57-64. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00453.x.

Marcell, T.J. (2008). Sarcopenia: Causes, consequences, and preventions. Journal of Gerontology, 58 (10), 911-916. Retrieved from http://biomedgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/.

Mathus-Vliegen, E.M.H. (2012). Obesity and the elderly. J Clin Gastroenterol, 46, 533-544. Retrieved from www.jcge,com.

Meng, P., Hu, Y.X., Fan, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, M.X.,.. & Chen, L.K. (2014). Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among men aged 80 years and older in Beijing: Prevalence and its association with functional performance. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 14 (1), 29-35. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12211.

Stenholm, S., Harris, T.B., Rantanen, T., Visser, M., Kritchevsky, S.B. & Ferrucci, L. (2008). Sarcopenic obesity-Definition, etiology and consequences. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 11 (6), 693-700. DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328312c37d.

Stenholm, S., Tiainen, K., Rantanen, T., Sainio, P., Heliovaara, M.,.. & Koskinen, S. (2012). Long-term determinants of muscle strength decline: Prospective evidence from the 22-year mini-Finland follow-op survey. J AM Geriatr Soc, 60, 77-85. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03779.x.

Vandevijvere, S., Chow, C.C., Hall, K.D., Umali, E. & Swinburn, B.A. (2015). Increased food energy supply as a major driver of the obesity epidemic: A global analysis. Bull World Health Organ, 93, 446-456. DOi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.14.150565.

Wild, S., Sicree, R., Roglic, G., King, H. & Green, A. (2004). Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care, 27, 1047-1053. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/.

Wood, R.J. & O’Neill, E.(2014). Part II: Suggested lifestyle interventions for sarcopenic obesity. ACSM’s Certified News, 24 (2), 4-7. Retrieved from http://certification.acsm.org/certified-news.

Questions?