aberrations - mitweb.mit.edu/2.710/fall06/2.710-wk5-b-sl.pdf · 2005-09-03 · aberrations •...
TRANSCRIPT
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Aberrations
• Chromatic– is due to the fact that the refractive index of
lenses, etc. varies with wavelength; therefore, focal lengths, imaging conditions, etc. are wavelength-dependent
• Geometrical– are due to the deviation of non-paraxial rays
from the approximations we have used so far to derive focal lengths, imaging conditions, etc.; therefore, rays going through imaging systems typically do not focus perfectly but instead scatter around the “paraxial” (or “Gaussian”) focus
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ChromaticAberration
(aka dispersion)
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Geometrical aberrations
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Primary (Seidel) aberrations
Spherical Coma
Astigmatism Field curvature
Distortion
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Spherical
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Coma
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Simultaneous compensationof spherical and coma,
using the lens form factor
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field curvature
astigmatism
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Distortion
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Exact ray-tracing
Optical design
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Exact ray-tracing
ray scatter diagram ( ⇔ defocus)
Optical design
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Optical design
.........S4
.........S3
0.11.0-21.6S2
0.0011.5421.6S1
0.11.0InfS0
Distance to nextelement
Index to the right
CurvatureSurfacename
10cm 10cm
0.1cm
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Features of optical design software
• Databases of common lenses and elements sold by vendors
• Simulate aberrations and ray scatter diagrams for various points along the field of the system
• Standard optical designs (e.g. achromatic doublet, Cooke triplet)
• Permit optimization of design parameters (e.g. curvature of a particular surface or distance between two surfaces) vs designated functional requirements (e.g. field curvature and astigmatism coefficients)
• Also account for diffraction by calculating the modulation transfer function (MTF)modulation transfer function (MTF) at different points along the field
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Vendors
• Optical design– Code V– Oslo– Zemax– Accos– Asap
– consultants
• Optics & opto-mechanics– Newport– Newfocus– Coherent– Opto-Sigma– Thorlabs– Edmund
– specialized shops
www.optikos.com