abengoa solar: solar power for a sustainable world
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ABENGOA SOLARSolar Power for a Sustainable World
Solar Plants Development
Santiago de Chile
10th November, 2009
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Index
1 Solar Technologies Overview
2 Abengoa
3 Abengoa Solar & Solar Plants Development
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Two Families of Solar Technologies
Concentrating Solar Power
Focuses direct sun radiation on a receiver where a heat transfer fluid captures
energy that then is used to produce steam that generates electricity
Cheapest solar technology at utility-scale
Dispatchable source of energy thanks to storage
Allows for hybridation with other sources of energy, either renewables (e.g.
biomass) or conventional (e.g. natural gas)
Photovoltaics
Direct transformation of sun radiation (direct and diffuse) into electricity through
a semiconductor, such as silicon-based cells
Great flexibility in terms of plant size and installation site: it is a distributed
technology
It is not dispatchable, as there are no viable storage technologies
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Trough Central Receiver orTower
Dish (CPV)Fresnel
CSP Technology I
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Trough
Operating Principle: The parabolic troughs are used to track the sun and concentrate sunlight
on to the thermally efficient receiver tubes placed in the trough focal line. In these tubes, a
thermal transfer fluid is circulated, such as synthetic thermal oil. This oil is then pumped through
a series of heat exchangers to produce steam. The steam is converted to electrical energy in a
conventional steam turbine generator.
Main Components:
Reflector
Absorber tube
Tracking system
Structure
Characteristics:
The most mature solar technology
Large potential with new heat transfer fluids and direct steam
generation
Energy could be stored (molten salt)
Could be hibridized with fossil fuel (ISCC)
CSP Technology II
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Tower
Dish
Operating Principle: A circular array of heliostats (2 axis tracking mirror) is used to
concentrate sunlight to a central receiver mounted on the top of a tower. A heat transfer
medium in this receiver absorbs the highly concentrated radiation and coverts it into thermal
energy to be used by a turbine.
Main Components:
Heliostats
Tower
Receptor
Characteristics:
High temperatures High yields
High temperature tower under development will lead to best efficiency and costs
Operating Principle: A fluid located in the receptor is heated by the concentrated rays. This energy is then used
produce electricity by the Stirling engine
Characteristics:
High efficiencies but still lots of challenges to overcome
Large potential with microturbines and metallic liquid as heat transfer fluid
CSP Technology III
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Photovoltaic Technology I
Thin film
Crystallized Si
Types
Monocrystalline Silicon (Efficiency ~ 15%)
Crystallised in ingots
Uniform color
Pollycrystalline Silicon (Efficiency ~ 13%)
Low cost Silicon
Ribbon Silicon (Efficiency ~ 12%)
Manufactured from molten silicon
High Efficiency Silicon (Efficiency ~ 17%)
Si monocristalino
Si policristalino
Photovolatic Technology I
Operation Principle: When certain materials, called semiconductors, are exposed to
solar rays, electrons from the valence band could be excited to the conduction
band. The physical structure of the semiconductor creates an electric field which
sets the electrons path, thus generating direct electric current.
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Photovoltaic Technology IIThin film
Types
Amorphous Silicon (Efficiency ~ 6-7%)
Manufactured at low deposition temperature, allowing several low
cost substrates
Monocrystalline Silicon (Efficiency ~ 9%)
Reaches ti higher yield than amorphous Silicon
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) (Efficiency ~ 8-10%)
Several manufactures techniques, promising feature for large scale
production
CIS/CIGS (Efficiency ~ 10-11%)
Reductions on material costs
TiO2(Efficiency~ 6-7%)
Great optical proprieties and low costs
Amorphous Silicon
Cadmium telluride
Photovoltaic Technology II
Concentracin
Rendimiento alto, coste alto.Mucho potencial de mejora.El seguidor es necesario.
Concentration
Types
High efficiency Silicon (Efficiency ~ 17%)
GaAs multijunction (Efficiency ~ 30%)
Each layer is made of a different material, which
usually is a III-V semiconductor, and absorbs a
different portion of the spectrum.GaAs with Fresnel lens
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Technology Roadmap
Key Milestones for Technology Roadmap
Develop new storage systems, improving current steam and molten salt systems
Cheaper structures, without jeopardizing durability
Potential new reflective materials cheaper than mirrors (but durability is key challenge)
Utilization of new heat transfer fluids in trough systems to increase temperature (andefficiency), such as molten salts and direct steam generation
Increase temperature and pressure of steam systems in central receiver systems
(superheated towers, 2nd and 3rd generations)
...and of course, significant gains in learning curve if government continue to support the
industry and large volumes are installed
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Cost Gap Will Close
Energy
Cost
t
Current Cost
GapCommodity Prices,
Financial Markets, Equipment,
etc.
CSP energy cost
Fossil energy cost
Large Scale Projects
Global Uptake
Strong Developers
New technologies
Incentives
Carbon policies
Fuel volatility and risk
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Index
1 Solar Technologies Overview
2 Abengoa
3 Abengoa Solar & Solar Plants Development
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Our Commitment
Innovative Solutions for a Sustainable World
Abengoa is a technology company that applies
innovative solutions for sustainable development in
the infrastructure, environment and energy sectors,
creating long-term value for our shareholders with amanagement model based on fostering
entrepreneurial spirit, social responsibility,
transparency and rigour
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Sustainable Development
Sales and gross cash flow in 2008 of 2700 M and 627 M, respectively
More than 16.000 employees worldwide
Quoted on the Madrid Stock Exchange Market
Sustained growth through 98-08 (20% CAGR in revenues and 22% in net profit)
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Index
1 Solar Technologies Overview
2 Abengoa
3 Abengoa Solar & Solar Plants Development
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Abengoa Solar in Summary
A twenty year commitment to both CSP and PV technology development
More than 350 professionals worldwide
Two domestic markets (Spain and U.S.) and expansion to international markets (i.e.
Algeria, Morocco)
Proprietary solar technologies (trough, tower, thermal storage, other technologies)
Assembly of a world class team of Solar experts, with unsurpassed collective
experience and skills
Large International and Integrated Solar Power Generation
Company Offering Proven Technologies and Developing
New One, Both CSP and PV
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A Global Presence
A Global Presence
Hundreds of MW under construction and
development in different technologies
Unparalleled R&D facilities
Asia
New opportunities
International Presence
Main Geographies
Largest solar plant in the world in Arizona
More than 85 professionals in R&D and project
development efforts
Middle East and Northern Africa
Build first two ISCC plants
Participating in current international bids
New opportunities
Southern Europe
Strong development team pushing solar in
many countries
USA Spain
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300 MWs from Solar Energy
Parabolic TroughPower Tower
Solucar Platform
5 x 50 =250 MWs 2 x 20 + 10 = 50
MW
PS10
PS20
Aznalcollar
Solnova 1
Solnova 3
Solnova 4
Solnova 2
Solnova 5
Q2 07
Q1 09
Q4 10
Q4 09
Q2 10
Q4 10
Q4 11
Q4 12
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The site enjoys of one of the highest solar
radiations in the world
PPA and key permits to build the plant are
already secured
280 MW peak power
6-hour thermal storage system allowing energy
production management
Will supply electricity for 70,000 American
households
Arizona
Phoenix
Solana
The site
The project
Solana: The Largest Solar Plant in the
World
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ISCC in Algeria 150 MWe
ISCC in Morocco 470 MWe
150 MW in Hassi-
Rmel
470 MW
in At Ain BeniMathar
First ISCC Plant Worldwide
Largest ISCC Plant Worldwide
Algeria. First combined cycle with solar trough field under construction
20 MW from trough, rest from natural gas
180,000 m2 of reflective surface
Thermal oil as heat transfer fluid
Promoted by Abengoa Solar and NEAL
Morocco. Largest combined cycle with solar trough field
20 MW from trough, rest from natural gas
183,000 m2 of reflective surface
Thermal oil as heat transfer fluid
Project sponsored by World Bank
CSP Projects
ISCC plants in Argelia and Morocco
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1 MWp (Spain) 0.4 MWp
(Spain)
1.9 MWp
(Spain)
1.8 MWp (Spain) 5.7 MWp
(Spain)
1.2 MWp
(Spain)
ABENGOA SOLAR
Sevilla PV (low
concentration)
Copero PV Barcelona Forum Linares Casaquemada Las Cabezas
Photovoltaic Plants and Installations
Abengoa Solar in PV
Some Examples
Develops
Builds
Operates
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Superheated steam pilot tower
Direct Steam Generation pilot plant
Storage pilot plant with molten salts in operation since January1
2
3
High concentration PV demonstration systems4
Unparalleled R&D Efforts:
70 Professionals, 25 Million Dollars Investment per Year
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Key Challenges in Development
Development comprises many complex activities, like site selection, permitting
(at national, regional and local levels) and supplying (equipment, EPC
contractor, etc.). Difficulty of this stage tends to be underestimated by new
entrants
It is a very long process (and thus expensive): in Spain it takes around 2
years; in the US can take 3-4 years
Long lead times makes development very sensitive to regulatory changes
Availability of water and suitable access to transmission are relevant issues tobe targeted early on
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Financing is Critical
Non-recourse project finance debt has been the traditional financing structure,
but now is challenging
Current financial crisis is generating new forms of financing in the renewables
space
Credibility of the developer and guarantees from the operator and the EPC
contractor are key issues for banks. Only large players can do it successfully
Country credibility is also very important in assessing the overall economic
model, especially in a feed-in-tariff scheme