abdominal aortic aneurysm
DESCRIPTION
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Ballooning of a weakened section of vessel wall on the abdominal aorta, typically below the level of the lumbar vertebrae, potentially causing dissection and/ or
rupture of the aorta leading to profound shock and rapid mortality.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
Common risk factors: Cardiac (Family history, Male > 50yo, smoking, HT, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, IHD) Other factors: trauma, infection
Weakening/ damage to endothelium of abdominal aorta. Nb. Possibly more susceptible to vessel wall damage than other areas of the descending aorta
Bulging in section of aorta wall (>3cm in diameter)
= ANEURYSM
Vague abdominal &/ or back pain
Pulsatile or palpable abdominal mass (usually >4cm in diameter)
Hypotension & associated tachycardia & syncope
Nausea & vomiting
Tear in aorta tunica intima
Blood enters between intima, media & adventitia layers
High pressure causes blood to track causing false lumen
between layers = DISSECTION
Turbulent & altered blood flow within artery
Thrombus formation
Altered distal blood supply
Absent or uneven distal pulses
Uneven distal skin colour & temperature
Distal tissue ischaemia
Sudden & severe back, abdominal, flank “tearing” pain
Nerve stimulation causes radiating groin or testicular pain
Pulsatile or palpable abdominal mass (usually >4cm in diameter)
Hypotension & associated tachycardia
Nausea & vomiting (possibly due to hypotension and/ or pain
stimulus)
Clot formation/ hardening of false lumenComplete rupture of artery wall
Rapid & continuous haemorrhage into retroperitoneum
Syncope (decrease cerebral perfusion)
Profound shock & DEATH