abap training session # 3

8/12/2019 ABAP Training Session # 3

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Inspire ABAP trainingsessions

Training session # 3

Date: 16/06/2014


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Contents

ABAP Data Dictionary

Data Elements

Domains

SAP Tables

Open SQL

Modularization


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ABAP Data Dictionary

Create and manage data definitions (metadata)

SQL can be divided into following 2 parts.

DML

Data Manipulation Language

DDL Data Definition Language

DML part consists of query and update commands like SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSEprograms handle DML part of SQL.

DDL part consist of commands like CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, CREAetc. ABAP Dictionary handles DDL part of SQL.

So ABAP Dictionary is used to create and manage data definitions (metadata). ABAPused to create Tables, Data Elements, Domains, Views, Lock Objects etc.


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Data Elements and Domains

While creating a table in data dictionary each table field is assigned to a data element. Eais in turn assigned to a domain.

Table Field

Data Element

Domain


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Create a Domain in SAP


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Create a Data Element in SAP


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Create a SAP table

There are three types of SAP DDIC table that you can define.

1. Transparent Table

2. Cluster Table

3. Pooled Table


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2. Cluster Table

Many-to-one relationship with a table in the database.

Many cluster tables are stored in a single table in the database called a table cluster

Tables have a part of their primary keys in common.

III. Cluster Tables (BSEG, BSED, BSEC)

Should be accessed via primary key - very fast retrieval otherwise very slow

No secondary indexes

Select * is Ok because all columns retrieved anyway. Performing an operation on multipleefficient than single row operations. Therefore you still want to select into an internal tableare being selected into the internal table, you might still like to retrieve specific columns tomemory required.

Statistical SQL functions (SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, etc) not supported

Can not be buffered


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3. Pooled Table

Many-to-one relationship with a table in the database.

For one table in the database, there are many tables in the Data Dictionary. The table i

has a different name than the tables in the DDIC, it has a different number of fields, anddifferent names as well.

II. Pool Tables (match codes, look up tables)

A001, A004, A044

Should be accessed via primary key or

Should be buffered (SE11->Display Table->technical settings)

No secondary indexes

Select * is Ok because all columns retrieved anyway


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SAP Table Maintenance Generator

SAP Table Maintenance Generator (TMG) is a tool to generate a table maintenance progrgenerate a program to maintain (Create, Edit & Delete) entries in a table.


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Open SQL

Open SQL is a set of ABAP statements that performs operations like reads, modi

data in the SAP database.

All open SQL statements are pass Open SQL is independent of the database syssyntax of the open SQL is uniform for all the databases supported by SAP.

The DB interface converts the open SQL to native SQL and passes it on to the da

OPEN SQL DESCRIPTION

SELECT Reads data from database

INSERT Inserts lines to database

UPDATE Changes the contents of lines in

database

MODIFY Inserts lines into database or

changes the contents of existing

lines

DELETE Deletes lines from database


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Open SQL

All Open SQL statements fill the following two system fields:

SY-SUBRCAfter every Open SQL statement, the system field SY-SUBRC contains the operation was successful, a value other than 0 if not.

SY-DBCNTAfter an open SQL statement, the system field SY-DBCNT contains the numlines processed.


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Reading Data using Open SQL

SELECT is the open SQL statement to read the data from the database. The general syntstatement is as follows.

SELECT INTO

FROM

[WHERE ]

CLAUSE DESCRIPTION

SELECT Specifies which columns you want to

whether one line or many lines needs

selected, and whether duplicate entr

allowed

INTO Determines the target area into whic

selected data is to be placed

FROM Specifies the database table from whdata is to be selected

WHERE

specifies which lines are to be read by

specifying conditions for the selection


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Reading Data using Open SQL

Source Code

DATA: gwa_employee TYPE zemployee.

WRITE:/1 'Emp ID' color 5,9 'Name' color 5,17 'Place' color 5,

27 'Phone' color 5,39 'Dept' color 5.

SELECT * FROM zemployee INTO gwa_employee.

WRITE:/1 gwa_employee-id,9 gwa_employee-name,

17 gwa_employee-place,27 gwa_employee-phone,

39 gwa_employee-dept_id.

ENDSELECT.

Table Output
http://www.saphub.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/sql-select-12.png


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Inserting Values using SAP Open SQL

INSERT is the open SQL statement to add values to the database table.

First declare a work area as the line structure of database table and populate the work aredesired values. Then add the values in the work area to the database table using INSERT

The syntax for the INSERT statement is as follows.

INSERT FROM

or

INSERT INTO VALUES


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EMPLOYEE table entries after INSERT

Inserting Values using SAP Open SQL

Source Code


gwa_employee-id = 6.

gwa_employee-name = 'MARY'.

gwa_employee-place = 'FRANKFURT'.

gwa_employee-phone = '7897897890'.

gwa_employee-dept_id = 5.

INSERT zemployee FROM gwa_employee.

Table


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Changing Values using SAP Open SQL

UPDATE is the open SQL statement to change the values in the database table. First decas the line structure of database table and populate the work area with the desired values

key in the database table. Then update the values for the specified key in the database taUPDATE statement.

The syntax for the UPDATE statement is as follows.

UPDATE FROM

If the database table contains a line with the same primary key as specified in the work aris completed successfully and SY-SUBRC is set to 0. Otherwise, the line is not inserted, aset to 4.


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EMPLOYEE table entries before UPDATE EMPLOYEE table entries after UPDATE


Source Code


gwa_employee-id = 6.

gwa_employee-name = 'JOSEPH'.




UPDATE zemployee FROM gwa_employee.


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EMPLOYEE table entries after UPDATE


Source Code

UPDATE zemployee SET place = 'MUMBAI' WHERE dept_id = 2.


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Deleting Entries using SAP Open SQL

DELETE is the open SQL statement to delete entries from database table. First declare a line structure of database table and populate the work area with the specific key that we w

from the database table. Then delete the entries from the database table using DELETE s

The syntax for the DELETE statement is as follows.

DELETE FROM

If the database table contains a line with the same primary key as specified in the work aris completed successfully and SY-SUBRC is set to 0. Otherwise, the line is not deleted, anset to 4


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EMPLOYEE table entries before DELETE EMPLOYEE table entries after DELETE


Source Code


gwa_employee-id = 6.gwa_employee-name = 'JOSEPH'.




DELETE zemployee FROM gwa_employee.


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EMPLOYEE table entries after DELETE


Source Code

DELETE FROM zemployee WHERE dept_id = 2.


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Inserting or Changing Values using SAP Open SQL

MODIFY is the open SQL statement to insert or change entries in the database table. If thcontains no line with the same primary key as the line to be inserted, MODIFY works like I

the line is added. If the database already contains a line with the same primary key as theinserted, MODIFY works like UPDATE, that is, the line is changed.

The syntax for the MODIFY statement is as follows.

MODIFY FROM

If the database table does not already contain a line with the same primary key as specifiearea, a new line is inserted. If the database table does already contain a line with the samspecified in the work area, the existing line is overwritten. SY-SUBRC is always set to 0.


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Output

Source Code


gwa_employee-id = 6.gwa_employee-name = 'JOHNNY'.

gwa_employee-place = 'LONDON'.



MODIFY zemployee FROM gwa_employee

Inserting or Changing Values using SAP Open SQL


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Modularization in ABAP

Modularization is breaking down the application code into smaller units, so that it is easy t

Advantages of Modularization are as follows. Easier to read, maintain and debug.

Eliminates redundancy of code and increases reusability of code .


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Types of Modularization

Macros If you want to reuse the same set of statements more than once in a programinclude them in a macro. You can only use a macro within the program in which it is def

Include ProgramsInclude programs allow you to use the same source code in differThey are mainly used for modularizing source code and have no parameter interface.

SubroutinesSubroutines are normally called internally i.e. called from the same prois declared. But subroutines can also be called from external programs.

Function ModulesFunction Modules are stored in the central library and can be callprogram. Even the function modules(RFC enabled) can be called from non-SAP system

Methods

Methods used ABAP object oriented programming


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If we want to reuse the same set of statements more than once in a program, we can inmacro. We can only use a macro within the program in which it is defined. Macro defini

before the macro is used in the program.

Syntax

DEFINE .

...

END-OF-DEFINITION.

Program

*Macro definition

DEFINE print.

write:/ 'Hello Macro'.

END-OF-DEFINITION.

WRITE:/ 'Before Using Macro'.

print.

Output

Macros


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Include programs are not standalone programs and cannot be executed independently.

Container for ABAP source code.

They are used to organize the ABAP source code into small editable units which can be inserted aother ABAP programs using the INCLUDE statement.

The include statement copies the contents of the include program into the main program.

ABAP Include Program


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If we want to reuse the same set of statements more than once in a program, we can inmacro. We can only use a macro within the program in which it is defined. Macro defini

before the macro is used in the program.

Syntax

INCLUDE

Source Code

Source code of ZINCLUDE_DATA.

DATA: g_name(10) TYPE c.

Source code of ZINCLUDE_WRITE.

WRITE:/ 'Inside include program'.

Source code of main program.

REPORT zmain_program.

INCLUDE zinclude_data.

WRITE:/ 'Main Program'.

INCLUDE zinclude_write.

Output

ABAP Include Program


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Subroutines are procedures that we define in an ABAP program

Can be called from any program..

ABAP Subroutine

ABAP F i M d l


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Function Group

When you create a function module, you must assign it to functio

The function group is the main program in which a function moduembedded

is a container for function modules

Function Library

Admin

Import/Export Parameter

Source Code Main Program

Documentation

ABAP Function Modules


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ABAP F ti M d l


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ABAP F ti M d l


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is a code that can be called from any ABAP program, therefore making it a globally acc

ABAP program pass data to function module from import parameters or internal tables

Function module receives data from a program, process the information in its own codeback information in the export parameters or internal tables


ABAP F ti M d l


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FUNCTION Z_FMTEST.

result = number1 ** number2.

ENDFUNCTION.



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REPORT ztest.

PARAMETERS: no1 TYPE I,

no2 TYPE I.

DATA result TYPE I.

START-OF-SELECTION.

CALL FUNCTION Z_FMTEST

EXPORTING

number1 = no1

number2 = no2

IMPORTING

result = result.

write: / result.


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ABAP Practice

abap training session # 3

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