abap slides basis

Computer Science and Manufacturing

Business Information Systems

A brief introduction to programming for SAP R/3 (ABAP/4)

Gerold Kreutler

Computer Science and Manufacturing 2

Credits

i SAP Online Helphttp://help.sap.com

i SAP Training slides

i SAP lecture notes – Claudia SteinbergerUniversity Klagenfurt

http://help.sap.com/


Overview

i R/3 Repositoryi Tools of ABAP Workbenchi Debuggingi ABAP Syntaxi Detailed Example


R/3 Repository

Presentation -Server-Layer

Application -Server-Layer

Database

ABAP-Program

Repository(all Dev.-Objects)

Customizing -TablesApplication -Tables

client-independent client-dependent

SAP-GUI


Structure of the Repository

Repository -Objects

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Development Classes

Function Modules

Programs

Tables

. . .


Repository Infosystem

SAP AG 1999

Repository -InfosystemBusiness EngineeringABAP Dictionary

Basic objsDatabase TablesViewsData ElementsStructuresTable Types

...Other ObjectsFields

ProgrammingFunction BuilderProgram LibraryProg. EnvironmentProgram sub-objects

ABAP ObjectsClass library

Components of classesComponents of interfaces

Envir

TA-Code:SE84


Tools of the ABAP-Workbench

Function BuilderFunction Builder

Screen PainterScreen Painter

ABAPABAP DictionaryDictionaryABAP EditorABAP Editor

ObjectNavigator

Menu PainterMenu Painter

DebuggerDebugger

Class BuilderClass Builder

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•Edit all Repository-Objects separately with its tool OR•Use the Object Navigator (SE80)


Object Navigator

display higher-level object list

Dictionary ObjectsProgramsSAPBC400WBD_GETTING_STASAPBC400WBT_GETTING_STAFunction GroupsBC400Classes/InterfacesCL_BC400

BC400

Development Class

BC400

Navigation-Area

Application HierarchyDevelopment ClassProgramFunction GroupClass/InterfaceInternet ServicesLocal Objects

Navigation in history ofnavigation -area

FavoritsAddEditPrograms

Refresh object list

Double Click at Repository - Objects with own object list: Navigation to selectedobject list


Transaction Codes

SAPSAP EasyEasy AccessAccessFavoritesZERP07_1

ZERP07_1

Context Menu:Execute / Execute in new window Display Documentation Add to Favorites

/nSAPBC400_GS

technicaltransaction code

Context Menu:Execute / Execute in new window Display Documentation

Transaction Code:

Transaction textProgram

ZERP07_1

+ Enter

SAP Menu Use Favorits to store your favorite transaction codes!

Access Programs directly:

Manage transaction codes:transaction SE93


Dynpro Numbers and Field Names

Airline AA American AirlinesUSDID

Name

Currency

Fluggesellschaft

Selection Screen Dynpro List

F1

Technical Info

Field NamesField Types

System

Status

Program NameScreen Number(= Dynpro Number)

Find out what actually is being executed and displayed on the screen:

Once you know Program Names, Screen Numbers or Field Namesyou can use the Object Navigator to access the elements.


Object Navigator: Prog. Analysis

DDIC StructuresSBC400_CARRIERFieldsPA_CARWA_SCARREventsSTART-OF-SELECTIONDynpros01001000

SAPBC400WBT_GETTING_S

Tool-AreaTool-AreaNavigationNavigation-Area-Area

Program objects are displayed inappropriate tools, e.g:• Source: Editor• Dynpro: Screen Painter

Direct Navigation to definitionin Source, displayed with ABAP Editor

Displayed with screen painter

ProgrammSAPBC400WBT_GETTING

- Object Navigator allows you to inspect a program centrally- offers a unique environment for all tools


Debugging (1)

Abap-EditorNavigationNavigation -Area-Area

Program

SAPBC400WBT_GETTING

SAPBC400WBT_GETTING

REPORT sapbc400wbt_getting_started.

TABLES sbc400_carrier.DATA wa_scarr TYPE scarr.PARAMETERS pa_car TYPE scarr-carrid.START-OF-SELECTION.

SELECT SINGLE * FROM scarrINTO CORRESPONDING WHERE carrid = pa_car.

IF sy-subrc = 0.MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_scarr TO sbc4CALL SCREEN 100.MOVE-CORRESPONDING sbc400_ carrier T

WRITE:/ wa_scarr-carrid, wa_scarr-carrname,

STOP

Execute Direct

DebuggingDebugging

1 : using the context menuof program name

2 : Set Break Point and start program

Start program in debugging mode:

Use debugging also to get information about existing code, not only for „debugging“!


Debugging (2)

Switch to debugging mode at runtime:

/h+ Enter

System HelpSystem Help

Tools Debugging DynproDebugging ABAP

2 : Enter /h directly to the command area andconfirm with Enter.

1 : via Menu-Bar: System ->Tools

Allows you to inspect all existing, executable code!


Debugging (3)

X SAP

Watchpoint ABAP Debugger

BIN (1) (000) ds0025 INSo

Variante

aachwschws

Felder

HauptprogrammQuelltext von

ZJJ_KURS_000ZJJ_FORMS

1 4- Variante

SY-SUBRC SY-TABIX SY-DBCNT0 0 1

4

6

SELECT SINGLE * FROM scarrINTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_scarrWHERE carrid = pa_car.

IF sy-subrc = 0.MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_scarr TO sbc400_ carrier .CALL SCREEN 100.MOVE-CORRESPONDING sbc400_ carrier TO wa_scarr .

Festpunktarithmetik15 30- 56Single Step

Debugging Mode of ABAP Editor: Single Steps


Debugging (4)

Debugging Mode of ABAP Editor: Breakpoints

SAP AG 1999

X SAP

Watchpoint ABAP Debugger

BIN (1) (000) ds0025 INSo

Variante

aachwschws

Felder

HauptprogrammQuelltext von

ZJJ_KURS_000ZJJ_FORMS

1 4- Variante

SY-SUBRC SY-TABIX SY-DBCNT0 0 1

4

6


IF sy-subrc = 0.MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_scarr TO sbc400_ carrier .CALL SCREEN 100.MOVE-CORRESPONDING sbc400_ carrier TO wa_scarr.

Festpunktarithmetik15 30- 56

Cont. to nextbreakpoint

STOP


ABAP Syntax (1)

Parameters/Additions (according tokeywords)

Dot ends eachABAP statement.

ABAP-Keyword:

START-OF-SELECTION .SELECT SINGLE * FROM scarr

INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_scarrWHERE carrid = pa_car .

IF sy-subrc = 0 .MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_scarr TO scarr .CALL SCREEN 100 .MOVE-CORRESPONDING scarr TO wa_scarr.

WRITE : wa_scarr-carrid ,wa_scarr-carrname ,wa_scarr-currcode .

ENDIF.

TABLES scarr .DATA wa_scarr TYPE scarr .PARAMETERS pa_car TYPE scarr-carrid .

START-OF-SELECTIONSTART-OF-SELECTIONSELECTSELECT

IFIFMOVE-CORRESPONDINGMOVE-CORRESPONDINGCALLCALLMOVE-CORRESPONDINGMOVE-CORRESPONDING

ENDIFENDIF

TABLESTABLESDATADATAPARAMETERSPARAMETERS

WRITEWRITEChain

,,.

..

..

....

..

..

..

..

..

:

General syntax:


ABAP Syntax (2)

Access online documentation in ABAP editor:

EditorEditor

START-OF-SELECTION.SELECT SINGLE * FROM scarr

INTO wa_scarrWHERE carrid = pa_car.

IF sy-subrc = 0.MOVE-CORRESPONDINGwa_scarr

TO sbc400_carrier.CALL SCREEN 100.MOVE-CORRESPONDING sbc400_carrier

TO wa_scarr.WRITE: wa_scarr-carrid,

wa_scarr-carrname,wa_scarr-currcode.

ENDIF.

i

ABAP OverviewNew features in ABAPABAP-Keyword:ABAP doc. and examplesOnline Manual

Help

WRITE

WRITEWRITE

Keyword-Documentation-

F1


ABAP Syntax (3): Navigation Help


INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_scarrWHERE carrid = pa_car.

IF sy-subrc = 0.MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_scarr TO sbc400_carrier.CALL SCREEN 100.MOVE-CORRESPONDING sbc400_ carrier TO wa_scarr.

WRITE: wa_scarr-carrid,wa_scarr-carrname,wa_scarr-currcode.

ENDIF.

scarrscarrwawa__scarrscarr

double clickdouble click

Definition of database tablein ABAP Dictionary Definition of structure

(of structured field)

double click100100 Definition of Dynpro(in Screen Painter )


ABAP Syntax (4): Comments

START-OF-SELECTION.

SELECT SINGLE * FROM scarrINTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OFwa_scarrWHERE carrid = pa_car.

IF sy-subrc = 0.MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_scarr TO sbc400_carrier.CALL SCREEN 100.MOVE-CORRESPONDING sbc400_carrier TO wa_scarr.


ENDIF.

* read dataset from table SCARR* read dataset from table SCARR

"" process Dynpro 100process Dynpro 100

whole lineas comment

rest of line as comment


ABAP Keywords (1)

WRITE <format><value><option>. * write s.th. to report<format>: /p(l) Line Feed, Col-Pos., Length

P number, I integer, F floating point, N num. text, C text, D date (YYYYMMTT)

DATA: NAM1(25) TYPE C VALUE 'SAP', * sample data definitionNAM2 LIKE NAM1,SUM1 TYPE F VALUE '12.3456E2',AMOUNT TYPE P DECIMALS 2 VALUE 1000.

CLEAR <field>. * initialize field

SELECT * FROM <tab>. * select loop* do s.th.

ENDSELECT.

CASE <field>. * case WHEN <value>. * do s.th.

WHEN <value2>.* do s.th.

ENDCASE.


ABAP Keywords (2)

DO <field>. * DO Loop* do s.th., SY-INDEX: current counter

ENDDO.

WHILE <log.expr>. * WHILE* do s.th.

ENDWHILE.

Operators: EQ (equals), NE (not eq.), GT (greater than), GE (greater/equal than),LT, LE; BETWEEN <v1> AND <v2>.

DATA: BEGIN OF <name>, * Records* definition of elements

END OF <name>.

MOVE CORRESPONDING <f1> TO <f2>. * transfers field values – same name!

CALL FUNCTION <name> * function callEXPORTING <list of exp. parameters>IMPORTING <list of imp. parameters>.


ABAP Example (1)

SAP AG 1999



IF sy-subrc = 0.MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_scarr TO sbc400_carrier.CALL SCREEN 100.MOVE-CORRESPONDING sbc400_ carrier TO wa_scarr.


ENDIF.

TABLES sbc400_carrier.DATA wa_scarr TYPE scarr.PARAMETERS pa_car TYPE scarr-carrid.

1

2

3

4

Definitions:

Source Code:


ABAP Example (2)

SAP AG 1999

TABLES sbc400_carrier.DATA wa_scarr TYPE scarr.PARAMETERS pa_car TYPE scarr-carrid.

TABLESTABLESDATADATAPARAMETERSPARAMETERS

At the generation of the program (function „Activate) a Selection Screen containing a field „pa_carr“ is being generated.

.

Start of program: Creation of Variables, Structures and Selection Screen

Data Objects

ABAP-Program

sbc400_carrier

wa_scarr

pa_car

1

Data Objects and Selection Screens


ABAP Example (3)

Querying data from database

Database-TableSCARR

ABAP-Verarbeitungs-block

ABAP Laufzeitsystem

ABAP-Program


IF sy-subrc = 0....

SELECT SINGLESELECT SINGLE FROMFROM scarrscarr

WHERE CARRID =WHERE CARRID = papa__carcar

Data Objectspapa__carcar

wawa__scarrscarr

2


ABAP Example (4)

Retrieving data from database

2

Database-TableSCARR

ABAP-Verarbeitungs-block

ABAP-Program

Data Objects

SELECT SINGLE * FROM scarrINTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OFwa_scarrWHERE carrid = pa_car.

IF sy-subrc = 0....

INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OFINTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wawa__scarrscarr

papa__carcar

wawa__scarrscarr


ABAP Example (5)

Process Dynpro

ABAP-Runtime System

Time

Data Objects

ABAP- Verarbeitungsblock

ABAP-Program

ProcessBeforeOutput

CALL SCREEN 100.CALL SCREEN 100.

sbc400_sbc400_carriercarrier..

ProcessAfterInput

3 Events:- PBO- PAI

Dynpro: -Screen-Repository-Object


ABAP Example (6)

Create ABAP-List



IF sy-subrc = 0.MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_scarr TO sbc400_carrier.CALL SCREEN 100.MOVE-CORRESPONDING sbc400_carrier TO wa_scarr.


ENDIF.

WRITEWRITE4

Keywords for list creation: WRITE, SKIP, ULINE


Syntax Checking, Generation

Syntax Check:Syntax Check: Check the syntax of your program usingthe appropriate icon in ABAP Editor.

Save Program:Save Program: Saving: Code is put into the repositoryand system-wide visible. Only active versions can be started.

Activate Program:Activate Program: After Activating the program is system-widevisible and executable.

Extended Program Check:Extended Program Check: Contains extended programchecks and can only be used with activated programs. Accessible in ABAP editor via Program -> Check -> Extended Check.


Transport of Repository Objects

Change -order

Development System Productive System

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Usually: Usage of QS-System

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