abacus 2nd issue

2nd Issue 11111

© MICSEA : Not for saleEr. R. Dengchhunga

Editor

IT Policyabacus

EditorR. Dengchhunga

Joint EditorsRony [email protected]

Zohmachhuana [email protected]

F. Kaprumvunga

[email protected]

Circulation ManagerR. Lalmawipuii

[email protected]

Advertisement ManagerR. Lalchhanhima

r [email protected]

Editorial SupportVanlalringa

[email protected]

R. [email protected]

Isaac Zothanpuia

Cover & Layout Design

roniez

ABACUS - a journal cum magazine ofMICSEA is published and developed byMICSEA. Although every precaution has

been taken in the preparation of thismagazine, the publisher assumes no

responsibility for errors or omissions, orfor damages resulting from the use of

the information herein contained.

IT magazine

ABACUS Editorial Office

c/o KCIT Office,

#C-1, Dr. N. Pallai Building

Zarkawt, Aizawl - 796 007

Ph : 2343380

Printed and Published by Vanlalringa,

on behalf of Mizoram Computer

Science & Engineers Association.

Printed at Bhabani Offset & Imaging

Systems Pvt. Ltd.

Guwahati.

“ Kan zotlang ram nuam ..Chhawrpial run i iang e” ti a zaia an lo chawi thinkan ram zimte hi kum zabi 20 a rawn inherchhuah meuh chuan, “Kan zotlangram nuam ..IT estate i iang e” tiin tunlai thalai chuan Information Technologylam hawi zawngin beiseina sang tak nen Tlumtea thlir in IT lama kan sorkarhmalakna project works hrang hrang te hian IT chhawrpial run min hruaithlen ngei ngei ringin kawla ni chhuak chhiar in mawngvawm ba ang maiin thileh thau pawlhin IT lam hawizawngin Career kan sawhnghet sauh sauh mai le.

Kan khawsak phung a lo dang ta. IT hi a mikhual tawh lo hle maiin eizawnnatlak tak a ni tih hairual a ni ta lo. Sumdawngtu ten IT lam hawi zawngin kekan pen a, Sorkar pawhin IT lam hawi project lian tak tak a buaipui mek bawka. A pui apang, a lian a te, a chhia a tha , a tar a zur thlengin mual eng hmu phaktawh phawt chuan kan eibelah hman tumin neih thinglung khawng tak meuhmeuhin kan tu leh fate tan tha leh zung kan seng a. IT lam project sum tamziate hi darthlalanga in en ang mai a chiangin a fawng lam chelhtu ni ve lem lotan pawh a chiang hle mai.

Hetihlai hian a dik lo zawng a IT project sum leh pai te kan hmang a nih vaihchuan kan zoram hi “ Kan zotlang ram nuam ..Hel ram i iang e” tiin kan thalaimangang hian IT- Estate ni lovin Insurgency - Estate ah kan chantir mai angtih pawh thil hlauhawm tak a ni awm e. IT Project hmang hian kan ramtihmasawn ila a duhawm hle mai. IT hi Develope tur anih laia IT kan Politiciseanih vaih chuan kan sorkar hian dinchhuahpuina aiin tlakchhiat nana hmangang tih pawh a hlauhawm thei viau ang.

IT hmanraw tha leh changkang tak tak te hi khandaih hriam tawn ang mai a thilti thei leh kan nunna bulpui ber anih tawh avangin a tha lo zawng a kan hmanganih chuan kan thalai hnazawng mek te nun beidawnna thlentu a ni theiin kanram hruaitute hming namen lovin a tichhe thei a ni bawk .IT policy te hi kanvaia tan ani tih hriain keini mipui te pawh hian ral khat atanga uipui tuilian thlirringawt lovin zirchiang ila kan theih ang angin kan sorkar te pawh pui thei ilaa tha awm e. Hetihlai hian kan sorkar lam te pawhin hetiang lama mi inzir peihleh thahnemngai taka IT lam veitu te hi tha takin lo dawngsawngin atul anginan thurawn te pawh han zirchiangin IT policy hi a lo hlawhtlin theih ngeinaturin project a tak taka hmangtu tur ten kan tangkaipui theih ngei theihnaturin nasa leh zuala hmalakna hi kalpui zel ni se a lawmawm ngawt ang.IT Policy for the people, to the people and by the people tih hi kan zavaiin ihrenawn fo ang u.

22222 Abacus Magazine

© MICSEA : Not for sale

33333 NEWSNEWSNEWSNEWSNEWS

44444 Buyer'Buyer'Buyer'Buyer'Buyer's Guides Guides Guides Guides GuidePhone, PCs, Laptops

66666 National E-GovernanceNational E-GovernanceNational E-GovernanceNational E-GovernanceNational E-GovernancePlan leh a lungphumPlan leh a lungphumPlan leh a lungphumPlan leh a lungphumPlan leh a lungphum

pathumpathumpathumpathumpathumSWAN, SDC, CSC te hi enge???

88888 Bill Gates leh keiBill Gates leh keiBill Gates leh keiBill Gates leh keiBill Gates leh keiKa chibai tih ka sawi chuan an awihlo

hlawm em em khawp a.

1010101010 RFIDRFIDRFIDRFIDRFIDHetiang taka khawl te hi a lo awm thei ngai

maw?

1212121212 DOS AttackDOS AttackDOS AttackDOS AttackDOS AttackDoS Attack tum ber chu Networked computer

te hna thawh mumal tir theih loh emaw, tih

chhiat rup emaw hi a ni.

1414141414 Computer hmangchangComputer hmangchangComputer hmangchangComputer hmangchangComputer hmangchang

1515151515 ProfileProfileProfileProfileProfileMichael Dell hi tunge?

1616161616 ComputerComputerComputerComputerComputer-----Nu leh Pa te tan. Kan fate’n Computer

an ti chhen a, kan hriatpui ve zel hi a tha.

1818181818 Wi-MAXWi-MAXWi-MAXWi-MAXWi-MAXTunlai khawvelah wire hmanga inthlunzawm

hi a hnawk an ti deuh deuh a, he

technology hi lo hre ve teh..

2020202020 Chips & ChatsChips & ChatsChips & ChatsChips & ChatsChips & Chats Chips an tih hi enge a? Chat an tih enge a

awmzia??

2222222222 TTTTTop 10 mobile phonesop 10 mobile phonesop 10 mobile phonesop 10 mobile phonesop 10 mobile phones

March - May CONTENTS

Career GuidanceCareer GuidanceCareer GuidanceCareer GuidanceCareer Guidance 2424242424Kan hmalam atan hian enge tha ber ang le? Engineer lamnge Medical lam? A bikin Technical Entrance ti turte tan chuan

chhiar ngei ngei chi!

BinaryBinaryBinaryBinaryBinary 2828282828Ka Computer hian kei aiin thil a hrelo zawk. 0 leh 1 bak a hrelo! Engtin nge o leh 1 chuah a hriat theih?

HashingHashingHashingHashingHashing 3030303030Students te tan liau liau.

Excel zirmite tanExcel zirmite tanExcel zirmite tanExcel zirmite tanExcel zirmite tan 3232323232Office hrang hrang Microsoft Excel kan hmang uar hle. I hanzir teh ang.

TTTTTroubleshootingroubleshootingroubleshootingroubleshootingroubleshooting 3434343434Engtin nge Troubleshooting an tih?

Blue Ray DiscBlue Ray DiscBlue Ray DiscBlue Ray DiscBlue Ray Disc 3636363636I computer chhunga mi zawng zawng kha CD pakhatah ibackup duh em??

GamesGamesGamesGamesGames 3838383838Need for Speed - ProStreet

Windows XPWindows XPWindows XPWindows XPWindows XP 4040404040Tips and Tricks. Tip hrang hrang leh Tricks hrang hrang te hian ti ve chhin teh.

WebsiteWebsiteWebsiteWebsiteWebsite 4141414141you don’t wanna missed these sites....

Q & AQ & AQ & AQ & AQ & A 4242424242

ABAQUIZABAQUIZABAQUIZABAQUIZABAQUIZ 4343434343I chhan dik vek chuan Creative Speakers i dawng thei.

About usAbout usAbout usAbout usAbout us 4444444444ABACUS 1st Issue thu tesep

2nd Issue 33333


Kum 2030 ah mihring ang maia thluakKum 2030 ah mihring ang maia thluakKum 2030 ah mihring ang maia thluakKum 2030 ah mihring ang maia thluakKum 2030 ah mihring ang maia thluak

nei Computer siamchhuak dawn !!nei Computer siamchhuak dawn !!nei Computer siamchhuak dawn !!nei Computer siamchhuak dawn !!nei Computer siamchhuak dawn !!

Mithiam te chuan kum

2030 hnulamah chuan

Three-dimensional leh

molecular comput-

ing technology

hmang a com-

puter Hardware te

changkang taka

thuamin mihring tluk

zeta fing 'strong artificial

intelligence' an tih mai siamchhuah an tum

mek mai le. "Reverse engineering of the

human brain" Technology hmangin hemi

atana Software pawimawh reng reng te hi

mihring thluaka finna zung zam nen

thlunzawm thei turin experiment beih mek a

niin, tunah mai pawh hian finna zungzam

engemaw zat chu hlawhtling taka thlunzawm

ani tawh tiin tunhnai khanAmerican Associa-

tion for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

ah Dr Kurzweil a chuan a sawi bawk.

Photo Frame VirusPhoto Frame VirusPhoto Frame VirusPhoto Frame VirusPhoto Frame Virus

Finna a awm chuan sualna

pawh pung tih Bible in a

sawi hi Computer

khawvelah pawh a

thleng dik mek zel anih

hi. Tunhnai ah hian

Virus chimawm

dangdai zet mai hmuchhuah ani leh ta. He

Virus zet hi chuan rin loh tak zawngin hna

athawk tlat mai le! Digital Picture Frame ah

atanga rawn insiamin kan indentity leh

passwords te min rukbo sak hnuah reiloteah

computer a thuhnuaiah a dah mai thin.

Phone virusesPhone virusesPhone virusesPhone virusesPhone viruses

BARCELONA, Spain (AFP ) hmuna kar hmasa

mai a an neih tak Industry's Mobile World Con-

gress ah chuan Mobile phone hmanga

internet hman theiha siam a nih tang hian

Mobile phone ah Virus apung nasa hle tih an

hmuchhuak a. Heng mobile phone virus hrang

hrang te hi www.mobilephoneviruses.com

Website ah en theih in a awm Spain ramah

chuan mobile hmangtuu 110,000 lai mai te chu

nikum chhung ringawt pawh khan Virus hian a

tibuaiin abik takin Nokia's Symbian operating

system hmangtute a chawkbuai hle a ni. Heng

virus te hi MMS messages, text messages ,

audio, video or picture file atang te in a in

kaichhawn theih a ni. Tunah pawh keini

Mizoram a Mobile hmangtute pawh hi heng

virus hian min rawn tibuai tan ve ta reng mai!.

Internet suamhmang hlauhawm pawlInternet suamhmang hlauhawm pawlInternet suamhmang hlauhawm pawlInternet suamhmang hlauhawm pawlInternet suamhmang hlauhawm pawl

thar ding!thar ding!thar ding!thar ding!thar ding!

Internet Web sites thenkhat zingah kan

hriat miah lova Kan telephone line rei

taktak lo hmangru an awm. Heng ho hian

internet kan hmanna computer ah arukin

Internet dialer software kan tih mai an

dah a, an duhtawk a an hman ruk

theihna turin kan internet hman lai a

khawih danglam thei. Mobile phone

hmanga internet connection nei kan

pung chho ve zela, fimkhur a ngai hle tih

hriat a tha.Mobile hmanga Internet

hmagtuten bill tam lutuk kan chawi anih

chuan ngaihthah mai chi a ni lo vang

News



Apple iPApple iPApple iPApple iPApple iPod Tod Tod Tod Tod Toucoucoucoucouchhhhh

Size: Size: Size: Size: Size: 110 x 61.8 x 8mm

Weight: Weight: Weight: Weight: Weight: 120g

Display: Display: Display: Display: Display: 480 x 320 pixels, 3.5inches

Touchscreen with Multi-touch

Memory: Memory: Memory: Memory: Memory: 8GB, 16GB, 32GB

Connectivity: Connectivity: Connectivity: Connectivity: Connectivity: Wi-Fi (802.11b/g)

Features:Features:Features:Features:Features: Audio (MP3) Playback

Supports MP3, AAC, WAV, Apple

Lossless. 'Cover Flow' album management, Video Playback

Supports H.264 video upto 1.5mbps, 640x480@30fps, .mp4,

.m4v, .mov formats, Picture Viewer with Multi-touch naviga-

tion, Auto-Rotate, Wireless web browsing using Wi-Fi,

YouTube and iTunes connect using Wi-Fi. Safari Web

browser, Organiser/Calender, Calculator

Battery: Battery: Battery: Battery: Battery: Internal rechargeable Lithium ion, USB charging,

Audio Playback upto 22hr, Video Playback upto 5hrs.

Accessories:Accessories:Accessories:Accessories:Accessories: Stereo Earphones, Data Cable

SonySonySonySonySony Ericsson K-850iEricsson K-850iEricsson K-850iEricsson K-850iEricsson K-850iSize:Size:Size:Size:Size:

102 x 48 x 17mm

Weight:Weight:Weight:Weight:Weight:118g

Display:Display:Display:Display:Display:

240 x 320 pixels, 2.2inches

Memory:Memory:Memory:Memory:Memory:

40 MB internal memory

512 MB Memory Stick Micro (M2)

card included,

Micro SD card supported

Connectivity:Connectivity:Connectivity:Connectivity:Connectivity:

GSM, HSDPA, Bluetooth 2.0 with

A2DP, GPRS, EDGE, USB 2.0

Features:Features:Features:Features:Features:

5 Megapixel Camera with

Autofocus, Xenon Flash, and 3LED

video recording light. QVGA@30fps

video recording, 'Best Pic' function

On-board Picture editing/blogging,

'Auto-rotate' function On-screen

touch sensitive keys, MP3/AAC/MP4 player, FM Radio with

RDS, Organiser, Built-in Handsfree, Java MIDP 2.0

Battery:Battery:Battery:Battery:Battery:

Li-Po 930 mAh (BST-38), Stand-by: Upto 400 hrs,

Talk time:Talk time:Talk time:Talk time:Talk time: Upto 9hrs

Accessories:Accessories:Accessories:Accessories:Accessories:

Leather-type carry strap Data Cable

Contact:Contact:Contact:Contact:Contact:

Fel Fel Digitals,Fel Fel Digitals,Fel Fel Digitals,Fel Fel Digitals,Fel Fel Digitals,

Zarkawt (Opp. Vanglaini Office) Aizawl.Zarkawt (Opp. Vanglaini Office) Aizawl.Zarkawt (Opp. Vanglaini Office) Aizawl.Zarkawt (Opp. Vanglaini Office) Aizawl.Zarkawt (Opp. Vanglaini Office) Aizawl.

XFXFXFXFXFX GeForceX GeForceX GeForceX GeForceX GeForce8800 GT 256MB8800 GT 256MB8800 GT 256MB8800 GT 256MB8800 GT 256MB

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXSpecifications :Specifications :Specifications :Specifications :Specifications :

Fabrication:Fabrication:Fabrication:Fabrication:Fabrication: 65nm

Memory Interface:Memory Interface:Memory Interface:Memory Interface:Memory Interface: 256-bit

Frame Buffer Size:Frame Buffer Size:Frame Buffer Size:Frame Buffer Size:Frame Buffer Size:

256 MB

Connectors:Connectors:Connectors:Connectors:Connectors: 2xDual-

Link DVI-I, 7-Pin TV

Out

RAMDACS:RAMDACS:RAMDACS:RAMDACS:RAMDACS: 400MHz

Bus Technology:Bus Technology:Bus Technology:Bus Technology:Bus Technology: PCI Express 2.0

Max Board Power:Max Board Power:Max Board Power:Max Board Power:Max Board Power: 110 Watts

Special Features : Special Features : Special Features : Special Features : Special Features : NVIDIA unified architecture, Full

Microsoft DirectX 10 Support, NVIDIA SLI Technology,

NVIDIA Lumenex Engine, 128-bit floating point High

Dynamic-Range (HDR), NVIDIA Quantum Effects

Technology, NVIDIA nView Multi-Display Technology,

Dual 400MHz RAMDACs, Dual Dual-link DVI Support.

Intel® Desktop Board DG33FBIntel® Desktop Board DG33FBIntel® Desktop Board DG33FBIntel® Desktop Board DG33FBIntel® Desktop Board DG33FB

Features and benefits :Features and benefits :Features and benefits :Features and benefits :Features and benefits :

Specifications :Specifications :Specifications :Specifications :Specifications :

Fabrication: 65nm

Memory Interface: 256-bit

Frame Buffer Size: 256 MB

Connectors: 2xDual-Link DVI-I, 7-Pin TV Out

RAMDACS: 400MHz

Bus Technology: PCI Express 2.0

Max Board Power: 110 Watts

Special FeaturesSpecial FeaturesSpecial FeaturesSpecial FeaturesSpecial Features

NVIDIA unified archi-

tecture, Full Microsoft

DirectX 10 Support,

NVIDIA SLI Technol-

ogy, NVIDIA Lumenex

Engine, 128-bit floating

point High Dynamic-

Range (HDR), NVIDIA

Quantum Effects

Technology, NVIDIA

nView Multi-Display

Technology,

Dual 400MHz

RAMDACs, Dual

Dual-link DVI

Support.

Contact:Contact:Contact:Contact:Contact:

Plug ‘n’ Play, Chanmari (below Sony showroom),Plug ‘n’ Play, Chanmari (below Sony showroom),Plug ‘n’ Play, Chanmari (below Sony showroom),Plug ‘n’ Play, Chanmari (below Sony showroom),Plug ‘n’ Play, Chanmari (below Sony showroom),

Aizawl. Ph: 2305758Aizawl. Ph: 2305758Aizawl. Ph: 2305758Aizawl. Ph: 2305758Aizawl. Ph: 2305758

Buyer’s G

uide

2nd Issue 55555


ViewSonic VX2255wmb22-inch Widescreen Multi-Function HD LCD Monitor

Specifications :LCD Type 22" Wide Color TFT Active Matrix LCD

Display Area 18.7" horizontal x 11.7" vertical; 22" diagonalOptimum Resolution 1680x1050Viewing Angle 170° horizontal, 160° vertical @ contrast ratio > 10:1Panel Surface Anti-glare

VIDEO INPUT Analog/Digital RGB analog (75 ohms, 0.7 Vp-p)/DVI-DFrequency Fh: 24~82kHz, Fv: 50~85HzSync H/V separated (TTL), composite, sync-on-green

POWER Voltage AC 100_240V, 50_60Hz (auto switch)Consumption 45W (typ)

DIMENSIONS(WxHxD) Physical with stand 20.7" x 17.8" x 8.9" (526mm x 451mm x 225mm)WEIGHT Net with stand 13.0 lb. (5.9 kg)AUDIO Speakers 2x2-wattWARRANTY One-year limited warranty on LCD, parts and labor.

Available at GI Infotech, Zarkawt (Opp. Vanglaini Office), AizawlPrice : Rs. 18000/- only

Assembled PC FullsetAMD Sempron LE1100 (AM2)

80 GB SATA (7200 rpm)15-inch CRT

NVidia Graphics512 DDR2 RAM (667 MHz)

DVD WriterMultimedia Keyboard

SpeakerOptical Mouse

Mouse PadOne Year On-Site Service Warranty

Price : Rs. 12990/- only

Available at GI Infotech, Zarkawt (Opp. Vanglaini Office),

Aizawl, Mizoram

ASUS LAPTOP S6FConfiguration :

Intel Core 2 Duo 2.0 GHz11.1-inch LCD Monitor160 GB HDDDVD WriterWindows XP (Original)Much much more...Price : Rs. 59900/- only

Available at GI Infotech,Zarkawt (Opp. Vanglaini Office), Aizawl

Canon PIXMA MP 145 Printer• approx. 6.3 kg

• Resolution-4800 x 1200 (dpi)

• Printing Method-Bubble Jet Printing

• Power-AC100-240V 50/60Hz

• Interface-USB 2.0 Hi-Speed (B Port)

• Scanning Resolution-600×1200dpi

• Print Speed-Black/Colour-A4 Plain Paper 20ppm/15ppm

• Cartridge Type -PG-830/CL-831 (PG-40/CL-41 optional)

• Image Quality-Plain paper: Fast, Standard / other paper: Fix

• Dimension -443mm(W) × 381mm(D) × 181mm(H)

Available at Fel Fel Digitals,

Zarkawt (Opp. Vanglaini Office), Aizawl

Price : Rs. 4650/-

Buy

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Gui

de

Hardware / Software / Mobile / etc. Productadverrtisement i tih duh chuan a hnuaia phonenumber ah hian contact theih reng ka ni e.

** 9436195956 / 9436198721 **

Is yIs yIs yIs yIs yourourourourour ad ad ad ad advvvvvererererertisementtisementtisementtisementtisement

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Kan ram in Zalenna (independence) a sual chhuah atangin kum sawmrukna kan chuangkai ta der mai a, hmasawnna tam tak he kum sawmruk chhung

hian kan nei nasa hle a. Sawrkar lam leh private lamah pawhthui takin kan kal a, a bikin Information and Communica-tion Technology lamah phei chuan khawvel mit fukna kannih mai bakah khawvel a engineer ngah ber kan ni ta hial ani. Binary Digit a 0 integer hi India mi hmuhchhuah a nihangin India mi nih leh Computer thiam nih chu a in hmehhle nghe nghe a ni. Hemi hrereng hian kan sawrkar laipuipawhin hmalakna lian tak a nei a, chu chu NeGP kan tih hia ni. NeGP chu “National eGovernance Plan“ tihna mai ani a, rampum huapa Information and Communication Tech-nology lama hma kan sawn zawk leh kan inrual tlan theihnana beihpui thlakna a ni. E-Governance program hi hmunhrang hrangah vawi engmaw zat lo tih tawh a ni a, ram pum,State, District leh Block level thlengte pawhin hlawhtlinnatam tak awmin hmun thenkhatah te phei chuan a hlawhtlinem avangin tih chhunzawm zel a la ni bawk a. Amaherawhchuhlawhtlinna tam tak a awm laiin ngaihtuahna tha leh felfaitha tawk awm loh vangte, ram hruaitu lu ber atanga a te berthlenga kan tanrual tawk loh vangte, rampum huapa hmalaknatha tawk awm loh vangte leh PPP (public private partner-ship) kan la chin chhuah loh vangte hian duh thusam angphak lohna a la awm nual bawk. Hengte avang hian Centralsawrkar Ministry of IT chuan NeGP hi rampum huap a kalpuiturin a rawn duang chhuak ta a ni.

e-Governance hi eng nge ni ?e-Governance hi eng nge ni ?e-Governance hi eng nge ni ?e-Governance hi eng nge ni ?e-Governance hi eng nge ni ?

e-Governance hi kan state-ah ngei pawh chanchinbuleh magazine thahnem takah thailan a ni ve tawh a, alawmawm hle laiin tam takin a kalphung leh a thil tum te hikan hriatchiang tawk lo niin a lang. E-governance chu elec-tronic Governance tihna a ni a, ‘Sawrkar kalphung mipui lehsumdawngte’n IT hmanga chak zawk, awlsam leh langtlangtaka an in dawr theihna’ hi e_governance thil tum ber chu ani. Sawrkar leh Sawrkar (G2G) , Sawrkar leh sumdawng (G2B), Sawrkar leh mipui (G2C) inlaichhina leh in kungkaina thahi e-Governance zunzam hnukpui ber chu a ni .

NeGP LEH A LUNGPHUM PATHUMState Wide Area Network (SWAN)State Data Center (SDC)Common Service Center (CSC)

MMMMMission Mission Mission Mission Mission Mode Pode Pode Pode Pode Prrrrrojectojectojectojectoject

NeGP hnuaiah hian MMP 22chuang a awm a, a indawt dan lehremchan dan ang a thawh chhoh zeltura ruahman a ni, Central, State lehIntegated Mission Mode Project-ah tethen hrang a ni leh a. Central MMPhnuaiah hi chuan Banking, Customand Excise, National Citizen Data-base, Passport, immigration, visa, pen-sion lam te hi a awm a, central lamin a buaipui tur bik a ni. State MMPa awm leh a, chungah te chuan Agri-culture, Land record, property registra-tion, police treasuries , etc a awm lehbawk a, hengte hi State-in a kalpuive tur te an ni thung. Chutiang bawkin integrated MMP hnuaiah hian e-Court, e-Procurement, national por-tal (India.gov.in) te hi a awm leh a,integrated MMP ve thung hi chuanstate tin ten mawhphurhna kan neitheuh a ni.

Er.

Van

lalr

ing

a

B.E

(C

SE

)

Sys

tem

Ana

lyst

, In

form

atio

n &

Com

mun

icat

ion

Tech

nolo

gy

e-Governance

2nd Issue 77777


1. SW1. SW1. SW1. SW1. SWAN (SAN (SAN (SAN (SAN (State tate tate tate tate WWWWWide Aide Aide Aide Aide Arrrrrea Nea Nea Nea Nea Networetworetworetworetwork)k)k)k)k)

SWAN chu network lianpuiramchhung inthlun zawmna tur a nia, hemi atang hian thingtlang hmunhla tak tak atang pawh a awlsawm taka sawrkar office, khawpuia awm an rawndawr theih nan a duan a ni. State wideArea Network kan tih hi, ram chhungkhawpui leh thingtlang kilkhawr berpawh thleng tura ruahman a ni a..SWAN-ah chuan State capital atanginBlock thleng 2MBPS (MBPS=MegaBits Per Second Computer networkdata kal chak zawng tehna) a chak tura ni a. Block headquarters atanginthingtlang ve thung hi chu wirelesshman tura ruahman a ni . Tin, StateCapital leh District Headquarters-ah tehian Video data thawn theih turaruahman a ni a, amaherawhchu Dis-trict atangin Block leh sub-division vethung hi chu Video tel lova voice chiahkal thei thung tura ruahman a ni bawk.NeGP hnuaia project zawng zawnghnukpui chu SWAN hi a ni ti ila a sualtam awm love. Kum 2008 tawp lam hichuan North Eastern Region-ah pawhSWAN hi hmun tam zawkah chuanzawhfel an beisei a ni.

2. SDC (State Data Center)2. SDC (State Data Center)2. SDC (State Data Center)2. SDC (State Data Center)2. SDC (State Data Center)

IT khawvel ah chuan thil dahthatpawimawhzia kan hre awm e. Hemipawimawhna hre chung hiane_Governance hlawhtling taka kalpuia nih theih nan NeGP hnuaiah SDChi ngaihpawimawh ber zinga mi a ni.State Data Center hi State tin te neivek tura ruahman a ni a, amaherawhchuram lendan a zirin Data center-te chua inang vek lem lo. He SDC-ah hianSawrkar Office Application pawimawhzawng zawng ration card te, birth cer-tificate te , electric bill pekna e.t.cchhunkhawm a ni ang a, chu data chuSWAN a connect a ni ang a, thingtlangleh hmun hla zawk atangin CSC (Citi-zen service Center) kaltlangin an lohmangtangkai ve mai dawn a ni. SDChi sawkar tana data leh document

dahthatna hmunpui tur a ni. Tin, SDC hi security sang takhnuaia enkawl tura ruahman ni bawk. Heng softwares hranghrang te hi SDC-ah hian a awm vek anga mahni in atangpawhin awlsam takin Sorkar Office kan dawr thei tawh dawna ni.

3. CSC (Common Services Center)3. CSC (Common Services Center)3. CSC (Common Services Center)3. CSC (Common Services Center)3. CSC (Common Services Center)

India hi ramzau tak a niin IT lamah pawh a thang chak hlea, tunah hian India ram chhunga khaw hrang hrang 6,00,000

ah CSC 1,00,000 din tura ruahmana ni a , khua paruk in

CSC pakhat zelintawm turaruahman a ni.A hmalam akan han sawitak SWAN

leh SDC tekha a hmang

tangkai tu turchu CSC hi a ni.

CSC atang hianmipui tam zawkin

sawrkar an dawr theitawh dawn a ni. CSC hi com-

puter leh a hmanrua printer,scanner leh wireless te a thuam

tura ruahman mek a ni a. Crore Rs 5749 man tura duan ani.Tin, he schemes hi PPP (Public-Private –Partnership)hmanga tihtum a ni bawk a, a thawk turin Central lam pawhinIL&FS te a ruatfel tawh a ni. CSC hi NeGP core project a, afront end tur a ni a, tin, a back end chu a hmaa kan sawi SDCkha a ni. Heng project pathum, a bikin SWAN, SDC lehCSC kan han tarlan tak te hi a pawimawh hlawm em avangin“NeGP Lungphum Pathum” tia sawi an ni.

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Eiruk vang ni miah lova khawvel a mihausa ber anih

vang ngawt pawh hian ngaihsan tlak tak chu ani. A

bak chu computer khawih ngailo leh hrelo tan chuan

han ngaihsanna vak tur a awm lo mai thei. Mi veng va deuh

chin chuan Bill & Belinda Gates Foundation hmanga ram

rethei zawka natna umbo beihpui thlak nan dollar maktaduai

tel a thlawna an pek thin vang hian an ngaisang viau thei

bawk. Kei paw’n a chanchin ka hre ve riai ruai a, midangte a

tanpui vangin ka ngaisang. Chubak a chanchin ka hre tam lo.

Thian thenkhat ten IT khawvela mi tangkai a ni tih an sawi

chang hian ka lo Amen liam ve puat thin.

Kei, Bill Gates leh ZirnaKei, Bill Gates leh ZirnaKei, Bill Gates leh ZirnaKei, Bill Gates leh ZirnaKei, Bill Gates leh Zirna

Chutia khawvela hausa ber chu tiin zirna lama a record ka’n

en a, Harvard drop-out a ni tih mai loh chu chhuan tur ka

hmuhpui bik lo. Khawi drop-out pawh nise a thluak a tha

thawkhat tih chu a thiltih hian a hril chiang bawk si. Mumbai

khawpuia College ka kal laiin Bill Gates a rawn kal dawn tih

Media lamah an puangzar nasa hle a. Hetihlai hian BA Final

Year zir mek ka’n nih vangin Bill Gates ai chuan ka’n zir sang

tawh zawk ve tlat tiin thiante nen kan uang thin. Khawi

hmunte nge a tlawh dawn ? khawi hmunah nge a chibai theih

ang? tiin kan College a mi thenkhat

chuan an ngaihven hle a. Kei chuan Bill

Gates hmu tur leh chibai tura buai

chiam ai chuan kan bul lawk New York

Café a beer in mai mai ka thlang zawk

daih si.

KKKKKei, Bei, Bei, Bei, Bei, Bill Gill Gill Gill Gill Gates leh Pates leh Pates leh Pates leh Pates leh Pawisaawisaawisaawisaawisa

Kum 2002 November thla ni ta in ka

hria, a ni chiah ka hre ta mai lo. Bill

Gates-an Mumbai khawpui a tlawh ni

tur a ni tih newspaper ah ka hmu thawi

ve fua a. Chutih lai chuan vanneih thlak

tak in ka chhungten ka Account a

pawisa an rawn dah thu min rawn hrilh

a, broke lai a ni bawk nen lawmawm

duh tak a ni. Ka rilru a lian ber chu

Bank a ni ta. Class ban chhun chaw

eikham ve leh UCO Bank lam panin

ka vung phei a, pawisa neih loh lai

pawh a Air Condition a nih vang a ka

luh fo na Bank a pawisa la chhuak tur a

La

lch

ua

ng

lia

na

Ele

lctr

ic V

eng

BILL GATES LEH KEI

Article

Bill Gates is a

very rich man

today... and do

you want to know

why? The answer

is one word:

versions.

Dave BarryDave BarryDave BarryDave BarryDave Barry

2nd Issue 99999


kal chu lo ti ve zeuh zeuh thin mah ila

a nawm dan a ngai reng mai. Mi an lo

tam mai a, nghah rei a ngai viau leh

nghal. Ka bul a newspaper ah chuan

Bill Gates-a thlalak a chuang kuau a, a

rawn kal tur chanchin bawk an ziak a

nih ka ring a. Chhiar ta chuang lo chuan

ka rilru in a hausak tur zia te ka

suangtuah kual ta duah a. Keiin Bank

pakhat a chhungte min thawn leh

nghal cheng sang tlemte ka neih lai

hian, Bill Gates-a hian Bank hrang

hrang engzat ah nge account a neih a

nga, pawisa engzat tak dah ang maw?

Tih te ka ngaihtuah a. Mahse, cheng

engzat pawh nei se, a neih zawng

zawngin hlimna a pek ai chuan, ka neih

tlemte in hlim.na min pek hi a tam

zawk ang ti te in ka in hnem ta vel a.

Chutah ka pawisa lak hun a thleng a,

phur tak in ka mamawh zat chu ka la

chhuak ta ham ham a.

Kei, Bill Gates leh ChibaiKei, Bill Gates leh ChibaiKei, Bill Gates leh ChibaiKei, Bill Gates leh ChibaiKei, Bill Gates leh Chibai

Bank atang a ka chhuak chu beisei loh

takin Police in Bank building chu an

lo hual thup mai a. A chhung a awmsa

bak chu kal hnaih an phal lo. Chu Bank

building lian leh hlui rup, British hun

lai a sak ni awm tak ah chuan Audito-

rium tha tak “Bhavans’Hall” an tih chu

a awm a. Hall luhna lamah chuan mipui

an bawr deuh laih laih a, ka pan phei

ve ta tawp a. Mi kar a ka in zeh ve tawlh

tawlh hnu chuan ka’n hawi kual a, ka

bul lawk ban phak lek a ding chu

Maharastra Chief Minister Vilasrao

Desmukh a lo ni reng a. Hall

kawngkharpui chung banner tar ah

chuan ‘Welcome Bill Gates’ tih te a in

ziak nuai mai a. Chutah ka sir lawkah

chuan amah Bill Gates-a ngei mai chu

ka va hmu ta a. An lo chibai nak nak a. A hma a hmuh

chakna leh chibai chakna reng reng neilo kha tih danglam in

ka awm ta, chibai ve ngei tulin ka hre ta tlat mai. Ka va pan

hnai sawk sawk a, ka chibai ve ta lawp lawp mai a. Mipui

nawlpuiin an bawh buai mai loh nan Police in Hall building

an din hual a ni si a. Kei lah engemaw vangin ka awm lohna

tur hmun ah ka awm vung mai si. Ka hmel leh thuamhnaw

atangin awm ve tur ka ni lo tih an hre thuai a, Police pahnih

tiang kengin min nawr chhuak ta nawk nawk a. Mahse a

changtupa ber Bill Gates-a ka chibai ve miau avangin lawm

tak in hostel ka pan ta vang vang a.

An awih lo vel….An awih lo vel….An awih lo vel….An awih lo vel….An awih lo vel….

Kan hostel a ka thiante zingah chuan Bill Gates-a ralkhat

atang chauh a hmu pawh an lo intithei khawp mai a, hahip

in an sawi a ni deuh ber. Ka chibai tih ka sawi chuan an

awihlo hlawm em em khawp a. Mahse thil awmdan an hriat

chuan a ni thei tih an hre bawk si, min awt ta hlawm em em

mai a. Tun hnai khan he magazine buatsaihtu Mizoram Com-

puter Science & Engineers Association (MICSEA) President

hi ka hrilh tum in a awihlo ve leh kher a, thiamlo tak chungin

hei ka ziah phah ta a nih hi. Khawvela mi hausa ber chibai

vang a hausak tur chu nise Mizo zingah hian a hausa pawl

chu ka nih ngei ka ring.

(E....khai he laiah chuan Routmawii Chibai phak nih hi insawi

thei nan kan lo hmang asin.... Khawvela mi hausaber leh

Microsoft Chairman lai mai chibai theia i awm hi kan lawmpui

rual chein kan thik khawp mai che. MICSEA Office ah lo leng

la kan lo chibai ve ang che!-Ed)

Artic

le

Bill Gate hi

Programming

khawl ropui tak

ang ani.

Hlawhtlinna

chhar chhuak tur

chuan engkim hi

thluak hmang a

remkhawm a, a

pawimawhna te

zir bing a,

hrilhfiah theih, leh

zirchian theih a ni

tih ring nghet tlat

tu ani.

Stewart AlsopStewart AlsopStewart AlsopStewart AlsopStewart Alsop



J apan ram khawpui pakhat Aichi khuaah Expo 2005

World’s Fair an neih tum khan mipui maktaduai 22

chuang zette chuan he Expo hi an chhim a ni. Chutiang

khawpa khawvel pum huap Expo ropui tham leh chhimtu

mipui tam hle mahse ticket dik lo hmanga lut ru thei tumah

an awm lo a, tin, ticket endik nan hun an hmang hek lo bawk

a ni. A ruka luh tlang chu thil theihloh hulhual a ni a, a

chhan ber chu he Expo-a tel mipui zawng zawng te hian

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) ‘chip’ an neih theuh

vang a ni. Gate bula an dah khawl (Scanner chikhat) chuan

a kaltlang apiang te chu tunge an nih tih te, luh phalna an

neih leh neihloh te a lo en dik nghal vek a, mi maktaduai 22

chuang zet ni mahse awlsam takin an kaltlang hum hum thei

a ni. Khatih laia an ‘microchip’ hman kha khawl te reuhte a

ni a, a lenzawng chu 0.4 mm (millimetre) niin a chhah zawng

chu 0.06 mm (millimetre) vel lek a ni.

He ‘microchip’ siamtu Hitachi Company hnuaia awm Cen-

tral Research Laboratory chuan a aia te zawk an la siamchhuak

leh ta cheu a, chu chu FRID Chip Powder tia koh a ni a, a tet

em avangin mit lawngin hmuh tham a

ni mang lo. A siamchhuaktu zinga an

khaipa ber Japan Scientist Mitsou

Usami chuan “Khawvela khawl (chip)

te ber” a ti hial a ni. He FRID Chip

Powder hi bottle te reuhte ah dahin Ni

eng zung thlaah powder angin a hmuh

theih viai viai chauh a, a tle deuh sep

sep a ni.

Engtinnge RFID Chip hnathawh dan

chiah hi ni ang le? RFID chip

hnathawh dan kalhmang chu ‘bar-

code’ system nen a inang deuh thuak

a, mahse ‘barcode’-ah hi chuan

‘barcode reader’ hmangin hnai te

atanga scan kher a ngai a, he Chip ve

thung hi chuan engmaw phen atang

pawhin a va hmu thei a ni. Chumi

awmzia chu va scan kherlo pawhin a

bul hnaia thil awm tawh phawt chu a

lo man chat thei tihna a ni. RFID Chip

hi a tet em avang te, battery a hman

loh vang leh a bul hnaia thil awm a lo

man chat chat theih avangin, sawilawk

ngam loh khawpin a hman tangkaina

RFIDRadio

FrequencyIdentification

Er.

Zo

hm

ac

hh

ua

na

Kh

aw

lhri

ng

BE

(C

SE

), M

A

Man

agin

g D

irect

or,

KC

IT

Powder Chip

Innovation

2nd Issue 1 11 11 11 11 1


tur hi atam thei viau dawn niin

mithiam te chuan an sawi. A chhungah

number pakhat (128-bit) a keng tel zel

a, chu number chu inang pakhatmah a

awm thei lo a ni. Radio transmitter a

neih tel bawk avangin he Chip hi a lo

entu (scanner) bula kaltlang chuan

‘scanner’-in eng hmuh theih loh

zungzam a kahchhuah chu a lo dawng

a, a ma number hmangin a lo reflect

let a, ‘scanner’ chuan lo man lehin

khami number kha a lo hre thei ta thin

a ni. A number ringawt hi chuan

awmzia vak a nei lo a, awmzia nei tur

chuan ‘scanner’ in Chip chhunga num-

ber hretu kha a va pawh phawt a ngai

a, chumi hnuah a dik ngei tih a finfiah

thei chauh thin a ni. Entirnan, pawisa

note zawng zawngah he Chip hi dah

vek ta ila, pawisa siamna khawl chuan

‘microchip’ a dah rualin a pawisa num-

ber leh cheng engzat ‘note’ nge tih chu

computer-ah a record anga, pawisa lem

a nih leh nihloh kan check duh chuan

‘scanner’ bulah a va keng hnai mai

dawn a ni. Number chu scanner-in

internet kaltlangin computer chu a va

zawt nghal ang a, a dik leh dikloh rang

takin a hre thei mai dawn a ni.

Khawiah nge a hman theih ang? A

chunga kan sawi tak ang khian pawisa

note chhinchhiah nan te a hman theih

a, kan mobile phone te leh kan thil neih

chhinchhiahnan te a hman theih dawn

a ni. Dawr nei ta ila, kan dawr chhunga

bungrua zawng zawngah chuan RFID

Chip hi dah ta vek ila, miin thil an lei

apiangin an thil lei kha computer-ah

chhinchhiah theih vek a ni. Khatih lai

khan mi tu emaw in thil ruk lo tum ta

ang se la, a chhuahna tur gate-ah khan

scanner in a lo en ang a, rukru in a thil kenchhuah chu com-

puter-a chhinchhiah a nih loh chuan alarm a ri vak mai dawn

a ni.

Tin, mi pawisa neih zat kan hriat duh chuan a bag bulah

‘scanner’ kan va dah ang a, a bag chhunga pawisa awm zat leh

a number zawng zawng awlsam takin a hriat theih nghal vek

dawn a ni. RFID Chip hnathawh dan leh a hman tangkaina

tlem kan han tarlan bak hi a hmanna kawng tam tak sawi tur

a la tam hle a, a hman tangkaina tur pawh mithiam ten an la

hmuh chhuah belh zel dawn niin a lang.

FOR CRISIS SHARPER

DIGITAL PHOTOS!

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• Instant Prints from All Digital Media, Film, etc. • Thla la tura koh theih reng kan ni e.

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Inn

ovat

ion



Mizo te hian IT ah, a bikin internet kan hmelhriatna

a la rei loh ngaihtuah chuan kan luh chilh thuk

chak hle a. IRC (Internet Relay Chat) bik phei hi

chu mizo thalaite tan chuan thil thar a ni awm love. Internet

hmang thin tu ten a kan hriat tlanglawn tak pakhat chu tun

a kan sawi tur ‘DoS Attack’ hi a ni a. A hre tawh te tan chona

leh, ala hre lo te tan a hriatna ti zautu a nih theih beiseiin a

tlangpuiin kan han sawi dawn a ni.

DoS Attack (Denial of Service) kan tih hian a bul pui ah

chuan networked computer (Computer inthlun zawm) te hna

thawh mumal tir theih loh emaw, tih chhiat rup emaw hi a

tum a. Chutiang tur chuan a beitu hian Packet (Data), con-

nection in a zawh tawk aia tam thawn luh tum thin. Packet

te hi address diklo pek an nih thin avangin chhui a har phah

em em a ni. Hetiang Attack hi a chang chuan “Nukes” emaw,

“Hacking” emaw, “Cyber Attack” an ti bawk a. Mahse DoS

Attack tih hi technical tak a a hming dik ber chu a ni.

DoS Attack hi kan thil hriat tlanglawn tak, mahse fiamthu

thawhna hmanrua emaw ni hauh si lo a ni a.USA ah leh ram

dangah te phei chuan sual lian tak, kum tling hial lungin tan

theih na a ni a. Entir nan pakhat, kum 19 a upa pakhat Jef-

frey Lee Parson an tih chuan Worm a siam hmangin com-

puter 48,000 ngawt mai a bei pek a.

thla 18 lai mai lungin bang a zut phah.

Chu chu January 2005 a thil thleng

kha a ni.

He Attack tuar tu ber te chu IRC

(Internet Relay Chat) hmangtu te hi

an ni na in, A hranpa in DoS Attack

leh IRC hian inkhaihhnawihna engmah

an neilo thung. Chuvang chuan IRC

Operators ho hian eng ti kawng mahin

an dang theilo a, an lo hrem ve ngawt

theilo bawk. He mi hmang a beih i nih

chuan mimal thil a lak emaw,

thungrulh tum loh hi thil tih dan

phung pangngai tak a ni awm e. A nih

loh chuan a aia nasa zawk a beihna kan

tawh phah thei. A tha ber ah chuan

computer te a theih ang a thuam that

a, a tul chuan firewall te thlengin mahni

lo invenhim tum a fuh fo thin.

DoS Attack hi hlawm lian tak pahnih

ah then a ni a. Chungte chu:

DoS Attack

Er.

F.

Kap

rum

vun

ga

B.E

(C

SE

)

Fac

ulty

, G

RIT

C

Security

2nd Issue 1 31 31 31 31 3


1) Operating System Attacks:1) Operating System Attacks:1) Operating System Attacks:1) Operating System Attacks:1) Operating System Attacks:

Hetiang attack hian Operating Systema Bugs kan tih ho hi a hmang tangkaithin a. Hetiang chi hi hmuh chhuah anih chuan Microsoft Company te hianan thuam tha leh mai thei. ChuvanginWindows hmang thin tu te tan chuanMicrosoft Windows update site tlawh

zin a tha.

2) Networking Attacks:2) Networking Attacks:2) Networking Attacks:2) Networking Attacks:2) Networking Attacks:

Hetiang attack hian ISP (Internet Ser-vice Provider) atang a kan connectionneih emaw, kan IRC connection rawntih buai a, mi hloh tir a tum ber a.Computer chhiat rup na erawh a thlenlem lo. He attack lo dang tur hian engOS mah tha bik a awm chuang lova, amimal tak tih theih pawh a awmchuang lo a ni. Company lian ber berAmazon, Yahoo leh Microsoft te pawhin beih an lo tawk fo tawh nghe nghea. He attack in a tum chu connectionkan neih in a zawh tawk aia tam daihdata mi pek luh a ni a. Network prob-lem satliah emaw kan tih laiin con-nection kan neih sa kha a ti buai ta

thin a ni.

A chhan leh vang hriat mumal loh a

connection i hloh fo vang khan beih i

tawk ta tihna a ni kher lova. A nih na

tak ah chuan connection hloh tam zawk

hi chu network problem ve reng a ni

deuh ber zawk. Amaherawhchu vawi

khat mai nilo, vawi engemaw zah con-

nection i hloh a nih chuan, attack ka

ni mai thei tih chu inrinhlelh a tha. A

bikin IRC hmang thin tu te tan a ni

zual awm e.

Enge i tih theih:Enge i tih theih:Enge i tih theih:Enge i tih theih:Enge i tih theih: A tha ber ni a lang

chu rawn attack tu aia connection chak

tha zawk fe neih a ni. Hetiang atan hian

Internet min pe chhuak tu (ISP) te

tanpuina pawh kan dil thei ang.

IRIRIRIRIRC hmangtu ten an IP AC hmangtu ten an IP AC hmangtu ten an IP AC hmangtu ten an IP AC hmangtu ten an IP Addrddrddrddrddress an dahess an dahess an dahess an dahess an dah

bo theibo theibo theibo theibo thei: Proxy hmangin, account dang

emaw computer dang kan connect thei a.

Chutiang a nih chuan account dang daih hmang ang in kan

lang thei. Hetiang chi hi attack te nau ah te, a rawn beitu aia

kan connection in bandwith a ngah zawk chuan a hman tlak

hle.

ISP in engtin nge min puih theih:ISP in engtin nge min puih theih:ISP in engtin nge min puih theih:ISP in engtin nge min puih theih:ISP in engtin nge min puih theih: Internet min pe chhuaktu

(ISP) te hnenah firewall min set sak tur in kan ngen thei a.

Attack hi nasa tham a nih chuan ISP te hi misual man chhuah

kawng a nasa tak min pui thei tu te an ni.

Keiman firewall chu ka set ve mai thei em?:Keiman firewall chu ka set ve mai thei em?:Keiman firewall chu ka set ve mai thei em?:Keiman firewall chu ka set ve mai thei em?:Keiman firewall chu ka set ve mai thei em?: Heihi network

venhim kawng a kan thil hriat chian loh a ni fo thin. Mimal

in firewall lo nei ve mah ila, Pawn lam a tang a beihna lian

tham a nih chuan a hmantlak tak tak chuanglo a ni. A

hmantlakna ber ah pawh a rawn beitu te hnuhma tlem a

zawng a lo chhinchhiah thei deuh chauh a. A beitu hi mahni

account hmang mai chi anih erawh chuan a account chu I

khawih buai sak thei thung. Mahse computer 100 chuang

atang te a beihna i tawk a nih erawh chuan ISP te atanga

tanpuina dawn kha a fuh hmasa ber mai awm e.

A chung a kan han sawi tak te khi a tlangpui a ‘DoS Attack’

kan hriat theih dan tur a ni awm e. Ziaktu hrang hrang ten

an ziah dan leh an sawi fiah dan a in ang vek kher lova.

Engpawh nise he kan Technology khawvelah hi chuan sap in

“Read something bigger and better”“Read something bigger and better”“Read something bigger and better”“Read something bigger and better”“Read something bigger and better” an tih kha vawng tlat ila,

a taka hman pawh tum ila a tha awm e.

u Xerox hi Digital Intellectual Property Right technology

duangchhuaktu hmasa ber company a ni.

u GNU Software hi copyright a ni. GNU Public License hi

khuahkhirhna thenkhat hnuaiah siamchhuah belh phal a ni a, hemi

hi ‘Copyleft’ a ni!

u Nakinah miin an la mamawh dawna an hriat vangin Domain

Name an lo register lawk thin a, a hnuah to takin a neituten an lei let

leh a ngai thin. Hemi dan nan hian kum 1999 khan US Congress

chuan khuahkhirhna dan a siam.

u Kum 1969 kuma mihring thlaah an lawn tuma an computing

technology zawng zawng aiin kum 2000-a an siamchhuah Game

Boy chhunga game pakhat technology a sang zawk.

u A tlangpuiin Hotmail email hi nitin maktaduai 40 vel thawn a ni

a, hemi hian nitin thingkung 500 (paper kg 72,720) vel a chhanhim

ni a chhut a ni.

u Asia rama piracy vangin kum 2003 khan software company ho

chuan US dollar tluklehdingawn 5.5 vel an hloh.

Cyber thu tesep...

Sec

urity

Fin

g tak leh n

gaih

tuahna fim

hm

ang lova techonolo

gy h

i hm

asaw

n tir k

an tum

chuan,

tun a

kan c

hhia

hhla

whte

hi nakin

law

k a

kan n

ghaw

ng a

hru

ihru

al hlin

g t

ute

an la n

i th

ei.

Om

ar

N.

Bra

dle

yO

ma

r N

. B

rad

ley

Om

ar

N.

Bra

dle

yO

ma

r N

. B

rad

ley

Om

ar

N.

Bra

dle

y



Computer khawl hrang hrang ten tha takin hnathawk thei a ni tih finfiahnatha tawk nena kan hriatchianna hi hardware reliability tih a ni. Hetiang a thataka hnathawk theia siam tur chuan a hmangtuten Environment tha kansiam a tul em emin a pawimawh hle tih I hre nawn fo ang u.

Computer hmangtu ten kan hriat reng tur langsar zual te chu :

THIL TUL PAWIMAWH TE :

1. Boruak thianghlim tha tawk tur a ni.2. Hmun him, fianrial tha leh bengchheng awm lohna hmun a ni tur ani3. Ni eng tha tawk leh boruak lum lutuk lohna hmun a ni tur a ni.4. Current tha tawk tak leh tek danna him tawk a awm tur a ni.5. Connection cable a nghet tha tawkin computer khawl hrang hrang che lo turin rualrem taka dah vek tur a nia a.

KAN PUMPELH TUR TE :

1. Vaivut khu leh mei khu.2. Computer bula zuk leh hmuam emaw ei leh in.3. Boruak hnawng lutuk4. Chep lutuk emaw hmun remlo va khawl dah.5. Na lutuk a keyboard emaw mouse khawih.

KAN TIH MIAH LOH TUR TE :

1. Computer khawl nun laiin kan chawisawn emaw kan tiche tur ani lo.2. Windows hmanga shut down hmasa lovin direct a power off loh tur.3. Computer on laia chhin hawn emaw, HDD emaw khawih chet miah loh tur4. Monitor chungah leh Cabinet chungah thil rit lutuk dah loh tur. A

bik takin Monitor chungah phei chuan engmah dah loh tur

Computer hmangchang:

AISIAMA InfotechAISIAMA InfotechAISIAMA InfotechAISIAMA InfotechAISIAMA InfotechZarkawt, Aizawl, Opp. Dr. C. Sangchia Building

Ph : 9436141497

• Mobile Handset zawrhna leh Repairing Centre

• Mobile Repairing Course March thla atangin

Batch thar hawn leh a ni ang.

AS Express AS Express AS Express AS Express AS Express / Fedex Express Fedex Express Fedex Express Fedex Express Fedex ExpressZarkawt, Aizawl, Near Lalthanhawla Building

Ph : 9436141497 / 9862362149

• Lehkha leh Bungrua tlawm tak leh him takin

Foreign, India, Mizoram leh Local ah

kan thawn reng e.

Ramtuk thla han chuan kai leh meuhchuan thildang zawng aiin rilru ahValentine’s day a lian ber awm e. Mitam tak chuan ‘Month of Love’ tiin ansawi thin a. Duh ber te hnen a thilpekhlan tur rawng sen te, a sendang techuan kut bawr a luah lum thin a nih hi.

Valentine’s pual liau liau a siam,hmangaihna thinlung anga pianzia(shape) nei, Newman Mp3 Player antih hi la hre ngai lo mahla, reilo te ah ihmelhriat thuai dawn e. He Mp3 playerhi a laia pawh phel theih a ni a. A phellehlam hi duh ber te beng ah han vuahla, nangin a phel leh lam chang la,lungmuang takin hla in ngaithla dun theia ni. A phel vuah zawm leh hian Playerhmai a mihring hmel awm hmui chu a infawp (kiss) chiah a. MP3 Player tha berni lo mahse, hmangaih ber te nen ahla ngaihthlak dun nan chuanduhthusam a ni.

He Mp3 player hi a hmel en chuandawrawm tak ni mahse, 1GB lai kanhla duhzawng a dah theih a, chu maibakah WMA files te pawh a supportbawk. A man (price) hi US Dollar $55vel a ni a. Amaherawh chu he Player hiValentine’s ni takah, China ah releasetur a ruahman a ni a. Valentine’s dayah he Player hian i tan awmzia neitheilo mahsela, I hman tangkai theihhun chu a la awm chek ang.

Heart-Shaped Player

for TWO

2nd Issue 1 51 51 51 51 5


Name : Michael DellDOB : 23.2.1965Wife : Susan DellChildren : 4Occupation : CEO, Dell Inc.Net worth : $17.2 billion

Tunlai a personal computer (PC)khawvel pum huap a siamchhuak hnem ber company, ‘Dell

Inc.’ neitupa leh hmuchhuak tupa,Michael Dell hi Houston, Texas aJewish chhuangkua atangin, Febru-ary 23, 1965 khan alo piang a, HighSchool thleng chu Houston-ah a kala, High School a zawh hnu hian Aus-tin lama University of Texas lamahzirna lam zawm turin a feh chhuakve a, mahse he lamah hi chuanzirchhuak ta lem lovin sumdawnnalamah a pen chhuak ta zawk a ni.

Computer a khawih hmasakber chu kum 15 mi lek a nih laiin a nia, Apple computer thar hlak pakhata thiat darh vek a, a remkhawm lehthiam nge thiam lo a hriat duh vang

MICHAEL

chauh a ni leh nghal a, mahse a vanneih a siamin a ti fuh hauh mai a, a siam tha ve leh maibawk a. Chung hunlai chuan tun ang hian PC siam chhuah lamah a la lar ang tih a hre hauh lo.

University a zawm hian Computer lam thiam tum hrim hrim a zawm a ni hauh lo a,physician (Doctor) nih tum daih a ni. A tui lohna lamah a kal ve palh hlauh ni ngei tur a ni, doctornih tum chuan ama room-ah Computer company pakhat, PC’s Limited tih chu a din ta rup mai a.Rin aiin alo hlawk ta zek a niang, a pi leh pute hnen atangin pawisa a puk a, a company chu achhawm lian ta a. A lo len zel takah chuan zirna lam chawlh sanin, kum 19 mi lek niin sumdawnnalam chu a luhchilh ta a ni. PC’s Limited chu a lo lian ve tual tual a, Dell Computer Corporation tihina hming an han thlak ren rawn a, mahsela ‘Dell Inc.’ tih hian an thlak leh ta zawk a ni. Nikumchhung khan khawvel pum huap a Computer siam chhuah zawng zawng za a sawmruk (60%)vel chu Dell Inc. siam hi a ni awm e.

Hetiang tak a Company hlawhtling neitupa Dell-a hi Forbes Magazine chuan kum 2007chhunga khawvela mihausa ber 30-na leh America-ah 9-na niin, Dollar 15.8 billion vel nei niin anchhuah. Michael Dell hi a nupui, Susan Dell nen fa pali (Hmeichhia 3 leh mipa 1) neiin Austin,Texas-ah an cheng mek a. A company huaiah hian khawvel hmun hrang hrangah mi 90,400chuang a chhawr mek bawk.

Pro

file

The Inte

rnet is

so b

ig, so p

ow

erf

ul a

nd p

oin

tless that fo

r som

e p

eople

it is

a c

om

ple

te s

ubstitu

te for

life.

An

dre

w B

ro

wn

An

dre

w B

ro

wn

An

dre

w B

ro

wn

An

dre

w B

ro

wn

An

dre

w B

ro

wn



Mizo-te hi, technology thang zelah, a bikin thalaiten hma kan sawn chak hle a, Computer lakah ngatphei chuan kan mikhual tawh lo chiang hle a ni.

Rual u deuh te, nu leh pa te pawhin an hnathawh nawm nancomputer game an hmang chawk a. Kan nel sawt ta hle a.Tuna kan sawi tur, kan nel em em a hi eng chiah nge anih a,engtia lo nung ve ta tawp nge anih tih te kan sawi dawn a.Tin, khawl mai ani a, thil tam tak ti thei anih na hi a mawiina ngaihnawm a, tam tak chuan kawp puite ai pawh a an duatzawk ani fo a ni. A bul atanga thil kan hriat a hi chu kan nelbik a, engemaw buaina pawh lo tawk se kan pui thei a,ngaiawhin kan siam in kan pui thei. Chutiang tak chuan tunakan thlir ho tur pawh hi computer ruangam, anih na tak,hna a thawh dan, a nunna te ani dawn a. Heng kan sawi takbakah hian nu leh pa ten computer min lei sak dawn pawh amawl taka lei ve tawp lova remchang lo insiam lawk nana anhman ve theih nan, tia ziah a ni.

Kan sawi tak angin, kan nel viau si a hi a that lohemaw chhiatna a neih in kan buai pui chuk a; hun te, hnadang pawimawh tak tak te leh sum tam tak te kan sen phahta thin a. He thu kan ziah avang hian computer kan nel phahdeuh a rinawmin, kan duh ber a chu a ni. Amaherawhchu,kan khawl kawmngeih tak hian chanchin a ngah ve tumhrangsi a, a zavaiin kan sawi hman dawn lova. Hun lo awm zelturah kan la chhuah zel ang tih beisei phawt ila.

Thluak:Thluak:Thluak:Thluak:Thluak:

Khawl thluak nei (Computer) kan ti chawk a, a uar fal deuhtan phei chuan thianpa thiannu tia ko leh thuawih thei thiantangkai ti a ngai an awm fo a. Khawl a ni a, ‘chips’ (khawlpeng) te tak te te zawmkhawm a siam a ni a. Chutah chuanCPU (Central Processing Unit) a khawl pui ber, a thluakawmna hi sawi hmasak a ngai a. Chips tam tak ‘plastic’ khawngtak chungah khawl hmang vekin an han nem bet/vuah a.Chung zawng zawng leh plastic an nem behna tel vek chuan‘motherboard’ an ti a. He motherboard ah hian thil tam takCD video kan enna te, kan thil dahna ber leh computer nunnaber ‘windows’ (tukverh?) leh motherboard pu ber, a mamawhnaanga motherboard thilte hmang thei tu ‘processor’ vuah ania. He motherboard chunga dah kan sawi hnuhnun zawk hikhawl vuah ni tawh lovin mihring kuta vuah mai chi ani tawh

a. Motherboard chu bawm tha takchhungah an dah ta a, CPU tiin anvuah. Tichuan, motherboard leh CPUawmzia kan hre ta ah ngai ila

(CD tih hi chu kan hriat laranih avangin sawi fiahna fungah kanhmang fo ang)

TTTTTukvukvukvukvukverh:erh:erh:erh:erh:

Kan thupui dang leh tur chu Windows(tukverh nilo) a ni a. Computer hikhawl ani a, thluak chu a nei na meuhmai. Mahse, he thluak hi amahin anung theilo. A nun theihna ber chu kansawi tak motherboard a vuah chi HardDisk Drive (HDD) atanga program(thil tih dan tur duan lawk leh tihtheihna) tha tak dah atang a nung theiani.

Hard Disk Drive hi CD ang deuha bialrui, a tuamna tha tak nei a killi nei asiam niin a chhunga processor chhiartheih tura thil dah theihna a ni. Chumiawmzia atan chuan, CPU chhunga pro-cessor tihtur hrilhtu tur dahna ti ila afiah deuh ang. Tin, Hard diskchhungah hian hla te, video kan neihte leh software tam tak a dah theih a. A

ComputerNu leh pa te tan

Da

vid

La

lnu

ntl

ua

ng

a

Kha

tla

: ): ): ): ): )

Tech Support:Tech Support:Tech Support:Tech Support:Tech Support:

"May I ask what

operating system

you are running

today?"

Customer:Customer:Customer:Customer:Customer:

"A computer."

Basic

2nd Issue 1 71 71 71 71 7


len zawng leh tet zawng tehna te pawha nei vek a, a len hnem chuan a lianthawkhat hle tih ah hian HDDchungchang chu duhtawk hrih mai ila.

Windows tiin a hming anphuah a, keini mawl deuh taka kan thlirve dan tur chu tukverha kan dah luh a,kan ban phak apiang hawng a duh duhkan en a kan singsa vel ang hi a ni.Tichuan he Window hmang hian keinia hmangtu te chuan processor chu kanduh duh kan tih tir ta mai zawk ani.Windows hi chi hrang hrang a awm tihchu kan hre fur awm e. Chung a chihrang hrang te chu OS (Operating Sys-tem) ti a khaikhawmna hming pek ania. Kan hman lar ber tak a hi WindowsXP ani a. Windows-hi thil tha tak lehchangtlung tak, processor thil tihtheihna leh tanpuina hmang tangkaiatihtur (command) tam tak duan lawksa, a hmangtu ina a duh huna a hmehchhuah theihna a ni. Windows hi Harddisk chhunga awm kan ti a. Processornen chuan a nung thei a, mahse nunnapawimawh tak mai motherboard pawha tello-a a awm theih loh thil a nei a.Chu chu a dawt leh ah hian kan sawileh lawk ang.

RAM:RAM:RAM:RAM:RAM:

RAM (Random Access Memory) hikan thupui pakhat ani leh a. He RAMhi motherboard-ah vuahna (slot)awmin, vuah a pawh thlawn mai theihani a. Chips mai ani a motherboardang taka plastic phek tawite sin deuhtak chunga chips vuah thliah thliah(samkhuih ang tak) ani a. Thilengemaw, Windows leh Processor in aan in hlanchhawn dah lailawknahmun HDD aia te si ani. RAM hianthil a dawn theih zat tehna a nei a chuchu MB (megabyte), GB (gigabyte)te an ni a. Sawi zau belh tawh lovinRAM lian hi Windows mamawh takmai a ni a, processor eng ang pawhinchak em em mahse RAM a mamawhtawk a hmuh loh chuan Windows akan thil tih chu a muang churh theitho a ni. Entir nan Windows XP chuan

a tlem berah 128 MB a mamawh a, tam lua awm lo,amaherawhchu a tam thei ang apiang Windows hnathawhthat theihna a ni.

Kaihhnawih:Kaihhnawih:Kaihhnawih:Kaihhnawih:Kaihhnawih:

A chunga kan sawi tak te hi a khawl pui ber chauh ala ni na a,hun leh hmun indaih zawk nan a kaihhnawih dang te kankam keu deuh chauh tawh ang. Computer kan tinung a, pro-cessor motherboard ah a han nung a Windows alo nung ve tabawk a. Tichuan Windows a hna kan thawh hmuh theih nanmotherboard a bet ve ‘onboard graphics card’ hmangin TVang tak ‘monitor’ ti a an koh ah chuan lang chhuak turinWindows te, Processor te, Graphics card te tangkawp chuana rawn tilang ta a. Windows en pah a kan duh duh kan hmehnan leh kan chhut nan keyboard leh mouse CPU motherboardah chuan thlun zawm/vuah thin a ni. Tichuan kan computera ngial a ngan chuan a nung ta. Sawi hmaih hauh lo tur chu‘graphics card’ hi ani. Graphics card hi windows ina thil lememaw, hriat lar tak ‘computer game’ khelh nan hian a mamawhve hle a. Game mai lo video fiah taka en nan pawh a mamawha. Graphics card hian RAM a nei hran a motherboard a invuahsa a awm a, vuah belh theih ani bawk. Tunlaia game, thalaiinkhelh nuam an tih hian graphics card tha tak leh sang tak amamawh thin a. Graphics card hi computer that na tilang tupakhat ani ve bawk.

Awle, tangkaina nu leh pa te chungah a awm beiseiranin kan han sawi ta duah a. Nu leh pa, rual u zawk te lehnaupang zawk te, computer chanchin la hre zau vak lovin, inlo chhiar a, hriat chak riau emaw, engemaw mawlh tak in lovei palh anih chuan kan lawm hle anga, in zawhna te pawhchhan inringin kan in peih reng tih in lo hre reng dawn nia.

Bas

ic

:) :) :) :) :)

Seen on aSeen on aSeen on aSeen on aSeen on a

web page:web page:web page:web page:web page:

Need a Dial up

for DOS. And

also a

INTERNET

EXPLORER for

DOS.

Needs to run on

a 286 with 4 mb

ram.



WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Micro

wave Access) kan tih hi wire hmang lova data,

chak tak a kan in thawn kual theihna (technol-

ogy), IEEE 802.16 standard (WirelessMAN ti pawh in an

sawi bawk) a in nghat a ni a. A awmzia takah chuan he tech-

nology hmang hian hmun pakhat atangin hmun tam tak ah

data kan thawn kual thei tih na a ni ber awm e. Hmun pui

leh ram changkang zawk atang a hmun kilkhawr zawk te com-

puter hmang a thlun zawm tur chuan hun leh sum leh pai

tam tak sen a ngai thin a. WiMAX in a tum ber chu ram

changkang zawk leh hmun kilkhawr te, wire hmang miah

lova in pawh tawn theih na (wireless network), hun leh sum

hek lutuk si lova siam a ni.

WiMAX system in a ken tel lian tak pahnihte chu:WiMAX system in a ken tel lian tak pahnihte chu:WiMAX system in a ken tel lian tak pahnihte chu:WiMAX system in a ken tel lian tak pahnihte chu:WiMAX system in a ken tel lian tak pahnihte chu:

1.1.1.1.1. A WiMAX Base Station -A WiMAX Base Station -A WiMAX Base Station -A WiMAX Base Station -A WiMAX Base Station - Hetiang base station

(hmunpui) hi a chhunglam Electronics hmang a thuam a ni

a, tin, tower a awm bawk thin. Base station hian a tlangpui

chuan 10 KM thleng (A theory chuan 50 KM or 30 Miles) a

huam tel thei a. Hemi huam chhung atang hi chuan internet

hman theih vek a ni.

2.2.2.2.2. A WiMAX receiver - A WiMAX receiver - A WiMAX receiver - A WiMAX receiver - A WiMAX receiver - Hetah

hian receiver leh antenna an hmang a.

Chung receiver leh antenna chu box mal

khat emaw, Computer pangngai emaw,

Laptop a vuah mai theih PCMCIA (Per-

sonal Computer Memory Card Interna-

tional Association) card an tih ang chi

hi a ni.

Kum 2004, December thla a Aceh,

Indonesia ram a Tsunami a lo thlen tum

pawh khan in biak pawhna lam chi

reng reng chu a chhe deuh vek a,

chhiatna thlenna hmun leh hmun

dang chu in biak pawh mumal theih a

nih loh lai khan WiMAX technology

hian inbiak pawh na lam ah nasa takin

a lo pui tawh a ni.

Mobile siam tu company hrang hrang

te pawh in an hmang tangkai tawh hle

a. Sprint Nextel company phei chuan

kum 2006 lai hawl vel daih tawh ah

khan WiMAX technology hman

tangkai nan $5 billion vel an lo theh

chhuak tawh hial a ni.

WiMAXE

r. I

saac

Zo

than

pu

ia

B.E

(C

SE

)

Pro

gram

mer

, N

IC

Netw

ork

2nd Issue 1 91 91 91 91 9


WWWWWiMAX iMAX iMAX iMAX iMAX VVVVVersus ersus ersus ersus ersus WWWWWi-Fi-Fi-Fi-Fi-Fiiiii

WWWWWiMAX leh iMAX leh iMAX leh iMAX leh iMAX leh WWWWWi-Fi-Fi-Fi-Fi-Fi danglam na ber chu speed (chak lam)i danglam na ber chu speed (chak lam)i danglam na ber chu speed (chak lam)i danglam na ber chu speed (chak lam)i danglam na ber chu speed (chak lam)

leh hmun an tuam hlat theih lamah a ni a. A tlangpuiinleh hmun an tuam hlat theih lamah a ni a. A tlangpuiinleh hmun an tuam hlat theih lamah a ni a. A tlangpuiinleh hmun an tuam hlat theih lamah a ni a. A tlangpuiinleh hmun an tuam hlat theih lamah a ni a. A tlangpuiin

WWWWWi-Fi-Fi-Fi-Fi-Fi bandwith hi 2Mbps a nih laiin i bandwith hi 2Mbps a nih laiin i bandwith hi 2Mbps a nih laiin i bandwith hi 2Mbps a nih laiin i bandwith hi 2Mbps a nih laiin WWWWWiMAX bandwithiMAX bandwithiMAX bandwithiMAX bandwithiMAX bandwith

hi chu 75Mbps thleng a ni thei. hi chu 75Mbps thleng a ni thei. hi chu 75Mbps thleng a ni thei. hi chu 75Mbps thleng a ni thei. hi chu 75Mbps thleng a ni thei. WWWWWi-Fi-Fi-Fi-Fi-Fi hian feet za chuangi hian feet za chuangi hian feet za chuangi hian feet za chuangi hian feet za chuang

vel a hla a huam theih laiin, WiMAX hi chuan 10KM (6vel a hla a huam theih laiin, WiMAX hi chuan 10KM (6vel a hla a huam theih laiin, WiMAX hi chuan 10KM (6vel a hla a huam theih laiin, WiMAX hi chuan 10KM (6vel a hla a huam theih laiin, WiMAX hi chuan 10KM (6

miles) thleng pawh in a huam thei. WiMAX technologymiles) thleng pawh in a huam thei. WiMAX technologymiles) thleng pawh in a huam thei. WiMAX technologymiles) thleng pawh in a huam thei. WiMAX technologymiles) thleng pawh in a huam thei. WiMAX technology

hmang hian hmang hian hmang hian hmang hian hmang hian WWWWWi-Fi-Fi-Fi-Fi-Fi networi networi networi networi networks tam tak hi kan thlungkhawmks tam tak hi kan thlungkhawmks tam tak hi kan thlungkhawmks tam tak hi kan thlungkhawmks tam tak hi kan thlungkhawm

thei a ni. thei a ni. thei a ni. thei a ni. thei a ni. WWWWWi-Fi-Fi-Fi-Fi-Fi huam theih chin hi a zim deuh zawk avi huam theih chin hi a zim deuh zawk avi huam theih chin hi a zim deuh zawk avi huam theih chin hi a zim deuh zawk avi huam theih chin hi a zim deuh zawk avangangangangang

in hmun kan duh zau poh leh kan hnathawh theih a tlemin hmun kan duh zau poh leh kan hnathawh theih a tlemin hmun kan duh zau poh leh kan hnathawh theih a tlemin hmun kan duh zau poh leh kan hnathawh theih a tlemin hmun kan duh zau poh leh kan hnathawh theih a tlem

ve zel a. Internet chak tak mamawh reng tan chuan a hmanve zel a. Internet chak tak mamawh reng tan chuan a hmanve zel a. Internet chak tak mamawh reng tan chuan a hmanve zel a. Internet chak tak mamawh reng tan chuan a hmanve zel a. Internet chak tak mamawh reng tan chuan a hman

tlak lutuk lem loh a, a bik in internet hmang a midangtlak lutuk lem loh a, a bik in internet hmang a midangtlak lutuk lem loh a, a bik in internet hmang a midangtlak lutuk lem loh a, a bik in internet hmang a midangtlak lutuk lem loh a, a bik in internet hmang a midang

nen a game khel thin te tan phei chuan a rin tlak lutuknen a game khel thin te tan phei chuan a rin tlak lutuknen a game khel thin te tan phei chuan a rin tlak lutuknen a game khel thin te tan phei chuan a rin tlak lutuknen a game khel thin te tan phei chuan a rin tlak lutuk

lem loh a ni.lem loh a ni.lem loh a ni.lem loh a ni.lem loh a ni.

Wi-FiWi-FiWi-FiWi-FiWi-Fi

Wi-Fi (Wye-Fye ti a lam rik tur) pawh

hi wire hmang miah lova computer te

in biak pawh na (wireless network

technolgy), IEEE 802.11 standard a in

nghat, Wi-Fi Alliance Company ta a ni

a. Wi-Fi in a tum ber chu computer

network (Computer in thlunzawm)

hmang a hna kan thawh thin te tih

changtlun zel hi a ni ber. Wi-Fi hmang

hian Mobile te, Games console te, Mp3

player te hi internet nen kan connect

thei a. Hetiang chi ah hian hmun

pakhat a inthlunkhawm bik na ‘hotspots’an tih chu a awm a. He hotspots

hmang hian room pakhat, bang chhah

tak nei atang pawhin pawnlam

engemaw chen thleng pawh a

thlunzawm theih a ni.

Wi-Fi hmang hian mimal computer te

pawh hi computer dang nen

thlunzawm a, chung chu internet a

connect theih a ni a. Mobile comput-

ers kan tih te pawh Wi-Fi hotspots

hmang hian internet nen thlunzawm

mai theih a ni. Digital camera atang

pawh in wire hmang miah lovin thlalak

te kan thawn kual thei a ni.

Net

wor

k



Hmasawnna thang zel in mizo thalaite nasa tak in

min tuam chho ve zel a. A bik in IT kan tih hi

nasa tak a hmansual theih, min ti chhe theitu a ni

tih kan hre awm e. Mobile te kan ti a, a chhe zawng a min

beih na te hnuchhawnin, kan tana a tangkaina te hi thlir thei

hram hram ila a duhawm hle mai. Tunah pawh hian kan

hriat na ti zautu leh min tibengvartu a nih beiseiin he thu

tawi te hi ka han ziak ve a ni e.

ChipsChipsChipsChipsChips

“Chip” tih hi keini thangtharte bengah chuan a ri ngun ve

hle awm e. Wikipedia chuan “Emiconducting material a in-

tegrated circuit va phum hnan(belhbawm) ” ( small piece of

semiconducting material (usually silicon) on which an inte-

grated circuit is embedded ) a ti a. A size zawng chuan te tak

te, 1/4 sq inches vel lek a ni. Chu chip ah chuan, electronic

components chi hrang hrang ( eg., transistors) a inphum ru

teuh bawk. Chutiang chip tam tak ( thawhdan hrang theuh)

chu electronic board ah an han phum(Belhbawm) ta thin a.

Chu ngei mai chu “Printed circuit board” kan tih mai hi a lo

CHIPS ni a. Printed Circuit board ho hi a

chhunga chip hnathawh dan hrang

hrang a zirin koh dan a dang ve zel a.

Computer-a an hman “printed circuit

board” hi motherboard an ti bik a. Chu

Motherboard chhunga chip hrang

hrang chu ‘CPU chips’ ( microproces-

sors) tiin hming an vuah kher bawk.

CPU Chip te hian Processing Unit an

nei theuh a, mahse, Memory chips

(Entir nan., DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM

etc)an tih ho erawh chuan Blank

memory an nei ve thung.

Chip te hi mihring te’n nitina kan

chhawr em em thil tamtakah hian a

inphum ru teuh a. Coffee machine

atanga satellite thlengin, traffic control-

ler te, computer ah te hian a lo inphum

vek zuk nia. Chip te hi Silicon material

atanga chherchhuah a ni a, design dan

leh program dan a zirin a thawh dan a

lo danglam ve zel thin.

&E

r. L

alk

hu

ms

an

ga

Ass

ista

nt S

yste

m E

ngin

eer

- Tr

aine

e (A

.S.E

-T)

Cog

niza

nt T

echn

olog

y S

olut

ions

, N

oida

Chips

Technology is

a gift of God.

After the gift of

life it is per-

haps the

greatest of

God's gifts. It

is the mother

of civilizations,

of arts and of

sciences.

-FreemanFreemanFreemanFreemanFreeman

DysonDysonDysonDysonDyson

2nd Issue 2 12 12 12 12 1


Tunlai khawvel changkang chho zelahchip thawh chakna tur leh a size te theiang bera siam tumin Company te aninel nasa hle a. Company thenkhatchuan chip tih tet lam ngawr ngawrbakah, chak leh zual zawka data thawn(send/transmit) dan te an ngaituah mekzel bawk a. Data thawnna médium atanOptical fibre hman te pawh anintihhmuh chho tan hle bawk. Chipchi hrang hrang te zinga hnathawk chak(smart) ber mai chu Microprocessorkan tih ho hi an ni. Anni ho hian, Sec-ond khat chhungin Instruction (hna)Maktaduai tamtak an thawk (execute)zo hman a ni.

Le!! Tunah chuan, Chip chu “eng nge anih, engti chiahin nge hna a thawh!?”tih te kan hre ta a. He Chip te reuh temai hian mihringte nun nasa takin a lokhawih danglam tawh a, a la khawihdanglam zel dawn bawk niin a lang.

Tunlai khawvela Software changkangchho zelah Chatting lam Software te

CHATSpawh a tamin hriat sen loh a ni der tawh. Mizo thalaite, chatlama kan intih hmuh vak hun lai te pawh khan kum li vel laichu min lo liamsan leh ta der mai. Software changkang chhozela Hacker leh Cracker te pawh an fing chho zel a, Chatbotchangkang tak tak siam chhuakin mi thuruk tamtak an ruchhuak thei ta hial mai!! Chatbot “Cyber Lover” an tih phei

chuan a chat puite hnen atangin pri-vate information te a zawt chhuak

thin a ni awm e. He “CyberLover” hi artificial intelligencethiamna hmanga in automatechho chawp zel tura duan

(Programme) a ni. He chatbothian a chatmate te a convince hneh

thei hle a, mihring tak tak chat puiah aninngai chawk. A victim te hi private websitea kawhhmuh a, chuta tang chuan Malware

(virus tenau) a install tir ta thin a, tichuan a duhtawkin anpersonal information a khawih chingpen sak ta thin a ni.

Tichuan, tunlai changkanna hian a nangching ve che a, I lochat ve thin a nih chuan I lo fimkhur tawh thin dawn nia…

A chung a kan sawi tak te khi famkim lo hle mahse, chhiar tuten hlawk na kan hman phah chuan a lawmawm hle ah kangai a. IT hriatna leh thiamna lamah chona min petu, kankhawhawi tizautu a lo nih hlauh chuan, chu chu kahlawhtlinna a ni tih min lo hriat sak dawn nia.

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Mobile

O2 Xda atom:

Xda Atom hian Wi-Fi technology a hmang a, a camera hi 2-megapixel ani. Windows mobile 5.0 a run a ni a. A len zawng chu Xda II Mini te nena in ang.

Nokia N70:

Nokia N-Series naute an tih mai thin a ni na in, camera 2-megapixelsmai bak ah bluetooth a support a. 64MB MMC a nei bawk.

O2 Xda II Mini:

Xda IIs leh Xphone II an launch atang tawh in a lar tan tawh a. Tunahchuan O2 hian a that zia a rawn pho chhuak chiang hle a ni.

Sony Ericsson Z520i:

Hetiang phone hi hman a awlsam mai bak ah light effects nei tha tak ani. Media editing lam pawh awlsam takin a tih theih a. VGA camera aneih mai bakah MP3 a support bawk.

Sony Ericsson W800i:

Hetiang phone hi Walkman-Branded niin, darkar 30 chhung MP3 a playtheih. 512MB memory card a hmang a. Camera 2-megapixles a neibawk.

Sony Ericsson W550i:Hei pawh hi Walkman phone tho a ni a. A tuai vir theih mai bakah, chungkhuhna a nei. Blutooth a support a, MP3 a support bawk.

O2 Xda Mini Pro:

Hetiang phone ah hian Xda II Mini PDA-phone a kan duh ang chi hi chua kim a ni ber mai. Computer keyboard ang chi hi a nei a, Wi-Fi tech-nology a hmang bawk.

Motorola V3 Razr :

He Motorola V3 hi motorola zing ah chuan a pan ber (thinnest) a. Mimalleh professionals tan pawh a hman tlak ber pawl a ni.

Nokia N90:

Nokia N90 hian camera 2-megapixels a neih mai bakah Carl Zeiss Lensan tih chu a nei a. Phone camera a thlalak lai hian camera hi nasa takina adjust theih.

Sony Ericsson K750i:

2-megapixel camera, MP3 playback, FM radio, videorecording, Bluetooth, 32MB internal memory leh64MB Memory nei chung hian, Sony Ericsson'sK750i hi kum 2005 vel a phone hman tlak ber a niawm e.

TOP 10 MOBILE PHONETOP 10 MOBILE PHONETOP 10 MOBILE PHONETOP 10 MOBILE PHONETOP 10 MOBILE PHONE

2nd Issue 2 32 32 32 32 3


TUIFINRIAT HNUAI AINTERNET GLOBALTRANSMISSON NETWORKBUAINA

Middle East, India leh South EastAsia te thlunzawmna bulpui berInternet Global Communication

Channel tuifinriat hnuaia inzam pharhbuaina hi kumin kum tir January ni 30,2008 khan intanin, a tir berah chuanchannel pawimawh ber zinga mi fibre opticpakhat chu a bung tih hmuhchhuah a ni a,a hnuah pahnih hmuh a ni leh a, an han chhui chian deuh hnuah chuan fibre optic cablepanga Egypt leh Persian Gulf inkar ami chu a chat vek tih hmuhchhuah a ni ta a ni. Hecable chah chhan hi lawng hnuk dingtu (anchor) ina a hnuhchah palh niin an ring a.Official hriatpui lova hetiang thil a thleng mai hian titi a ti tamin zawhna tam tak a rawnpiang ta a ni.

January ni 30 khan Alexandria atanga mel 5, Egypt leh Mediterranean Tuipui hnuaia cablepahnih 400 yards-a inhlatte chu a chat a, heta hrui pakhat zawk hi Indian company FLAGTelecom ta ani a, a dang zawk hi chu SEA-ME-WE4 company hrang hrang 16 intawm ani a, he hrui hian Singapore, Marseille leh France a khawpui 16 te a thlunzawm a .

He hrui bung avang hian Egypt chuan internet connectivity zaa sawmsarih chu a hlohnghal vek a, India chuan 50% a hloh ve nghal bawk. Hei vang hian kumin kum tir lam lehtunlai thleng hian India ah pawh internet a muan phah em em a. FLAG Telecom te chuanhe hrui chah chhan ber hi Lawng hnukding tu (anchor) a ni tiin sawi mahse Egypttelecommunication industry te chuan hemi hun lai hian lawng reng reng a awm loh thu ansawi ve hlauh thung lawi si.

A hrui thumna Flag Telecom te hrui a chah tum hian ral lehlampang Arabian PeninsulaDubai tuipui bula online mek te chuan he hrui chah avanga harsatna hi an tawk tan a, heihian titi rawn ti tam tanin mite chuan an ngaihdan an rawn phuh chhuak ta a, a theninAmerican hovin Iran run nana an tih chah a ni ang te an ti a, a thenin Jehadi tuihnuai lutmi (scuba divers) ten American NSA (National Security Agency ) te tihbuai nana antihchah ni tein an sawi bawk a ni. Skeptics vethung erawh chuan tuihnuai lirnghing lehtuihnuai lei tawlh te avanga heng hruite hi bung niin a sawi ve thung a ni. Heng ngaihdanleh rinna chi hrang hrang zingah hian FLAG Telecom te rindan lawng hnuk dingtu in atihchah a ni tih chu mi rinkailo ber te zinga mi a ni ta a ni.

He hrui chat avang hian United Arab Emirates a internet hmangtu 1.7 million, India a 60million, Pakistan a 12 million, Egypt a 6 million leh Saudi Arabia a 4.7 million te chuan antuar phah. He hrui chat avang hian khawvela internet te chu a muan phah ta em em a ni.Hrui pathumna thleng hi chu a chhiat chhan hriat chhuah ani ta lo a, pangnga na hiPower kalsual avanga chhia nia hriatchhuah a ni a, amaherawh chu mipui lam erawhchuan thildang vang niin an rin phah vek tawh thung a ni. Tunah hian mithiamten an chhuimek a, siamthat leh nan ni 3 ni 4 vel a ngaih dawn thu an sawi. Heng thil thleng avanghian Pentagon chuan “Hmelma te hmanrua” an tih phah hial a ni.

Tun

lai



Kum 2008 kum bul kan tan a, Zirlai hranghrang te tan chuan zirna lama Career kan siamna hun pawimawh lai tak kan

chuangchhuak leh ta reng mai le. Zirna leh Career siamnakawtchhuah, HSLC kan han pass zawh chiah hian zirlaite chuan kan hmabak kawng thui tak zawh tura uluk takakan kalna tur kan thlan a ngai thin. Keimahni maia mahnikalna han haikuak vek mai hi thil harsa tak a nih avang hiankan kal tumna lama experience lo nei tawh te kan rawn a tulthin.India ramah hian Institute thahnem tak , dan lo anga Certifi-cate pechhuak thin tam tak a awm a. Phai lama Lehkha zir turten fimkhur taka kan zirna tur kan thlan a ngai a ni. India ramazirna zawng zawng engkawltu leh thuneitu ber chu Universityof Grant Commission (UGC) a ni a, College leh University zawngzawng a Certificate leh Degree pekchhuah reng reng te hi UGChian a pawmpui ngei ngei a ngai a ni.November 27th , 2007,khan State hrang hranga UGC pawmpui loh Univiversity leh Insti-tution hrang hrang (FAKE UNIVERSITY) hmuhchhuah a ni a,Heng atanga zirchhuak te reng reng hi UCG chuan a pawm lo tihkan hriat ngei ngei a ngai a ni.

STSTSTSTSTAAAAATE-TE-TE-TE-TE-WISES LIST OF FWISES LIST OF FWISES LIST OF FWISES LIST OF FWISES LIST OF FAKE UNIVERSITAKE UNIVERSITAKE UNIVERSITAKE UNIVERSITAKE UNIVERSITY :Y :Y :Y :Y :

BIHAR : Maithili University / Vishwavidyalaya,darbhanga,BiharDELHI:1. Varanaseya Sankrit / Vishwavidyalaya,darbhanga, Varanasy (UP) jagatpuri,Delhi2. Commercial University Ltd.Daryaganj,Delhi.3. United Nations University,Delhi.4. Vocational university,Delhi5. ADR-Centric Juridical University,New Delhi 110-008.KARNAKARNAKARNAKARNAKARNATTTTTAKA : AKA : AKA : AKA : AKA : Badaganvi Sarkar World Open University Education Society , Golak, BelgaumKERELKERELKERELKERELKERELA : A : A : A : A : St.Joh’s University, Kashanttam,KerelaMADYA PRADESH :MADYA PRADESH :MADYA PRADESH :MADYA PRADESH :MADYA PRADESH : Kesarwani Vidhyapith,Jabalpur (MP)MAHARASTRA : MAHARASTRA : MAHARASTRA : MAHARASTRA : MAHARASTRA : Raja Arabic University,NagpurTTTTTAMIL NADU : AMIL NADU : AMIL NADU : AMIL NADU : AMIL NADU : DDB Sanskrit University,Putur,Trichi,Tamil NaduUTUTUTUTUTTTTTTAR PRADESH :AR PRADESH :AR PRADESH :AR PRADESH :AR PRADESH :1. Mahila Gram Vidyapith / Vishwavidyalaya, (Women’s University) Prayag, Allahabad, UP2. India Education Council of UP, Lucknow(UP)3. Gandhi Hindi Vidyapith,Prayag,Allahabad(UP)4. National University of Electro Complex Homeopathy, Kanpur5. Netaji Subhash Chandra bose University (Open University) Achaltal,Aligarh (UP)6. Uttar Pradesh vishwavidayalaya,Kosi Kalan, Mathura(UP)7. Maharana Partap Shiksha Neiketan Vishwavidyalaya, Pratapgarh(UP)8. Gurukul Vishwavidyalaya, Vrindavan,UP9. Indraprastha Shiksha Parishad, Institutional Area, Khoda,Makanpur, noida,Phase-II (UP)10. Indian Institute of Science and Engineering.

Er.

R D

eng

chh

un

ga

B.T

ech

CS

E

Sen

ior

Fac

ulty

, DO

EA

CC

Career GuidanceT E C H N I C A L S T U D I E ST E C H N I C A L S T U D I E ST E C H N I C A L S T U D I E ST E C H N I C A L S T U D I E ST E C H N I C A L S T U D I E S

Career G

uidance

2nd Issue 2 52 52 52 52 5


Car

eer

Gui

danc

e

Heng a chunga kan

han tarchhuah te khian

UGC rules ( Section

22 of UGC Acts, 1956

) an bawhchhiat

avangin India Sorkar

chuan University a

Course offers leh

Certifcate te hi a

pawm lo tih kan hriat

a tha awm e. Hei vang

hian a bik takin zirlai

te leh hna zawng mek

te hian Vision tha tak

nen uluk taka kan Ca-

reer kan siam theihna

turin Career Guidance mumal tak neih

pawimawh em em a.ni. Tun tumah hian

Mizoram Sorkar kaltlanga Zirna awm

thei hrang hrang Certificate Level

atanga Degree Level te han tarlang ila

Degree Courses :Degree Courses :Degree Courses :Degree Courses :Degree Courses : Degree course ah hian

zir tur chi hrang hrang tam tak a awm

a; chung te chu a tlangpuiin Entrance

Exam leh interview kaltlang a luh a ni

a. Mizoramah chuan professional

courses zirna hi kan nei lova; Govt. of

India atanga min rawn pek vek a ni a.

chumi a zir tur chu Higher & Techni-

cal Education Deptt. chuan Entrance

Exam hmangin a thlang thin. Tin,

Degree courses zirna college leh all In-

dia joint entrance Exam kaltlangte pawh

in a luh theih bawk. Tin, eng Courses

pawh zir dawn ila kan zirna tur Insti-

tution / College kha India ram a zirna

lama thuneituten UGC emaw AICTE

an pawm em tih kan hriat chian

hmasak a ngai .

Diploma Courses :Diploma Courses :Diploma Courses :Diploma Courses :Diploma Courses : Diploma course ah

hian zir tur chi hrang hrang tam tak a awm a; chung te chu a

tlangpuiin Entrance Exam leh interview kaltlang a luh a ni a.

Tun din hmunah hian kan mamawh ang zawng zawng

phuhruk turin Mizoramah chuan professional courses zirna

hi kan nei tam lova; Mizoram Polytechnic Lunglei te, Women

Polytechnic Aizawl te, Regional institute Of Paramedical &

Nursing Science, Zemabawk leh DOEACC centre, Zuangtui

te deuh chauh kan nei a. Heng institution a lut tur te hi

Higher & Technical Education chuan a lo buaipui a. Heng

bak ah hian Course thenkhat Govt. of India atangin min

rawn pe bawk a. Mizoram State quota-a zir tur chu Higher

& Technical Education Deptt. Chuan Entrance Exam

hmangin a thlang thin. Tin, Diploma courses zirna Institu-

tion, State leh All India Joint Entrance Exam kaltlangte pawh

in a luh theih bawk.

Certificate Courses :Certificate Courses :Certificate Courses :Certificate Courses :Certificate Courses : Certificate course ah hian zir tur chi hrang

hrang tam tak a awm a; chung te chu a tlangpuiin Entrance

Exam leh interview kaltlang a luh a ni a; ITI te, Regional insti-

tute Of Paramedical & Nursing Science, Zemabawk leh

DOEACC centre, Zuangtui te deuh chauh kan nei a. Heng

institution bakah hian Mizoram Polytechnic Lunglei ah leh

Women Polytechnic Aizawl ah te hian Cl VIII atanga zirtheih

tur course NVET SCHEME hawn a ni bawk. Tin, veng/khua

in a mamamawh dan azirin mipuite chhawr tur Community

Polytechnic scheme – Polytechnic awmsa beh chhan a siam a

awm bawk a, hemi ah hian zirtur a sawi lawk theih loh va,



Career G

uidance

survey te neih hnuah course chu thlan thin a ni.

IT Education lama kan dinhmun :IT Education lama kan dinhmun :IT Education lama kan dinhmun :IT Education lama kan dinhmun :IT Education lama kan dinhmun :

Computer lam zirna ti ila, a chiang mai awm e. Chi hnih,

hardware lam leh software lam in an in then a. Hardware lam

ho chuan computer siam chhuah leh servicing lam an khawih

deuh a, design lam te, research leh development lam te

khawihin computer siam chhuaktu company ah te an thawk

tlangpui.Software lam chuan programming lam an khawih a,

company leh sorkar lamah computer hmanga hna an thawhna

ah an thawk tlangpui. India ram hi khawvelah computer zirna

man tlawmna leh thiam tamna a ni a, foreign a thawk duh

tan pawh remchang a tam hle. Zir dan pawh chi hrang hrang

a awm. University course pangaiah hardware lam zir turin

BE/B.Tech an zir thei a,software lam zir turin BCA/MCA te

an zir thei bawk. Computer company lian ho te pawhin course

zir tur an nei bawk. Dept. of Electronics Accredited Com-

puter Courses (DOEACC) atang pawhin Level hrang hrang

a zir theih. Mizoramah Govt.Zirtiri Residential Science Col-

lege ah BCA zirna kan nei a, Govt.Serchhip College ah kan

nei bawk. Tin, DOEACC Centre, Zuangtui ah level hrang

hrang zirna kan nei mek a, ICFAI(Institute of Chartered Fi-

nancial Analysts of India) University, Chaltlang,Aizawlah BCA

zirna kan nei bawk. ICFAI Aizawl bakah ICFAI University

Agartala leh ICFAI Univ. hmun dangah the BCA leh MCA

zirna te a awm bawk.

Tunhma kha chuan PUSc emaw a

tlukpui a ti tha te kha an tih that dan

indawt in heng technical course zir tur

hian interview board chuan a thlang

mai thin a.Hei hi a that tawk viau laiin

fel tawk chiahlo deuh a hriatna te a awm

deuh avangin 1999 atang khan thil a

lo fel zawk nan Higher and Technical

Education Department hnuai a Tech-

nical Education Cell enkawlna hnuaiah

awmin felfai takin heng zirna te hi Bi-

ology group leh Mathematics group

(Engineering group) ah te then a ni a,

kum tin May thla ah Technical Selec-

tion Exam buatsaih thin a a

ni,.Technical Selection Board chuan

course hrang hrang zir turte chu merit

system a thlangin India ram hmun

hrang hrang a seat kan neih na Techni-

cal Institute hrang hrangah an lo tir

chhuak ta thin a ni.Hrechiang duhte

chuan englai pawhin office hun

chhungin Directorate of Higher &

Technical Education Office,Technical

Wing-ah zawh fiah theih reng a ni.

2nd Issue 2 72 72 72 72 7


Car

eer

Gui

danc

e

Heng kan han sawi bakah hian Technical Education hnuaiah course hrang hrang zir tur la awm te

han tarlang ila a tha awm e :

1. B1. B1. B1. B1. Biotechnologiotechnologiotechnologiotechnologiotechnology & Gy & Gy & Gy & Gy & Genetic Eenetic Eenetic Eenetic Eenetic Engineeringngineeringngineeringngineeringngineering

2. I2. I2. I2. I2. Infornfornfornfornformation mation mation mation mation TTTTTechnologechnologechnologechnologechnologyyyyy

3. Management Studies3. Management Studies3. Management Studies3. Management Studies3. Management Studies

4. Accountancy/Chartered Accountant4. Accountancy/Chartered Accountant4. Accountancy/Chartered Accountant4. Accountancy/Chartered Accountant4. Accountancy/Chartered Accountant

5. F5. F5. F5. F5. Fashionashionashionashionashion

6. Hotel Management6. Hotel Management6. Hotel Management6. Hotel Management6. Hotel Management

7. F7. F7. F7. F7. Food ood ood ood ood TTTTTechnologechnologechnologechnologechnologyyyyy

8. B8. B8. B8. B8. Beauty Ceauty Ceauty Ceauty Ceauty Cararararare & Cosmetologe & Cosmetologe & Cosmetologe & Cosmetologe & Cosmetologyyyyy

9. Hospital Administration9. Hospital Administration9. Hospital Administration9. Hospital Administration9. Hospital Administration

10. Environmental Science & Engineering10. Environmental Science & Engineering10. Environmental Science & Engineering10. Environmental Science & Engineering10. Environmental Science & Engineering

11. M11. M11. M11. M11. Mass Communication & Jass Communication & Jass Communication & Jass Communication & Jass Communication & Jourourourourournalismnalismnalismnalismnalism

12. Legal Studies12. Legal Studies12. Legal Studies12. Legal Studies12. Legal Studies

13. Interior Design:13. Interior Design:13. Interior Design:13. Interior Design:13. Interior Design:

Heng te hi kim chang zawkin next issue ah rawn tihlan a ni ang.



Computer chhung a thil reng reng hi 0 leh 1 hmang vek a dah a ni kan ti a, engtin chiah nge

dah a nih theih? Kan hriat theuh angin tunlaia kan computer te hi ‘Digital Computers’ kan

ti a. Kan tih chhan pawh computer chhung a information kan dah reng reng hi binary (0 leh

1) hmang veka dah a nih vang a ni. 0 leh 1 hmang hian computer chhung a information zawng zawng

hi dah vek theih a ni a. Entirna tlem han pe ila:

0 leh 1 te hi group in rem ila, combination chi hrang hrang kan nei thei a, group khat a 2 zel kan dah

chuan hetiang combination hi kan nei thei:

00 01 10 11

Group khata 8 kan dah chuan “byte” kan ti a, hemi hi computer-a kan thil dah len zawng sawi nan a

kan hman ber a ni. Tichuan group khata 8 kan dah chuan combination 256 kan nei thei ta a, hetah

hian English alphabet (a lian leh a te), punctuation leh number digit hrang hrang a awm thei ta a ni.

BINARY?BINARY?BINARY?BINARY?BINARY?

Computer-a thil kan dah reng reng hi binary form vek a

dah a ni tih kan sawi tawh a, chuvangin eng thil pawh

number a ni tihna a lo ni ta a nih chu. He binary number

hi chhinchhiah harsa tak a nih avangin a decimal value

zel in entir a ni thin. “Computer” tih nge hriat awlsam

“ 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

01110101011101000110010101110010”?

He decimal value hi a hmingah chuan ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

vuah a ni a, khawvel hmun hrang hrang a hmanlai mek a ni.

Fig-1 a kan hmuh ang hian, COMPUTER tih thu hi

Computer chhungah chuan hetiang hian a in dah tha

dawn a ni:

01000011 01101111 01101101 01110000 01110101

01110100 01100101 01110010

Hetiang chiah hian computer-a kan thil dah that duh

chu picture a ni emaw, video a ni emaw, audio a nih pawh

in a lo in dah tha thin.

Er.

R.L

alc

hh

an

him

a

B.E

(C

SE

)

Sys

tem

Int

egra

tor,

Info

rmat

ion

& C

omm

unic

atio

n Te

chno

logy

In- D

epth

2nd Issue 2 92 92 92 92 9


Binary leh Decimal:Binary leh Decimal:Binary leh Decimal:Binary leh Decimal:Binary leh Decimal:

A hmaa kan sawi ang khan binary leh decimal chu number chhiar dan chi 2 a

ni tih kan hre tawh a, binary leh decimal inlaichinna tlem lo tarlang leh ila:

Hetiang hian number zawng zawngte pawh hi binary form vek in dah theih a

ni. 0 leh 1 chauh hman a ngaih vang erawh chuan binary form chuan digit a

mamawh tam hle.

Hemi 0 leh 1 chauh hmang hian text chauh lo pawh picture, video, audio etc.

zawng zawng pawh dah theih a ni a, mahse khami hrethiam tur khan com-

puter chuan a format kha a hriatthiam ve a ngai a, chuvangin application soft-

ware hrang hrang kan lo neih phah ta a ni. Entirnan, Text file format (.txt)

hawng tur chuan Notepad kan nei a, Rich Text Format (.rtf ) hawng tur chuan

Wordpad kan nei bawk a, mp3 format hrethiam thei Winamp etc kan nei

bawk.

Hemi bakah hian thil pakhat leh chu; 0 leh 1 te hi thil chi hrang hrang hmanga dah an ni thin a,

magnetic disk, hard disk leh floppy disk ah te chuan magnetic polarity (N-S) hmanga dah a ni a:

Optical Disks; CD/DVD ah ve thung chuan a pawng leh khuar (pits and falls) hmang a ‘0’

leh ‘1’ hi entir an ni ve thung.

0 leh 1 hi electrical circuit a kan kaltir angaih avangin electrical signal hmanga kan entir a ngai

thung ta a, chuvangin electrical voltage hmanga entir (represent) a ni thin a ni. Entirnan, 0 chu -5V,

1 chu +5V.

Awle, khami zawng kha ni phawt se, a dawt leh (next issue) ah format hrang hrang, virus thawhdan,

CD/ floppy/hard disk thawhdan etc, chhiartute duh ang kan rawn ziak leh dawn nia.

Computer Hardware & Software EngineeringDiploma Course hrang hrang kan zirtir thei reng e.

For details contact :Er. Zohmachhuana Khawlhring, BS(CSE)

KCIT, Dr. N. Pallai Building,Zarkawt, Aizawl, Ph. 2343380

In-

Dep

th

KCIT



Computer a kan thu dahluh te reng reng hi Data

an ni vek mai ti ila kan sawi sual awm lo ve. Hengkan thil dah luh te hi awlsam taka a tul anga kan

hman theih nan mumal taka remkhawm a ni a, data kandahluh dan kalhmang te, a tul anga kan remkhawm dan te,leh mamawh a zira kawng hrang hranga kan han hman dante , Computer hmanga a tul anga kan duh kan zawnchhuahtheih dan te, paih then, dahbelh, mumal taka remkhawmetc. te hi Data Structure tiin kan sawi thei bawk ang. Tuntumah hian Data structure hmanraw pakhat awlsam taka kanduh hun hun a computer a kan thil dahluh sa zawn chhuahtheihna HASHING hi han bihchiang ila a tha awm e.

Computer hmang thin te leh a zir tawh te chuan thilzawn (searching) hi kan hre theuh awm e. Kan thil zawn duhhriattheihna tur tlem (key), kan han thunlut a chumi hmangchuan computer chuan kan thil duh te kha min zawnsak tathin a ni. Kan file, a awmna kan hriat tawhloh kan zawnchuan file hming tlem (a hming pum kher a ngailo) kan hanthunlut a, chu chu computer a file awm zawng zawng nenkhan an khaikhin (compare) a, chumi hnuah a inmil a awmchuan kan thil zawn kha kan hmu a, a inmil a awmloh chuankan hmulo tihna a ni. Hetia khaikhin hian hun a duh rei hlethin. Hetianga khaikhin kher lo hian rang takin thil zawndan a awm a, chu chu HASHING hi a ni.

Hashing hi hash addressing tiin an sawi bawk thin a,Database developer tan a pawimawh hle a ni. Engtin ngehashing ah chuan khaikhin (Key comparison) a ngaih ve lohtheih i han sawifiah dawn teh ang :-

File pakhat F kan nei a, chufile ah chuan records kan neih zat ‘n’nise, he kan file neih hi memory ahtable angin kan dah a, chu tablememory locations chuan addressesavaiin L zat a nei a ni. Chu kan filechuan key set K (k1,k2,k3,…..kL) a neia, he key hmang hian chu file a recordawm zawng zawng chu a hrang theuhinan awmna a zawnchhuah theih a ni.He key atanga address hre thei turchuan hash function (H )kan neih angai a, chu function chu hash key (K )ah kan thun (apply) anga hash addresschu alo chhuak mai dawn a ni.

H:K g L

Hash function kan siam dawn rengreng chuan heng a hnuaia mi pahnihte hi kan hre tur a ni :1) Awlsam te in hash address a chhutchhuah theih tur a ni.2) Hash address te a theih ang anginkan memory address neih ah sem rualtur ani.Hash function thlandan thenkhat loenchhin ila :-

1) Midsquare method:-1) Midsquare method:-1) Midsquare method:-1) Midsquare method:-1) Midsquare method:- Hetah hichuan a key te kha kan square (k2)anga, chu chu a sir ve ve kan paih thenhnu ah kan la mai dawn a ni .

2) Folding Method:-2) Folding Method:-2) Folding Method:-2) Folding Method:-2) Folding Method:- Hetah ve thungchuan kan key te kha kan thensawmhnu ah kan belh leh anga chu chu kanhmang mai dawn a ni .

Heti hian entirna pe ila a chiang maiawm e:- Company pakhat chuanhnathawktu 68 a nei a, chu ahnathawktu te chu digit li a sei Iden-tity number pek a duh a, chung digit

HASHINGE

r. V

anla

lhru

aia

B.E

(C

SE

)

Lect

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, P

olyt

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ic,

Lung

lei

Student’s C

orner

2nd Issue 3 13 13 13 13 1


li te chu memory address 00,01,02,03,……..,99 ah dah a duh ta a . Eg:- Identity number: 3205, 7148, 2345 Heng a chung a identity number te hi kan hash function sawitak ah te khian han en chin teh ang 1) Midsquare Method:-1) Midsquare Method:-1) Midsquare Method:-1) Midsquare Method:-1) Midsquare Method:- Identity Number (Hash key )K : 3205 7148 2345 K2 : 1027272727272025 5109393939393904 549999999999025

Hash address : 72 93 99A dinglam atanga chhiar a digit 4na leh digit 5 na te hi hash address atan hman a ni.

2) Folding Method:- 2) Folding Method:- 2) Folding Method:- 2) Folding Method:- 2) Folding Method:- Identity Number (Hash key ) K : 3205 7148 2345Hass Address : H(3205)=32+05=3737373737 , H(7148)=71+48=119119119119119 , H(2345)=23+45=6868686868

Hetiang hian kan data te chuan key an nei anga , kan dah luh hma khan kha key hmang khana awmna tur kan chhut chhuak phawt anga, chumi hnu ah chuan kan dah thei chauh a ni. Chutia kandah hnu chuan lo zawng leh duh ni ila, chu key hmang chuan kan zawng ang a, a key hmang khanhash address kan zawng chhuak leh ang a, chuta tang chuan chu address ah chuan data a awm leh awmloh kan hre thei tawh ang. Thil pakhat kan hriat tur chu hash key hrang pahnih (k1,k2) chi hash function a kan thunhnuah hash address inang alo chhuak thei a, hei hi collision an ti. Chutiang a lo awm anih chuanchuta dah tur a kan ruahman data chu a dawt leha memory address ruak hmasaber ah khan dah maitur a ni. Hash function chi hrang hrang a awm thei a, kan han tarlante hi chu entirna chauh a ni. Collisionalo awm a tihdan tur (collision resolution) pawh tam tak a awm a, chung zawng zawng chu ziah senani lo a, a tui zualte tan kan han tarlang a ni. Hashing hi a pawimawhin a tangkai em em a, chutih rual chuan thiam tak nih chu a har hle a ,file lian tham tak tak khawih thinte leh data structure lam khawih thin te chuan chiang tak a kan hriata tul hle a ni.

Khatla Dawrkawn, Aizawl - 796001, Mizoram.Contact Nos. : 0389 - 2333861(R)/2335719 (O)

COMPUTER SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTComputer Software hrang hrangte hi in duhthusam angin kan siamsak thei a che u.

DAWR-A I HMAN ATAN :

- Daily Sales, Stock Recording Computer hmanga fel fai taka record-na

- VAT Recording chungchangah buaina I nei em?? Fel taka VAT I chhun luh theihna tur

OFFICE

- Service Record fel taka vawn I duh em ? - Accounts fel fai taka vawn I duh em ?

- Payroll awlsam leh fel faia siam I duh em ? - Provident Fund vawn that

KOHHRAN

- Thlatin Pathian ram thawhlawm hrang hrang record-na

SCHOOL

- Zirlai record kimchang vawn nan, Result-te leh Fee Collection Record

COMPUTER ZIRNA Computer Course hrang hrang zir theih te

DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER APPLICATION ( 6 Months / 1½ Hrs / 5 days )

CERTIFICATE IN COMPUTER APPLICATION ( 3 Months / 1½ Hrs / 5 days )

SHORT TERM COURSE HRANG HRANG

Stu

dent

’s C

orne

r



Kan nitin nunkawng ah awlsam zawk leh fel fai zawk

a hna kan thawh theih nan computer kan hmang

nasa ta hle a. Computer application ho zing ah Ex-

cel hi thil har lutuk ni si lo ah chuan a pawimawh ber pawl a

ni mai awm e. Excel hmang a hnathawk thin te tan leh, Excel

zir duh hrim hrim te min pui tu a nih theih tak in tun ah

hian tlem a zawng kan zir chiang dawn a ni.

Tun tum bik ah chuan Cell References chungchang hi lo zir

chiang dawn ila. Cell Reference hmang hian worksheet hran

hran a mi, value hrang hrang te lakhawm in kan duh na

hmunah kan chhut chhuak thei thin.

1.Cell Reference by pointing:1.Cell Reference by pointing:1.Cell Reference by pointing:1.Cell Reference by pointing:1.Cell Reference by pointing:

Heihi tih dan (method) awlsam ber a ni a. Formula kan dah

duhna cell kha mouse arrow hmang a point (tin zawn) mai

tur a ni. Kan formula hman duh chu kan type thei tho na in,

type sual palh a awm fo thin a, entir nan D52 cell ah formula

i lo type duh a, mahse E52 cell ah zawk i lo type palh chuan

a result kha a danglam mai dawn a ni.

Hemi tih dan hi step by step in lo zir chiang dawn ila:

1. Formula i dah duhna cell chu select (vawikhat click) la.

2. Equal sign (=) type la, emaw Edit formula button ah click

mai la.

3. Chu cell (equal sign type na) ah

chuan cell dang hmangin formula I lo

siam dawn ta a, formula siamna tur cell

chu vawikhat click la. Chu cell i click

address a piang chu a tir a cell i select

ah khan a lo lang ang.

4. Operator i hman duh ber enter la,

entir nan ‘+’ emaw, ‘-‘ sign te leh a dang

te pawh.

5. Operator type zawh ah cell dang kan

duh a kha click leh mai tur a ni.

Fig 1. lem atang hian a chiang thei mai

awm e.

A lem a kan hmuh ang hian. Maths a

mark hmuh zat kan belhkhawm dawn

a, result kan dah duhna a D7 type lo

khan, maths mark hmasa ber 45

awmna cell kha kan click a. D7 kha

formula kan hman tumna cell ah khan

a lo lang mai thin. Type sual palh chang

a awm thin avangin hei hian nasa tak

in min pui ve a ni.

Fig 1. Cell Reference by

pointing:

Er.

R.

Lal

maw

ipu

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.E (

CS

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Pro

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2nd Issue 3 33 33 33 33 3


2. Using Relative References:2. Using Relative References:2. Using Relative References:2. Using Relative References:2. Using Relative References:

Formula kan han enter chiah a, Excel

hian Relative Reference hi cell address

ho tan a hmang tangkai thin.

Fig 2. ang hian, G9 cell a formula kan

hman chu =D9+E9+F9 a ni a. Formula

kan hman khi column G ah khian copy

thla ta ila, hetiang hi a lo ni ang:

G10 ah chuan =D10+E10+F10

G11 ah chuan =D11+E11+F11

Hemi atanga kan hriat thiam theih chu

formula kan siamna cell atang khan an

mahni position a zir zel in formula kha

a danglam thla ve zel a ni.

3. Using Absolute References:3. Using Absolute References:3. Using Absolute References:3. Using Absolute References:3. Using Absolute References:

A chung a kan sawi tak ang khian Rela-

tive Reference ah chuan, formula kan

copy a, an mahni position ang zelin a

in thlak danglam ve thin a. Absolute

Reference ah thung chuan a tir a kan

formula siam kha hmundang a copy

pawh a danglam tawh lo tur in kan siam

thei. Formula vawikhat kan hman tawh,

hmundang a kan copy pawh a danglam

tawh lo tur a kan duh chuan Absolute

Reference hi a tangkai hle.

Absolute Reference hmang tur chuan

cell engber emaw, absolute a kan siam

duh hma ah Dollar sign ($) dah tur a ni a. Column letter

hma ah emaw, Row number hma ah emaw, a pahnih hma ah

emaw kan dah thei bawk.

Fig 3. hi lo en ila:

Hetah ve thung hi chuan a lem a kan hmuh ang hian Dollar

sign kan hmang ta a. G9 a formula kha Column wise in copy

thla ta ila, cell G10 ah leh cell G11 ah khian 171 tho khi a

result chu a ni dawn a ni. A chhan chu a postion a zir zel a

cell reference te a in thlak danglam ve loh vang a ni.

Awle, tun atan chuan heti zawng hi ni rih se la, hlawkna lo

chhar kan awm a nih chuan chu chu kan duhthusam a ni a.

Chhunzawm zel tum ila a tha awm e.

Fig 2. Using Relative References

Fig 3. Using Absolute References

Tut

oria

l1. Infosys company hi India rama CD-ROM hmanga annual report siam hmasa ber a ni.

2. Father of Information Technology an tih ber chu Claude Shannon a ni a, kum 1948 khan ' A mathemati-

cal theory of Communication' tih lehkhabu a chhuah a ni.

3. Kum 1998 ah khan Internet hmanga sumdawnna za-a sawmriat (80%) kha chu puitling film (pornogra-

phy) hi a ni a, tunah erawh chuan za-a sawmhnih (20%) chauh a ni tawh.

4. July 4th, 1996 khan Sabeer Bhatia leh Jack Smith ten Hotmail an siam a, a kum lehah Microsoft hnenah

$385 million man in an hralh.

5. Second khata trillion khat zat tam hnathawk thei Computer hi ‘Gravity Pipeline’ an vuah.

6. Kum 1973 khan Vinton Cerf leh Dr. Robert Kahn te chuan TCP leh IP chanchin lehkhabu an chhuah a,

heta tang hian Vinton Cerf hi ‘Father of Internet’ tia sawi thin a ni.

I lo hre ve tawh em?



Saptawng a troubleshooting han tih hian a tam zawkchuan kan hre thiam mai thei e. Mizo tawng chuanbuaina a lo awm a, a siam/chin fel dan ti ila a dik mai

awm e. Kan harsatna tawh erawh a inang lo thei a ni. I Com-puter khan a hnathawh dan tur pangngai taka a thawh theihloh chuan harsatna/buaina engemaw a nei tihna ni a. Chuchu Mulfunction tih a ni. Computer harsatna hian tawp china nei lova, a buai dan a zirin chi hrang hrang a awm a ni.

1. Software errors 2. Hardware errors

Software errors:Software errors:Software errors:Software errors:Software errors:

A siamtu in uluk taka a siam hnuin, software testing neihthin a ni a, uluk taka test a nih hnu ah a that chuan khasoftware kha proved a niin published a ni thin a ni. Softwarehi proved anih tawh hnu chuan chhe thei lo tluk a ngaih thina ni. Chuvangin i software in harstna a nei a nih chuan ahnuai ami pahnih te hi a chhan a ni thei ang:

(i) I software/program kha siam thar emaw, la prove loh emaw,software testing la paltlang lo a ni thei.

(ii) I software khan data engemaw bik chauh a process thei a,hei pawh hi software testing uluk loh vang bawk a ni.

Hardware errors:Hardware errors:Hardware errors:Hardware errors:Hardware errors:

A chang chuan software error hi hardware error ang takathawk a awm thei a. Hardware problem hi hriat mai a awlsamzawkin a component thar hmanga thlak/siam mai theih a ni.Hardware error hi chi hrang hrang a awm a:

1. Electronic problem

2. Mechanical problem

3. Environmental problem

4. Media problem

Heng ho hian i computer kha hnathawk thei tawh lo turin asiam thei a , chu chu Permanent emaw, Solid Problem tih ani. A changa hnathawk tha viau si, a changa hna thawk theimiah lo a nih chuan Intermittent problem a ni ve thung.

An pahnih ah hian Solid problem hi hriat a awl in siam pawha awlsam zawk a. Intermittent hi chuan Symptom engemawdang dang a siam thin avangin uluk zawka finfiah thin tur ani.

TTTTTroubleshootingroubleshootingroubleshootingroubleshootingroubleshootingTunah chuan hardware problem zing apakhat, Hard disk drive troubleshoot-ing lo en ila;

I system ah Operation emaw, CannotRead Sectors tih emaw, Bad Sectors inei thei a. Bad Sector hi chu atlangpuiin, I hard drive reformattinghnu ah a recover leh theih thin a. Re-formatting tih awmzia chu, i drvie for-mat zawng zawng kha a bul a tanga siamthat leh vek tih na a ni. Chu chuanpartition zawng zawng thiah vek a, par-tition siam that leh pah in a file systempawh i thlak danglam thei a ni. I drivei access laia “cannot read sectors”, “ re-try, abort, ignore”, tih lo lang thin tehi chhan hrang hrang a awm thei bawka. Hetiang ang chi hi i tawng a nihchuan a hnuaia kan tar lan te hi loenfiah chhin la, a chhiat dan i hre maithei ang:

1. Electrical connection problems:1. Electrical connection problems:1. Electrical connection problems:1. Electrical connection problems:1. Electrical connection problems:

I power cable kha a in vuah tha em tihcheck hmasa ang che. Chumi zawhah idata ribbon cable check leh tur a ni.

2. Hard disk drive controller failure:2. Hard disk drive controller failure:2. Hard disk drive controller failure:2. Hard disk drive controller failure:2. Hard disk drive controller failure:

Controller failure hi chu system bootupah a hriat theih a, Boot failure messagea display tlangpui thin. Hei hi chu siamthat ai chuan hard disk thara thlak afin thlak ber.

3. Hard drive physically failed:3. Hard drive physically failed:3. Hard drive physically failed:3. Hard drive physically failed:3. Hard drive physically failed:

Physical error-ah hian chi hnih a awmthei a.

(i) Hard drive a vir thei lo

I hard drive a vibrate loh chuan a vir lotih i hre thei ang.

Er.

R.

Lal

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san

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, IG

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2nd Issue 3 53 53 53 53 5


(ii) Hard drive head a chhia

Drive head in khak ri i hre thei ang.

4.4.4.4.4. Electronic failure:Electronic failure:Electronic failure:Electronic failure:Electronic failure:

Hei pawh hi controller chhia ang deuhkhan bootup-ah error message i hmuang. Siam vak theih a ni lo a, hard diskthlak mai a tha.

5.5.5.5.5. Recording problem:Recording problem:Recording problem:Recording problem:Recording problem:

Recording han tih hian sound/voicerecording a kawk ber lova, hard disk athil i write leh read (read/write) opera-tion kha a ni.

Chi hnih in a then theih a:

(i) Unable to read a sector:

Hei hi chu Surface scanning hmangina hriat theih.

(ii) Process thenkhat vangin filesthenkhat a chhe thei bawk. H e ihi chu power fluctuate emaw, powerfailure awm nasa lutuk vangin a awmthei.

6.6.6.6.6. IRQ setting conflict:IRQ setting conflict:IRQ setting conflict:IRQ setting conflict:IRQ setting conflict:

A tlangpuiin primary hard drivechuan ‘C’ leh ‘D’ drive tan InterruptRequest Line(IRQ) number 14 ahmang a, Secondary hard drive chuan‘E’ drive leh ‘F’ drive tan IRQ num-ber 15 a hmang ve thung. ChuvanginaddsOn card thenkhat installed belhinIRQ in ang a awm thei a, hei hian con-flict a siam thin a ni. Hei hi IRQ num-ber dang hman thin tur a ni.

7.7.7.7.7. JJJJJumper setting conflict:umper setting conflict:umper setting conflict:umper setting conflict:umper setting conflict:

IDE hard drive reng reng chuan pri-mary drive channel leh secondary chan-nel a nei tur a ni a, primary leh sec-ondary te hian Master leh Slave an neihran ve ve bawk a ni.

Channel pakhatah Master pahnih ihmang thiang lo a, chutiang bawkinslave pahnih i hmang thiang lo a ni.Jumper set dan tur hi Hard drive ah ain ziak tlangpui a, fimkhur hle tur ani.

8.8.8.8.8. Unable to boot:Unable to boot:Unable to boot:Unable to boot:Unable to boot:

I system a boot thei loh a nih chuan chhan hrang hrang aawm leh thei a, a tlangpuiin hardware lam a that vek chuan iMBR (Master Boot Record) a chhia a ni thei. Hemi siam turchuan Bootable DOS disk i mamawh a ni.

DOS command hmanga i boot theih hnuah ‘C’ drive a thatleh that loh check tur a ni. Hetiangin :

DIR C:<enter>

‘C’ drive a la tha a nih chuan system command hmangin i lasiamtha thei a ni.

Sys a: c:<enter>

Sys file hi i bootable diskah a awm tur a ni.

9.9.9.9.9. Fdisk reports wrong size:Fdisk reports wrong size:Fdisk reports wrong size:Fdisk reports wrong size:Fdisk reports wrong size:

Hard disk 64GB aia lian partition nan Fdisk.exe i hman chuanFdisk wrong size report a awm thin a, hei hi chu buaina lianvak ni lovin, error message a display ringawt thin ani.

Entirnan : I hard disk kha 70GB anih chuan Fdisk.exe chuan70GB-64GB=6GB angin report a pe thin.

Tro

uble

shoo

ting



Blu-ray hi hmel hriat kan la tam lo mai thei a, lo hre

viau tawh pawh kan awm thei tho bawk a, engpawhnise la hre ngai lote tana kan hriatna ti zautu a nih

theih nan leh lo hre tawh te hriatna belh chhahtu a nih theihnan thiam tawkin sawi i han tum dawn teh ang. Blu-ray hminghi ‘Laser Beam’ pakhat, Blue–Violet laser, Data chhiartu lehziaktu (read - write) atana an hman hming chawia an phuaha ni a, tunah rih chuan Optical Disc (CD, DVD, etc) pakhata data len hnem theihna ber ala ni rih. High-definition Video(HDV, 1280×720 or 1920×1080 resolution), Standard defi-nition Video leh thil dang dang dah nan a hman theih a ni a.Tunah hian Blu-ray player (Movie Player) pawh hi ram dangahchuan lei theihin a awm tawh a ni.

A duang chhuak tute hi Blu-ray Disc Association, Companyhrang hrang electronics lam te, Computer Hardware te, tinMotion Pictures company te an ni deuh sup hlawm.

Eng nge a that bikna?Eng nge a that bikna?Eng nge a that bikna?Eng nge a that bikna?Eng nge a that bikna?

Blu-ray hian Optical Disc dang aiin that bikna lehdanglam bikna a nei nual a, chung zinga a langsar ber chuData a store (dah tha) tam thei bik hi a ni. A laser beamhman wavelength (405 nm) hi a tawi bik avang hian data hiDisc khatah a dah hnem theih bik a. Red laser beam (DVD)wavelength te hi chu 700 nm vel a ni daih a, violet laserbeam hi chu wavelength 400nm velah pawh hmuh theih lehhman tangkai theih a la ni a, chuvang chuan wavelength te(small) zawk na na na chuan data a chhiar chip chiar in achhiar chikim thei zawk a ni.

Data engzat nge Disc khatah leng ang?Data engzat nge Disc khatah leng ang?Data engzat nge Disc khatah leng ang?Data engzat nge Disc khatah leng ang?Data engzat nge Disc khatah leng ang?

Disc hi chi hnih a awm a, DualLayer Disc leh Single Layer Disc a awma. Single layer disc ah hian 25 GB velleh Dual layer disc ah hian 50 GB vel aleng thei dawn a ni.

Tun hma deuh, la rei lo takah khan kanHard Disc hmuh phak lian ber chu 4GB te a ni thin a, Blu-ray kan hmantheih hunah chuan chung Hard Disc-a leng let sawm aia tam chu OpticalDisc pakhat a dahin kan la keng kualthei dawn tihna a nih chu. Dual layerBlu-ray disc(50GB) ah hi chuan Videoquality tha pangngai tak pawh darkar23 daih vel a dah theih dawn a. Duallayer tih hi chu a hranpa in kan la sawifiah dawn nia. Tin, Blu-ray danglamleh bikna chu future proof a nihna hi ani. Dual layer ni mai lo, layer hnih aitam daih pawh siam theih a nihna hi ani a. 100 GB – 200 GB Blu-ray discpawh nakinah chuan kan la nei thei ani. Mahse kan hriat tur pakhat chu layerpakhat hian data 25 GB vel ai a tamchu a dawng thei bik lo a ni.

Eng nge Dual Layer Chu?Eng nge Dual Layer Chu?Eng nge Dual Layer Chu?Eng nge Dual Layer Chu?Eng nge Dual Layer Chu?

Dual Layer Disc kan tih hi aawmzia chu Disc khatah hian thilrecord theihna layer pahnih a awmtihna a ni mai a. Layer chhungril zawk(L1) leh pawnlang zawk (L0) hi semi-transparent reflector ve ve a ni a, 18 %vel a reflect thei. Nimahsela, layer lehlayer inkar reflection hi chu a san a ngaia, 50 % vel tal reflection a awm a ngai.Layer hnuai zawka data write emaw,read emaw hi chuan a pawnlang zawkhi laser beam chuan a chhun tlang maia, chuti chung chuan layer pawnlang

Er.

R.

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2nd Issue 3 73 73 73 73 7


zawkah pawh hian data read/write hi atheih ve leh tho a ni. Layer pahnihte hitransparent spacer (polycarbonate layer)a dai dan a ni. Pre-groove an tih mai,disc vir chak zawng (disc rotation speed)leh data addressing vel zawng zawngcontrol tu chu layer pahnihte hian anei ve ve a, read/write laia disc vir chakzawng pawh hi layer hrangah hian ainang lo reng a ni. Recording layerhmasa zawk (L0) ah hian Disc Rimchhung lam (a lai kaw hnaih lam) atanga tan-in disc pawn lam (a tlang hriamlam) hawi zawngin data hi read/writea ni a, hetih lai hian recording layerhnuhnung zawk (L1) ah hi chuan disctlang lam atangin Disc Rim chhunglam hawi zawngin read/write a ni vethung. Layer chhungril zawka (L1)data write hian layer hmasa zawk (L0)a data write lai aiin disc vir chak zawnghi a hniam hret thin.

“Table of Content” vel zawng zawngchu Layer pawnlang zawk (L0) ah hiana awm vek a. Dual layer disc hian layerpahnih tan hian contiguous address (address inzawm) a hmang a, chumiawmzia chu disc khat tan (50GB) pawh hian contiguousdata i dah thei dawn tihna anih chu.

Eng ang format tur nge?Eng ang format tur nge?Eng ang format tur nge?Eng ang format tur nge?Eng ang format tur nge?

Blu-ray disc hiCD leh DVD ang tho informat zau tak nei in siam ani a, chhiar chauh theih(Read only), ziah theih (Re-cordable) leh ziah nawn ziahnawn theih chi(Rewriteable) te a siam ani. Read only hi HD mov-ies, Software leh games velatan te a duan deuh a ni a,Recordable leh Rewriteablehi chu HD movies writechhawn nan leh PC Datadah nan te duan deuh a ni.Tin, Blu-ray disc hianmultisession pawh a supportbawk.

Data read/write speed eng nge, disc khat hi eng zatman vel tur nge?

Blu-ray disc specification ah chuan, 1x speed hian36Mbps (Mega bit per second) a tluk vel a, Blu-ray ROMmovies in a tlem berah 54Mbps vel tal a duh dawn avanginminimum speed pawh 2x (72Mbps) vel anih chu a ngai dawna ni. A sang lamah chuan Blu-ray disc association chuan 8x(288Mbps) thlengin a duang tawh a. Blu-ray disc ah hianDVD te aiin Numerical Aperture (NA) a len theih zawk avangin data transfer rate inang ah pawh disc rotation speed ahniam zawk thei a ni.

A man hi tunah rih chuan siam chhuah hi ala tlemem avangin DVD te ai chuan a man leh mual chu a sangzawk fe lo thei lova, nimahsela nakin lawk ah chuan produc-tion a tam ang a, DVD te nen man inang thuak pawhin kanla lei thei turah ngai ang.

BBBBBlu-rlu-rlu-rlu-rlu-ray leh Day leh Day leh Day leh Day leh DVD han tehkhin chhin i la:VD han tehkhin chhin i la:VD han tehkhin chhin i la:VD han tehkhin chhin i la:VD han tehkhin chhin i la:

Parameters Blu-ray DVD

Storage capacity 25GB (single-layer) 4.7GB (single-layer)

50GB (dual-layer) 8.5GB (dual-layer)

Laser wavelength 405nm (blue laser) 650nm (red laser)

Numerical aperture 0.85 0.60

Disc diameter 120mm 120mm

Disc thickness 1.2mm 1.2mm

Protection layer 0.1mm 0.6mm

Hard coating Yes No

Track pitch 0.32µm 0.74µm

Data transfer rate (data) 36.0Mbps (1x)11.08Mbps (1x)

Video bit rate (max) 40.0Mbps 9.8Mbps

Har

dwar

e


© MICSEA : Not for sale3838383838 Abacus Magazine

Tun tum chu kawng dunga intlansiak ringawt piah lamah, Graphic en

gine leh a tak ang chiah emaw tih mai tura hmanraw chang tlung zawk

nena thuam famkim, Game rintlak tak mai hi i han bihchiang teh ang.

Kum 1995 kuma Need for speed game an siam chhuah atang khan he

game famkim tawk lohna kalphung hrang hrang thlak danglam a lo ni tawh

thin a. Game siamchhuaktu Franchises hrang hrang te hian ngaihtuahna

nasa tak sengin a tak ang thei ber turin graphic changkang tak tak nen an

ruahman reng a. Version an thlak danglam apiang hian EA chuan hmasawnna

rahbi thar a rap zel thin tih kan hre theuh awm e. Kawngpui dungah chak

lutuka an han tlan pur pur laia, Trafic police ten man ngei tuma an han um te

hian a tak tak a ti ang hle mai thin. He game lawm hlawh tak mai hi fans tam

te chuan an atchilh a ni ringawt mai. An siamchuah atang kum rei lo teah

NFS fans ho lungawina zan turin a aia anga siam turin Franchises te chuan

hma an la leh ta chur chur mai le.

Prostrees ngei mai chu i han luh chilh tak tak ang aw.Prostrees ngei mai chu i han luh chilh tak tak ang aw.Prostrees ngei mai chu i han luh chilh tak tak ang aw.Prostrees ngei mai chu i han luh chilh tak tak ang aw.Prostrees ngei mai chu i han luh chilh tak tak ang aw.

Game Version hmasa lama awmlo, dan lo anga kawngpuia awlsam zawka

tlan pur pur thei turin Arcade-style racing chu a aia hmuhnawm zawk leh

khelh nuam zawk turin Simulation changkang tak nen professional racingah

thlak danglamin tunah hian NFS game series thar ProStreet ngei mai chu

khelh theih a lo ni ta .

Game hmel hmang :Game hmel hmang :Game hmel hmang :Game hmel hmang :Game hmel hmang : NFS fans i ni

ngat anih chuan series hmasa lama

mi nen a danglam zia chu hrilh hran i

ngai kher lo vang. ProStreet ah zet hi

chuan i lungawina zan tur leh a tak

nena danglamna awm miah lo turin

engkim ruahman a ni a, Kawngpuiah

chak lutukin i han tlana, i bul ami i va

su emaw, an rawn su zawk che anih

vaih chuan a tak ang chiahin i motor

kha a khem neng nung mai ang. Traf-

fic sign i su a nih lek phei chuan i

sutna lai chu a hek hem huam mai

ang. I motor hmelhmang pawh a

chhe ve hle ang. Hei tak mai hi NFS

fans te tan a nawmna a lo ni leh zel

leh nghal. Hetiang motor hmelhmang

tihchhiat dan hi hlawm lian deuh deuh

chi hnihah then a ni a . Chhe nasa

lutuk lo chi "Light Damage" ah leh

2nd Issue 3 93 93 93 93 9


Major repair ngai khawpa sawp

chhiat "Heavy Damage" ah te then a

ni. I motor a chhia anih pawhin

lungngai suh, Progressive Repair

makers leh Cash hmangin i repair thei

tih hria ang che. Hetih lai hian motor

a chhiat reng reng hian Weekends

race ah i tlan phal a ni lovin a chhia

siam tha leh tur chuan a bul atanga i

race nawn leh ngai thin tih erawh

theihnghilh lo la, fimkhur takin khalh

thin ang che.

Graphics lam ve thung :Graphics lam ve thung :Graphics lam ve thung :Graphics lam ve thung :Graphics lam ve thung : Sawi tam

vak a tul lo, 8800GTS 320 MB graph-

ics card han vuah la, a nih tur ang

takin nangmah ngeiin i hmu mai

dawn a lawm. Chak lutukin han tlan

la, a han insawh nawk nawk anga, i

chetsual chang a a chungkhuh leng

duai duai khawpa i motor a han awm

phei chuan a tak tak a maw i ti ve

hial ang. I motor chhia te reng reng hi

a langchiang em em mai a, han hmuh

hmaih chi a ni mawlh lo a ni. Hei mai

bakah nangmah thlirtu mipui au dur

dur leh i tlanna motor kawngpui

langzui mai te ringawt pawh hi a tak

tak a ang teh mai asin.

Game tih hmasawnna turaGame tih hmasawnna turaGame tih hmasawnna turaGame tih hmasawnna turaGame tih hmasawnna tura

mamawh la awm :mamawh la awm :mamawh la awm :mamawh la awm :mamawh la awm : Mamawhna a

san nasat apiangin eng thil pawh

han duang thin ila kawng engkimah

hian hmasawnna tur a awm zel mai

tih chu he NFS game i han bihchian

hian i hrechiang leh zual ang. He

game ah pawh hian duhthusamin

Audio a la tha tawk lovin a tak tak

ang tur chuan sound track Electron-

ics leh hip-hop ang lek lek a ri hi siam

that a la ngai deuh a, "Homie", "Dude"

tih leh "like" tih tawngkam Anouncer

in a han puang nawn zing lutuk te hi siam danglam tul zingah chuan hmaih

chi a ni lo bawk. Hei bakah Players Namesis Ryo Watanabe au ri te hian

atak a la phawk chhuak zo lo deuh bawk a, a aw ri te hi a then laiah chuan

fiah viau mahse a tam zawkah chuan "umm" tih leh "whatever" tih ang

ringawta hriat a nih chan atam mah mahin a lang. Tin, intlansiak ni atam

mah mahin hei hian game khelh hun pumpui a ti reiin a ninawm phah lek

lek thei bawk.

A hmawr bawk na : A hmawr bawk na : A hmawr bawk na : A hmawr bawk na : A hmawr bawk na : ProStreet game hi Series hmasa lam a mi ang

ngawta a hlimhlawpna lam ringawt ngaihtuaha khelh chi a ni lo. Motor

khalh thiam tak tak ang mai a uluk tak leh fimkhur tak chunga khelh a ngaih

avang hian hnungzang leh ban a ti kham them thum thei mai hian taksa a

ti thuanawp thei viau mai a. Tin, hei mai bakah Computer chak tha leh Graphics

sang tak lovah chuan duhthusamin a khelh theih loh bawk nen, he game

hian mi thenkhat tan chuan harsatna a siam thei awm e. Eng le khaw le,

tuna he game Series thar hian mitam tak lawmna a thlen rualin mithenkhat

tan chuan harsatna neuh neuh a thlen a ni tih hai rual a ni lo ve.----

2nd Issue Edition 39 39 39 39 39



He Minesweeper cheat hi I hre tawh em?

Minesweeper game hi cheat ve re re I duh chuan a hnuai a mi ang

hian han ti ve chhin teh.

1. Minesweeper chu click hawng rawh le.

2. “xyzzy” tih type la ( a quote tel lo hian aw).

3. A rual in ‘enter’ leh ‘shift’ key hmet rawh.

4. Windows dang in hawng a awm chuan minimize vek la, screen

chung lam, a kil vei lam kha uluk tak in en ang che.

5. Bomb awm na zawn a I mouse arrow a awm a nih chuan te reuhte

in a rawn dum ang, Bomb awm lohna zawn a nih erawh chuan a

var thung ang.

‘My sendto’ shortcut list a items dah belh dan leh remove dan

File engemaw ber i han right click hian options awm ho zing ah “send

to” tih hi I hmu tel thin ang a, he “send to” option zawn a mouse pointer I dah

chuan hengte hi I hmu thin ang:

• Compressed (zipped) Folder

• Desktop (create shortcut)

• Mail Recipient

• My Documents

leh a dangte pawh a ni thei. He location chhungah hian nangma folder siam

ngei i dah belh duh emaw, i paih duh chuan a hnuai a mi ang hian han ti chhin

teh:

Start menu click la, chuan run click leh la, run dialog box chhung ah

khan shell:sendto tih type la, chuan ‘Enter’ key hmet rawh. Chuan “send to”

folder a lo in hawng ang. He folder chhung ah hian i item duh i dah belh ve thei

ta a, emaw I duh loh chu i paih thei bawk.

Windows Media Player hmanga DVD Play dan:

Software dang hmang kher lova Windows Media Player hmaga

DVD play theih dan chu.

1. Start Button ah click la Run ah khan Regedit tih type rawh le

2. Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ MediaPlayer

\ Player \ Settings

3. Right clcick la new string option ah kal la EnableDVDUI tih type

rawh

4. Value ah khan yes tih type rawh

5. Computer Reboot la , Media Player hawng rawh. File / Open DVD

tih select tawh mai rawh

Corrupted Fonts siam that dan :

Non-true type fonts ah harsatna a awm chuan awlsam te in a siam that theih

1. Control Panel hawng rawh

2. Fonts folder ah Double click rawh

3. "Monotype Sorts" font tih hi zawng la , I hmuh chuan

Delete rawh.

Windows XP Start Button tih bo dan

1. Start menu button ah vawi hnih click la , dashed line a rawn

lang ang

2. Alt leh minus sign kha a rualin hmet leh rawh

3. Option a rawn lang ang. Close start button ti turin Close

option thlang rawh

Awlsam taka Formatting hriat theih dan

MS-Word a I thu chhut formating te kha awlsam taka

hriat I duh chuan

1. Help Menu ah click la , What's This? Option ah click leh

rawh

2. Mouse cursor kha question mark ah a lo chang ang a.

tichuan, I thuchhutsa I duh lai a piangah han click rawh le.

3. Formatting Information hrang hrang e.g. font and size,

alignment, indent, spacing and margins te a rawn lang vek

mai ang.

Rang tak a Font Size thlak dan

Ms Office application (Word, Front Page, Publisher or

PowerPoint) I hman chuan awlsam takin hawrawp I thlak zung

zung thei a.

1. I thlak duh hawrawp te kha Highlight rawh

2. Press: CTRL+SHIFT+ > - Tih lenna

CTRL+SHIFT+< - Tih tetna

Mouse hmanga DOS program text file copy dan

1. DOS-Prompt icon ah mouse Right click rawh

2. Select Properties

3. Click on the Misc tab

4. Check the QuickEdit box

Tichuan, Kan copy duh text information kha mouse

hmangin kan drag anga, Copy and Paste ( Ctrl + C leh Ctrl + V)

pang ngai angin kan duhna file ah kan copy thei tawh mai ang.

Windows Screen picture file a copy dan

1. Print Screen key hmet rawh :

Hei hian Windows screen clip board ah a copy ang

2. Graphic software eng pawh han hawng la Paste option ah

click rawh. Hei hian Windows screen kha

file I hawn tharah a Paste ang

3. File kha I duh dang angin Save tawh mai rawh

Remark : Active Window chiah Copy I duh chuan Alt

+ Print Screen hmet ang che

Tips ‘n’ T

ricks

2nd Issue 4 14 14 14 14 1


Stage6.com

He site zet hi chu a site a an sawi dan angin "people who love video" tih hian ahrilhfiah ber mai. video hrim hrim, mobile phone atanga clip te reuh te te atangafilm te thleng upload theih a, i duh leh i download anga, i en anga, i share anga..iduh duh danin i ti thei. HIgh-Quality platform a nih angin, a video quality hi a thaem em a. Kum 2006 atanga chauha bul tan nimahse, a HIT toh hle a ni. He site avideo en duh tan chuan DivX Web Player install erawh a ngai thung a ni.

URL http://stage6.com

Stumbleupon.com

Nikum mai khan e-bay hovin hesite hi $75,000,000 vel lekin an leia. Website tha tak tak zawnchhuahna leh share na hmun, hewebsite hi a thang chakin a larchak hle. I website duh zawng lehtha i tih te kha midang te neneawlsam takin i share thei a, an nipawhin an lo share che angawebsite tha tam tak i hriat belh phah dawn a ni. User 2.5 vel chuanginhe site hi tunah an hmang mek a, chung zingah chuan i tel ve em?Han tlawh ve chhin la Internet ah hian website hrang hrang , mak puipui leh tha deuh deuh te pawh, i la hmuh ngai loh tamzia i hre ngeiang. I hre tawh bawka tunah chuan ‘Stumbler’ ilo ni ve toh dawn nia.

URL http://www.stumbleupon.com

Meebo.com

Meebo website hi thu leh hla (message), awlsam tak a in thawn zung zungtheihna tur a ruahman a ni a. Chat nan a kan hman thin heng AIM te,Yahoo Messenger te, MSN te, Google talk te, ICQ leh Jabber te installbuai ngai miah lova hman theihin dah a ni a. Kum 2005, September thlakhan Meebo website hi bul tan a ni a.Meebo hian invisible sign-in na leh a ruala IM service hrang hranga onlinetheihna a awm nghal a. Nikum mai atang khan Meebo Rooms features tharsiam belh a ni bawk. Meebo hmang tute chuan chat room an mahni in ansiam theih mai bakah midang chat room ah pawh an va lut thei bawk a ni.

Meebo that leh na em em pakhat chu hengIM hrang hrang- Yahoo, AIM, Redifbol etcte hi hmun thenkhat- office, school,company etc an te block/ hman phal loh ani thin a, Browser atanga awlsam taka heng IM ah te hian a luh theih avangin hmangtangkai an tam hle.He website hmangtute hian nitin a thu (message) an in thawn zathi 100 million a chuang ziah a ni.

URL http://www.meebo.com

Websites you don’t wanna missed....

2nd Issue Edition 41 41 41 41 41



QQQQQ&&&&&

AAAAA

QQQQQ Class XII student ka ni a, tunah hian Turbo C++ Class XII student ka ni a, tunah hian Turbo C++ Class XII student ka ni a, tunah hian Turbo C++ Class XII student ka ni a, tunah hian Turbo C++ Class XII student ka ni a, tunah hian Turbo C++

hmangin class project ka ti mek a. Bitmap leh Jpeghmangin class project ka ti mek a. Bitmap leh Jpeghmangin class project ka ti mek a. Bitmap leh Jpeghmangin class project ka ti mek a. Bitmap leh Jpeghmangin class project ka ti mek a. Bitmap leh Jpeg

Images tih lan dan a awm em. Engtia tih tur nge ni ang ?Images tih lan dan a awm em. Engtia tih tur nge ni ang ?Images tih lan dan a awm em. Engtia tih tur nge ni ang ?Images tih lan dan a awm em. Engtia tih tur nge ni ang ?Images tih lan dan a awm em. Engtia tih tur nge ni ang ?

AAAAA C and C++ hian JPEG files hi a support lo va ,mahse BMP

file erawh chu a support thung.Turbo C++ I hmang anih

chuan compiling process path ah khan bgi.lib path telh ang che.

Tin, hemi support tur hian function I hman a ngai bawk. Hemi

hmang hian header files parse leh tur a ni a, tichuan,milem te chu

awlsam takine pixel by pixel inm plot tawh mai tura ni. BMP file

fiah taka siam tur chuan screen resolution hi 256 colors ah dah a

tha.

QQQQQ Computer hlui ang reng tak ka hmanga Windows Computer hlui ang reng tak ka hmanga Windows Computer hlui ang reng tak ka hmanga Windows Computer hlui ang reng tak ka hmanga Windows Computer hlui ang reng tak ka hmanga Windows

98 ka load mek a Computer ka start veleh hian98 ka load mek a Computer ka start veleh hian98 ka load mek a Computer ka start veleh hian98 ka load mek a Computer ka start veleh hian98 ka load mek a Computer ka start veleh hian

message box ah "Unable to load dynamic link librarymessage box ah "Unable to load dynamic link librarymessage box ah "Unable to load dynamic link librarymessage box ah "Unable to load dynamic link librarymessage box ah "Unable to load dynamic link library

msnp32.dll" tih a rawn lang fo mai a.. "OK" button ka clickmsnp32.dll" tih a rawn lang fo mai a.. "OK" button ka clickmsnp32.dll" tih a rawn lang fo mai a.. "OK" button ka clickmsnp32.dll" tih a rawn lang fo mai a.. "OK" button ka clickmsnp32.dll" tih a rawn lang fo mai a.. "OK" button ka click

hian a chang chuan a tha veleh mai thin a.File pawimawhhian a chang chuan a tha veleh mai thin a.File pawimawhhian a chang chuan a tha veleh mai thin a.File pawimawhhian a chang chuan a tha veleh mai thin a.File pawimawhhian a chang chuan a tha veleh mai thin a.File pawimawh

ka dah hnem ve bawk si a, Windows ka load that a remka dah hnem ve bawk si a, Windows ka load that a remka dah hnem ve bawk si a, Windows ka load that a remka dah hnem ve bawk si a, Windows ka load that a remka dah hnem ve bawk si a, Windows ka load that a rem

chiah bawk si lo. Engtinge ka tih tak ang?chiah bawk si lo. Engtinge ka tih tak ang?chiah bawk si lo. Engtinge ka tih tak ang?chiah bawk si lo. Engtinge ka tih tak ang?chiah bawk si lo. Engtinge ka tih tak ang?

AAAAA Hei hi a chhan ber chu Windows system file corrupt vang

leh Hardware Components thenkhat ten duh anga hna an

thawh theih tawh loh vang a ni ber thin. A hmasa in Control

Panel ah lut la , Hardware components tangkai lo ho kha paih vek

la, a pawimawh tlemte chauh install rawh. Tin, network I hmang lo

anih phei chuan Network kha paih ngei ngei ang che. Primary

Logon option kha Windows logon ah thlak bawk rawh..Network I

hmang anih chuan, Network Card kha thlawn la, a that loh chuan

adang vuah ang che.Hardware Drivers zawng zawng kha Up-

grade bawk rawh

QQQQQ Computer ka neihna a la rei lova, enge ka khawih Computer ka neihna a la rei lova, enge ka khawih Computer ka neihna a la rei lova, enge ka khawih Computer ka neihna a la rei lova, enge ka khawih Computer ka neihna a la rei lova, enge ka khawih

pawh ka hre lo, partition(d:) Drive a bo daih mai.pawh ka hre lo, partition(d:) Drive a bo daih mai.pawh ka hre lo, partition(d:) Drive a bo daih mai.pawh ka hre lo, partition(d:) Drive a bo daih mai.pawh ka hre lo, partition(d:) Drive a bo daih mai.

File pawimawh ka dah hnem si a, engtinnge ka lak let lehFile pawimawh ka dah hnem si a, engtinnge ka lak let lehFile pawimawh ka dah hnem si a, engtinnge ka lak let lehFile pawimawh ka dah hnem si a, engtinnge ka lak let lehFile pawimawh ka dah hnem si a, engtinnge ka lak let leh

theih ang ?theih ang ?theih ang ?theih ang ?theih ang ?

AAAAA Tunlaiah chuan HDD Recovery Tools & utility tha tak tak a

awm a, Heng te hi a hman theih vek ang. Mahse, Computer

I la thiam vak lo anih chuan leh Data pawimawh tak tak a tam

bawk si chuan Mithiam zawk pan mai a fuh duh khawp mai.

QQQQQ CDROM thar ka lei a, CDROM thar ka lei a, CDROM thar ka lei a, CDROM thar ka lei a, CDROM thar ka lei a,

A tha viau a, mahseA tha viau a, mahseA tha viau a, mahseA tha viau a, mahseA tha viau a, mahse

Audio CD ka thunluh hian aAudio CD ka thunluh hian aAudio CD ka thunluh hian aAudio CD ka thunluh hian aAudio CD ka thunluh hian a

sound a rawn chhuak theisound a rawn chhuak theisound a rawn chhuak theisound a rawn chhuak theisound a rawn chhuak thei

reng reng lo mai a, Enge areng reng lo mai a, Enge areng reng lo mai a, Enge areng reng lo mai a, Enge areng reng lo mai a, Enge a

chhan ni thei ang?chhan ni thei ang?chhan ni thei ang?chhan ni thei ang?chhan ni thei ang?

AAAAA Hei hi chu CDROM drive

leh sound card

thlunzawmtu audio cable a in

thlunzawm loh vang a ni. Uluk

takin check la, tichuan, a tha

mai ang

QQQQQ Computer ka switch Computer ka switch Computer ka switch Computer ka switch Computer ka switch

on hnuah Fan a viron hnuah Fan a viron hnuah Fan a viron hnuah Fan a viron hnuah Fan a vir

reng tho si a, mahsereng tho si a, mahsereng tho si a, mahsereng tho si a, mahsereng tho si a, mahse

Monitorah engmah a langMonitorah engmah a langMonitorah engmah a langMonitorah engmah a langMonitorah engmah a lang

thei bawk si lo. Enge athei bawk si lo. Enge athei bawk si lo. Enge athei bawk si lo. Enge athei bawk si lo. Enge a

chhan ni ang. Khawngaihinchhan ni ang. Khawngaihinchhan ni ang. Khawngaihinchhan ni ang. Khawngaihinchhan ni ang. Khawngaihin

min lo pui teh.min lo pui teh.min lo pui teh.min lo pui teh.min lo pui teh.

AAAAA A chhan tam tak a awm

thei awm e. Fan a vir

ringawt khan computer a nung

tihna a ni lo tih hriat a tha

Computer I switch on khan

beep sound a rawn awm em ?,

a awm lo a nih chuan Mother

board leh Processor check a

ngai a ni Processor leh thil

dang a that vek a, Display lo a

nih chuan, Monitor kha check

ang che. Hemi hnu pawha a la

tha lo anih chuan, Monitor kha

enfiah a ngai ang.

Q ‘n’ A

2nd Issue 4 34 34 34 34 3


Sponsored by:

Vanso Technocraft

Vanso Technocraft

Vanso Technocraft

Vanso Technocraft

Vanso Technocraft

Raw

na &

Hm

ingi B

uil

din

g,

Ver

az

daw

r h

nu

ai,

Zark

aw

tAbacus November 2007 Crossword chhanna :Across :

2-compression, 5-keyboard, 7-jpg, 8-virus, 10-download, 13-bookmark, 14-alpha,18-isp, 20-gif, 21-multitasking, 23-beta, 24-modem, 26-browser.Down :

1-partition, 2-cds, 3-edu, 4-internet, 6-bug, 9-gov, 11-im, 12-dpi, 13-backup, 14- ascii15-midi, 16-driver, 17-sea, 19-cache, 22-network, 24-mouse, 25-mainframe, 27-rtf.

November 2007 issue crossword lawmman dawngtu : -LALLAWMKIMA, Bawngkawn, Ph - 9436366349( Lawmman hi 1Gb Pendrive a ni a, March 2008 ral hmain KCIT, Zarkawt ah lam

tur a ni e - Ed)

1. Computer hrang hrang connect nana kan hman hardware hming: ________________

2. 64bits=______ bytes, 34 hi binary ah chuan ________________ a ni.

3. Windows ah window close nana shortcut key chu ____________________ a ni.

4. 'Big Blue' an tih company hming chu ______________

5. Intel headquarter awmna city, state leh ram hming chu ________________________

6. Eng kumah nge '@' hi email address-a hman tur atana an thlan? ______________

7. Tuna Infosys company CEO hming ____________________________

8. 'Xbox' hi eng company siamchhuah nge? _______________________

9. Computer display tih thatna/ chakna atana an hman hardware hming chu ___________

10. A hi Z ni se, B hi Y ni se, C hi X ni se, chutiang zelin "MOTHERBOARD" hi engtinnge iziahchhuah ang? ____________________

11. Mizoram mipui zawng zawng (2001 census) hi binary hmangin ID i pe vek dawn a, atlem berah bit engzatnge i hman theih ang? ________________

12. Tuna Mizorama IT minister hming chu _____________________

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Mi pakhat aia tam

chhang dik in

awm chuan thum

vawr a ni ang.

In chhanna te chu

MICSEA Informa-

tion Office c/o

KCIT, Zarkawt ah

April 15, 2008 hma

ngein i thehluh tur

a ni. A hnu ah i

thehlut anih chuan

pawm a ni lovang.

A B A Q U I ZA B A Q U I ZA B A Q U I ZA B A Q U I ZA B A Q U I Z

He quiz hi i chhan dik vek chuan

Creative Speaker SBS A30 i dawng thei ang



MIZMIZMIZMIZMIZORAMIN IT LORAMIN IT LORAMIN IT LORAMIN IT LORAMIN IT LAMAAMAAMAAMAAMAHMASAHMASAHMASAHMASAHMASAWN NAN MICSEA CHUWN NAN MICSEA CHUWN NAN MICSEA CHUWN NAN MICSEA CHUWN NAN MICSEA CHUANANANANAN

‘‘‘‘‘ABABABABABAAAAACUSCUSCUSCUSCUS’’’’’ A RELEASED A RELEASED A RELEASED A RELEASED A RELEASED TTTTTA !!A !!A !!A !!A !!

Ni 19.11.2007 (Thawhtanni) chhun dar 12:00

ah ICT Conference Room, Secretariat Block-A hmunah

Mizoram Computer Science & Engineers Association

(MICSEA) -in IT Magazine Mizo tawnga a buatsaih

‘‘‘‘‘ABAABAABAABAABACUS’CUS’CUS’CUS’CUS’ chu Mizoramin IT lama hma a sawn zel theih

nan Dr. Vanlalzara, Principal Scientific Officer, Science &

Technology chuan a release.

He ‘ABAABAABAABAABACUSCUSCUSCUSCUS’ release function hi Er. Vanlalringa,

President, MICSEA-in a kaihruai a. Rev. Dr. PL

Biakchhawna’n hunserh a hman zawhin Er. Zohmachhuana

Khawlhring, Jt. Editor -in report tawi a pe a. Member ten

tlawmngaiin mahni hna piahlama mizote tan liau liau an

siam a nih thu te, harsatna kan tawhte tawi kim takin a pe

a. Mizo tawng ngeia IT Magazine changkang tak a lo

chhuak thei hi Pathian kaihhruaina hnuaia memberte

inpekna thawhrah a nih thu a sawi bawk a.

Chief Guest Dr. Vanlalzara, Principal Scientific

Officer, Science & Technology in ‘ABAABAABAABAABACUSCUSCUSCUSCUS’ chu Mizo

mipuite chhiar theih turin a release a. Tun lai Mizoramin a

mamawh IT Magazine changkang tak MICSEA-in an

chhuah theih chu lawmawm a tih thu a sawi a. Mizoram

tana kan thiamna te hmang chho zel tura MICSEA membet

te a fuih baka MICSEA te hmalak lehzelna turah duhsakna

a hlan bawk a ni.

Remruata Varte, Editor-in-Chief ZOlife in

Magazine Review-na hun a hmang a, Magazine changkang

tak a nih thu a sawi a, hetiang taka Magazine tha a chhuak

thei chu lawmawm a tih thu leh Mizoram tan pawha

hmasawnna a nih thu a sawi bawk.

‘ABAABAABAABAABACUSCUSCUSCUSCUS’ Editor Er. Dengchhunga’n hun hlu tak

senga mi sawmte rawn kal zawng zawng chungah leh

member te chunga lawmthu a sawi zawhin ‘Abacus’ released

function chu khar a ni.

MICSEA chuan ‘Abacus’ release huna rawn tel

zawng zawngte chungah lawmthu a sawi leh nise la. Kan

mi sawmte - Chief Guest Dr. Vanlalzara te, hunserh min

rawn hmanpuitu Rev. Dr. PL Biakchhawna te, Remruata

Varte, Editor-in-Chief ZOlife te, media lam atangin LPS,

Skylinks leh Zonet ten min rawn telpui avangin lawmthu

MICSEA chuan a sawi bawk a ni.

MIC

SE

A -

MIZ

OR

AM

CO

MP

UT

ER

SC

IEN

CE

& E

NG

INE

ER

S A

SS

OC

IAT

ION

MIZORAM COMPUTER SCIENCE& ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION

Estd : May 2007

President : Er. VanlalringaVice President : Er. R. DengchhungaGen. Secretary : Er. R. LalhnehtluangaAsst. Secy : Er. R. LalchhanhimaTreasurer : Er. R. LalmawipuiiFin. Secretary : Er. R. Lalfamkima

Executive Committee:1. Er. Zohmachhuana Khawlhring2. Er. Rony Lallianmawia3. Er. Isaac Zothanpuia4. Er. R. Lalremsanga5. Er. Victor Lalawmpuia6. Er. MS Dawngliani7. Er. Flora Saidingpui Sailo8. Er. Linda Lalrinpari Sailo

SrSrSrSrSr. A. A. A. A. Advisors -dvisors -dvisors -dvisors -dvisors -Pu P. Rohmingthanga IAS (Rtd) Former Secretary, Govt of India.Er. Lalthlamuana B.E (ECE), MS (SS) PIO & Deputy Secretary, IT Govt. of MizoramEr. Lalmuankima Sailo B.E (EE), M.E(CSE) Training & Placement Officer, H&TE Govt. of Mizoram

A hmasa in abacus IT magazine

- chhiar tu te zawng zawng chibai ka buk

a che u; he magazine atang hian hlawkna

in neih ve ngei ka beisei. Kei pawh in aba-

cus - atang hian hlawkna ka nei nual a,

abikin ‘64-bit computing’ tih te hi a

awmzia ka hre chiang ngai lova, mahse

abacus - ka chhiar atang chuan ka fiah ta

uar mai a ni. Tin, IT lam a kan mithiam rual

ten; Mizo te, abikin thalaite, IT lama hma

kan sawn leh zualna tura keimahni tawng

ngei a, hetiang magazine - tha an siam hi

an chungah pawh lawm thu ka sawi a, IT

lama harsatna kan neihte pawh abacus -

kaltlang a min chinfel sak zel pawh ka beisei

tak meuh meuh a ni.

Rodingliana Ralte

Field Veng, Thenzawl

Mizoram

(Rodingliana hi ITEDP, Khatla-a train-

ing mek a ni a, MICSEA-in magazine

an release tih a hriatin lei turin a rawn

kal vang vang a, ‘ABACUS’ lei hmasa

ber record a ni. - Ed)

Bits ‘n’ B

ytes

abacus 2nd issue

Documents

kan zavaiin

kan ram zimte

kan faten computer

kan khawsak phung

policy te

hrang hrang te hian

lam veitu te

policy kan zotlang ram