1 Synthesis reactions 2 r more elements or compounds are

joinedtogethertomake 1 compoundUsuallydoNottakeplacein solutionbutare solidsandgasesGeneralform

A B ABI Decompositionreactions opposite of synthesisone compound is brokeninto 2parts element compoundUsuallydonottakeplace in solutionCagebut aresolids G and gases gGeneral forma

AB A t B

III Singlereplacementreactionsone elementreplaces a similarelement in a compoundTake place in aqueoussolution aqmutual metalGeneralform A t BX AX t B

whalogen halogen

Y t BX By t x

Cattonmetal

N Double replacement reactions Ionic reactionsIons of 2 Separate compoundschangeplacesAlmostalwaystakeplacein aqueoussolutionCaqBothreactants mustbe solublecap Oneproductisusuallysoluble and theothermaybe a solid precipitate or maybegas 01 maybewaterGeneralform

AX t BY AY t BXCage Carl Cage s

lg

w Combustion reactions reactantsare a hydrocarbon

and oxygen

Complete combustion

hydrocarbons burnin air toyield carbondioxide andwaterI

CHucg t 02cg 8 CO2cg t He0cg

Incomplete combustioni

hydrocarbons combust in air to yield carbon dioxide

water carbon assoot and carbonmonoxide

CHutOz Coz HzO t Ces t C0cgG Cg

Types of reactionsand reaction prediction 1There are 5 maintypes of reactions Each typehasseveral8 or categories

1 Synthesis reactions 2 r more elements or compounds are

joinedtogethertomake 1 compoundUsuallydoNottakeplacein solutionbutare solidsandgasesGeneralform

A B D ABSubtypes1 Reaction of elementwithoxygentoform oxide

a2mg s t Omg 3 2mgOcs2 Reaction of 2nonmetals toform amolecular compound

A Hzcgy t 02cg 8 H2OCgb Sg s t 02cg 3 502cg 503cg

C Ces t Hzg 3 CxHy3 Reactionofmetalwith nonmetal otherthanoxygen

to form a salta halogen t alkalimetal alkalineearthmetal transitionmetal

b Macs t Clegg 0 NaCl4 Reaction ofmetallicoxidewithwateryieldmetalhydroxidesA Calles Azole CaLoH z s base

5 Reaction of nonmetallicoxidewithwaterproduceoxyacidsacid

a 503cg t Azole D H2504Cad6 Reaction of metaloxidewithnonmetal.oxideproduces saltsA Caoes t 503 Cas04Csg

g

Il Decompositionreactions opposite of synthesis 2One compound is brokeninto 2parts element compoundUsuallydonottakeplace in solutionCaqlbut aresolids G and gases gGeneral forma

AB A t Bsubtype zeumentst Binaryampoundswhenhealed decomposeintotheirelements

a HgOcs Is Agee 02cgA heat

2 Somebinarycompoundsdecomposewhenan electricalcurrentis passedthroughthem rn electricalcurrent

rna2h20ee 2Hugs t 02cg

3 Metal CarbonatesWhenhealed breakdown intometaloxide and carbondioxide

a Cacoz CaOes t Cong4 Metalhydroxideswhenhealed breakdowninto metaloxides

and watera CaOHzg

D Calles t H2O g

5Metal chlorates whentreated decomposeintometalchlorideand oxygengasa closes

DKCles t 02cg

6 Manyoxyacids decompose into anonmetallicoxide t water

Hz slags coz t Helleg

HI Singlereplacementreactions 3one elementreplaces a similarelement in a compoundTake place in aqueoussolution aqGeneralform A t BX AX t B

w

subtypesEET In

1 Replacementof ametalbyamoreactivemetalAlesi t FeNO3 z D fees t Al NO3 3CageylaysFeG t Al Nos z age NoRXM

2 Replacement of hydrogeninwaterby ametalMacs t lettuce 3 NaOHCaq t Hzgmoreactivemetals reactwithwaterbaseless activemetals reactwith steam

3 Replacement of hydrogen in acid by ametalMgoss t HClcap MgCk t Hzeg

aq4 Replacementof halogen by amoreactivehalogen

Clzeg t kBread 2 KClcan BEGatwarmtemp

N Double replacement reactions Ionic reactions 4Ions of 2 Separate compoundschangeplacesAlmostalwaystakeplacein aqueoussolutionCaqBothreactants mustbe solublecap Oneproductisusuallysoluble and theothermaybe a solid precipitate or maybegas 01 maybewaterGeneralform

AX t BY AY t BXsubtypes

a formationof a precipitate pptPb Nosz t z KI 2KNos t Pbiz

lag Caq aq s

b formationof a gasFes 2HClcap Feckeapt HfsCg

1 HI tFesc formationofwater usually acid base neutralization

reaction0

Hclap T NaoHeagy HOHayt Madcap

It coz2

ZHUcaq t Cacozes CaAzt HzC0zaq carbonicacid6

Hzcoz I Had 1CozyCaa cel

V Combustion reactions

hydrocarbonscombinewith oxygen to give coz Azocore Coe CO C Oz

complete combustion

Csltgcg t 02cg cozy t HzOcg

Mgc t HCl Hz t NgCkMogg tHFHIqgytmgiagtzclc.gg

oxidation state electrons an atomhas gained or lostoxidation lossof electrons ex Mg Mgt2tze LEOreduction gainofelectrons Cl t e a I says

GERReactionornot

My t Cudz tngt't za

MI t Ca tat Cues t MgdzSilver bluesoln brown colorless

ppt shn

NO RANnanny ti gM brown t cosigyss

Ppt ppt

Mg will replacedudu will Not replacerag

Mgis more activethan Ca

SR 2n t ZHA d Hy t Zn Ckµ Can G Capt

replacementof hydrogen in acid bymetalhydrogengas reactswith atmosphericoxygento yield water

5 Hz t O H2O gg2 G

2 nonmetalsreact to form a molecular compound